抽象名词具体化

have an area of, a collection of, in a hurry, all of a sudden, take/have a look(bath/break/nap), have a walk/swim/sleep

①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。 抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词） in surprise惊讶地 win success获得成功 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉
an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
a failure失败者
Failure(失败)is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 by experience靠经验 youth青春 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 with pleasure乐意

go to school(上学读书) go to the school（上学校也许是送报纸 的） go to church（去做礼拜） go to the church（去那个教堂未必是 信徒或牧师） be in prison （坐牢） be in the prison（在那个监狱未必是犯 人） be at school （在上学） be at the school（在那所学校未必是老 师或学生） in hospital（住院） be in the hospital（在那家医院未必是 医生或病人） go to bed（去睡觉） go to the bed（未必是睡觉也许是铺床 或拿东东） 此外：in debt（负债）;in mind（记在心上）;after class（课 后）;at table（吃饭）;at night/noon,etc.
③有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富 语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。 Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties. Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting? Many thanks for your kindness. No pains, no gains. After many failures, they finally succeeded.

但抽象名词具体化之后就要加上相应的冠词了 1.You are a danger to the public=You are dangerous ... 2.It is a pleasure to help you=(pleasant) 3.A dictionary is a necessity in learning English.(necessary) 4.It is a long wait in the dark. 5.It can grow to a length(height/width/depth) of 11 meters.
an experience一次经历 a youth一个青年人 a pity可惜的事情 a pleasure乐事

②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为 似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me? She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
3.球类三餐不用冠词，而乐器类名词前要用。 如： play basketball/football/volleyball/badminton... have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner...

来自百度文库

抽象名词不表示具体的事物，因此无单复 数。 如：make fun of; make progress; make use of; be in danger; sit in silence; of great use; of great importance; of great help; of great value etc.
具体名词可以部分的丧失其一般意义，具 有抽象名词的特征，因此无单复数形式。 具体小结如下： 1.表示交通工具一类时，by接抽象名词（无 单复数、无限定词）；否则要用相应的介 词。 如：by bus/car/ship/air/train/bike =on the bus;on his bike;on the train...

6.I've got a pain here. 7.It is a waste of time and money(energy/materials). 8.China has a history of about 5000 years.
9.a terrible experience, a sense of humour(touch), a sweet memory, have a good(nice)time, at a speed of, have a population of,