单元评估检测(八)

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四年级数学下册第八单元检测卷4套

教材过关卷(8)一、我会填。

(每空3分，共27分)1．小明有30张卡纸，小丽有26张卡纸，小明送给小丽()张卡纸后，两人的卡纸就一样多，都是()张。

2．乐乐读一本《故事书》，第一天读了18页，第二天读了23页，第三天读了22页，他平均每天读()页。

3．一组不完全相等的数据中，平均数应当比最大数()，比最小数()。

4．四(1)班一组和二组都有12名同学，要比较两组队员体重的总体情况，可以用()，也可以用()。

5．甲筐有苹果28千克，乙筐有苹果32千克，丙、丁两筐共有苹果52千克，平均每筐有()千克苹果。

6．甲、乙、丙三个数的平均数是120，甲和乙两个数的平均数是105，丙数是()。

二、我会辨。

(每题3分，共9分)1．2个苹果共6元，则每个苹果的价格都是3元。

()2．学校舞蹈队队员的平均身高是155厘米，有的队员身高可能超过155厘米，有的队员身高可能低于155厘米。

()3．四(1)班同学的平均体重是35千克，四(2)班同学的平均体重是33千克，所以四(1)班的刘明一定比四(2)班的李辉重。

()三、我会选。

(每题4分，共16分)1．某公司上半年生产饮料48万箱，平均每月生产饮料多少万箱？列式为() A．48÷12B．48÷6C．48÷22．如果知道几个人的平均体重，一定能知道每个人的体重吗？() A．能B．不能C．不能确定3．师傅和徒弟两人3天合作生产了一批零件，第一天生产了232个，第二天生产了258个，第三天生产了286个，平均每人生产多少个零件？列式为()A．(232＋258＋286)÷2B．(232＋258＋286)÷3C．(232＋258＋286)÷2÷34．五个人跳绳，亮亮每分钟跳100下，明明每分钟跳120下，华华每分钟跳140下，另外两个人跳的下数都比明明少，比亮亮多。

这五个人跳绳的下数的平均数()。

A．等于120B．大于100，小于120C．大于120，小于140四、我会应用。

三年级下数学单元评估检测题AB卷(B)-第八单元-苏教版

第八单元评估检测题（B卷）（时间：60分钟总分：100分）一、填空 (每1分，共33分)1.小数中间的点叫做，它的边是整数部分；它的边是小数部分。

2．四点二写作零点三写作0.7读作 13.5读作3．在○里填上“>”、“<”或“=”。

0.5○0.9 1.2○0.8 3.9○4.10.7米○7分米 3分米○0.4米 1.2元○9角4．把2.4、0.9、1.7、1.5、0.4从小到大排一排：5．雪碧每瓶2.5元牛奶，橙汁每瓶3.0元，酸奶每瓶1.8元，这三种饮品中，最贵的是，最便宜的是。

6．小明跳了3.2米，小高跳了2.8米，小军跳了4.1米，跳得远。

7．在数轴上填上适当的小数。

在填出的数中，更接近0.5，更接近1。

8．按规律填数。

(1) 0.5、1、1.5、2、、(2)3.1、4.2、5.3、6.4、、9. 0. < 0. 3. < .2二、判断（每题1分，共5分）1.小数都比整数小。

（）2.二分之一米也就是0.5米。

（）3.100米跑比赛，小明用了16.7秒，小华用了17.2秒，小明跑的快。

（）4.35分米写成小数就是3.5米。

（）5.1元2角还可以写成1.2元。

（）三、计算（共26分）1.直接写得数。

(每题1分，共16分)0.5+0.3= 5.1-0.2= 2.1+1.4= 0.7-0.3=3.5-1.9= 3.6+0.8= 1.5+0.9= 6.2-2.6=1.3-0.4= 7.3-2.5= 4.7+0.9= 5.6+1.7=6.4+1.8= 8.5-3.6= 4.5-2.1= 0.4+0.8=2.用竖式计算。

（每题2.5分，共10分）6.2+2.3= 4.8-1.6= 8.9+3.8= 6.1-3.8=四、解决问题（每题6分，共36分）1.填表。

2.《从小爱科学》每本3.7元，《趣味数学》比《从小爱科学》贵0.8元。

两本书一共多少元？3.竹竿全长5.6米插入水中后，露出水面部分长1.8米，水深多少米？4.小明做一套衣服，上衣用了1.7米，裤子用了0.8米。

2014版广西《复习方略》(数学文)单元评估检测(八)

关闭Word文档返回原板块。

单元评估检测(八)第八章(120分钟 150分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.(2013·贺州模拟)已知椭圆+=1(a>b>0)与双曲线-=1有相同的焦点,则椭圆的离心率为( )(A)(B)(C)(D)2.(2013·桂林模拟)若双曲线x2+ky2=1的焦点到它相应准线的距离是1,则k=( )(A)-(B)-(C)-1 (D)-23.(2013·北海模拟)在抛物线y2=4x上有一点G(m,n)(m>0,n>0),它到直线y=x 的距离为4,则的值为( )(A)(B)1 (C)2 (D)4.连接椭圆+=1(a>b>0)的一个焦点和一个顶点得到的直线方程为x-2y+2=0,则该椭圆的离心率为( )(A)(B)(C)(D)5.若双曲线mx2+ny2=1的一个焦点与抛物线y=x2的焦点相同,且双曲线的离心率为2,则该双曲线的方程为( )(A)y2-=1 (B)x2-=1(C)-=1 (D)-=16.已知m∈R,则“m>2”是“方程+y2=1表示椭圆”的( )(A)充分不必要条件(B)必要不充分条件(C)充要条件(D)既不充分也不必要条件7.设M(x0,y0)为抛物线C:y2=8x上一点,F为抛物线C的焦点,若以F为圆心,|FM|为半径的圆和抛物线C的准线相交,则x0的取值范围是( )(A)(2,+∞) (B)(4,+∞)(C)(0,2) (D)(0,4)8.(2013·南宁模拟)一双曲线以椭圆+=1长轴两端为焦点,其准线过椭圆的焦点,则双曲线渐近线的斜率是( )(A)±2 (B)±(C)±(D)±9.过双曲线-=1(a>0,b>0)的左焦点F(-c,0)(c>0),作圆x2+y2=的切线,切点为E,延长FE交双曲线右支于点P,若=(+),则双曲线的离心率为( )(A)(B)(C)(D)10.过抛物线y2=2px的焦点F作直线l交抛物线于A,B两点,O为坐标原点,则△AOB为( )(A)锐角三角形(B)直角三角形(C)不确定(D)钝角三角形11.(2013·防城港模拟)设双曲线-=1(a>0,b>0)的半焦距为c,离心率为,若直线y=kx与双曲线的一个交点的横坐标恰为c,则k等于( )(A)±(B)±(C)±(D)±12.(能力挑战题)设双曲线-=1(a>0,b>0)的右焦点为F,过点F作与x轴垂直的直线l交两渐近线于A,B两点,且与双曲线在第一象限的交点为P,设O为坐标原点,若=λ+μ(λ,μ∈R),λμ=,则该双曲线的离心率为( )(A)(B)(C)(D)二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.请把正确答案填在题中横线上)13.已知抛物线的方程是y2=8x,双曲线的右焦点是抛物线的焦点,离心率为2,则双曲线的渐近线方程是.14.抛物线y=-x2上的点到直线4x+3y-8=0的距离的最小值等于.15.已知直线ax+y+2=0与双曲线x2-=1的一条渐近线平行,则这两条平行直线之间的距离是.16.(能力挑战题)已知圆(x-3)2+(y+5)2=36和点A(2,2),B(-1,-2),若点C在圆上且△ABC的面积为,则满足条件的点C的个数是.三、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.(10分)(2012·大纲版全国卷)已知抛物线C:y=(x+1)2与圆M:(x-1)2+(y-)2 =r2(r>0)有一个公共点A,且在A处两曲线的切线为同一直线l.(1)求r.(2)设m,n是异于l且与C及M都相切的两条直线,m,n的交点为D,求D到l的距离.18.(12分)(2012·浙江高考)如图,椭圆C:+=1(a>b>0)的离心率为,其左焦点到点P(2,1)的距离为,不过原点O的直线l与C相交于A,B两点,且线段AB被直线OP平分.(1)求椭圆C的方程.(2)求△APB面积取最大值时直线l的方程.19.(12分)已知椭圆C:+=1(a>b>0)的离心率为,椭圆短轴的一个端点与两个焦点构成的三角形的面积为.(1)求椭圆C的方程.(2)已知动直线y=k(x+1)与椭圆C相交于A,B两点.①若线段AB中点的横坐标为-,求斜率k的值;②已知点M(-,0),求证:·为定值.20.(12分)(2012·湖南高考)在直角坐标系xOy中,已知中心在原点,离心率为的椭圆E的一个焦点为圆C:x2+y2-4x+2=0的圆心.(1)求椭圆E的方程.(2)设P是椭圆E上一点,过P作两条斜率之积为的直线l1,l2,当直线l1,l2都与圆C相切时,求P的坐标.21.(12分)(2013·柳州模拟)设椭圆M:+=1(a>)的右焦点为F 1,直线l:x=与x轴交于点A,若+2=0(其中O为坐标原点).(1)求椭圆M的方程.(2)设P是椭圆M上的任意一点,EF为圆N:x2+(y-2)2=1的任意一条直径(E,F为直径的两个端点),求·的最大值.答案解析1.【解析】选D.依题意得2a2-2b2=a2+b2.又2a2-2b2=c2,所以4a2=3c2,离心率e==,故选D.2.【解析】选 B.将双曲线化为标准方程为:-=1,由于双曲线焦点到相应准线的距离d=c-===1解得:k=-.3.【解析】选C.据题意有=4⇒|m-n|=8,结合图形可知抛物线在直线下方,即m>n,故有m-n=8,又(m,n)在抛物线上,故4m=n2,两式联立可得:m=16,n=8,故=2.4.【解析】选 A.直线x-2y+2=0与坐标轴的交点为(-2,0),(0,1),依题意得c=2,b=1⇒a=,e=.5.【解析】选A.抛物线焦点为(0,2),∴双曲线+=1中,m<0,n>0且∴∴双曲线方程为y2-=1.6.【解析】选A.因为m>2,所以m-1>1,此时方程+y2=1表示焦点在x轴上的椭圆,而当该方程表示椭圆时有m-1>1或0<m-1<1,即m>2或1<m<2.故为充分不必要条件.7.【解析】选A.∵(x0,y0)为抛物线C:y2=8x上一点,∴x0≥0,又∵以F为圆心,|FM|为半径的圆和抛物线C的准线相交,∴在水平方向上,点M应在点F的右侧,∴x0>2.8.【解析】选D.∵椭圆+=1的长轴两端点为(〒5,0),焦点为(〒4,0),∴双曲线-=1(a>0,b>0)的焦点为(〒5,0),准线方程为x=〒4,即解得∴b==,∴渐近线斜率k=〒=〒.9.【解析】选C.圆x2+y2=的半径为,由=(+)知,E是FP的中点,设F'(c,0),由于O是FF'的中点,所以OE∥PF',OE=PF'⇒PF'=2OE=a,由双曲线定义,知FP=3a,因为FP是圆的切线,切点为E,所以FP⊥OE,从而∠FPF'=90°,由勾股定理FP2+F'P2=FF'2⇒9a2+a2=4c2⇒e=.10.【解析】选D.设A,B的坐标分别为(x1,y1),(x2,y2),则〃=(x1,y1)〃(x2,y2)= x1x2+y1y2=+y1y2=-p2,又p2-p2=-p2<0,即〃<0,三角形为钝角三角形,选D.11.【解析】选A.∵双曲线的离心率为,∴=.如图所示,由题意知|P1F1|=.|k|====-=-=.∴k=〒.12.【解析】选C.双曲线的渐近线为:y=〒x,设焦点F(c,0),点A纵坐标大于零,则A(c,),B(c,-),P(c,),因为=λ+μ,所以(c,)=((λ+μ)c,(λ-μ)),所以λ+μ=1,λ-μ=,解得:λ=,μ=.又由λμ=,得:〓=,解得:=,所以e=.【方法技巧】求椭圆、双曲线离心率的技巧求离心率的值是解析几何中常见的问题,求解时,可根据题意列出关于a,b,c的相应等式,并把等式中的a,b,c转化为只含有a,c的齐次式,再转化为含e的等式,最后求出e.【变式备选】(2013〃桂林模拟)过椭圆C:+=1上任一点P作椭圆C的右准线的垂线PH(H为垂足),延长PH到点Q,使|HQ|=λ|PH|(λ≥1).当点P在C上运动时,点Q的轨迹的离心率的取值范围是( )(A)(,1) (B)[,1)(C)(,] (D)(0,]【解析】选B.如图,设Q(x0,y0),由|HQ|=λ|PH|(λ≥1)可得,x0-=λ(-x1),所以x1=,故P点坐标可为(,y0).又点P在椭圆上,可得,+=1,其方程对应曲线为椭圆,其中a=,c=,所以e===(λ≥1),∴e∈[,1)13.【解析】抛物线的焦点为(2,0),故(2,0)也是双曲线的右焦点,故双曲线中c=2,又e==2,故a=1,b=.∴渐近线方程是y=〒x.答案:y=〒x14.【解析】由抛物线的方程,可设抛物线上的点的坐标为(x,-x2),根据点到直线的距离公式,得d==(x-)2+,所以当x=时,d取得最小值.答案:15.【解析】双曲线x2-=1的渐近线为x2-=0,不妨设双曲线x2-=1的一条渐近线为2x-y=0,ax+y+2=0与2x-y=0平行,∴a=-2,在直线2x-y=0上取一点A(1,2),A 到ax+y+2=0的距离就是这两条平行直线之间的距离,即=.答案:16.【解析】∵A(2,2),B(-1,-2),∴|AB|=5,∵S△ABC=,∴此题转化为求圆上的点到直线AB的距离为1的点的个数,∵直线AB的方程为:4x-3y-2=0.而圆心(3,-5)到直线AB的距离d==5,半径r=6.∴圆上的点到直线4x-3y-2=0的距离为1的点有3个. 答案:317.【解析】(1)设A(x 0,+2x0+1),∵y=(x+1)2=x2+2x+1,∴y'=2x+2,则直线l的斜率k1=2x0+2.又∵圆M:(x-1)2+(y-)2=r2(r>0),则圆心M的坐标为(1,),直线MA的斜率k2=, 由题意知MA⊥l,∴k1〃k2=-1.即(2x0+2)〃=-1,整理得+3+3x 0=0,x 0(+3x0+3)=0,解得x0=0或+3x0+3=0.而方程+3x 0+3=0无解,∴x 0=0,则+2x0+1=1.即切点A(0,1).r==.(2)设(t,t2+2t+1)为C上一点,则在该点处的切线方程为y-(t2+2t+1)=2(t+1)(x-t),整理得y=2(t+1)x-t2+1.若该直线与圆M相切,则圆心到该切线的距离为,即=,化简得,t2(t2-4t-6)=0.解得t 0=0或t1=2+或t2=2-.抛物线C在点(t i,(t i+1)2)(i=0,1,2)处的切线分别为l,m,n,其方程分别为y=2x+1 ①y=2(t 1+1)x-+1 ②y=2(t 2+1)x-+1 ③②-③得x==2.将x=2代入②得y=-1,故D(2,-1),所以D到l的距离为d==.18.【解析】(1)左焦点(-c,0)到点P(2,1)的距离为=,解得c=1, 又离心率为,可得a2=4,所以b2=3,所以椭圆C的方程为+=1.(2)由题意可知,直线l不垂直于x轴,故可设直线l:y=kx+m(m≠0),交点A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),由消去y并整理得(4k2+3)x2+8kmx+4m2-12=0.∴x1+x2=-,x1x2=.∴AB的中点为(-,),而直线OP:y=x,可得=-,解得k=-,即直线l:y=-x+m,|AB|=〃=〃=2〃=,而点P(2,1)到直线l:y=-x+m的距离为d=.∴△APB面积为|AB|〃d=〃|8-2m|==其中m∈(-2,0)∪(0,2)令f(m)=(12-m2)(4-m)2,m∈(-2,0)∪(0,2),则f'(m)=4(m2-2m-6)(4-m)=4(m-1-)(m-1+)(4-m)所以当且仅当m=1-时,f(m)取得最大值,即S取得最大值.此时直线l:3x+2y+2-2=0.19.【解析】(1)因为+=1(a>b>0)满足a2=b2+c2,=,〓b〓2c=.解得a2=5,b2=,则椭圆C方程为+=1.(2)①设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则将y=k(x+1)代入+=1中得(1+3k2)x2+6k2x+3k2-5=0,Δ=36k4-4(3k2+1)(3k2-5)=48k2+20>0,x1+x2=-,因为AB中点的横坐标为-,所以-=-,解得k=〒.②由①知x1+x2=-,x1x2=,所以〃=(x1+,y1)〃(x2+,y2)=(x1+)〃(x2+)+y1y2=(x1+)(x2+)+k2(x1+1)(x2+1)=(1+k2)x1x2+(+k2)(x1+x2)++k2=(1+k2)+(+k2)(-)++k2=++k2=.【变式备选】已知椭圆+=1(a>b>0)的长半轴长为2,且点(1,)在椭圆上.(1)求椭圆的方程.(2)过椭圆右焦点的直线l交椭圆于A,B两点,若〃=0,求直线l方程.【解析】(1)由题意:a=2,所求椭圆方程为+=1,又点(1,)在椭圆上,可得b=1,所求椭圆方程为+y2=1.(2)由(1)知a2=4,b2=1,所以c=,椭圆右焦点为(,0).因为〃=0.若直线AB的斜率不存在,则直线AB的方程为x=.直线AB交椭圆于(,),(,-)两点,〃=3-≠0,不合题意.若直线AB的斜率存在,设斜率为k,则直线AB的方程为y=k(x-).由可得(1+4k2)x2-8k2x+12k2-4=0.由于直线AB过椭圆右焦点,可知Δ>0.设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则x1+x2=,x1x2=.y 1y2=k2(x1-)(x2-)=k2[x 1x2-(x1+x2)+3]=.所以〃=x1x2+y1y2=+=.由〃=0,得=0,可得k2=,k=〒.所以直线l的方程为y=〒(x-).20.【解析】(1)由x2+y2-4x+2=0,得(x-2)2+y2=2.故圆C的圆心为点(2,0);从而可设椭圆E的方程为+=1(a>b>0),其焦距为2c,由题设知c=2,e==,∴a=2c=4,b2=a2-c2=12.故椭圆E的方程为:+=1.(2)设点P的坐标为(x0,y0),l1,l2的斜率分别为k1,k2,则l1,l2的方程分别为l1:y-y0=k1(x-x0),l2:y-y0=k2(x-x0),且k1k2=.由l1与圆C:(x-2)2+y2=2相切得=.即[(2-x 0)2-2]+2(2-x0)y0k1+-2=0.同理可得[(2-x 0)2-2]+2(2-x0)y0k2+-2=0.从而k1,k2是方程[(2-x 0)2-2]k2+2(2-x0)y0k+-2=0的两个实根,于是①且k1k2==.由得5-8x 0-36=0.解得x0=-2,或x0=.由x0=-2得y0=〒3;由x0=得y0=〒,它们均满足①式,故点P的坐标为(-2,3),或(-2,-3),或(,),或(,-).21.【解析】(1)由题设知,A(,0),F 1(,0),由+2=0,得=2(-),解得a2=6.所以椭圆M的方程为:+=1.(2)方法一:设圆N:x2+(y-2)2=1的圆心为N,则〃=(-)〃(-)=(--)〃(-)=-=-1.从而求〃的最大值转化为求的最大值.因为P是椭圆M上的任意一点,设P(x0,y0),所以+=1,即=6-3.因为点N(0,2),所以=+(y 0-2)2=-2(y0+1)2+12.[-,],所以当y0=-1时,取得最大值12.因为y所以〃的最大值为11.方法二:设点E(x1,y1),F(x2,y2),P(x0,y0),因为E,F的中点坐标为(0,2),所以所以〃=(x1-x0)(x2-x0)+(y1-y0)(y2-y0)=(x1-x0)(-x1-x0)+(y1-y0)(4-y1-y0)=-+-+4y1-4y0+-4y1).=+-4y因为点E在圆N上,所以+(y 1-2)2=1,即+-4y 1=-3.因为点P在椭圆M上,所以+=1,即=6-3.所以〃=-2-4y 0+9=-2(y0+1)2+11.因为y[-,],所以当y0=-1时,(〃)max=11.【方法技巧】解决解析几何中最值问题的常用方法解析几何中的最值问题是高考考查的一个重要方向,既可以出现在选择题、填空题中,也可以出现在解答题中,根据待求量的特点,常用以下两种思想方法: (1)数形结合思想:当待求量有几何意义时,一般利用其几何性质,数形结合求解.(2)函数思想:当待求量与其他变量有关时,一般引入该变量构造函数,然后求最值,但要注意待求量的取值范围.22.【解析】(1)设A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),抛物线方程为y=x2,求导得y'=x,所以,过抛物线上A,B两点的切线方程分别为:y=x 1(x-x 1)+y 1,y=x 2(x-x 2)+y 2, 即y=x 1x-,y=x 2x-,解得M(,).又=λ(λ>0), 得(-x 1,8-y 1)=λ(x 2,y 2-8),即1212x x 8y (y 8) -=λ⎧⎨-=λ-⎩ ①，②，将式①两边平方并代入y 1=,y 2=得y 1=λ2y 2,再代入②得λy 2=8,解得y 1=8λ,y 2=,且有x 1x 2=-λ=-4λy 2=-32. 所以点M 的纵坐标为-8.(2)考虑到AB ∥x 轴时,显然要使∠AQP=∠BQP, 则点Q 必定在y 轴上, 设点Q(0,t),此时k AQ =,k BQ =,由题AB 与x 轴不垂直,设其方程y=kx+8. A(x 1,y 1),B(x 2,y 2). 由可得x 2-4kx-32=0,x 1+x 2=4k,x 1x 2=-32. 故k AQ +k BQ =+==0,对一切k 恒成立,即:k(8+t)=0.故当t=-8,即Q(0,-8)时,使得无论A,B 怎样运动,都有∠AQP=∠BQP.【变式备选】直角梯形ABCD 中,∠DAB=90°,AD ∥BC,|AB|=2,|AD|=,|BC|=.椭圆C1以A,B为焦点且经过点D.(1)建立适当坐标系,求椭圆C1的方程.(2)若点E满足=,问是否存在不平行AB的直线l与椭圆C1交于M,N两点且|ME|=|NE|,若存在,求出直线l斜率的取值范围;若不存在,说明理由.【解析】(1)如图,以AB所在直线为x轴,AB中垂线为y轴建立直角坐标系,所以A(-1,0),B(1,0),设椭圆方程为+=1(a>b>0),令x=c⇒y=.∴⇒∴椭圆C1的方程是+=1.(2)=⇒E(0,),l⊥AB时不符,设l:y=kx+m(k≠0),由⇒(3+4k2)x2+8kmx+4m2-12=0,M,N存在⇒Δ>0⇒64k2m2-4(3+4k2)〃(4m2-12)>0⇒4k2+3>m2.设M(x1,y1),N(x2,y2),MN的中点F(x0,y0),∴x0==-,y0=kx0+m=,|ME|=|NE|⇒MN⊥EF⇒=-⇒=-⇒m=-,∴4k2+3>(-)2,∴4k2+3<4,∴0<k2<,∴-<k<且k≠0,∴存在直线l,且l斜率的取值范围是(-,0)∪(0,).关闭Word文档返回原板块。

2023年牛津深圳版八年级英语下册Unit8单元检测(附答案)

Unit8单元检测一、单项选择（共15小题；共15分）1. I hope I'll travel all over the world one day.A. the next dayB. in the futureC. at that timeD. the whole day2. The news about the missing plane broke many people's hearts. We hope the passengers can comeback home safely.A. lost many people's livesB. cheered many people upC. made many people sadD. surprised many people3. Look! He is dancing at the moment.A. in the presentB. in the pastC. for some timeD. in a second4. We were getting ready for the picnic when you called us.A. thinking aboutB. looking forC. talking aboutD. preparing for5. The teacher was satisfied with what the student said.A. angryB. pleasedC. excitedD. surprised6. Tom is good playing basketball. It's good his health.A. at; atB. at; forC. for; forD. for; at7. --- What were you doing your mother was cooking at 11:00 this morning?--- Oh, I was watching a cartoon.A. untilB. whileC. unlessD. if8. I was very excited I heard the news that the high-speed rail would be built fromGuangzhou to Xiamen.A. afterB. whenC. untilD. while9. Sherlock Homes asked the suspect what he when the murder took place.A. was doingB. has doneC. is doingD. would do10. --- What were you doing at 8:00 last Sunday?--- I rubbish with my classmates by Zijiang River.A. picked upB. am picking upC. was picking upD. have picked11. --- Do you know when Jay here tomorrow?--- Sorry, I don't know. But when he here tomorrow, I'll tell you at once.A. gets; getsB. gets; will getC. will get; will getD. will get; gets12. --- Have you finished the poster for the party?--- Not yet. I it in two days.A. finishB. finishedC. will finish13. I have lots of trouble the maths problem. Can you help me?A. solveB. solvedC. to solveD. solving14. You'd better in the river alone.A. don't swimB. not to swimC. not swimD. not swimming15. Yunnan is beautiful and I'm visiting it again.A. keeping clear ofB. suffering fromC. looking forward toD. running away from二、补全短文（共10小题；共10分）Last Sunday, I was walking in a park. There was a mom and her three-year-old daughter 16. (walk) before me. The little girl 17. (hold) a balloon(气球).Suddenly, a strong wind blew away 18. balloon from the little girl's hand. I got worried and began to wait for the girl 19. (start) crying.But no! When the little girl turned to watch 20. (she) balloon fly away, she shouted out, "Wow!"I didn't realize it that moment 21. that little girl really taught me something.Later that day, I got a phone call 22. a person with a problem. When I wanted to say" Oh, no 23. should we do?" I remembered that little girl. Then I found myself 24. (say), "Wow, that's interesting! How can I help you?" Then 25. (thing) went well.三、完形填空（共10小题；共15分）202X is coming. That's to say that some things will come to an end, and 26 things will start. It's time for us to achieve New Year's resolutions. Well, what are my New Year's 27 ?For studying, I'm not good at 28 . In the coming year, I will try my best to study hard at it. I'm going to write down all the 29 points in physics class. In English, I am not the best, either. So in order to improve it, I 30 to read more English books, do more schoolwork and listen to the English teacher carefully. For 31 I think good health is very necessary. So, I plan to eat better and exercise more. Of course, I will 32 spend more time helping my parents with some housework.The main thing is that I want to make a fresh 33 in the new year. I will try to hold time to 34 I'll be able to study in a good high school in the future. I 35 my dream can come true. 202X, I'm coming!26. A. other B. most C. many D. few27. A. holidays B. relationship C. resolutions D. education28. A. math B. physics C. Chinese D. science29. A. easy B. difficult C. interesting D. important30. A. promise B. agree C. refuse D. choose31. A. work B. life C. hobby D. plan32. A. probably B. hardly C. never D. seriously33. A. end B. beginning C. prediction D. shape34. A. find out B. bring out C. think up D. make sure35. A. believe B. accept C. suppose D. wonder四、阅读理解（共10小题；共20分）AClass Three had an interesting class meeting last week. Here is what four of them said.36. The students in Class Three mainly discussed in the class meeting last week.A. the jobs in the futureB. the future dreamsC. the future environmentD. the predictions of the future37. What did Mei Mei talk about in the last class meeting?A. The possible food in the future.B. The 40th Olympic Games.C. Cloning in 2050.D. Robots in 50 years.38. Who thinks that people can spend their holidays on the moon in the future?A. Li Lei.B. Wei Hua.C. Lin Tao.D. Mei Mei.39. Robots will probably in the future according to the information.A. talk to peopleB. teach studentsC. build new homesD. do something boring40. Which is RIGHT according to the information?A. Lin Tao was 14 years old in 202X.B. People will only have medicine pills in the future.C. 2052 will be the year of China.D. We won't probably see many of today's animals in 2050.BFor the coming festival, what gifts will you give to make your friends feel special? Here are some teenagers'ideas.Li Hua, 14, Beijing No. 6 High School.My class will have a gift exchange party. We will have a small talent show. Many of us had the gifts ready a week ago. I believe that the boys will get toys, stationary(文具) or sweets, and girls would like to get dolls or accessories.The biggest fun is that we won't know from whom we'll receive a gift and who will receive our gifts. The computer will decide everything! Our teacher hopes the activity will help us get to know each other better.Wu Meishan, 16, Haikou No.2 High School in HainanAlthough my birthday was in November, I'll get a special birthday gift from my classmates this week. My classroom has been decorated with colorful ribbons(丝带) and Christmas balls. Someone told me that there will be a huge birthday cake and that a personal gift will be sent with best wishes. I'm looking forward to the exciting moment!SuWei, 17, Lanzhou Foreign Language School in GansuI'm still enjoying the gifts I received on Christmas Eve.Nowadays traditional greeting cards are being replaced with apples and sweets. I got more than 20 apples this Christmas, which means I sent a similar number of apples out. I think apples are healthier, more environment-friendly gifts than cards sent through the post.41. Before the gift exchange party, Li Hua knows .A. what she will send to her classmatesB. who will receive her giftC. who will give her a giftD. that she can get sweets42. In Wu Meishan's classroom, we cant see during the collective birthday party.A. some colorful ribbonsB. some Christmas ballsC. a huge birthday cakeD. some mobile accessories43. What did Su Wei give others on Christmas Eve?A. Greeting cards.B. Sweets.C. More than 20 apples.D. Nothing.44. Where is Su Wei from?A. He is from the east of China.B. He is from the south of China.C. He is from the north of China.D. He is from the west of China.45. From the passage we can know .A. as Christmas gifts, apples are bestB. the teenagers have the same ideas about giftsC. the teenagers hope to receive and send expensive giftsD. the teenagers like to show their wishes with different gifts五、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)（共5小题；共5分）46. Now, we can search for some information easily on the I .47. You are wrong, so you should give him an a .48. He took out some water and milk and then m them together.49. The light music usually makes me r a lot.50. Look! The clock is in the s of a heart.六、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)（共5小题；共5分）51. Don't say that. It isn't your (借口).52. The boy is standing on the (宽) table.53. It seems that nothing (使满意) him.54. He has read five novels (最近).55. We will remember the heroes (永远).七、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)（共5小题；共5分）56. 在教室的前面有一块黑板。

2014高中历史一轮复习必修一单元评估检测(八)

单元评估检测（八）第八单元(45分钟100分)一、选择题(本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分)1.(2013·无锡模拟)右图是1952年的一幅苏联漫画，漫画中较小的美国政治家在呼吁“和平、防卫、裁军”，较大的美国军人正在欧洲地图上勾画，关于该漫画说法不正确的是( )A.美苏两国由战时盟友变成战后对手B.美国与苏联在欧洲各自划分势力范围C.冷战如火如荼地进行D.两极格局正式形成2.(2013·南通一模)下列图片反映了某一历史时期的重大事件，它们的出现都是由于( )A．两极格局框架的奠定B．北约与华约的激烈对抗C．世界多极化趋势加强D．美国与苏联的冷战对峙3.(2013·泰州模拟)1947年6月5日，美国国务卿马歇尔在哈佛大学发表演说：“美国应尽力协助世界回复至经济健全的常态……我们的任务是唤起合理经济的再生，促使政治社会的结构容纳自由制度存在。

我相信这种援助，在危机深重的时候，决不能根据零星解决的办法。

美国政府未来的援助，应该不仅是缓和物，而是彻底的治疗。

”马歇尔发表该演说的真实意图是( )A.帮助世界恢复经济B.唤起合理经济的再生C.与苏联争夺世界霸权D.扶植西欧国家，拉拢东欧国家，遏制共产主义4.(2013·扬州模拟)《15世纪以来世界九强兴衰史》指出：“回顾历史，英国是在500年前开始走出欧洲的；现在，它转了500年的一个圈，似乎又回到了以前的起点。

仔细观察它在当今这个世界上的实际地位，英国确实回到了欧洲，回到了原点。

”对此理解不正确的是( )A.英国曾经是世界的领导者B.英国依旧承担着欧洲的实际领导者角色C.英国的世界影响力起伏大D.英国的走出和回归体现了其兴衰的历程5.(2013·南京模拟)1945年12月美国总统说：“我感到毫无疑问的是，俄国意图入侵土耳其，攫取从黑海通往地中海的海峡。

除非让俄国看到铁拳和听到强硬的语言，另一次战争就很难避免。

小学数学：第八单元评估检测题与答案讲评(A卷)苏教版三下

第八单元评估检测题（A 卷）（时间：60分钟总分：100分）一、填空(每空1分，共35分)1. 6分米是1米的 ) () ( ，是 )() ( 米，用小数表示可以写成（）米，读作（）。

2.3角是1元的) ()(，是) ()(元，写成小数是( )元。

3.8.5的整数部分是（），小数部分是（）。

4.1.9米是（）米（）分米，2.4元是（）元（）角。

5.在（）里填上合适的小数。

6.在括号里填上合适的小数。

6分米 =（）米 3元1角 =（）元7角 =（）元 5米2分米 =（）米3厘米 =（）分米 1分米7厘米 =（）分米7.在○里填上“＞”或“＜”。

0.7 ○ 0.5 4.1 ○ 1.4 3.9 ○ 4.80.6 ○ 0.8 5.2 ○ 2.7 0.9 ○ 1.18.按规律填数。

（1）0.2、0.5、0.8、、（2）0.9、0.8、0.7、、（3）0.3、1.2、3.3、、二、判断题（每题1分，共5分）1.小数都比整数小。

( )2.7分米是0.7分米。

( )3.6.5读作：六五。

( )4.0.8米里面有8个0.1米。

（） 5.3.5 + 2.7 = 5.2 ()三、计算（共30分）1．口算。

（每题1分，共 12分）0.5 + 0.3 = 9.1－0.9 = 0.4 +8.3 = 6.1－1.6 =0.9－0.3 = 0.5－0.2 = 4.8－0.9 = 1.6－0.5 =1.1－0.6 = 6. 8 + 0.4= 3.2－1.7 = 5.2 + 4.9 =2．用竖式计算。

（每题3分，共 18分）0.9 + 1.5 0.7－0.6 2.7－1.86.1－0.5 3.2 + 1.9 9.1 +3.7四、解决问题（每题6分，共30分）1.买1千克苹果5.2元，买1千克梨2.4元，这两种水果各买1千克共需多少元？买1千克苹果比买1千克梨应多付多少元？2.我国是一个水源贫乏的国家，三年级同学开展了节约用水的活动，三（1）班同学一周节约用水5.3吨，比三（2）班同学多节约了0.4吨，三（2）班同学一周节约用水多少吨？3.工地上有一堆煤共重5.6吨，第一次运走2.1吨，第二次运走2.7吨。

(2020新中考题型)人教版新目标八年级英语英语下册Unit8单元检测题(含听力+答案)

2019-2020学年度第二学期八年级英语单元检测题（八）Class_________ No._________Name_________Marks_________一、听力理解(本大题分为A、B、C、D四部分，共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)A.听单句(本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分)根据所听句子的内容和所提的问题，选择符合题意的图画回答问题，每小题听一遍。

( )1. Where was Jackie Chan born?( )2. What present did Bob get from his mother?( )3. What does Tony’s father want him to be?( )4. What are they doing?( )5. Which picture is right for the passage?B.听对话(本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分)根据每段对话的内容回答后面的问题，在每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

每段对话听两遍。

听第一段对话，回答第6小题。

( )6. What are they talking about?A. A stone.B. A tree.C. A cat.听第二段对话，回答第7小题。

( )7. What does the boy want to do?A. To play volleyball.B. To play football.C. To play basketball. 听第三段对话，回答第8小题。

( )8. Which book has the girl read?A. Alice in Wonderland.B. Robinson Crusoe.C. Treasure Island.听第四段对话，回答第9小题。

( )9. What has Tom found on the island?A. An old car.B. An old ship.C. An old plane.听第五段对话，回答第10小题。

部编五年级语文下册第八单元评价检测试卷(有答案)

部编五年级语文下册第八单元评价检测试卷（时间：100分钟满分：100分）一、看拼音，写词语。

(8分）qi áo li áng z ào y ì s āo y ǎng ni ǔ k òu ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )f ù y ōng z ēng è qi áng y ìng xi àng m ào ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )二、用“√”给加点字选择正确的读音。

(4分） 1．猛然间，一个浪头吞没．（ m ò m éi ）了那艘轮船。

2．炮弹在您的身边爆炸，您倒在血泊．（ p ō b ó ）里。

3．我站在骆驼面前，看它们咀嚼．（ ji áo ju é ）的样子。

4．重．（ zh òng ch óng ）重叠叠的山峰已经看得见了。

三、把下面的词语补充完整，再按要求填空，并选择一个词造句。

(9分）杯( )车( ) 完( )归( )势( )可( ) 养( )处( ) ( )不及( ) ( )( )忘食美( )美( ) ( )( )堂堂四、下面各组词语搭配有误的一项是（）。

（3分） A ．姿态优美相貌堂皇体态秀丽 B ．轻盈的身体澄澈的湖面奇妙的问题 C ．情不自禁地笑绞尽脑汁地想莫名其妙地说 D ．发现规律发明工具发明秘密乡（镇）学校姓名班级考号学号密封线答题线五、给下列句中的加点词换个词语，保持句意不变。

(4分）1．他永远不受外物冲撞，所以曲线优美，处处显示着养尊处优．．．．。

( )2．有一次我想起了自己的发现，情不自禁．．．．地笑出了声音。

( )3．我绞尽脑汁．．．．地思考这个问题的答案。

( )4．当时教室里安静得出奇，大家都默不作声．．．．。

( )六、给加点字选择正确的解释。

五年级下册英语试题Unit8单元检测试卷及答案牛津译林版含答案

第八单元达标检测卷听力部分(30分)一、根据你所听到的内容，选出正确的选项。

（10分）( )1．A. birthday B. Friday C. Febuary ( )2．A. hero B. here C. there ( )3．A. August B. apple C. April ( )4．A. big B. bag C. dog ( )5．A. please B. parent C. present ( )6．A. class B. grass C.glass( )7．A. answer B. ask C. circle ( )8．A. fifth B. fifteenth C.five ( )9．A.5月1日 B.2月10日 C.2月11日( )10．A. wait B. kite C. white二、听录音，选出正确的应答。

（共5分）( ) 1. A. It’s S unday. B. It’s sunny today. C. It’s the first of May.( ) 2. A. His birthday’s on the Second of November.B. My birthd ay’s on the first of June.C. Her birthday’s on t he fifth of March.( )3. Ａ. They’re purple. Ｂ. They’re red. Ｃ. It’s purple.( ) 4. A. I like a cake. B. I’d li ke an egg, please. C. Yes, I’d like a cake.( ) 5. A. Yes, she does B. Yes, he can. C. Yes ,he does.三、听录音，根据所听内容用数字给下列句子排序。

（听两遍）（7分）（）Tom usually goes to school with Ben.（）My uncle’s son is my cousin.（）Do you like Dragon Boat Festival?（）The boy with short hair is my brother.（）It’s time for bre akfast.（）There are a lot of animals in the zoo.（）There are some cakes on the table .四、听录音，补全对话。

2022年人教版八年级上册U8单元检测附答案

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake单元测试题一、单项选择1. Careful! Or you will __ the car.A. turnB. turn intoC. turn overD. turn on2. Excuse me. Whose __ is the nextA. isB. turnC. onD. take turn3. Please __ your homework.A. turn inB. make inC. hand inD. interested in4. Would you mind __ the CD The baby is asleep.A. closingB. turning upC. turning downD. turn down5. Let me see the cover of the book if you __ the book.A. turn intoB. take turnsC. turn downD. turn over6. Tom saw a man __ room carefully.A. to walk intoB. entering intoC. walking intoD. to enter7. Do you see JohnNo, but just now, he still __ the room.A. is inB. was inC. intoD. was into8. You had better read the __ before you use the ice-box.A. ingredientB. instructionC. introductionD. structure9. The water in the Yellow river in winter is much __ than in summer.A. littleB. fewerC. lessD. more10. The books on the table is __ than those on that table.A. fewB. lessC. fewerD. most11. A number of animals __ on the earth because of pollution.A. disappearB. appearC. disappearsD. appears12. The number of animals on the earth __ more than 1 million.A. areB. disappearC. appearD. is13. A great deal of __ are canceled .(被取消)A. tradeB. businessC. marketD. deals14. The ground __ when the earthquake happened.A. is shakingB. was shakingC. was movingD. is keeping15. Would you like to pass me __A. two cakesB. two piece of cakeC. two pieces of cakesD. two pieces of cake16. __ is over 1000.A. A number of workersB. the number of workersC. a number17. He told me __ of income.A. amountB. the amountC. an amount二、完形填空完型填空We all know that it is __1__to keep healthy. But not all people know ___2__to keep healthy. Afterfive days' hard work, we need to have a good rest at weekends. But it seems that some don't know how to spend weekends in the right way. They enjoy ___3__ cards at night and don't go to bed until midnight or even later. Some gamble (赌博) all night. They forget that to get___4__sleep is essential (必要的) for health. Some never get up early in the __5___ and take some exercise. It is true that doing exercise is very important for us to keep ___6__.Some smoke a lot. They forget that __7___ smokers are more likely (可能) to have lung cancer (肺癌) than those who don't smoke. Some drink too much wine. ____8___ too much is harmful (有害) to the body. Some eat too much rich food and get fatter and fatter. If you are much too fat, you may always ____9___ tired. Vegetables are good to the body. But some don't like eating vegetables. _____10___ is also very good to body. As a saying (谚语) goes, "An apple every day keeps the doctor away." So don't forget to eat some fruit.( ) 1. A. important B. good C. nice D. happy( ) 2. A. when B. how C. what D. why( ) 3. A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays( ) 4. A. much B. many C. a little D. enough( ) 5. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. day( ) 6. A. health B. healthy C. clear D. up( ) 7. A. light B. heavy C. good D. strong( ) 8. A. Drink B. Drinking C. Eat D. Smoke( ) 9. A. are B. keep C. say D. feel( ) 10. A. Water B. Milk C. Tea D. Fruit三、阅读理解1. "You are welcome to have dinner with me on Sunday," said John. "But I don't know where yourhouse is." said Herry."It's easy. You get off the bus. Then you cross the road. You take the first road on the left. You walk for five minutes. Then you come to a big tree. You take the second on the right after the tree. About one hundred meters down this road there is a big red house. You go past the big house, and after about hundred meters, you'll see a small yellow house beside a little tree. Open the door with your foot.""With my foot" said Henry."Why yes," said John, "well, you won't come to my house with empty hands, will you" ( ) 1. From the story we know that John asked Henry _______.A. to go to the cinemaB. to have supper with JimC. to go to the bus stop( ) 2. "You take the first on the left" means _______.A. go ahead on the leftB. take the first bus on the leftC. take the first road on the left.( ) 3. How far is it from the big tree to the big red houseA. about one hundred meters away.B. five minutes' walk.C. about five hundreds feet( ) 4. Where was John's house It was ____.A. on the right after the big houseB. a small yellow houseC. beside a little tree.( ) 5. Why did John asked Henry to open the door with his foot Because Henry _______.A. had no handsB. was afraid to open with his handsC. would carry a lot of things in his hands.2. E-mail: PartyFrom: 11350@ (Lisa Raster)To: Jenny Smith@ yahoo (Jenny Smith)Subject: Party!!!__________________________________________________.Hi Jenny. Listen, I'm having a party this Friday at my house. Just a few friends will be there. Mostly they 're from the office. My boyfriend Tom will also come. He's a nice guy. I want you to meet him.Do you want to come We'll play games and talk. Then we'll eat dinner. Everybody will bring food or drinks. The party is this Friday. It starts at 4:00 PM. It will end at 8 or 9 PM.We'l1 have a great time! Can you come I hope so ! Let me know soon. Call me or send me an e-mail.Lisa( ) 1. "Mostly they're friends from the office." What does "friends from the office" meanA. Lisa's co-workers.B. Living at the company.C. Tom's co--workers.( ) 2. They will eat _______at the party.A. breakfastB. lunchC. dinner( ) 3. Who will not go to the partyA. All of Jenny's friends.B. Somebody's boyfriend.C. Lisa's friends..( ) 4. What is true about the partyA. Many people will go.B. It will last four or five hours.C. It's on the weekend.( ) 5. What will Jenny do firstA.Buy food for the party.B. Call Tom.C. Send an e--mall to Lisa.四、写作请你写一篇制作玉米花(popcorn)的小短文。

单元评价检测(八)

关闭Word文档返回原板块。

单元评价检测（八)（Unit 8)(45分钟100分)第Ⅰ卷(共60分）一、听力选择（10分)(一）录音中有五组对话，每组对话听一遍，然后从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答每个问题的正确答案.（5分)1. Does Frank have a soccer ball?A. Yes，he is。

B。

Yes，he does。

C。

No, he doesn’t.2. Do they play sports every day？A。

No, they don’t。

B。

Yes，they do。

C. No，they aren’t。

3。

Do they have a tennis ball?A。

Yes, they are. B。

No，they don’t.C. Yes, they do.4。

Does Ed have a ping—pong bat?A。

Yes, he does。

B. No, he d oesn’t。

C. I don’t know.5。

Does Anna play basketball?A. Yes，he does。

B. Yes, she does.C。

No, she doesn’t。

【听力材料】1。

W：Do you have a basketball, Frank？M：No, I don’t. But I have a soccer ball。

2. M：Do you play sports every day?W：No, I don’t. What about you?M：I don’t，either。

3. M: Let’s play tennis.W: That sounds great.4。

W: Excuse me，Ed. Do you have a ping-pong ball？M：Yes, I do.W: Let's play ping—pong。

八年级英语下册Unit 8 单元检测试题(含答案解析)

八年级英语下册Unit 8 单元检测试题（含答案解析）I. 单项选择。

1．I haven’t cleaned the room _______．I’ll do it right away．A．already B．justC．yet D．ever2．They are too busy and have _______ things to do．A．much too B．too muchC．so much D．so many3．—May I speak to Jenny?—Sorry．She’s ______ the supermarket．A．gone to B．gone inC．been to D．been in4．The man came to the town in 2009；he ______ there for four years． A．live B．livedC．will live D．has lived5．—Where is Jim?—He _______ to the school library．A．went B．has beenC．has gone D．goes6．—How long have you _______ the computer?—For about two months．A．bought B．borrowedC．lent D．had7．They are looking forward _______ their new English teacher．A．to meeting B．to meetC．met D．meeting8．Thanks ______ your help，we could finish the work on time．A．by B．of C．in D．to9．The boy broke the window．He didn’t want someone to ______．A．find out B．seeC．look D．look for10．She ______ the book for nearly three weeks．A．has borrowed B．has lentC．has bought D．has kept11．—Is this your schoolbag?—Yes，it is．It belongs to _______．A．I B．me C．my D．mine12．—I have finished _______ the model plane．Would you like to see it? —Sure．A．make B．madeC．making D．to make13．The rich man has five _______ dollars．He is generous and he has decided to give away some money to charity．A．million B．millionsC．million of D．millions of14．The good news made me _______ excited．A．feel B．to feelC．felt D．feeling15．We plan to travel around．But we haven’t decided where _______． A．go B．goingC．went D．to goII. 完形填空。

2020春七年级历史与社会下册第八单元文明探源质量评估试卷(含解析)新人教版

第八单元质量评估试卷(分数：100分考试时间：90分钟)一、选择题(本大题有20小题，每小题2分，共40分)1．从北京人、山顶洞人的择洞而居到半坡、河姆渡人的建造房屋过定居生活，是人类发展史上的一大进步。

在人们居住条件改变中起决定因素的是( C )A．生产工具的改进B．种植技术的发展C．建筑技术的进步D．饲养水平的提高【解析】我国原始农耕生活是从河姆渡原始居民和半坡原始居民开始的。

原始农耕的出现，使原始居民有了稳定的生活来源，由于建筑技术的进步，河姆渡原始居民和半坡原始居民开始建造房屋，过着定居生活。

2．“囊古之世，无君无臣。

穿井而饮，耕田而食，日出而作，日入而息……”这是古书里讲述我国远古人类生活情况的一段话。

最符合材料描述的远古人类是( A )A．河姆渡人B．北京人C．山顶洞人D．元谋人【解析】元谋人、北京人和山顶洞人均生活在旧石器时代，这一时期的人类还不懂得凿井取水和农耕，仍处于采集和渔猎阶段；河姆渡人生活在新石器时代，A项符合题意。

3．人类社会迈进文明时代的标志是( C )①村落的产生②火的利用③阶级的分化④国家的出现⑤文字的发明A．①②③ B．①③④C．③④⑤ D．②③⑤【解析】一般来说，文字的发明和国家的形成是人类跨入文明时代的标志，而国家不是从来就有的，它是生产力发展到一定阶段，阶级产生的时候才出现的，是阶级矛盾不可调和的产物。

4．学习了“大河流域的文明发祥地”这一知识点后，某班同学计划以此为素材，设计一节活动课。

你认为下列不能作为活动课主题的是( D )A．自然地理环境与人类文明的关系B．从尼罗河到恒河之旅C．世界文明的多元化D．原始人类的代表【解析】注意题干中的“大河流域”四个字，原始人类与此没有关联。

5．下图为世界古代文明发祥地之一，该地属于( B )A．黄河流域B．两河流域C．尼罗河流域D．印度河流域【解析】从地图中的“幼发拉底河”和“底格里斯河”可知此处为两河流域。

6．下列遗址或出土的文物中，能够反映当时社会上已经出现了自然崇拜和祖先崇拜的有( A )①青海出土的舞蹈纹彩陶盆②东北辽河流域的牛河梁女神庙遗址③河南濮阳市西水坡出土的龙虎堆塑④良渚遗址的一处墓葬中出土的玉琮等大量玉器A．①②③ B．②③④C．①③④ D．①②④7．1945年，中国人民取得了抗日战争的伟大胜利，这一年属于________。

人教版英语八年级下册单元检测卷 Unit 8 (测基础)

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?（测基础）一、单选题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1. Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and ______ is noisy.A. anotherB. the otherC. otherD. others2. The water_____ dark and dirty. It's no longer safe to drink.A. becameB. has becomeC. will becomeD. was becoming3. My first teacher Mrs. Jones made a big difference to my life and I'll remember her ________.A. neverB. foreverC. hardlyD. recently4. Though she moved to another country, she said she loves her homeland_________.A. foreverB. neverC. hardlyD. recently5. It's an interesting city. You can see both ancient buildings and ________ buildings there.A. oldB. tidyC. modernD. high6. The old man and his wife have lived in the small village ________ they retired.A. ever sinceB. even thoughC.as soon asD. until7. Bob has got good exam results. His parents are proud of his _________.A. dreamB. chanceC. ideaD. success8.—Is that man Mr. Zhang?—It ________ be him. He went to Beijing for a meeting yesterday.A. can'tB. mustn'tC. needn't9. Jack has learned more about teamwork (团队合作) _______ he joined the soccer team.A. untilB. sinceC. whileD. thought10. I'm very strong, so nothing will make me _______ my mind.A. changeB.to changeC. changing11. Every year, _____ books are donated to the children in poor areas.A. millionB. millionsC. millions ofD. million of12.—Look! Somebody _____ the lights.—Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it.A. turns offB. is turning offC. was turning offD. has turned off13.—Look! Someone _____ the icebox back to the corner.—Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it.A. has movedB.is movingC. was moving14.一So beautiful flowers! I can't decide ______ for my mom.—For Mother's Day, it can't be better to take some carnations (康乃馨).A. when to chooseB. which to chooseC. how to choose15.—When will you give the novel back to me?—Sorry, I ______ it. How about Friday?A. didn't finishB. won't finishC. haven't finishedD. don't finish二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）One day an angel (天使)came across three peas. She said she could help each of them achieve a dream.The first pea wanted to fly in the sky, and the second one's __1__ was to swim in the sea. The third one said it had been looking forward to going to a place where it could bring happiness to others. The angel __2__them where they wanted to go. The first pea fell onto the__3__after a long flight and was eaten by a hen. The second one sank into the sea and had to stay in the darkness lonely all its life. The third one flew into a flower pot (花盆) whose owner was a poor little girl. Having been ill for a long time, she was very __4__ and couldn't go outside.One day, when the girl was walking as usual in the house, she__5__a small pea plant in the flower pot. Though the plant only had two tiny leaves, it seemed to be cheerful. When a light__6_ came, it danced and seemed to be encouraging the girl to cheer up. "I will grow up like this plant and I will be better soon," she said in a confident voice. From then on, the girl staved beside the little pea plant, watched it and talked with it. Day by day the plant grew taller and taller, and __7__the little girl became better and better. Finally, the pea plant flowered and the girl returned to her __8__.Then the angel came. The pea plant waved its leaves to her and said, Look! My dream has come true and I feel I'm the__9__ pea in the world!" The angel smiled，" Only the dream that can__10__ others will bring happiness in return!"1. A. wish B. plan C. game D. prize2. A. sent B. brought C. showed D. imagined3. A. mountain B. ground C. river D. building4. A. sad B. weak C. fat D. serious5. A. looked B. noticed C. knocked D. grew6. A. wind B. rain C. storm D. cloud7. A. suddenly B. certainly C. normally D. gradually8. A. activities B. health C. studies D. job9. A. best B. proudest C. bravest D. happiest10. A. support B. protect C. help D. understand三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）AGabriel Garcia Márquez, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982, passed away at the age of 86 on April 17, 2014.The world paused to remember the cultural giant(巨匠).Garcia Márquez was born in Colombia, but he spent most of his adult life in Mexico City. As one of the most famous writers, he was widely regarded as "a giant of 20th-century literature". Garcia Márquez wrote in a style called "magicalrealism(魔幻现实主义)". In such works, people live a daily life in a certain period of time in history. But meanwhile, magical things happen to them.Garcia Márquez is best known for his 1967 novel, One Hundred Years ofSolitude(《百年孤独》), which has sold about 50 million copies. It tells the tale of the small and isolated town of Macondo which was separated from the outside world—of its founding and its troubled history over a hundred years. The story is a metaphor(暗喻) for the development of Colombia since the 19th century. As Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos said, Garcia Márquez wrote about "the very essence(精髓) of the Latin American being".1. Garcia Márquez was born in the year________.A.1914B.1928C.1967D.19822.We can know from Paragragh 2 that Garcia Márquez________.A. was born in Mexico CityB. spent most of his adult life in ColombiaC. had a writing style called “magical realism”D. was famous but lived a simple daily life3.The underlined word "isolated" means________.A.隔绝的B.安逸的C.喧嚣的D.繁华的4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Garcia Márquez?A. He was the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982.B. His novel One Hundred Years of Solitude was a great success.C. He was widely known as “a giant of 20th-century literature”.D. Magical things happened to him during his stay in Mexico City.5.The writer quotes(引述) from the President to________.A. praise Garcia Márquez for his achievementB. show the deep sadness of the PresidentC. explain the writing style of Garcia MárquezD. describe the character of Garcia MárquezBCharlotte's Web is a classic children's novel by American author E. B.White. The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendshipwith a spider named Charlotte. Wilbur is the 11th baby of his mother.Since his mother can only feed ten babies at one time, the farmer plans tokill Wilbur. Kind-hearted little Fern saves him and gives him to a nearbyfarm. Animals on the farm refuse to befriend Wilbur, so Wilbur feels lonely. However, Charlotte welcomes this new member and is glad to make friends with him.Knowing what is going to happen on Wilbur (as the farm owner plans to kill him for sale), Charlotte promises to make a plan to save his life. She makes a lot of good things about Wilbur on her web and makes him famous. Charlotte succeeds in saving Wilbur's life, but she dies as she is too old. Luckily, she leaves three baby spiders. More and more generations of spiders continue to be with Wilbur.1. What is the passage talking about?A.A book.B.A film.C.A legend.D.A TV series.2. Why does the farmer plan to kill Wilbur?A. Wilbur is very fat.B. Wilbur is sick.C. The farmer needs money.D. Wilbur is an extra (多余的) pig3.What does the underlined word "befriend" mean in Chinese?A.杀死B.救活C.亲近D.失去4.Who welcomes Wilbur when he goes to the nearby farm?A. Little Fern.B.A spider.C. All the animals.D. The farm owner.5. What can we learn from the passage?A.A mother pig can feed eight baby pigs at a time.B. Wilbur feels sad when he leaves his farm.C. Charlotte tells Wilbur that the owner will kill him.D. Charlotte's children and grandchildren will live with Wilbur.四、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Cartoon HeroesSpongeBobSpongeBob is a sea sponge and lives in a pineapple (菠萝)in the underwater city of Bikini Bottom He works as a cook at the Krusty Krab and he is talented(有天赋的)at cooking. SpongeBob is childish(幼稚的), but very natural and lively. He enjoys life very muck His favorite saying is "I'm ready!" His best friend is Patrick.Mickey MouseMickey Mouse wears red trousers and big yellow shoes. He is happy and friendly. His best friends are Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto. He is a very clever mouse. Mickey Mouse is the most important mascot (吉祥物)in Disney land where he welcomes millions of people, shakes hands and poses(摆姿势)for pictures. He also appears in many video games and TV programmes.Maya the BeeMaya is an adventurous(爱冒险的)bee. She thinks that there must be more to find out in the world, so she flies around helping each other. Maya is always friendly. Willy is Maya s friend. He is lazy but he always helps Maya in her adventure.阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。

八年级英语下册Unit8单元检测题（附答案）

八年级英语下册Unit8单元检测题（附答案）八年级英语下册Unit8单元检测题(人教版附答案)勤奋者废寝忘食，懒惰人总没有时间。

下面就跟随店铺一起来了解一下Unit8 单元检测题吧!想了解更多相关信息，请持续关注我们店铺!Unit8 单元检测题一、单项选择1. Ever since then, we ____ good friends.A. beB. isC. wasD. have been2. There are ____ soccer fans in the world.A. millionB. three millionsC. million ofD. millions of3. Do you know who this building ____ ?A. belongB. belongsC. belongs toD. is belonging to4. Mr. Wang has taught Chinese ____ in England for about 2 years.A. sandB. abroadC. islandD. land5. Liu Huan is a famous singer, but Cindy ____ to any of his songs yet.A. listenB. doesn’t listenC. has listenedD. hasn’t listened6. — ____ Miss Brown ____ out all of her records?—No, not yet.A. Have; soldB. Has; soldC. Does; sellD. Is; sell7. People often use it ____ ships.A. buildB. buildsC. to buildD. building8. The picture ____ page 1 was drawn by my art teacher.A. atB. inC. toD. on9. When they arrived ____ the island, they were all attracted by its beauty.A. atB. inC. onD. to10. —I think drinking milk is a good way ____.—Yes, I agree.A. keep healthB. to keep healthC. to keep healthyD. keep healthy二、完形填空It was my first day at Grade 6. And the first lesson was 1 English. When I was doing nothing, Mr. Gough, our new English teacher, 2 into the classroom.To my surprise, he held up a book, The Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe, and asked “Who 3 it yet”. I put my hand up, because Poe was my favorite writer. Mr. Gough asked if I really understood 4 the author tried to say in his book. My reply made him smile, and he asked me 5 an essay on that subject.After that, English classes became a new interest for me. Mr. Gough thought that students had to 6 a play to understand it. “Don’t just read it,” he said.As time passed, we developed a real friendship. He encouraged me to be a 7 in the future. When I left school, he said to me, “You have a gift for writing, T ony, and one day you’ll come to realize how8 it is. Make use of it if you want your life to be complete.”9 has passed. Now every time I sit down to write 10 , I think of Mr. Gough. He was more than just an English teacher, because he also taught me useful lessons in life.1. A. boring B. bored C. interesting D. interested2. A. walks B. walked C. was walking D. is walking3. A. reads B. read C. have read D. had read4. A. if B. when C. what D. how5. A. wrote B. writing C. to write D. written6. A. work out B. act out C. put out D. come out7. A. teacher B. actor C. waiter D. writer8. A. useful B. beautiful C. careful D. thankful9. A. A year B. Some year C. Years D. Every year10. A. anything new B. something newC. new anythingD. new something三、阅读理解Lu Xun is one of the greatest Chinese writers of the 20th century. Besides his famous stories, he also wrote many influential articles about the living conditions of Chinese people.Born in 1881 to a wealthy family, Lu Xun had a happy childhood. In 1893, however, his grandfather, a senior government official, was put into prison for taking money. At the same time, his father became seriously ill. From that time on, his family was no longer accepted by their relatives and friends. These early experiences greatly influenced his writing.By the time Lu Xun arrived in Nanjing to study at university in 1899, he already believed that Chinese society had to change and become modern. In 1902 he went to study in Japan. There he began writing articles for several Chinese student magazines. He showed a gift for writing and translating and he even wrote several books, although none was popular. He returned to China in 1909 because he was in need of money.After working for several years as a teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned to writing. In 1918, he wrote his famous short story Diary of a Madman. It was the first Chinese novel published using the everyday language that people spoke, which helped make it a great success. This, together with his novel The True Story of Ah Q(1921), made Lu Xun a leading Chinese writer.Although successful, Lu Xun still worried greatly about China’s future. In 1927, he moved to Shanghai and gave upwriting stories in order to devote himself to what he called “pen warfare”. He only wrote articles which called on the people to fight against the government. For this, the government stopped him from publishing any more books. He was forced to write his articles using false names.Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s importance and influence have grown. Today, many of his writings are included in school textbooks and his works are read by millions of people around the world.1. Which of the following greatly influenced Lu Xun’s writing according to the passage?A. The people he met in Japan.B. The experiences in his early life.C. Working as a teacher in Beijing.D. His father’s being put into prison.2. According to the passage why was Lu Xun’s story Diary of a Madman so popular?A. It was based on Lu Xun’s diary.B. It was the first novel to use everyday language.C. Its story took place in modern times.D. It was written using a western style.3. The underlined word “This” (Paragraph 4) refers to ____.A. the success of Diary of a MadmanB. the use of everyday languageC. the first Chinese novelD. The True Story of Ah Q4. After moving to Shanghai, Lu Xun mainly wrote ____.A. funny storiesB. articles about himselfC. articles against the governmentD. stories about government officials四、词汇运用(Ⅰ)根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。

牛津英语译林版八年级上册 8上单元评价 Unit 8 (含答案)

牛津英语译林版八年级上册8上单元评价Unit 8 (含答案)一、听力 (共20小题;每小题1分, 满分20分)第一部分听对话回答问题, 录音读两遍。

1.How did the girl go to school this morning?2.Where did the fire happen?3.When did Jenny go to sleep last night?4.What will Tina do this evening?5.How many people died in the storm?A. Ten.B. Fifteen.C. Seventeen6.Why does Bob look unhappy?A.Because he lost the game.B.Because his friend got hurt.C. Because he hurt his leg.7.What hit the small village last year?A.A snowstorm.B.An earthquake.C.A flood.8.What will the weather be like this morning?A. Stormy.B. Sunny.C. Cloudy.9. How fast can lightning travel?A. At 6,000 miles per second.B.At 30,000 miles per second.C. At 60,000 miles per second.10.How many fires happened in the area?A. Once.B.Twice.C. Three times.第二部分听对话和短文回答问题, 录音读两遍。

听一段对话, 回答第11-12小题。

11.How soon will the report begin?A.In ten minutes.B.In twenty minutes.C. In thirty minutes.12.How will they go to the hall?A.By bus.B.By motorbike.C.By taxi.听第一篇短文, 回答第13-15小题。

人教版英语八年级下册单元检测卷 Unit 8 (测能力)

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?（测能力）一、单选题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1.—I missed the opening match of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. , Judy?—It was wonderful! I have never seen such a great football match before.A. What's upB. What's it likeC. What's it aboutD. What's the result2.一Who do you think will be the winner of the 21st World Cup in Russia?—I guess the gold medal will_______Germany.A. belong toB. take upC. make upD. stick to3.—Mary, you read the book Alice in Wonderland yesterday. ?—It's wonderful. I want to read it again.A. How do you know thatB. What does it look likeC. How do you return itD. What is it like4.— Alex, the bus is coming, but I have to go back to change my coat.—_______, or we'll miss it.A. Be quietB. Hurry upC. Be carefulD. Get up5. The house to my grandfather and he doesn't want to take it down.A. refersB. addsC. belongsD. replies6.—Alan，I think you'll never get that ball back.—I agree. It's lost .A. suddenlyB. recentlyC. foreverD. halfway7. As a new member of the company, I'm glad to myself to all of you.A. introduceB. developC. enjoyD. dress8. My sister wants to study in Australia.A. outB. abroadC. dueD. modern9. It is accepted by everyone that knowledge is the most valuable for human beings.A. standardB. treasureC. inventionD. instruction10. I'm looking forward to seeing the famous singer sing tomorrow.A.to liveB. livingC. livelyD. live11.—Have you finished your homework?—_____. Just half of it. How about you?A. Not at allB. Not likelyC. Not a bitD. Not yet12.—Has Lucy ever been to Beijing?—No, .A. she hasB. she isn'tC. she hasn'tD. she didn't13.A good knife is probably the most useful for a cook in the kitchen.A. communicationB. skillC. machineD. tool14.一Leo is studying harder than before.一I believe that he will achieve in his exam.A. successB. decisionC. reportD. trouble15. Is there market near your home?A. aB. anC. theD. /二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）I like music because I think there is nothing more relaxing than listening to or playing music.One day, I went to my 1 house to visit them. While my mother was cooking in the kitchen, my father and I were 2 in the living room. He told me many stories about music. Then I went into my father's room with him.He took out his guitar and 3 to play. I took out a violin and played with him. Slowly, I was lost in the 4 .My father and I played 5 that for about 20 minutes. And when T turned around, my mother was standing outside the door listening. I didn't even find she was there while I was playing. I was 6 lost in the music. I wasn't good at playing theviolin, 7 it was a slow song, which meant I didn't need to 8 my ability (能力) so that I could just enjoy the beauty of music.Now many people only focus on (关注) being good at one instrument (乐器), instead of focusing on the music 9 . However, I play music just 10 it makes me happy, and I love everything about it.1.A.grandparents' B.parents' C.brother's D.sister's2.A.talking B.eating C.drawing D.sleeping3.A.forgot B.refused C.wondered D.started4.A.book B.film C.music D.nature5.A.like B.with C.against D.from6.A.loudly B.carefully C.seriously pletely7.A.and B.but C.or D.so8.A.worry about B.take in C.look after D.pick up9.A.himself B.themselves C.itself D.ourselves10.A.as B.because C.when D.until三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）AThere are seven continents (洲) in the world. Among them, Antarctica (南极洲) is the most special one. It is a world of snow and ice all year round. China has sent many scientists there. They try to find resources (资源) under the icy land and study the climate change and sea biology.Scientists don't have many choices on what they eat. About 60% of their food is frozen food. It is easy to heat (加热). Meat is common on the menu, but vegetables are not usual. Fresh vegetables are hard to grow in the cold weather. Therefore, people often eat dried and canned vegetables.In Antarctica, summer lasts from November to March. During this time, Antarctica faces the sun and gets sunlight all day. In order to get some sleep, scientists cover the window with black cloth to make "night".People can wear warm clothes to be against the cold weather, but they can do little with the strong wind. Sometimes, the wind is even stronger than a typhoon. It can easily blow people away. So there are ropes (绳索) that connect some research stations. People can hold these ropes to keep balance in strong winds.There are no cables or Internet on the frozen continent. So mobiles and computers don't work there. Scientists usually use two-way radios to communicate at work. If they want to say hello to their family and friends, they can use the satellite phones.1. What do scientists do in Antarctica?A. They mostly study on the animals and plants there.B. They mostly find resources and study climate change and sea biology.C. They mostly find different kinds of lives under the ice and study them.D. They mostly study on the ice and geography.2. What kind of vegetables do they usually eat?A. Fresh vegetables.B. Green vegetables only.C. Dried and canned vegetables.D. Fresh and dried vegetables.3. What do they do when the day lasts for all day?A. They work all day long.B. They find a way to make "night".C. They stop working on those days.D. They go down the ice to work.4. How do the scientists work on the terrible windy days?A. They use ropes to help themselves.B. They just stay in the houses.C. They use cars and ships to help themselves.D. They don't think the wind brings trouble.5. If a scientist wants to say I love you to his or her daughter, what can he or she use?A. Mobile phones.B. One-way radios.C. Satellite phones.D. Computers.BMost students in America like popular music. Students carry small radios with earphones and listen to music before class, after class and at lunch. Students with cars buy large speakers and play music loudly as they drive on the road.Adult drivers listen to music on the car radio as they drive to work. They also listen to news about sports, the weather and the life of American people. Most of the radio programs are about music.Popular music singers make much money. They make a CD or tape which radio stations use in many places. Once a popular singer is heard all over the country, young people will buy his or her CDs or tapes. Some of the money from them goes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes, most of the young people want to meet him or her. Now the singer has become a national star.There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music which tells stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called western or country music. It was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows which they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between a country boy and his girl is called western or country music.1. From this passage we can learn .A. adult drivers listen to the world newsB. most American students like country musicC. most American students like popular musicD. adult drivers play the music with large speakers2. How many kinds of music are mentioned in the passage?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.3. Popular music singers can become national stars .A.by making a CD or tapeB.by making lots of moneyC.by taking part in competitionsD.by going to other places to perform4.What's the country music today about?A. Country life and love.B. School life in the country.C. Life of western cowboys.D. Common life of Americans.5. The best title of the passage can be .A. Students in AmericaB. Popular MusicC. Music in AmericaD. Country Music四、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）The story of Robinson Crusoe has been popular around the world for nearly three hundred years. People used to think the story was not true. However, researchers (研究者) have found that Alexander Selkirk had the same experience. He went to a small island in 1704 and stayed there for more than four years.Researchers discovered a house and some tools on the island. They believed that these belonged to Alexander Selkirk. They also found some holes. It was certain that Selkirk used them to watch coming ships or look out for dangerous animals.It is said that Selkirk came to stay on the island after he quarreled with his captain (船长). He decided to stay there to repair an old ship. He didn't know that he would stay there for nearly five years before he was picked up by a visiting English ship.His story was written down in 1709. He told people that he had to kill goats with his gun. He ate the meat and used the skin (毛皮) for clothes.We are not sure whether Daniel Defoe had ever met Selkirk. Yet, it is certain that he had heard of the story of Selkirk's adventures before he wrote the novel.根据短文内容完成下列各题。

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单元评估检测(八)必修3 第1、2章（45分钟 100分）一、单项选择题(包括7题,每题4分,共28分。

每题只有一个选项符合题意。

)1.下列有关人体内环境及稳态的叙述中,正确的是( )A.当血糖浓度过高时,可以直接刺激胰岛B细胞产生胰岛素B.下丘脑分泌的抗利尿激素能够升高细胞外液的渗透压C.二氧化碳、血浆蛋白、糖原都属于内环境的成分D.当外界温度过高时,机体可通过减少甲状腺激素的分泌量来降低体温2.(2014·太原模拟)人体生命活动的正常进行主要是在神经系统的调节作用下完成的。

下列说法不正确的是( )A.大脑皮层具有直接控制四肢反射活动的能力B.兴奋以化学信号的形式从突触前膜传递到突触后膜C.大脑皮层H区发生障碍的患者听不懂别人讲话D.条件反射的建立与脊髓等低级中枢有关3.(2014·济南模拟)正常人体内的激素、酶和神经递质均有特定的生物活性,这三类物质都是( )A.在细胞内发挥作用B.由活细胞产生的蛋白质C.与特定分子结合后起作用D.在发挥作用后还能保持活性4.下列有关人体内稳态维持的叙述中,正确的是( )A.维持体温稳定的调节机制是神经—体液调节B.大量流汗导致失水过多,机体通过减少抗利尿激素分泌进行调节C.消耗葡萄糖增多使血糖浓度降低,此时胰高血糖素分泌减少D.肌细胞无氧呼吸产生的二氧化碳释放到血浆中,血浆的pH无明显变化5.(2014·郑州模拟)稳态是人体进行正常生命活动的必要条件,下列有关叙述正确的是( )A.正常人血糖含量降低时,胰岛A细胞分泌活动减弱,胰岛B细胞分泌活动增强B.人体大量失水时,血浆渗透压升高,抗利尿激素分泌量增加,排尿量减少C.人遇寒冷环境时,机体的甲状腺激素分泌量增加,肾上腺素的分泌量降低D.人体被病毒感染时,体内产生的抗体,能通过裂解靶细胞将病原体清除掉6.(2014·杭州模拟)如图表示一个感染HIV的人在细胞学和生物化学方面的变化,图中①②③三条曲线分别表示( )A.病毒的数量、T细胞的数量、抗体的浓度B.病毒的数量、抗体的浓度、T细胞的数量C.抗体的浓度、病毒的数量、T细胞的数量D.抗体的浓度、T细胞的数量、病毒的数量7.神经细胞在静息时具有静息电位,受到适宜刺激时可迅速产生能传导的动作电位,这两种电位可通过仪器测量。

A、B、C、D均为测量神经纤维静息电位示意图,其中正确的是( )二、双项选择题(包括3题,每题6分,共18分。

每题有两个选项符合题意。

)8.(2014·咸阳模拟)如图表示人体在某种环境条件发生改变时,内环境中某种激素的含量变化。

下列各项所示条件变化和激素对应正确的是( )A.食物缺碘——生长激素B.食物过咸——抗利尿激素C.过度饥饿——胰高血糖素D.温度过高——甲状腺激素9.(2014·郑州联考改编)科萨奇病毒CAV16常引起儿童手足口病和其他并发症。

下列关于人体对该病毒免疫过程的叙述,正确的是( )A.CAV16侵入后,刺激B细胞分泌抗体与该病毒结合B.B细胞经CAV16刺激后分裂、分化为浆细胞,与抗原结合C.患儿痊愈后,若再次感染该病毒,记忆细胞会迅速产生抗体消灭病毒D.CAV16侵入后,体内的吞噬细胞、B细胞和效应T细胞都具有识别功能10.(能力挑战题)图中A所示细胞通讯方式为人体内常见的一种信号分子及其信号传导方式,图B表示这种信号分子对靶细胞作用的方式。

据图分析正确的是( )A.图中的信号分子①是神经递质,它通过③血液的运输,与②受体结合,作用于靶细胞B.若①是胰岛素,则靶细胞有可能是肝细胞,激酶激活细胞的功能是使肝糖原分解C.若靶细胞是垂体细胞,则①可能是促甲状腺激素释放激素D.若靶细胞是甲状腺细胞,则①是促甲状腺激素三、非选择题(包括3题,共54分。

)11.(16分)(2014·合肥模拟)如图表示激素作为信号分子对靶细胞作用的过程。

请据图回答问题：(1)D表示的是________,图示过程体现了细胞膜具有____________________的功能。

(2)如果图中细胞是肝细胞,B是葡萄糖,则在饭后半小时血糖调节的过程中,A是__________________,C是________________。

(3)如果图中细胞是参与甲状腺激素分泌和调节过程的垂体细胞,则A表示的激素是_________________________。

(4)如果人体发生特异性免疫时反应过度,造成D的损伤而导致信息传递中断,则该类疾病属于_______________________。

12.(20分)(2014·聊城模拟)如图A所示为某种免疫过程示意图,图B表示参与该过程的b细胞局部放大示意图。

据图回答下列问题：(1)b细胞为____________,溶酶体分解抗原的过程在免疫学上属于____________。

该细胞吞噬并排出残体,说明细胞膜的结构具有____________。

(2)d细胞是__________,在机体中该细胞是由____________增殖、分化来的。

(3)若用大剂量的X射线杀死c细胞,则会对机体免疫造成什么影响?________________。

(4)在该抗原刺激机体产生以上免疫过程时,能否同时刺激机体产生其他特异性免疫?若能,请说明免疫类型：________。

(5)为验证T细胞是细胞免疫过程中的细胞,某生物兴趣小组以鼷鼠为实验动物进行了相关实验,请为其补全实验设计思路。

切除鼷鼠的胸腺后,移植异体器官,移植器官易保留在小鼠体内;对照组：____________________________________________________________; 为使实验更加严谨,可以对实验组进行：_________________________________。

13.(18分)(2014·珠海模拟)下面是生物小组模拟甲型H1N1流感疫苗研制过程而设计的实验,回答问题：A：制备疫苗(略)B：用实验动物检测疫苗的有效性(1)他们用家兔做实验动物,设计了以下实验,其内容不完整,请按要求补充。

实验假设：该疫苗可以刺激家兔产生相应的抗体。

实验材料：家兔、疫苗和必需的器具、药品若干。

方法步骤：把该疫苗注射到实验家兔体内,一段时间后,对实验家兔注射______, 发现注射了疫苗的家兔不会感染甲型H1N1流感。

从而得出实验结论：疫苗使实验家兔获得了免疫力。

上述实验过程不足以严密论证以上结论,理由是：___________________________________________________________________。

(2)他们设计了具体全面的实验步骤,验证以上实验结论：①将_______________________________________________________________, 随机等分成甲、乙两组。

②甲组接种疫苗,乙组接种等量的生理盐水,一段时间后分别_______________。

③在相同且适宜的条件下,观察一段时间后,_____________________________。

预测实验结果：甲组家兔甲型H1N1流感的发病率远__________乙组家兔。

答案解析1.【解析】选A。

血糖浓度过高或过低都可直接刺激胰岛细胞分泌相应的激素。

下丘脑分泌的抗利尿激素能够降低细胞外液的渗透压。

糖原不属于内环境成分。

外界温度过低时,机体通过增加甲状腺激素的分泌量来增加产热,以维持体温恒定;外界温度过高时,机体主要通过排汗来增加散热,维持体温恒定,甲状腺激素的含量一般维持在正常水平。

2.【解析】选A。

大脑皮层是高级神经中枢,它通过脊髓等低级中枢间接控制四肢的反射活动,故A错误;从突触前膜传递到突触后膜的是神经递质,故B正确;H 区发生障碍的患者不能听懂别人讲话,故C正确;条件反射是在非条件反射的基础上建立起来的,故D正确。

3.【解析】选C。

激素是由内分泌器官(或细胞)产生的通过体液运送到作用部位的一类微量高效的信号分子,酶是活细胞产生的具有催化作用的一类有机物,神经递质是突触前膜中突触小泡产生的作用于突触后膜的一类信号分子;酶可以在细胞外发挥作用,激素的化学本质有蛋白质类、脂质;三者都需要与特定的分子结合才能发挥作用;神经递质在发挥作用后就被灭活。

4.【解析】选A。

体温调节中枢在下丘脑,另外还需要相关神经、激素共同参与完成,故A项正确;大量流汗导致失水过多,机体通过增加抗利尿激素的分泌进行调节,故B项错误;消耗葡萄糖增多使血糖浓度降低,此时胰高血糖素分泌增加,故C项错误;人体无氧呼吸不产生二氧化碳,故D项错误。

5.【解析】选B。

胰岛A细胞分泌胰高血糖素,胰高血糖素使血糖含量升高,胰岛B细胞分泌胰岛素,胰岛素使血糖含量降低,故A错误;人体大量失水,会使血浆渗透压升高,抗利尿激素分泌量增加,加强肾小管和集合管的重吸收能力,使排尿量减少,从而调节血浆渗透压,故B正确;人遇寒冷环境时,机体分泌的甲状腺激素和肾上腺素都升高,以促进物质氧化分解,增加产热量,故C错误;人体被病毒感染时,体内产生的抗体通过与病原体结合将病原体清除掉,故D错误。

6.【解析】选B。

HIV主要侵染人体的T细胞,当人体刚感染HIV时,机体的免疫力仍发挥作用,病毒的数量短期内上升后会下降,抗体的数量增加,T细胞数量较高;当后期T细胞死亡较多时,机体的免疫力下降,抗体含量最终将降低,患病程度加重,病毒大量增殖。

7.【解析】选A。

静息状态下,神经纤维膜内带负电,膜外带正电,A项的一极在膜内,另一极在膜外,会产生电位差,形成电流,仪器指针偏转。

B、C、D三项的两极同时在膜内或同时在膜外,测不到静息电位。

【方法技巧】检测神经纤维膜电位大小的方法(1)当检测是否发生兴奋时,电表的两个电极都应该放在神经纤维膜外或都放在膜内。

(2)当检测静息电位的大小时,需将一个电极放在膜内,另一个电极放在膜外。

(3)当检测动作电位的大小时,需将一个电极放在膜内,另一个放在膜外。

8.【解题指南】解答本题的关键是找出自变量与因变量,本题选项中前面的为自变量,如食物缺碘,后面的为因变量,如生长激素。

【解析】选B、C。

食物缺碘,促甲状腺激素分泌增多,故A错误;食物过咸,细胞外液渗透压升高,抗利尿激素分泌增多,故B正确;过度饥饿,胰高血糖素分泌增多,故C正确;温度过高,甲状腺激素含量基本不变,主要靠增加散热维持体温,故D错误。

9.【解析】选A、D。

B细胞经CAV16刺激后分裂、分化为浆细胞,浆细胞产生的抗体与抗原结合;患儿痊愈后,若再次感染该病毒,记忆细胞会迅速增殖、分化形成浆细胞,产生抗体消灭病毒。

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