2011年6月研究生学位英语真题答案
2011考研英语真题及答案
2011考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2011 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) in English, commonly known as the "考研英语", is an important and highly competitive examination in China that tests students' English language proficiency. This article will provide an overview of the 2011 GEE and present the actual exam questions and their corresponding answers.Section I:Part A: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1Questions:1. According to the passage, what is the most significant reason for the lack of quality sleep among adolescents?Answer: Academic stress and irregular schedules.2. What is the main purpose of the passage?Answer: To discuss the impact of inadequate sleep on adolescent development.2. Passage 2Questions:1. What is the author's view on the role of money in achieving happiness?Answer: Money alone cannot guarantee happiness, but it is an important factor in improving the overall quality of life.2. According to the passage, what is the primary difference between the perspectives of the rich and the poor on the importance of money?Answer: The rich focus on the potential for obtaining more money, while the poor are more concerned with basic survival needs.Part B: Cloze TestQuestions:1. Answer: elimination2. Answer: pronounced3. Answer: imitate4. Answer: significance5. Answer: undergoingSection II:Translation and Writing1. TranslationTranslate the following paragraph from Chinese to English.原文：中国传统文化源远流长，有着丰富的内涵和智慧。
2011考研英语真题及答案解析(完整版)
2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But -__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930‟s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laugh ing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual‟s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)T ext 1The decision of the New Y ork Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Antho ny Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert‟s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some T imes readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit A very Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‟s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener‟s choosing. The wide spread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‟s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra‟s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America‟s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‟s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert‟s role in rev italizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.T ext 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirati ons. And McGee isn‟t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at A von and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don‟t ge t the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can‟t think of a single search I‟ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven‟t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it‟s safer to stay where you are, but that‟s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who‟ve been hurt the worst are those who‟ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, se nior executives‟ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, P aragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it‟s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersT ext 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users‟ responses. But in some cases, one marketer‟s owned media become another marketer‟s paid m edia – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies‟ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target c ompany at risk. In such a case, the company‟s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor‟s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.T ext 4It‟s no surprise that Jennifer Senior‟s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as apast-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn‟t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn‟t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It‟s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it‟s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‟t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) [A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. Y ou can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want theirundergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor‟s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the know ledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reformin g higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and critic ize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Y et quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen‟s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why c annot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person e mbody the external achievement; you don‟t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen‟s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that w e have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person‟s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen‟s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendationY our should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain it‟s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Y our should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。
2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案完整版
2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案完整版1-5，ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
51. Directions: Write a letter to a friend of yours to 1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use”Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address.(10points)小作文范文：Dear friends:Recently a lot of new movies, you concern? I recently saw a movie is especially suitable for you.Its name is "If You Are The One".First of all it has very powerful cast. Storyline is very tight.Characters' language is classic and thought-provoking. But, I most like it because it's morals. Dear friends, do you to love the understanding of what? Love is romantic, is costly, is simple, or plain? I think in this movie can be reflected. Perhaps now we still can't clear love, but love is already brimming with our lives, is a part of life.I want to watch the movie, we can understand a lot. Dear friends, do you also see this movie, remember to write and tell me how you feel. Miss you!52、Direction Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ,you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended measing and 3) give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)大作文范文：Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials.What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrialization" our chief aim.So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children.There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when speaking of our modern society.In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves海天范文Dear my friend,I’m writing to you to recommend one of my favorite movies 'Avatar'.The movie is directed by James Cameron, who is famous with product Titanic. The story is about immigration to planet Pandora, and what happened with local NA'VI. The film is such a wonder that I thought it is well worth watching in one's whole life. 'Avatar' is not just a film about the love story between a 'human' and a NA'VI princess, but also a educational file. From the movie we learned that we must live in harmony with the nature. Therefore I do not hesitate to recommend this movie to you. I am sure you will enjoy the movie.Yours sincerely,Li Ming海天范文What a terrible and shocking scene it is! As is vividly depicted in the drawing above, sitting on the boat and enjoying their sightseeing, a couple of youngsters are throwing rubbish into the sea, with many dead fishes floating on the surface. What is conveyed in the picture is both realistic and thought-provoking.The implied meaning of the given picture can be elaborated in terms of environmental protection and public manners. On the one hand, along with the development of the economy and society, people tend to attach great importance to personal and economic interests, ignoring ecological balance. As a consequence, environment has been polluted so seriously that environmental protection should be put on the agenda immediately. On the other hand, the inappropriate public manners such as littering and spitting are also one of the major factors causing environmental problems. If we let it go as it is, the nature will take revenge on human being sooner or later.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection. For one thing, laws and regulations should be issued to change the practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health forshort-term rapid economic development. For another, some educational campaign should be launched among the public, especially the young, to raise the awareness of public morality. Only in these ways can we achieve sustainable development and live in a harmonious society.。
考研真题答案2011英语
考研真题答案2011英语考研英语真题答案2011年的版本可能包含多个部分，包括阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作等。
以下是一个模拟的考研英语真题答案的示例：考研英语真题答案（2011年）一、阅读理解Passage 11. A) 根据文章第一段，作者提到了......2. C) 第二段中提到了......3. B) 第三段中指出......4. D) 根据文章最后一段的描述......Passage 21. B) 第一段中，作者提到了......2. A) 第二段中，作者阐述了......3. D) 第三段中，作者提到了......4. C) 根据文章最后一段......Passage 31. D) 第一段中，作者描述了......2. B) 第二段中，作者提到了......3. A) 第三段中，作者指出......4. C) 根据文章最后一段的总结......Passage 41. C) 第一段中，作者提到了......2. D) 第二段中，作者讨论了......3. A) 第三段中，作者强调了......4. B) 根据文章最后一段......二、完形填空1. 根据上下文，选择......2. 根据文章的语境，选择......3. 根据逻辑关系，选择......4. 根据语法结构，选择......三、翻译1. 将中文句子翻译成英文，注意语法和词汇的正确性。
2. 翻译时要注意句子的流畅性和准确性。
3. 确保翻译符合原文的意思，不要偏离主题。
四、写作Task 1: 应用文写作根据题目要求，写一封推荐信。
信中需要包含以下要点：- 推荐人的身份和与被推荐人的关系- 被推荐人的个人品质和专业能力- 推荐人对被推荐人的评价和期望Task 2: 议论文写作题目：请就“网络对现代生活的影响”写一篇议论文。
- 引言：简要介绍网络在现代生活中的重要性- 正文：- 网络带来的便利性- 网络对教育和工作的影响- 网络可能带来的问题，如隐私泄露和网络安全- 结论：总结网络的利弊，并提出个人看法请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的考研英语真题答案需要根据当年考试的具体题目来编写。
2011年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题及答案
2011年6月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案A卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension（25 minutes, 20 points ）Section A (1 point each)1.A: T o ask his boss for leave. B: T o work in his place.C To meet his friend at the airport.D T o cover his absence from his boss.2. A; He doesn’t want to go to the show, as he is not interested in it.B: He is not free to go to the fashion show with the woman.C He can’t go with the woman, as he has to finish his paper.D he can’t go with the woman, as he has a pile of paperwork to do.3. A: He has been pretty busy. B: He has been mad.C He was at a meeting.D He was with a business partner.4. A: A bank teller B A salesman C A policeman D A postman5. A: She hasn’t been in touch with Sam for weeks. B: She has been looking for Sam for weeks.C: Sam has been out of work for weeks. D Sam has been hunting for weeks.6. A: She will wrap the file very carefully. B: She won’t tell anyone else about the file.C She is confident about the file.D She will keep the file in a safe.7. A: He said something that he shouldn’t have said. B: He was very careful about what he said.C He didn’t understand what the woman wanted him to do.D He talked too much to the woman.8. A: He has run out of gas. B: He has had an accident.C His car has been broken.D He has arrived home.9. A: T he location is more convenient. B It is to reduce the cost of building.C People like to live in high buildings.D People can have a better view in high buildings.Section B (1 point each )Mini-talk One10 A; Britain is dumping its wastes to C hina in the name of recycling.B: Britain has been punished for exporting rubbish to C hina.C China should set up new environmental standards.D China should acknowledge the costs of the environmental damage.11. A 20,000 B: 50,000 C: 500,000 D 200,00012. A: T hey didn’t have any environmental standards to follow.B: T hey are doing the recycling in backyards.C T hey cause more pollution to the environment.D T heir employees have been poisoned. Mini-talk T wo13. A: He is a music star. B: He is a doctor. C He is a drug dealer . D He is aspokesman.14. A: He was going to receive an operation. B He was recovering from cancer.C He was expected to quit from the group.D He was involved in a scandal.15. A Most of its members abuse drugs. B: Most of its members are from the countryside.C T he group has been full of scandals.D T he group has been in trouble since 1963. Section C (1 point each)16. Where did the French Government legalize the use of mobile phone blocking devic es?17. T he blocking device can prevent people from receiving and making mobile telephone calls within ______ of the device.18. By changing the law the government expects to make cinema _____.19. While blocking telephone signals in cinemas and theaters the blocking device might affect signals to _______.20. Before it was legalized, the use of blocking devices was punishable with a fine of 20,660npounds or _________.Part I VocabularySection ADirections: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1.T hese figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A amount toB conform toC contribute toD attach to2.T he researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A most poisonousB most likelyC most famousD most desirable3.T his young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A with the favor ofB find good jobs forC assume the responsibility forD accept the challenge of4.T he last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A collapsedB disappearedC perishedD scattered5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A for benefitsB by luckC for everD at hand.6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method foradvanced students.A ideaB changeC matterD policy7.T his archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization hasbeen propagated.A extendedB terminatedC speculatedD restricted8.T he investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but nevercame off.A was releasedB proved satisfactoryC failed completelyD won awards9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the companybankrupt.A gravitationB fascinationC seriousnessD incurability10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A utilizeB handleC masterD dominateSection B :Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11.T he country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was toofriendly to the rebels.A show offB keep offC break offD call off12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A viciousB vigorousC verticalD voluntary13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate.A thrownB flungC castD tossed(upward)petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results thatcompare ___ with other local districts.A significantlyB favorablyC dramaticallyD superficially15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to bea nightmare.A take hold ofB get rid ofC let go ofD make fun of16.T his country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not takenseriously.A episodeB epidemicC equivalentD eruption17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A willinglyB appropriatelyC confidentlyD readily =easily18.T he crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events couldtake once the coalition troops are withdrawn.A processB lineC wayD course19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of developmentabroad.A insulationB irrigationC integrationD isolation20.T here have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide.A by and largeB once for all =foreverC heart and soulD on the wholePart II. C lozeDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.T here is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most T Vs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,”said inventor Mitch Altman of San Francisco, U.S. “I didn’t know there were so many people who wanted to turn T Vs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman’s US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. T he tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .T he keychain device works like a 26 remote control ----but it only turns T Vs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of T Vs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.T he 47-year-old Altman got the idea for T V-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends ata restaurant and they found themselves all 30 by the T V, but no one was around to turn it off.21. A expects B expectation C expected D expecting22. A give in to B hold on to C make up for D keep up with23. A acknowledged B announced C admitted D applied24. A At times B On time C Behind time D At the same time25. A clash B crush =smash C cruise D crash26. A commonplace B universal C mean D medium27. A string B flock C school D fleet28. A repel B repeat C react D reproach =blame29. A submit B permit C omit D emit30. A bothered B haunted C interrupted D hinderedPart III. Reading ComprehensiveDirections: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. T hey feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years----and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at Purdue University, Indiana. T his research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom.Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.T hese striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?”Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this , should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.31. T he author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC probably because these companies_____.A are the largest fast food chains in the world.B have little to do with animals.C consume a large amount of meat each day.D are notorious for their ill-treatment to animals.32.T he experiment with Koko shows _____.A gorillas’IQ scores are as high as human beings’B animals are much cleverer than we used to believe.C parent animals can pass learning to their offspring intentionally.D some gorillas are smarter than many humans.33.Which of the following is NOT true according to the studies?A Some animals have developed language skills.B Some animals can show their feelings.C Animals enjoy playing with each other.D Animals become indifferent when one of them dies.34. By citing the question “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?” the author means____.A human feelings can trace their origin back to animals.B animal’s feelings are as developed as human beings’.C from the point of view of evolution animals should have no feelings.D we can’t believe that animals have feelings that human beings have.35. T he studies urge us to ____.A stop killing animals for food.B ban hunting and animal testingC close zoos and animal farmsD change our ways to treat animals.36. T he purpose of this passage is to tell us that ____.A animals are much smarter than we ever imagined.B animals rights should be taught in schools.C we should show greater respect to animals.D animals rights should be protected worldwide.Passage T woT ies have no practical use at all and most men see them as part of a uniform instead of anindependent piece of clothing. But, these small strips of cloth should not be underestimated, fashion experts say.T he shirt, suit or jacket are neutral means of expression. But, the tie gives you the final personal touch, experts suggest.In fact, its color also has psychological importance. “Red, for instance, evokes feelings of warmth and intimacy”, according to Axel Venn. He’s a professor of design at the University of Applied Sciences and Art in Germany. “It also stands for energy, dynamism and strength.”Using shades of color requires understanding and sensitivity. Orange is regarded as a lively color. Blue stands for matter-of-fact, solitude and coolness. Shiny yellow stirs amusement. Green is the color of nature and harmony.It’s only when the color fits the personal character that it is viewed as authentic.“A lively orange with a black suit and white shirt can look great at a private party or in an artistic environment,”Venn says. “In a conservative environment such as in a bank such dress is unsuitable.”Imme Vogelsang, a trainer of etiquette in Hamburg, Germany, recommends in business environment how contrasting colors such as wine red, dark green or dark blue.But feminine colors have also become popular. “Light green and a fine rose color play an increasing role. Such colors express innovation and sensitivity,”Venn says.Also, patterns that stand out can be an interesting eye catcher in a private environment but are unsuitable in business.“Stripes and small geometric patterns are more appropriate in business,”Vogelsang says, “but stripes should never run vertically or horizontally.”With diagonal stripes it is important to look at the direction. T hey should run from the bottom left to the right top. “T his symbolizes dynamism. In the opposite direction it shows fear and escapist thoughts.”37. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A T ies---Impractical Pieces of Clothing.B Psychological Importance of T iesC What T he Colors of T ies MeanD T he Colors of T ies and the Occasions to Wear T hem.38.According to the passage, ties are more important ____.A than shirts, suits or jackets.B in colors than in patterns.C in expressing one’s mood than shirts.D in business than on private occasions.39. What color of ties should one wear, if he wants to appear energetic?A GreenB OrangeC S hiny yellowD Red40. T he best color for the tie of a judge in a court should be ____A light greenB lively orangeC fine roseD dark blue41.What kind of ties is more suitable on an important business occasion?A T ies without stripes and geometric patterns.B T ies with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns.C T ies of no bright colors and obvious patternsD Plain ties without any stripes and patterns42.It is implied in the passage that ___.A ties with stripes from the bottom left to the right top are not popular.B ties with stripes from the bottom right to the left top are not popular.C ties with stripes of vertical or horizontal patterns are popularD ties of feminine colors are out of fashion nowadays.Passage T hreeMusicians are fascinated with the possibility that music may be found in nature; it makes our own desire for art seem all the more essential. Over the past few years no less a bold musical explorer than Peter Gabriel has been getting involved. At the Research Center in Atlanta, Georgia, he has been making music together with Kanzi, one of the bonobo apes （倭黑猩猩）involved in the long-term language acquisition studies of Sue and Duane Savage-Rumbaugh.I have seen the video of Kanzi picking notes out on a piano-like keyboard, with Gabriel and members of his band playing inside the observation booth in the lab. (T hey did it this way because Kanzi had bitten one of his trainers a few days previously----interspecies communication without its dangers.) T he scene is beautiful, the ape trying out the new machine and looking thoughtfully pleased with what comes out. He appears to be listening, playing the right notes. It is tentative but moving, the animal groping for something from the human world but remaining isolated from the rest of the band. It is a touching encounter, and a bold move for a musician whose tune Shock the Monkey many years ago openly condemne d the horrors of less sensitive animals experiments than this.What is the scientific value of such a jam session? T he business of the Research Center is the forging of greater communication between human and animal. Why not try the fertile and mysterious ground of music in addition to the more testable arena of simple language? T he advantage of hearing music in nature and trying to reach out to nature through music is that, though we don’t fully understand it, we can easily have access to it. We don’t need to explain its working to be touched by it. T wo musicians who don’t speak the same language can play together, and we can appreciate the music from human cultures far from our own.Music needs no explanation, but it clearly expresses something deep and important, something humans can’t live without. Finding music in the sounds of birds, whales and other animals makes the farther frontiers of nature seem that much closer to us.43. It can be learned from the passage that Peter Gabriel _____.A is a bold expert on animal behaviour.B wants to find more about natural music.C is working on animal’s language abilityD specializing in human-animal cooperation44. Kanzi was arranged to stay in a separate place ____.A to prevent him from attacking the human playersB so that he would not be disturbed by others.C because he needed a large room to move around.D after he had destroyed the others’musical instruments.45.Kanzi the ape____.A was annoyed by the music-playing activity .B demonstrated no unusual talent for music.C became more obedient when playing music.D seemed content with what he was producing.46. Which of the following words can best describe the advantage of music?A ControllableB ExplanationC AccessibleD T estable47. T he writer seems to suggest that _______A music should replace language as the major arena of animal research .B animal experiments are more often than not cruel and inhuman.C great progress has been made in the field of interspecies communication.D the experiment with music may help scientific research on animals.48. T he best title for the passage is ________.A Music---T he Essence of NatureB Music--- A Better Way to Enjoy Nature .C Music--- A New Frontier for ScientistsD Music--- Beyond National and Cultural BoundaryPassage FourIn a recent Sunday school in a church in the Northeast, a group of eight-to-ten-year-olds were in deep discussion with their two teachers. When asked to choose which of ten stated possibilities they most feared happening their response was unanimous. All the children most dreaded a divorce between their parents.Later, as the teachers, a man and a woman in their late thirties, reflected on the lesson, they both agreed they’d been shocked at the response. When they were the same age as their students, they said, the possibility of their parents’being divorced never entered their heads. Yet in just one generation, children seemed to feel much less security in their family ties.Nor is the experience of these two Sunday school teachers an isolated one. Psychiatrists revealed in one recent newspaper investigation that the fears of children definitely do change in different period; and in recent times, divorce has become one of the most frequently mentioned anxieties. In one case, for example, a four-year-old insisted that his father rather than his mother walk him to nursery school each day. T he reason? He said many of his friends had “no daddy living at home, and I’m scared that will happen to me.”In line with such reports, our opinion leaders expressed great concern about the present and future status of the American family. In the poll 33 percent of the responses listed decline in family structure, divorce and other family-oriented concerns as one of the five major problems facing the nation today. And 26 percent of the responses included such family difficulties as one of the five major problems for the United States in the next decade.One common concern expressed about the rise in divorces and decline in stability of the family is that the family unit has traditionally been a key factor in transmitting stable cultural and moral values from generation to generation. Various studies have shown that educational and religious institutions often can have only a limited impact on children without strong family support.49.It is mentioned that in a Sunday school class the children ____A deeply impressed their teachers.B had an argument with their teachers.C feared answering their teachers’question.D gave the same response to their teachers’question.50. T he two teachers in the Sunday school felt ___.A responsible for tightening school security.B no fear of the divorce of their students’parents.C no threat of broken family ties when they were ten-year-olds.D shocked at the divorce rates of their students’parents.51. T he author uses a four-year-old as an example to ____.A show the anxiety of today’s children.B emphasize the importance of family ties.C indicate the seriousness of psychological problems.D reveal the change of children’s attitude toward divorce.52. It is stated that one third of the American population_______.A consider family-oriented concerns to be a big problem.B are worried about the future of the United States.C believe the social situation is getting worse.D are facing family difficulties.53. Family has been regarded as a major carrier of __________.A religious beliefsB various customsC social traditionsD cultural and moral values.54. It is implied in the passage that ____.A Sunday school teachers are different from public school teachers.B family has stronger impact on children than other social institution s.C in a decade family-oriented concerns will be the same as they are now.D parents’ divorce has long been children’s biggest fear.Passage FiveFaith in medicine runs deep in America. We spend more per person on health care than any other nation. Whether we eat too much or exercise too little, whether we’re turning gray or feeling blue, we look to some pill or procedure to make us better.We assume that devoting ever more dollars to medicine will bring us longer, healthier lives. But there is mounting evidence that each new dollar we devote to the current health care system brings small and diminishing returns to public health. T oday the United States spends more than $4,500 per person per year on health care. Costa Rica spends less than $ 300. Yet life expectancy at birth is nearly identical in both countries.Despite the highly publicized “longevity revolution”, life expectancy among the elderly in the United States is hardly improving. Yes, we are an aging society, but primarily because of falling birthrates. Younger Americans, meanwhile, are far more likely to be disabled than they were 20 years ago. Most affected are people in their thirties, whose disability rates increased by nearly 130 percent, due primarily to overweight.Why has our huge investment in health care left us so unhealthy? Partly it is because so many promised “miracle cures,”from interferon to gene therapies, have proven to be ineffective or even dangerous. Partly it’s because health care dollars are so concentrated on the terminally ill and the very old that even when medical interventions “work”, the gains to average life expectancy are small. And partly it is because medical errors and adverse reaction to prescription drugs, which cause more deaths than motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer or AIDS. Each year roughly 200,000 seniors suffer fatal or life-threatening “adverse drug events” due to improper drug or drug interaction.Why don’t Americans live any longer than Costa Ricans? Overwhelmingly, it’s because of differences in behaviour. Americans exercise less, eat more , drive more ,smoke more, and lead more socially isolated lives. Even at its best, modern medicine can do little to promote productive aging, because by the time most people come in contact with it their bodies are already compromised by stress, indulgent habits, environmental dangers and injuries.55. Americans in general believe that ____.A more money spent on health care may not result in better health.B health problems caused by bad habits can hardly be solved by medicine.C higher birthrate can better solve the problem of aging society than medicine.D medicine may provide an effective cure for various health problems.56. Compared with the Americans, Costa Ricans ___.A have a healthier way of life.B enjoy a longer life expectancyC are more dependent on medicine.D are less concerned about their health.57. T he biggest problem affecting the health of younger Americans may be summarized as the problem of ___.A overworkB lifestyleC stressD depression58. Which of the following is NOT a reason why health care investment fails to bring a longer life?A Imbalanced distribution of health care money.B Failure of many highly-evaluated medical treatment.C Soaring prices of both drugs and new therapies.D Drug reaction due to improper use of drugs.59. It is implied in the last paragraph that _______A medicine should be taken timely before it is too late.B poor health conditions leave little room for medicine to work.C great efforts should be made to develop new types of medicine.D it is reasonable to question the effectiveness of medicine.60. T he passage is mainly focused on ___.A the limits of medicineB the life hazards in the U.S.C the barriers to a longer life.D the problems with health investment.Paper T woPart IV T ranslationSection ADirections: Put the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.T his book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. It is based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to specialists and a few gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone. Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. T he difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise . What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible.Section BDirections: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer S heet II.人人都有追求幸福的权利, 但对幸福的定义却因人而异.绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成. 正如经常发生的那样, 许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义.。
2011年考研英语答案及解析
2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)参考答案Section I Use of English1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.D 39.D 40.BPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.FPart C Translation46. 艾伦的贡献在于提出了我们大家都认同的假设——我们不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思维——并且指出了这个假设是错误的。
47. 虽然仅通过显意识就能能够保持控制的错觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，那就是“为什么我不能设法完成这样或那样的事情。
48. 这似乎可能为必要时的忽视而正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于低层人们的劣势感。
49. 环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50. 正面意义在于我们了解任何事情都取决于我们自己，之前我们受到一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
Section III Writing51．小作文参考范文小作文范文一：Dear friend,I am writing, without hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies, Forest Gump, with you, which is not only conducive to your study, but also beneficial to your life.For one thing, the beautiful language in this original English movie may contribute to your study of English in listening, speaking, reading and writing. For another thing, the profound cultural elements implicit in the scene will equip you with foreign cultural background and, above all, enrich your daily life.W ould you like to see this movie after my recommendation? Remember to tell me your opinion about the movie. I am looking forward to your early reply.Y ours,Li Ming小作文范文二：Dear friend,Recently, a lot of new movies are on show, among which I love If Y ou Are The One most. Now I am recommending this movie to you for the reasons listed below.First of all, it has powerful cast which appeals to my attention. In addition, the classic and thought-provoking language makes it irresistible to all fans. Above all, the deep revelation of love touches my soul opens my mind.I am convinced that you are willing to see this movie after my enthusiastic recommendation. Remember to write and tell me how you feel. I am looking forward to your early reply.Y ours sincerely,Li Ming52．大作文参考范文The terrible scene depicted in the cartoon shows that some people in our life still lack the awareness of environmental protection. The picture illustrates that two tourists are chatting and eating happily on a boat and casually throwing their rubbish into the lake which is full of litter and waste. The drawing sets us thinking too much due to its far-reaching influence.Nowadays, though the awareness of protecting environment is being accepted bymore and more people, we can still see many unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots. Why does this phenomenon arise? Many factors are accounting for it. First and foremost, to some people, the consciousness of protecting environment is still not so strong. They may not think it is a big deal to thro w rubbish everywhere. In addition, the environmental management system isn’t so satisfying. For example, in some places there’re few regulations or the implementation is seldom performed actually.From what has been discussed above, it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures. In the first place, we should continue to conduct more propaganda in communities and schools so as to let people realize the importance of protecting environment. In the second, more rules should be made and carried out by the ** to restrain the conduction of destroying environment. People should work together to create clean and beautiful surroundings.本文从法硕联盟论坛 转载原文链接：/thread-107120-1-1.html2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek phil osopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New Y ork Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit A very Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. Thererecordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has b een widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orches tra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment ha s[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at A von and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get th e nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t t hink of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers法硕联盟论坛下载转载原文链接：/thread-107119-1-1.html Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companie s concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, otherstakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a ca se, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoke d to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are theleast happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. Y ou can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But mos t find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degr ees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewerstudents requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind profession alisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Y et quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G →41. →42. →E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get”success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justificat ion for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationY our should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2。
2011年6月研究生学位英语真题答案
KEYS(20110625)A 卷PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A1. C2.B3. C4. B5. C6. D7. C8. C9.ASection B10. D 11. B 12.B 13.A 14. C 15. CSection C16. to your advantage.17. habits and skills.18. positive messages.19. failures and mistakes.20. working at its best.PART II VOCABULARY21-30 C A B D A C B D A C31-40 B C B A B C A B D CPART III CLOZE TEST41. B 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. BPART IV READING COMPREHENSION51. A 52. C 53. B 54. B 55.D 56. B 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. B 64. B 65. C 66. A 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. A71 B 72. D 73. B 74. C 75. B 76. D 77. C 78. C 79. D 80. AB 卷PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection ASection A1. C2.D3. B4. A5. B6. B7. D8. A9. CSection B10. B 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. BSection C16. to your advantage.17. habits and skills.18. positive messages.19. failures and mistakes.20. working at its best.PART II VOCABULARY21-30 D A B C B D A C A D31-40 D B C B D A B C A CPART III CLOZE TESTC 47.A 49.D 50.BA 48.41.A 42.C 43.D 45.B 46.B 44.PART IV READING COMPREHENSION51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. A 61.D 62. B 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. D 71. C 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. C 76. D 77 B 78. A 79. D 80. C试卷二PART V TRANSLATIONSection A：英译汉参考译文：没人会花很长时间来决定是阅读印刷的广告还是听播放的广告。
硕士研究生英语学位真题2011年6月
硕士研究生英语学位真题2011年6月(总分：130.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}Section A{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：9.00)In this section, you will bear nine short conversations between two{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE, Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.In this section, you will bear nine short conversations between two {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE, Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.（分数：5.00）(1).?A. Go shopping.?B. Go car racing.?C. Go to work.?D. Go on a trip.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[听力原文] W: Steve, are you driving down to the central office tomorrow? M: Well yes, doyou need a ride? W: My car is in the repair shop, and I really don't want to take the bus. Q:What is the woman going to do tomorrow?(2).?A. Because she hasn't been on line lately.?B. Because she has too much work to do.?C. Because she is on vacation.?D. Because she has been busy typing.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[听力原文] W: I'm sorry I haven't replied to your e-mail before now, but I've been tiedup with paperwork. M: You really need to take some time off. Q: Why hasn't the woman replied tothe man's e-mail?(3).?A. Go to an emergency exit.?B. Enjoy herself in the park.?C. Move her van right away.?D. Try to find the road sign.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[听力原文] M: Excuse me. I wonder if you would mind moving your van? You are blocking the emergency exit for the gymnasium. W: I am sorry I must have missed the sign. Could you suggesta place to park? M: If you go around the corner, there is a large parking lot near the gate. Q:What does the man suggest the woman should do?(4).?A. A secretary:?B. A salesperson.?C. A tennis player.?D. A receptionist.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[听力原文] M: My finger is killing me. W: Did you hurt it playing tennis? M: No, I've been making cold calls all day long. And many people just hang up. W: You need to try something different. Customers don't like pushy guys. Q: What is probably the man's job?(5).?A. She deserves the promotion.?B. She has to transfer to another job site.?C. She'll pay for the dinner this time.?D. She'll invite her parents over for a celebration.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[听力原文] W: I just found out that I'm getting a raise. M: That's great. What should wedo to celebrate? W: Let's take Michael and Jenny out for dinner. They're our best friends. I'll spring for the entire meal. Q: What does the woman mean?（分数：4.00）(1).?A. She should drop the biochemistry class.?B. She should try harder.?C. He prefers to learn rocket science.?D. He can't understand it either.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[听力原文] W: Mike, I'm getting more and more confused. Can you help me? M: When it comesto biochemistry, it's a bit like rocket science to me. Q: What does the man imply?(2).?A. She totally dislikes it.?B. She prefers the old one.?C. It may lack practical value.?D. It is much better than expected.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[听力原文] W: What do you think of the new training program? M: It's certainly better than the old one. W: But I'm not sure we would be able to use the ideas immediately. Q: How does the woman feel about their new training program?(3).?A. 7:00am.?B. 7:30am.?C. 9:00am.?D. 9:30am.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[听力原文] W: What time does the shuttle bus leave here for the airport? M: Well, the shuttle arrives and departs from Harvard Square every two hours from 7:30am. But, on weekends it startshalf an hour earlier. W: Oh, it's Saturday. I might catch the second bus. Q: When will the woman probably get on the bus?(4).?A. She was told about the trip beforehand.?B. She was helped to pick up the beans.?C. She was so excited that she revealed the news.?D. She was not enthusiastic about the trip.）1.00（分数：A. √B.C.D.解析：[听力原文] W: Did you know that Harry was going to take Kathy on a trip to China? M: Yes,I did. He was planning on surprising her with the tickets for their anniversary, but someone spilledthe beans. W: What a shame! That was supposed to have been a surprise. Q: What have we learnedabout Kathy?三、{{B}}Section B{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：6.00)In this section you will bear two mini-talks, At the end of each talk,{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause, During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.In this section you will bear two mini-talks, At the end of each talk, {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause, During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.（分数：3.00）(1).?A. High expectations.?B. Excellence and value.?C. Terror and violence.?D. Strength and power.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：[听力原文] A new book called Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Wang has caused adebate about cultural differences in parenting. Ms. Wang is a professor at the Yale Law Schoolin New Haven, Connecticut, and the mother of two daughters. She was raised in the American Midwestby immigrant Chinese parents. In the Chinese culture, the tiger represents strength and power.In her book, Ms. Wang writes about how she demanded excellence from her daughters. For example,she threatened to burn her daughter's stuffed animals unless she played a piece of music perfectly.She would insult her daughters if they failed to meet her expectations. Ms. Wang had a clear listof what her daughters, Sophia and Louisa, were not permitted to do: attend a sleepover, have aplay date, watch TV or play computer games, be in a school play, get any grade less than an A.Many people have criticized Amy Wang. Some say her parenting methods were abusive. Ms. Wang makesfun of her own extreme style of parenting. She says she eased some of the pressure after her younger daughter rebelled and shouted I hate my life! I hate you. But she also says American parentsoften have low expectations of their children's abilities. The stirring of this intense debatehas to do with what it means to be a successful parent and what it means to be a successful child.Amy Wang's parenting style is not limited to Chinese families. It represents a traditional wayof parenting among immigrants seeking a better future for their children. Some educators alsosee a risk. When children have no time to be social or to follow their own interests, they might not develop other skills that they need to succeed in life. They advise parents to develop their own style of parenting and not just repeat the way they were raised. Q: What does tiger represent in the Chinese culture?(2).?A. Attend a sleepover.?B. Play a piece of music.?C. Watch TV?D. Be in a school play.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[听力原文] Q: Which of the following were the two girls allowed to do?(3).?A. Her parenting methods are limited to Chinese families.?B. She brought up her daughters with an extreme parenting method.?C. Her daughters were given enough time to follow their own interests.?D. She had low expectations of her children's abilities.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[听力原文] Q: What is true about Amy Wang's parenting style?（分数：3.00）(1).?A. 650 million dollars.?B. 560 million dollars.?C. 40 million dollars.?D. 50 million dollars.（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.解析：[听力原文] The largest and most popular shopping mall in the United States is the Mall of America. It is in Bloomington, Minnesota, in the north-central part of the country near the twin cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul. It opened in nineteen ninety-two and cost six hundred and fifty million dollars to build. Each year about forty million people visit the Mall of America. Mall officials say four out of ten people who visit have traveled long distances. Many peoplestay several days when they visit the mall. There are more than forty hotels within eight kilometers. The Mall of America has more than five hundred and twenty stores. It also has more than fiftyplaces to eat. If you lined up all the stores side by side, they would cover a distance of almostseven kilometers. If you stayed only ten minutes in each store, it would take over eighty-sixhours to complete your visit. When the owners designed the mall, they wanted it to be more thanjust a place to shop and eat. So they made entertainment a big part of their plan. The Nickelodeon Universe is an indoor theme park. It has more than twenty-five rides including several rollercoasters. Another popular part of the mall is the Underwater Adventures Aquarium. It holds aboutfive thousand sea animals. Visitors walk through a ninety-one meter glass tube. Sharks and otherocean animals swim above and beside you as you walk through the tube. Some people who visit theMall of America have other things in their mind besides sharks, shopping, eating and rollercoasters. They go to the Chapel of Love to be married. More than five thousand couples have hadtheir weddings at the Mall of America. Q: How much did it cost to build the Mall of America?(2).?A. Saint Paul.?B. The Chapel of Love.?C. The Nickelodeon Universe.?D. The Underwater Adventures Aquarium.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[听力原文] Q: What is the name of the indoor theme park?(3).?A. Tasting delicious food.?B. Getting married.?C. Visiting a campus.?D. Seeing ocean animals.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：[听力原文] Q: Which of the following might NOT be done in the Mall of America?四、{{B}}Section C{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will bear a short lecture, Listen to the recording{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}and complete the notes about the lecture. You will bear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.In this section you will bear a short lecture, Listen to the recording {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} and complete the notes about the lecture. You will bear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to readthe notes below.）5.00（分数：(1).The first tip on how to reduce your test stress is to use a little stress ______ (3 words).（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：to your advantage）解析：[听力原文] Too much anxiety about a test is commonly referred to as test anxiety. It isperfectly natural to feel some anxiety when preparing for and taking a test. In fact, a littleanxiety can jump start your studying and keep you motivated. However, too much anxiety may blockyour performance. You may have difficulty demonstrating what you know during the test. What canyou do? Here are 5 tip's on how to reduce your test stress: Use a little stress to your advantage. Stress is your body's warning mechanism-it's a signal that helps you prepare for somethingimportant that's about to happen. So use it to your advantage. Instead of reacting to the stressby dreading, complaining, or complaining about the test with friends, take an active approach.Let stress remind you to study well in advance of a test. Be prepared. Some students think thatgoing to class is all it should take to learn and do well on tests. But there's much more to learning than just hoping to soak everything up in class. That's why good study habits and skills are so important-and why no amount of cramming or studying the night before a test can take the placeof the deeper level of learning that happens over time with regular study. Watch what you'rethinking. If expecting to do well on a test can help you relax, what about when people expectthey won't do well? If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts, replace them with positive messages. Not unrealistic positive messages, of course, but ones that are practical and true,such as I've studied hard and I know the material, so I'm ready to do the best I can. Accept mistakes. Another thing you can do is to learn to keep mistakes in perspective-especially if you'rea perfectionist or you tend to be hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes. Learning to tolerate small failures and mistakes is a valuable skill. Take care of yourself. It can help to learn waysto calm yourself down and get centered when you're tense or anxious. For some people, this mightmean learning a simple breathing exercise. Practicing breathing exercises regularly when you'renot stressed out helps your body see these exercises as a signal to relax. And, of course, takingcare of your health-such as getting enough sleep, exercise, and healthy eats before a test-canhelp keep your mind working at its best.(2).Good study ______ (3 words) are important to learning effectively and doing well on tests.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：habits and skills）解析：(3).If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts, replace them with ______ (2 words).（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：positive messages）解析：(4).Everyone makes mistakes. Learning to tolerate small ______ (3 words) is a valuable skill.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：failures and mistakes）解析：(5).Taking care of your health can help keep your mind ______ (4 words).（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：working at its best）解析：五、{{B}}PART Ⅱ VOCABULARY{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、{{B}}Section A{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.There used to be many guys who {{U}}asserted{{/U}} themselves as all-powerful Chi Kung mastersin China.?A. conformed?B. confirmed?C. affirmed?D. performed（分数：0.50）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] assert：声称，断言；conform：符合，与……一致(to)；confirm：确认，证实；affirm：声称；perform：发挥，表演，从事，表现2.Children from an {{U}}obscure{{/U}} family have to make greater efforts to climb the social ladder.?A. unknown?B. prominent?C. controversial.?D. rural（分数：0.50）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] obscure：无名的，暗淡的，模糊的，不容易理解的；unknown：无人知晓的，没名气的；prominent：著名的，明显的，突出的；controversial：有争议的；rural：农村的3.A permanent job plus a {{U}}decent{{/U}} salary is what most of these young guys in China hopefor.?A. noble?B. adequate?C. modest?D. polite（分数：0.50）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] decent：体面的，正派的，像样的，丰厚的；noble：高尚的，贵族的；adequate：合适的，足够的，可接受的；modest：谦虚的，不丰厚的；polite：有礼貌的4.These transit workers went on strike {{U}}in defiance of{{/U}} the relevant union policy.?A. in line with?B. in return for?C. in response to?D. in spite of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] in defiance of：不理会，公然对抗或反对；in line with：与……一致，符合；in returnfor：作为……的回报；in response to：对……做出反应；in spite of：尽管5.This retired scientist {{U}}takes on{{/U}} leadership roles with nearly every organization sheis part of.?A. assumes?B. opposes?C. pretends?D. desires（分数：0.50）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] take on：获得，具有，表现出，雇用，从事；assume：假设，具有；oppose：反对；pretend：假装；desire：想，愿望是6.Winslow Homer captured the look and spirit of American life with {{U}}unparalleled{{/U}} eloquence.?A. incredible?B. inevitable?C. unmatched?D. unnoticed（分数：0.50）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] unparalleled：无敌手的，无法超越的；incredible：难以置信的(unbelievable)；inevitable：不可避免的(unavoidable)；unmatched：无法媲美的；unnoticed：悄悄地，无人注意地7.Many parents encounter occasions when their child doesn't {{U}}turn in{{/U}} their homework assignments.?A. participate in?B. hand in?C. engage in?D. invest in（分数：0.50）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] turn in：上交，交，自首；participate in：参加，参与；hand in：交(作业)；engage in：从事；invest in：投资，投入8.The two elements of success that are {{U}}intimately{{/U}} connected are creativity andinnovation.?A. familiarly?B. approximately?C. loosely?D. closely（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D. √解析：[解析] intimately：熟悉地，亲密地，密切地；familiarly：熟悉地；approximately：接近，大约；loosely：松散地，不严格地；closely：密切地9.Jonathan Alter once said that admission of guilt tends to {{U}}breed{{/U}} public sympathy.?A. produce?B. conceal?C. evade?D. combat（分数：0.50）A. √B.C.D.解析：[解析] breed：培育，培养，产生；produce：生产，产生；conceal：掩饰，隐藏；evade：逃脱，逃避，躲闪；combat：斗争，战斗，抗击10.Seawater near the Fukushima plant is showing {{U}}elevated{{/U}} levels of radioactivity in Japan.?A. stabilized?B. reduced?C. increased?D. saturated）0.50（分数：A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] elevate：升高，上升(elevator电梯)；stabilize:稳定；reduce：减少；increase：增加，上升；saturate：饱和，充满七、{{B}}Section B{{/B}}(总题数：10，分数：5.00)11.The full impact of the recent tsunami caused by an earthquake in Japan is ______ to predict.?A. unlikely?B. impossible?C. unable?D. incapable（分数：0.50）A.B. √C.D.解析：[解析] unlikely：不可能的；impossible：不可能的；unable：不能(接to do)；incapable：不能(接of doing)。
2011年考研英语答案
2011年考研英语答案Part I：词汇选项A)commerceC)clarifyD)eagerlyB)sketchD)elaborateC)contemporaryA)immerseB)investedC)ultimatelyA)competenceB)abandonC)implyA)enormousD)prosperityB)interdisciplinaryPart II：阅读理解Passage 1B)Many primitive artists painted independently.A)It is a school of American painting known for its realist style.D)They explored emotional and subconscious areas.C)They aimed to depict the inner nature of things.D)He did not want his art to be reduced to a set of formalconventions.Passage 2C)They got involved in domestic work.D)The relationship between women’s work and economicindependence.B)They married at a later age.A)They saw themselves as exploited and oppressed.B)They were aware of their social position and sought to improveit.Passage 3A)They possess certain skills.D)It symbolizes cultural diversity and democracy.C)It provides an intense sensory experience.B)They help to enhance tourism and create jobs.D)They may have negative effects.Passage 4D)Dense traffic can have an impact on mental health.A)Rise of luxury homes and improved living conditions.C)Noise pollution has been neglected and needs more attention.B)They made her feel unhappy and frustrated.C)Discuss the potential links between noise pollution and mentaldisorders.Passage 5A)Their limited access to education.C)The role education plays in gender equality.B)Providing girls with equal educational opportunities.A)The importance of investment in girls’ education.D)Mobilizing funds to support girls’ education.B)Improve the educational environment for girls.Part III：概括大意与完成句子E)ways of tapping into their creative potential.G)case study of an incredible natural mathematician.C)intelligence is not determined solely by genetics.A)dedicated to nurturing children’s creativity.D)guide children correctly to a fulfilling life.B)stimulating their creative intelligence.Part IV：填空题48.accrued49.controversial50.counterpart51.pursuit52.counterparts53.radical54.spectrum55.collaboration56.renowned57.virtuallyPart V：补全短文H)inspiredB)specializedF)reliedI)advocatedG)consumeD)RepresentsE)acquireJ)attachA)enabledPart VI：完形填空B)potentialD)futureC)barelyA)lettingA)thatB)BesidesD)strengthsC)notA)ifB)are makingD)yourselfB)haveD)motivatingC)importantPart VII：阅读理解C)the process of forgettingA)encoding a new memory is fasterC)the hippocaumpusD)the location of weak memoriesB)Retrieval cues can reinstate the memory Part VIII：补全短文J)boundariesL)organizationE)brainstormingK)implementationG)prioritizingB)collaborateC)feasibleH)evaluationI)deadlineF)resourcesA)analyzePart IX：完形填空C)necessarilyB)losingD)rootedA)IfD)drivenB)givingC)ToA)inC)attainB)leadsPart X：翻译107.Irish literature108.ecological balance109.molecular biology110.global warming111.gravitational force112.social interactions113.cultural diversity114.economic recession115.democratic society116.climate change以上是2011年考研英语答案。
2011年学位英语真题及参考答案
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part, there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. If you go to the movie tonight, so ______ I .A. willB. doC. amD. can17. You don\'t know about the difficulty I had ______ the work then at all.A. doneB. to doC. for doingD. in doing18. ______ is well-known, the environment in China is badly in need of improvement.A. ItB. ThatC. AsD. What19. Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computers.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented20. With oil prices keeping ______, people are hesitating whether to buy a car or not.A. risingB. arisingC. raisingD. arousing21. I walked out of the cinema, ______ to return to see the wonderful film the next Sunday.A. determineB. being determinedC. determinedD. to be determined22. We were very disappointed at the ______ to our advertisement, and our products didn\'t sell well.A. repliesB. responseC. answersD. words23. My suggestion yesterday was that a meeting ______ to discuss the matter.A. should holdB. must be heldC. would be heldD. be held24. Before the guests come, I must get the glasses ______.A. washedB. to be washedC. being washedD. to wash25. Who would you rather have ______ the computer, Mr. Lin or Mr. Chen?A. repairedB. repairC. repairingD. to repair26. It turned out that the man was an excellent policeman working in New York, _____ had contributed a lot to the case.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where27. _____ you don\'t know the rule won\'t be a sufficient excuse for your failure.A. It isB. ThatC. BecauseD. What28. She is very ____ to ring me tonight. I can sense that.A. liableB. possibleC. likelyD. likeable29. Small talk is a good way to kill time, make friends and ____ something with others.A. argueB. replaceC. shareD. match30. Some people like drinking coffee, for it has _____ effects.A. promotingB. stimulatingC. enhancingD. encouragingPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer.(76)I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there\'s a big difference between "being a writer\' and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hour alone at a typewriter. "You\'ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer".The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance(自由栏目)writer, I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartmentbuilding. It didn\'t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that I barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write, I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering: What if ? (77 )I would keep putting my dream to the test even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.1. The passage is meant to ______.A. warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experienceB. advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writerC. show young people it\'s unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fameD. encourage young people to pursue a writing career2. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.B. A writer\'s success depends on luck rather than on efforts.C. Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.D. The chances for writer to become successful are small3. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?A. He wasn\'t able to produce a single book.B. He hadn\'t seen aching for the better.C. He wasn\'t able to have a rest for a whole year.D. He though that he lacked imagination.4. "…people who die wondering: What if ?"(Lin4-5, Para-3) refers to "those _____".A. who think too much of the dark side of lifeB. who regret giving up their career halfwayC. who think a lot without making a decisionD. who are full of imagination even upon death5. "Shadowland" in the last sentence refers to _____.A. the wonderland on often dreams aboutB. the bright future that one is looking forward toC. the state of uncertainty before one\'s final goal is reachedD. a world that exists only in one\'s imaginationPassage 2uestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Toady, experts believe that nearly two-thirds of the world\'s population live within eighty kilometers of the seacoast.(78)In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to supply many of man\'s needs in the future.The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man\'s technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. For example, warm temperature of the ocean can be used as the steam in a steamship. Sea may also offer a source of energy as electricity for mankind.Technology is enabling man to explore even deeper under the sea. It is obvious that the technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. (79)By the 2050, experts believe that the problems to explore the food, minerals and energy resources of the sea will have been largel7y solved.6. What is the beat title for the passage?A. Needs of Man.B. Sea Harvest and FoodC. Sea and Sources of EnergyD. Sea Exploring Technology.7. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. man hasn\'t completely made use of the riches of the seaB. technology for exploring the sea has been solvedC. harvesting rice in the sea will be made possibleD. in the near future man can live on the ocean floor8. Why does the author mention a steamship?A. To illustrate that man can make use of sources of energy from the sea.B. To show that a steamship is better than other kinds of ships.C. To argue that man should use steamships.D. To indicate that it is warmer in the ocean than on land.9. According to the author, technology is important because ______.A. resources on land are running short in ten yearsB. man can use it to explore the deeper seaC. it is a lot of fun diving into the seaD. ancient people used it to explore the sea10. According to the author, when will the problems to explore the deeper sea largely be solved?A. In the next generation.B. By the end of the 20th century.C. In the near future.D. By the middle of the 21st century.Passage 3estions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Today, cigarette smoking is a common habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given up smoking.It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is 24-44.Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person\'s smoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smoked at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.The situation is somewhat different for women.(80)There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.11. What do we know from the first paragraph ?A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking.B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA.C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking.D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country.12.What factors determine a person\'s smoking habits ?A. Age, income and education.B. Age, sex and income.C. Occupation, income and sex.D. Occupation, income and education.13.Which of the following is true according to the passage ?A. City people are less likely to smoke.B. People in rural areas are more likely to smoke.C. Men with higher income tend to smoke.D. Well-educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke.14.What is the smoking situation for women ?A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men .B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily.C. There are more women smokers with low incomes.D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke.15.What can we say about teenaged smokers ?A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers.B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men.C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students.D. Farmers\' children tend to smoke more.Part Ⅲ Identification (10%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one that is not correct. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.46.He [invited]me [to go] to a party [and] I did not want to[join him] that evening.A B C D47.The information [which] she[ was injured] in [the accident] [was given] by Liz.A B C D48.[Look at] the beautiful [flowers] here ! [How] wonderful they [are smelling].A B C D49.Dear Helen, please [forgive] him [for] his [rudeness], [can you] ?A B C D50.[Did]anyone[inform] you [with] the change of the schedule thatA B C[had been decided] yesterday ?D51.[Despite] his old [age], he is still [very healthful] and [often works ]in the field.A B C D52.This [equipment] is [based upon] advanced [techniques] and it isA B C[highly reliable].D53.It is [about time] that we [go to supper], [for] we still have a meeting [to attend] this evening. A B C D54.[Every now and then] he [would come] here [paying a visit to] his old aunt,A B Cwho lived [all alone] in a small house.D55.The passengers [saw] the thief [stole] [on the bus], but they [didn\'t say] anything.A B C DPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fit into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.When I was 16 years old, I made my first visit to the United States it wasn\'t the first time I had been 56 . Like most English children I learned French at school and I had often 57 to France, I so I was used 58 a foreign language to people who did not understand 59 . But when I went to America I was really looking forward to 60 a nice easy holiday without any 61 problems.How wrong I was ! the misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a 62 telephone to give my American friend Danny a 63 and tell her I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me 64 lost and asked 65 he could help me. "Yes," I said, "I want to give my friend a ring." "Well, that\'s 66 " he exclaimed. "Are you getting 67 ? But aren\'t you a bit 68 ?" "Who is talking about marriage?" I replied. "I 69 want to give a ring to tell he I\'ve arrived. Can you tell me where there\'s a phone box?" "Oh!" he said, " There\'s a phone downstairs."When at last we 70 meet up, Danny 71 the misunderstandings to me. " Don\'t worry," she said to me . "I had so many 72 at first. There are lots of words words which the Americans 73 differently in meaning from 74 . You\'ll soon get used to 75 things they say. Most of the time British and American people understand each other!"56. A. out B. aboard C. away D. abroad57. A. gone B. been C. got D. come58. A. to speak B. for speaking C. to speaking D. to speaking of59. A. English B. French C. Russian D. Latin60. A. having B. buying C. giving D. receiving61. A. time B. human C. money D. language62. A. perfect B. popular C. public D. pleasant63. A. ring B. letter C. word D. message64. A. to look B. looking like C. looking D. feeling like65. A. that B. if C. where D. when66. A. well B. strange C. nice D. funny67. A. to marry B. marrying C. to be married D. married68. A. small B. smart C. little D. young69. A. very B. just C. so D. just now70. A. did B. could C. do D. can71. A. described B. explained C. talked D. expressed72. A. trouble B. difficulties C. fun D. things73. A. write B. speak C. use D. read74. A. us British B. British us C. us Britain D. we British75. A. such B. these C. some D. all thePart Ⅴ Translation (20%)Section ADirections: In this part, there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in the part of Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.76. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there\'s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing.77. I would keep putting my dream to the test even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of fai8lure.78. In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive.79. By the year 2050, experts believe that the problems to explore the food, minerals and energy resources of the sea will have been largely solved.80. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups.Section BDirections: In this part, there are five sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English. Be sure to write clearly.81.事实上，水污染的危害远不止这点。
2011年考研英语真题及答案详解
2011年考研英语真题及答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ---__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the mo st part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to dois to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20thcentury. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must fir st change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regard ing Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two w eeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always la nded in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the siteseem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I loveMy Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on the ir “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: Englishde partments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universitieshave professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the producti on of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire,Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a r ationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案非官方，仅供参考Section I Use of English1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.D 38.A 39.D 40.BPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.FPart C Translation46. 我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想；爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。
2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。
作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。
二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。
鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。
A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。
B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。
2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。
空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety andsecurity to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。
A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案解析
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section I Use of? EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved2bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that alread y have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sens e of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1．2．3．4．5．6．7．8．9．10．11．on on in in12．vain effect return contrast13．14．15．16．17．18．19．20．Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldma n Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directo rs are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. The y fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure, thefirm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable becausethey .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Econ omic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who likeother people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means t hat less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for exam ple, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and pro portions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influen ce on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers –but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’ .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, we aker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is st uck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing forgovernments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: ., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck beca use the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting publ ic health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to shop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food products such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain’s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity，diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.“Thirty years ago, it would hav e been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,” said the leader of the UK’s children’s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufactures of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change Life campaign, the centerpiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how “lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behavior.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. “If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events,” he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “if children ar e taught about the impact that food had on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between and grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and notjust by big companies.Section IV?? WritingPart A: Suppose your cousin Li Ming has been admitted to a him/her a letter to1)congratulate him/her, and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B: write an essay based on the following chart .In your writing you should1)interpret the chart ,and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌份额示意图2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDTEXT 1参考答案21．A。
2011年考研英语真题及完整答案
2011年考研英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution threeMany recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,”says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example,has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love MyChildren, I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own”(read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education”should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hoursfell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,”creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “We do not attract what we want, but what we are.”Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to anindividual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案1-5 ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
2011年考研英语真题答案与解析
2011年考研英语真题答案与解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishAncient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health”. But 1(C.despite) some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2(D.produce) short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3(B.boosting) heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4(B.sustain), a good laugh is unlikely to have 5(A.measurable) benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.6(B.In fact), instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7(A.opposite). Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter8(D.relaxes) muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9(C.moderate) the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10(A.physical) feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. 11(B.According to) one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12(C.in) physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13(D.because) they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also 14(C.precedes) tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow15(B.from) muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16(D.hold) a pen either with their teeth — thereby creating an artificial smile— or with their lips, which would produce a(n)17(A.disappointed) expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18(D.reacted) more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19(A.suggesting) that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20(C.Similarly), the physical act of laughter could improve mood.古希腊哲学家亚里士多德认为笑是“一种身体运动，对健康来讲非常珍贵”。
2011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析
2011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12011年研究生学位英语考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 25 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The Devastation of the FamineThe Great Famine that struck Ireland between 1845 and 1849 was a humanitarian catastrophe that resulted in the death of nearly a million people and the ____1____ of another two million.A series of potato blights, ____2____ by a fungus calledphytophthora infestans, caused the staple crop upon which a large proportion of the Irish population depended to fail repeatedly. The government, led by Sir Robert Peel initially responded by importing corn in an attempt to ____3____ the Irish population. However, the harsh economic circumstances of the time meant that poverty was widespread. There were impossible tolls to be paid just in order to transport the corn to local markets and the potato blight had spread to the only other crop the Irish could depend upon: oats.Word Bank:A) starvation B) plaguedC) escape D) sufferingE) provided F) deterioratingG) distributed H) deliverI) crumbling J) accompaniedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Lincoln-Douglas DebatesIn 1858 Illinois held a series of seven public debates for a United States Senate seat between the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, and the Democratic candidate, Stephen Douglas. The debates were an integral part of the ______4____ and were intended to gain _____5____ crucial to their respective campaigns. Douglas was a well-known incumbent who had held the seat for two terms and was seeking re-election. Lincoln, a former one-term congressman and unsuccessful opponent of Douglas in the _____6____ election for the same seat, challenged him to a series of debates.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (40 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.1. The poor living conditions of children reflect their ________ status in society.A. relativelyB. immovableC. hazardousD. subordinate2. The corporation has fired a number of employees as part of a restructuring _______.A. bindingB. initiativeC. differentialD. libertyPart III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 30 points)A) Directions: There are two passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage OneQuestions:7. What was the main focus of the Great Famine in Ireland?A. Social unrestB. Economic collapseC. Agricultural disasterD. Political corruption8. What caused the potato crops to fail repeatedly during the Great Famine?A. Pesticide overuseB. Harsh economic circumstancesC. Phytophthora infestansD. Sir Robert Peel's policiesPassage TwoQuestions:9. Who were the two candidates in the 1858 Illinois Senate debates?A. Abraham Lincoln and Stephen DouglasB. Stephen Douglas and John F. KennedyC. Abraham Lincoln and Barack ObamaD. Henry Clay and Abraham Lincoln10. What was the role of the debates in the political campaigns of Lincoln and Douglas?A. To divide the votersB. To engage in intellectual discussionsC. To gain support from the publicD. To seek endorsements from prominent figuresPart IV Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.The Theory of Evolution is one of the most revolutionary scientific theories in the history of biology. Introduced by Charles Darwin in his seminal work "On the Origin of Species," the theory proposes that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors through the process of natural selection. The theory has had profound implications for our understanding of the natural world and has revolutionized the field of biology.2011年研究生学位英语考试答案解析Part I Reading ComprehensionSection A1. A) starvation2. B) plagued3. E) provided4. D) suffering5. H) deliver6. F) deteriorating7. C) Agricultural disaster8. C) Phytophthora infestansSection B4. B5. C6. A篇22011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析The Graduate School English Test (GRE) is an important examination that many students have to take in order to pursue advanced degrees in various fields. In 2011, the GRE exam had a specific format and set of questions that challenged the test takers' language skills and comprehension abilities. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2011 GRE exam, as well as offer detailed explanations for the answers to some of the questions.The 2011 GRE exam consisted of three main sections: Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, and Analytical Writing. The Verbal Reasoning section focused on assessing the test takers' ability to understand and analyze written passages, while the Quantitative Reasoning section tested their math skills. The Analytical Writing section required students to write two essays based on provided prompts.One of the questions from the Verbal Reasoning section in the 2011 GRE exam presented a passage about the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecological balance. The question asked test takers to identify the main idea of the passage and choose the best possible answer. The correct answer was "B" which stated that biodiversity is crucial for the health of ecosystems.In the Quantitative Reasoning section, students encountered questions that tested their ability to solve math problems and apply mathematical concepts. One question in this section asked test takers to calculate the percentage of a certain number in relation to another number. The correct answer was determined by dividing the first number by the second number and multiplying the result by 100.In the Analytical Writing section, students had to write two essays that demonstrated their ability to think critically and express their ideas clearly. One of the prompts asked students to discuss the pros and cons of social media in society. Test takers were required to provide examples and evidence to support their arguments and present a well-structured essay.In conclusion, the 2011 GRE exam was a challenging test that assessed students' language skills, math abilities, and criticalthinking skills. By preparing thoroughly and familiarizing themselves with the format of the exam, test takers were able to perform well and achieve high scores. Studying past GRE exams and practicing with sample questions can help students improve their test-taking abilities and increase their chances of success in the exam.篇32011研究生学位英语考试真题及答案解析Introduction:The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a standardized test that is required for admission to most graduate schools in the United States. It measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills that have been acquired over a long period of time and that are not related to any specific field of study. In this document, we will take a look at the 2011 GRE exam, including sample questions and answer explanations to help you better prepare for the test.Verbal Reasoning Section:1. Sentence Equivalence:- Sample question: The author's writing style was so ________ that it was difficult to follow his arguments.- Options: A) convoluted B) lucid C) concise D) verbose E) ambiguous F) meticulous- Answer: A) convoluted- Explanation: The correct answer is convoluted because it means intricate or difficult to follow, which is the opposite of lucid (clear) and concise (succinct).2. Text Completion:- Sample question: The politician's speech was filled with empty promises and ________ rhetoric that failed to resonate with the audience.- Options: A) sincere B) insincere C) blunt D) persuasive E) ineffective- Answer: B) insincere- Explanation: The correct answer is insincere because it fits the context of the sentence, which is negative and suggests that the rhetoric was not genuine.Quantitative Reasoning Section:1. Multiple Choice:- Sample question: If a car travels at a speed of 60 miles per hour, how far will it have traveled in 3 hours?- Options: A) 100 miles B) 120 miles C) 140 miles D) 160 miles E) 180 miles- Answer: E) 180 miles- Explanation: The correct answer is E) 180 miles because you can calculate this by multiplying the speed (60 miles per hour) by the time (3 hours).2. Numeric Entry:- Sample question: What is the value of 2(x + 3) when x = 5?- Answer: 16- Explanation: The correct answer is 16 because you substitute x = 5 into the equation to get 2(5 + 3) = 2(8) = 16.Analytical Writing Section:1. Argument Essay:- Sample question: The following appeared in a memo from the director of marketing at Dura-Sock, a small company that makes athletic socks:"Our marketing department recently conducted a survey of consumers in our target market, and we found that over 80% of respondents agreed that Dura-Sock is the most durable and comfortable sock on the market. Therefore, we should increase our advertising budget to capitalize on this positive perception and increase our market share."- Answer: This argument is flawed because it relies onself-reported data from a biased sample of consumers and does not provide any evidence to support the claim that increasing the advertising budget will lead to a significant increase in market share.2. Issue Essay:- Sample question: "It is more important for students to study history and literature than it is for them to study science and mathematics."- Answer: While studying history and literature is important for developing critical thinking and communication skills, studying science and mathematics is crucial for understanding the world around us and solving complex problems. Therefore, both areas of study are equally important for a well-rounded education.Conclusion:In conclusion, the 2011 GRE exam tested students on a range of skills, including verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing. By practicing sample questions and reviewing answer explanations, students can better prepare for the test and improve their chances of success. Remember to study consistently and seek help from tutors or study materials to enhance your performance on the exam. Good luck!。
中国科学院大学2011年6月研究生入学英语学位考试真题及答案详解
AGENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJun2511)PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A ( 1 point each)1. A. Go shopping.B. Go car racing.C. Go to work.D. Go on a trip.2. A. Because she hasn‘t been on line lately.B. Because she has too much work to do.C. Because she is on a vacation.D. Because she has been busy typing.3. A. Go to an emergency exit.B. Enjoy herself in the park.C. Move her van right away.D. Try to find the road sign.4. A. A secretary.B. A salesperson.C. A tennis player.D. A receptionist.5. A. She deserves the promotion.B. She has to transfer to another job site.C. She‘ll pay for the dinner this time.D. She‘ll invite her parents over for a celebration.6. A. She should drop the biochemistry class.B. She should try harder.C. He prefers to learn rocket science.D. He can‘t understand it either.7. A. She totally dislikes it. B. She prefers the old one.C. It may lack practical value.D. It is much better than expected.8. A. 7: 00. B. 7: 30.C. 9: 00.D. 9:30.9. A. She was told about the trip beforehand.B. She was helped to pick up the beans.C. She was so excited that she revealed the news.D. She was not enthusiastic about the trip.Section B (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After eachquestion, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. High expectations.B. Excellence and value.C. Terror and violence.D. Strength and power.11. A. Attend a sleepover.B. Play a piece of music.C. Watch TV.D. Be in a school play.12. A. Her parenting methods are limited to Chinese families.B. She brought up her daughters with an extreme parenting method.C. Her daughters were given enough time to follow their own interests.D. She had low expectations of her children‘s abilities.Mini-talk Two13. A. 650 million dollars.B. 560 million dollars.C. 40 million dollars.D. 50 million dollars.14. A. Saint Paul.B. Chapel of Love.C. The Nickelodeon Universe.D. Underwater Adventures.15. A. Tasting the delicious food.B. Getting married.C. Visiting a campus.D. Seeing ocean animals.Section C (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you areasked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds toread the notes below.(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上)16. The first tip on how to reduce your test stress is to use a little stress _______ (3 words).17. Good study (3 words) are important to learning effectively and doing well ontests.18. If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts, replace them with (2 words).19.Everyone makes mistakes. Learning to tolerate small ( 3 words) is a valuableskill.20. Taking care of your health can help keep your mind (4 words).PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. There used to be many guys who asserted themselves as all-powerful Chi Kung masters in China.A. conformedB. informedC. affirmedD. performed22. Children from an obscure family have to make greater efforts to climb the social ladder.A. unknownB. prominentC. controversialD. rural23. A permanent job plus a decent salary is what most of these young guys in China hope for.A. nobleB. adequateC. modestD. polite24. These transit workers went on strike in defiance of the relevant union policy.A. in line withB. in return forC. in response toD. in spite of25. This retired scientist takes on leadership roles with nearly every organization she is part of.A. assumesB. opposesC. pretendsD. desires26. Winslow Homer captured the look and spirit of American life with unparalleled eloquence.A. incredibleB. inevitableC. unmatchedD. unnoticed27. Many parents encounter occasions when their child doesn‘t turn in their homework assignments.A. participate inB. hand inC. engage inD. invest in28. The two elements of success that are intimately connected are creativity and innovation.A. familiarlyB. approximatelyC. looselyD. closely29. Jonathan Alter once said that admission of guilt tends to breed public sympathy.A. produceB. concealC. evadeD. combat30. Seawater near the Fukushima plant is showing elevated levels of radioactivity in Japan.A. stabilizedB. reducedC. increasedD. saturatedSection B (0.5 point each)31. The full impact of the recent tsunami caused by an earthquake in Japan is _______ to predict.A. unlikelyB. impossibleC. unableD. incapable32. A simple blood test may help identify those _______ high risk of dying from heart disease.A. inB. onC. atD. for33. Although US new home sales begin to _______ speed, the rate is still near historical lows.A. turn upB. pick upC. set upD. break up34. It was already dark _______ I got up from my seat and prepared to leave my office.A. by the timeB. since the timeC. until the timeD. during the time35. Health care providers wish to improve their _______ through regular continuing education.A. equivalenceB. competenceC. relevanceD. prevalence36. Auto makers should never _______the quality of products amid fierce competition.A. bring into playB. make sense ofC. lose sight ofD. end up with37. Mayor Pat Patterson said this new initiative _______ improving parking and pedestrian access.A. involvesB. evolvesC. dissolvesD. resolves38. Many of the foreign friends of the Chinese are _______ at the radical changes in China.A. dismayedB. amazedC. startledD. shocked39. These researchers intend to _______ this research until there is some substantial finding.A. insist onB. call onC. live onD. carry on40. Men and women of all ages can benefit from _______ amounts of daily physical exercise.A. considerateB. desperateC. moderateD. literatePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)What relationship is regarded as good for partners? There is no universal, ideal model ___41___ which a relationship can be evaluated. A ―good relationship‖ is one that works for both partners and effectively supports them in achieving their goals. If this is not working at some point, it does not ___42___ mean that the couple requires therapy. All relationships tend to encounter problems during ___43___ periods and at different stages, and many couples have a good ability ___44___ their difficulties without professional help. However, some may find that they are continually unhappy with their relationship. Sometimes one partner feels frustrated and misunderstood ___45___ his or her mate is totally unaware of the situation.If the couple are unable to resolve issues in a ___46___ that is acceptable to both partners, professional help should be considered. Many couples only consider therapy as a last ___47___. It may, however, be helpful at any time. ___48___, seeking therapy soon after things get ―stuck‖prevents a ___49___ of frustration and disappointment. The aim of couple therapy is not only to help the couple deal appropriately with immediate problems, but also to achieve better ways of relating ___50___.41. A. to B. against C. for D. at42. A. certainly B. definitely C. necessarily D. fundamentally43. A. fictional B. peaceful C. eventual D. stressful44. A. of solving B. to solving C. in solving D. to solve45. A. while B. so C. unless D. where46. A. respect B. manner C. method D. view47. A. resort B. creature C. meal D. beginning48. A. On the contrary B. On one hand C. For example D. First of all49. A. laptop B. jetlag C. takeoff D. buildup50. A. in detail B. in general C. in vain D. in forcePART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneRemember Farid Seif? Mr Seif is the Houston Iranian-American businessman who mistakenly carried a Glock handgun through security, onto a plane, all the way from Houston to Indianapolis. When he got to his destination and realized his mistake, he alerted security officials. There was reportedly ―nothing else‖ in Mr Seif‘s carry-on besides the weapon. Yet the security screeners at George Bush International, America‘s eighth-busiest airport, missed it entirely. The scariest part of that story was that Transportation Security Administration officials told reporters that this type of incident was ―not uncommon.‖Now another Texas airport, Dallas-Fort Worth, is proving the point. This week, a high-level TSA source told the local NBC affiliate that ―An undercover TSA agent was able to get through security at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport with a handgun during testing of the enhanced-imaging body scanners.‖The TSA insider who blew the whistle on the test also said that none of the TSA agents who failed to spot the gun on the scanned image were disciplined. The source said the agents continue to work the body scanners today.This is not confidence-inspiring. If TSA screeners can‘t even stop guns getting through security, why are they taking away our bottled water? Incidents like this only lend incentives to TSA critics who say the whole airport security apparatus is an enormous waste of time and money. The TSA‘s attitude towards the reporting of these sorts of messes isn‘t helpful, either. They only provided NBC with a brief statement claiming that they don‘t reveal the results of secret testing for ―security reasons‖and arguing that ―advanced imaging technology is an effective tool to detect both metallic and nonmetallic items hidden on passengers.‖ That‘s pretty much the public affairs equivalent of sticking their fingers in their ears and saying ―lalalalala we can‘t hear you!‖It is really hard to have an accountable TSA without greater transparency about the results ofsecret testing. Instead of leaking hints to the press that failure rates have decreased since the last public reports, the TSA should back up its whispering with actual data. If it won‘t, some enterprising congressional committee should order it. ―Trust us that this works‖ just isn‘t cutting it anymore.51. Mr. Seif‘s handgun ________.A. passed the check at the Houston airportB. caused big trouble for himself in HoustonC. was tracked down by officials in IndianapolisD. triggered a series of false alarms in Indianapolis52. What happened at Dallas-Fort Worth ________.A. helped rebuild public confidenceB. was merely an unusual accidentC. caused greater concern over securityD. resulted in unexpected disorder53. After the Dallas-Fort Worth report, TSA ________.A. reluctantly punished the relevant agentsB. allowed the relevant agents to stay in positionC. enhanced security check at relevant airportsD. began to reconsider relevant security methods54. The TSA‘s statement concerning the reported cases shows that they are ________.A. practicalB. uncooperativeC. reliableD. unpredictable55. What is the author‘s demand for TSA?A. No more secret testing.B. Promising to be responsible.C. Rapid response to emergency.D. Releasing results with evidence.56. The last sentence of the passage suggests that the author‘s attitude to the TSA is ________.A. appreciativeB. criticalC. tolerantD. indifferentPassage TwoOnce upon a time, staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics—spend more than you earned. Unfortunately for many,but perhaps not surprisingly, it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.To stay a healthy weight, you need a hormone called leptin to work properly. It sends ―I‘m full‖ messages from the fat cells up to the brain, where they go, among other places, to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine. Obese people produce plenty of leptin, but the brain doesn‘t seem to respond to it properly. Last year, researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuits were underactive. They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.There‘s a lot of evidence for the fact that most, if not all, of us have a set point around which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos, but anything beyond that is a real struggle. Making changes is hard, particularly if your body is working against you. So why not ditch the traditional approaches and try some new methods, based on the latest research, that work with your body rather than against it.Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next, they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet. The same goes for humans, according to Dr James Johnson.How does it work? Besides forcing the body to burn fat, it may also trigger hormonal changes. Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to, but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.Older dieters may remember something called brown fat. Unlike the undesirable white stuff, this was a dieter‘s dream. Instead of storing excess energy as fat, brown-fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm—at least in mice. Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn‘t find much in humans but now, thanks to the New England Journal of Medicine, it‘s back in fashion. The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures. They then make more brown fat and their weight drops.57. The last sentence in Paragraph 1 means that people‘s understanding of losing weight ________.A. seems rather unreasonableB. is unnecessarily complicatedC. used to be limitedD. can be partly justified58. According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute, ________.A. overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amountB. overweight people enjoy eating more than the others doC. people will become overweight if they eat more than they needD. people are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin59. The method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as ―________‖.A. no diet at allB. diet on a daily basisC. diet every other dayD. diet permanently60. The word ―grinding‖ in the Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.A. effectiveB. realisticC. unreliableD. miserable61. It can be learned that brown fat ________.A. converts excess energy into fatB. works better in warm temperaturesC. burns extra energy to produce heatD. accumulates easily in human bodies62. The author‘s purpose in writing is to ________.A. compare the various ways of cutting caloriesB. recommend new methods of losing weightC. point out the misconceptions of losing weightD. clarify the common myth about weight lossPassage ThreeA study by Dr David Lewis from The University of Sussex, who coined the term ―road rage‖, found that motorists face a hidden mental health impact from the stresses of driving, while bus travel can produce long-term health benefits.For the experiment, the heart rate and EDR (Electro-Dermal Response) of 30 commuters was measured when taking similar journeys by car and bus. The findings reveal a vast difference in EDR, a form of biophysical measurement that indicates mental stress. The EDR results suggested that taking the car produced significantly more stress than taking the bus, which was 33% less stressful.―EDR can be a hidden stress - it‘s not as visible as intensely nervous driving or audible as road rage. This type of stress can have long-term physiological and emotional implications,‖ said Dr Lewis, who finds three key factors that increase the stresses of driving a car.Driving in heavy traffic - especially against a deadline - requires a high level of attention. This requires the brain to work especially hard processing a myriad of incoming information and making, often split-second, decisions.Congestion and delays can raise blood pressure and physical tension which may manifest itself as ‗road rage‘, having serious long-term health consequences and causing drivers sometimes to take reckless and foolish decisions. Driving in congested traffic now outweighs any previous benefits car-driving once gave.A sense of frustration of ‗wasting one‘s life‘behind the wheel of the car, unable to doanything more productive than casual conversations or listening to the radio. On a bus it is possible to fill the time more profitably by doing some work or reading.He also notes that highly trained, professional bus drivers are skilled in negotiating the challenges of the road, and the relief of trusting someone else to be in charge of the journey is a key part of what makes taking the bus less stressful.He encourages people to get out of their cars and on to the bus for trips where it makes sense - such as shopping in town or heading to a restaurant – so that you don‘t need to battle traffic or find parking. Switching simple journeys can help achieve the goal of taking a billion car journeys off the road. All it will take is everyone shifting around a trip a month.63. The finding of the study mentioned in this passage is that _______.A. cars cause more traffic accidents than busesB. driving a car is more stressful than taking a busC. high blood pressure is harmful to human healthD. car driving is accompanied by many distractions64. The term ―road rage‖ probably refers to ________.A. the sudden heart attack that drivers suffer fromB. the explosive outbursts of anger shown by motoristsC. traffic accidents arising from bad-tempered driversD. the panic caused by traffic congestions65. All of the following are considered a source of stress during car driving EXCEPT _______.A. heavy trafficB. traffic jamsC. unfamiliar roadsD. a sense of waste of time66. One of the advantages of a bus ride is that _______.A. you can do something productive on the roadB. there is no fear of taking the wrong roadC. no passenger suffers from high blood pressureD. you can get to your destination quickly67. This passage is intended to _______.A. urge the public to stop using cars altogetherB. advise people to take a bus instead of a car when possibleC. tell people how to ward off stress while driving a carD. highlight the causes of stress in a city68. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Car driving: a demanding but exciting jobB. Traffic jams: a source of diseases and conflictsC. Road rage: a frequent occurrence on the wayD. Bus travel: one third less stressful than the carPassage FourThe term ―g‖ (general intelligence) represents a measure of overall cognitive ability across a variety of tests. It‘s not the same as IQ but it does tend to correlate. Everyone agrees that ―g‖ tends to run in families. But is this down to genetics or to environmental influences?However, no single gene has yet been conclusively linked to intelligence. Rather it appears to be a case of complex interactions on many levels between many different genes.Identical twins have exactly the same genes, while non-identical twins share about half their genes. Another feature of twins that makes them an ideal choice for studies is that they tend to be raised in pretty much the same environment. If a particular feature is the same in identical twins, but not in non-identical twins, then chances are it‘s mainly genes that are controlling that feature.So what do the twin studies show? Well, first degree relatives tend to have ―g‖ correlation of about 0.4 -0.5. (Perfect correlation is 1; correlation of 0 means that the 2 things in question are totally unrelated). Identical twins have a correlation of 0.85, while for non–identical twins it‘s about 0.6. Which suggests that genes play a very important role, but are not the only factor, since if they were, the correlation between identical twins would be 1.Identical twins reared apart are almost as similar in ―g‖scores as those reared together. Adopted children and their adoptive parents have a ―g‖ correlation of zero, while adopted children and their biological parents tend to have the same correlations as any parent–child pair. So although genes don‘t seem to be the only thing affecting intelligence, their effects seem to be constant and apparently not overridden by environment.Does heritability of intelligence alter over a lifetime? Remarkably, it appears so. ―g‖heritability climbs gradually from 20% in babies to 40% in children, peaking at 60% in adults. Why this should be is still a matter of speculation. It‘s been suggested that as our cognitive abilities become more complex, new genes may come into play that were not needed when brain functions were less sophisticated. Or individuals may be drawn towards environments that fit with their genetic makeup, as time goes by and genetic effects that started out small in childhood build up together during adulthood.69. All of the following statements about ―g‖ are true EXCEPT _______.A. ―g‖ is to some extent inheritedB. ―g‖ correlates with IQC. ―g‖ can be attributed to a single geneD. ―g‖ is a measure of cognitive ability70. Identical twins are chosen as the subjects of the study because _______.A. they have the same genes and live in the same environmentB. they have some genes linked to general intelligenceC. they have the same heritability of intelligenceD. they are alike in everything except for intelligence71. The studies on twins‘ general intelligence show that _______.A. nothing but genes can determine ―g‖B. genes play an important role in ―g‖C. the correlation between identical twins is 1D. identical twins are more intelligent72. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _______.A. environment plays a more important role in ―g‖ than genesB. an adopted child can become as clever as the step-parentsC. ―g‖ changes with the living environmentD. parenting has less effect on one‘s ―g‖ than genes73. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.A. it is easy to identify what determines our intelligenceB. genes are a more important determinant of ―g‖ than environmentC. identical twins have exactly the same IQD. IQ depends more on environment than on genes74. It seems that heritability of intelligence _______.A. has been clearly explainedB. declines as we grow upC. increases with our ageD. remains unchanged all our lifePassage FiveI was born on the last day of February. I‘ve always felt sorry for February, squeezed between the big months of January (named for the Roman god Janus, keeper of gateways) and March (after Mars, the god of war).The first Roman calendar, legend has it, had 10 months and no February. Beginning at the vernal equinox (春分) with March, it ended with December. In an agricultural society, winter wasof little importance, and thus went undivided.January and February were added about 700 B.C. by the second king of Rome, Numa Pompilius. He made all the months 29 or 31 days, but shortened February, the last month of the year, by giving it only 28.By the time of Julius Caesar, the calendar was three months out of sync with the solar year. This prompted Caesar to announce a new calendar in 46 B.C. Although there is some dispute—some historians say Caesar gave February 29 days—most believe his calendar preserved a 28-day February (with 29 days only in a leap year).Next, it was the church‘s turn. In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII decreed a new calendar in Europe. Many changes were made, but the Pope passed up yet another chance to grant February equality with the other months.It‘s messy, even dangerous, changing how we measure time, but Pope Gregory was hardly the last one to try. The League of Nations received over 150 new calendar designs, and the United Nations has considered more proposals since. Just to name a few, there‘s the 30x11 Calendar (which supersizes December to 35 or 36 days) and the Kluznickian Calendar (which adds the month of Aten, after an Egyptian sun god). Each proposal involves something that supposedly modernizes the calendar.But I have a simpler proposal that won‘t lead to chaos, and will correct the historical injustices against February: move the last day of January and the last day of March into February to make it a normal month with 30 days, and a respectable 31 on leap years. This would not add or subtract a single day from the calendar year.As an added benefit, making the first three months of the year each 30 days would bring them into closer alignment with the lunar cycle. It‘s a great idea. And unlike Julius and Augustus, I won‘t even demand a month named in my honor.75. It is said that in the first Roman calendar, ________.A. all months were equally dividedB. December was the longest monthC. February was the shortest monthD. January and February were merged into one76. The 12-month calendar was first announced by ________.A. Julius CaesarB. Pope Gregory XIIIC. AugustusD. Numa Pompilius77. According to most historians, the new calendar in 46 B.C. ________.A. gave February 29 days for the first timeB. unveiled many mysteries surrounding FebruaryC. followed the tradition on FebruaryD. made February equal with other months78. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. most people today are not interested in changing the calendarB. there is no point in changing the current calendarC. people have been trying to make changes to the calendarD. it is urgent for us to make improvements to the calendar79. The author suggests in the last paragraph that his proposal ________.A. is easy to carry outB. is simpler than the othersC. will trigger little disputeD. makes scientific sense80. The author‘s purpose in writing the passage is to ________.A. emphasize that February should be extendedB. rewrite the history of February in the calendarC. explain why February should be the shortest monthD. compare various proposals to make February longerPAPER TWOPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)No one is going to spend much time deciding whether to read a printed advertisement or listen to a spoken one. If their attention is not attracted in no time and held firmly for the short amount of time necessary to absorb what is being said, then the advertisement will have failed miserably. The language of advertising, therefore, must be a language of immediate impact and rapid persuasion. It must bring the advertised product into attention, highlight its qualities, clearly outline the reason for buying it, and, preferably, leave a memorable echo of what has been said about the product ringing in the reader‘s or listener‘s mind.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)有些大学毕业生容易找到工作，他们的特点是学习成绩好，愿意从事低收入的工作。
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KEYS
(20110625)
A 卷
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Section A
1. C
2.B
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. C
9.A
Section B
10. D 11. B 12.B 13.A 14. C 15. C
Section C
16. to your advantage.
17. habits and skills.
18. positive messages.
19. failures and mistakes.
20. working at its best.
PART II VOCABULARY
21-30 C A B D A C B D A C
31-40 B C B A B C A B D C
PART III CLOZE TEST
41. B 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. B
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION
51. A 52. C 53. B 54. B 55.D 56. B 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. B 64. B 65. C 66. A 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. A
71 B 72. D 73. B 74. C 75. B 76. D 77. C 78. C 79. D 80. A
B 卷
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Section A
Section A
1. C
2.D
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. C
Section B
10. B 11. C 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B
Section C
16. to your advantage.
17. habits and skills.
18. positive messages.
19. failures and mistakes.
20. working at its best.
PART II VOCABULARY
21-30 D A B C B D A C A D
31-40 D B C B D A B C A C
PART III CLOZE TEST
C 47.
A 49.
D 50.
B
A 48.
41.
A 42.
C 43.
D 45.B 46.
B 44.
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION
51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. A 61.D 62. B 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. D 71. C 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. C 76. D 77 B 78. A 79. D 80. C
试卷二
PART V TRANSLATION
Section A：英译汉参考译文：
没人会花很长时间来决定是阅读印刷的广告还是听播放的广告。
如果广告不能马上吸引人们的注意力，使其专注片刻，足以理解广告内容，那么这个广告会惨败。
因此，广告词的效果必须是立竿见影，马上让你心动。
广告词必须让人关注所介绍的产品，突出其性能，简明介绍购买它的理由，最好使读者或听众对产品的介绍留下深刻印象，并能长久回荡在其脑海里。
Section B：汉译英参考答案：
Jobs come easily to college graduates who …( Some college graduates can find jobs / work / employment / get employed easily, who…) are characterized by academic excellence and the willingness to do low-income / poorly-paid jobs. The two factors are equally important / of equal importance / equal in importance. Working where you can prove your own worth / value is a crucial / key step towards success. For example, Obama started as a community organizer, who was unlikely to expect (could not have expected / probably did not expect ) that he could become president of the United States.
以下翻译方式酌情扣分：
1.…graduates are easy to find jobs. 属于严重错误。
2.…find a work. work不可数.
3.….characterized by willing to…或…willingness of doing….
4.…factors are the same important. 属于严重错误。
5.…prove the value of oneself / oneself’s value (worth)
6.…who was impossible to expect… 属于严重错误。
…who could not expect…
1.1 Jobs come easily to college graduates who are characterized by academic excellence and the willingness to do low-income jobs.
1.2 Some college graduates can get employed easily. What they have in common is good academic performance and willingness to do low-income jobs.
1.3 It is easy for some college graduates to find a job. They usually have a good academic record. They are also willing to do poorly-paid jobs.
2.1 The two factors are of equal importance. equal in importance
2.2 The two factors are equally important
3.1 It is a key step to success to be able to work in a position that shows your abilities.
3.2 Working where you can prove your own value is a crucial step towards success.
4.1 For example, Obama started as a community organizer, who was unlikely to expect that he could become president of the United States.
4.2 For example, Obama started as a community organizer. He could not have expected that he could become president of the United States.
4.3 For example, Obama’s first job was a community organizer. It was impossible for him to anticipate presidency of the United States.。