高中英语语法专题 名词性从句讲解与练习

一对一个性化学科优化学案鹰击长空—基础不丢

一、概述

在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (主语从句)

The trouble is that she has lost his address.（表语从句）

They have no idea at all where he has gone.（同位语从句）

Do you remember how he came?（宾语从句）

二、主语从句(subject clauses)

1、概述

在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。

That you don’t like him is none of my business.

What he said is true.

Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.

2、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。

从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。

Whether she will come or not is still a question.

That they will go is certain.

Whether she's coming or not doesn't matter too much.

3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。

如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。

用作it作形式主语的结构：

（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句

It’s natural that…很自然……It’s obvious that …显而易见……

（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句

It’s a pity that…遗憾的是……It’s a fact that …事实是……

（3）It +不及物动词+that 从句

It seems that…似乎……It turns out that…结果……

（4）It is/was +过去分词+that 从句

It’s reported that…据报道……It’s believed that…据认为……

It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.

It's strange that he didn't come yesterday.

4、由关系代词引导的主语从句。

关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

What you have done might do harm to other people.

What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

Who made the long distance call is not important.

5、关系副词引导的主语从句。

连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。

Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.

Where she has gone is not known yet.

When they will start has not been decided yet.

三、表语从句

1、概述

用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中可以省略。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.

At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.

2、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。

that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。

The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.

The question is whether we need more ice cream