英语试题20篇翻译
七年级英语翻译练习题20题含答案解析
七年级英语翻译练习题20题含答案解析1.这是我的书。
This is my book.答案解析:这是一个简单的主系表结构的句子。
“this”表示“这”,“is”是系动词,“my book”是表语。
2.他是一个学生。
He is a student.答案解析:“he”是第三人称单数主语,“is”是系动词,“a student”是表语。
3.我有一支钢笔。
I have a pen.答案解析:“I”是第一人称主语,“have”表示“有”,“a pen”是宾语。
4.她的名字是露西。
Her name is Lucy.答案解析:“her name”是主语,“is”是系动词,“Lucy”是表语。
5.这是一间教室。
This is a classroom.答案解析:和第一题类似,主系表结构。
“this”表示“这”,“is”系动词,“a classroom”是表语。
6.我在学校。
I am at school.答案解析:“I”是主语,“am”是系动词,“at school”是介词短语表示地点。
7.他有一本书。
He has a book.答案解析:第三人称单数主语“he”,“has”表示“有”,“a book”是宾语。
8.她是我的朋友。
She is my friend.答案解析:“she”是主语,“is”系动词,“my friend”是表语。
9.这是一支铅笔。
This is a pencil.答案解析:主系表结构。
“this”表示“这”,“is”系动词,“a pencil”是表语。
10.我喜欢英语。
I like English.答案解析:“I”是主语,“like”表示“喜欢”,“English”是宾语。
11.我喜欢弹钢琴。
I like playing the piano.答案解析:“喜欢做某事”是like doing sth.,“弹钢琴”是play the piano。
12.我的家人都很友好。
My family are all very friendly.答案解析:“家人”是family,“友好的”是friendly。
英语翻译1-20
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Founded by Alibaba Group in 2004,Alipay is China's largest third-party online payment platform. Alipay has over 700 million users by the end of 2012. Users can pay various bills via the platform, such as online shopping , telephone bills, and tuition fees. Take online shopping as an example. Buyers put the money into their Alipay account which will not release the money to the sellers until the buyers get their goods. Alipay provides its users with a simple, safe and fast online pay interests of both buyers and sellers.
词汇难点
• • • • • • • • • • • 第三方在线支付平台third-party online payment platform 由…创建founded/established/set up by... 用户user 支付各种费用pay various bills 网购online shopping 电话费telephone bill 学费tuition fee 以……为例take... as an example 账户account 将钱转给卖家release/transfer the money to the sellers 在线支付方式online payment method; a way to pay online • 买卖双方的利益the interests of both buyers and sellers
英语真题翻译(完整版)
英语真题翻译考试练习TranslationNo.1Of course a certain amount of d epend ence on others is not only good,but necessary.Children must be d epend ent on their parents;and the weak must d epend on the strong,and the sick on the well.And in a sense,all of us,even the most ind epend ent and self-reliant,are d epend ent on one another.At any rate,in civilized society,it is impossible for anyone to make all the things he needs.No man can produce all the food and clothes he wants.He can only produce one or two things,and must get all the others by exchange or purchase from others,who are d oing the same thing.So in a community everyone is d epend ent on the service of others,while he himself contributes to the needs of others.中文翻译:当然我们有些事要依靠别人,这不仅是合理的,而且是必需的。
孩子必须依靠父母,弱者必须依靠强者,病人必须依靠健康人。
从某种意义上说,我们每个人,即使是最独立的,自力更生的,人也需要相互依靠。
(英语)高考英语翻译题20套(带答案)
(英语)高考英语翻译题20套(带答案)一、高中英语翻译1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.新来的员工经验不足,在解决顾客投诉时遇到了麻烦。
(have trouble)________________________2.医生向病人保证,只要他按时服药就没有大碍。
(assure)________________________3.尽管日程安排很紧,他还是报名参加了他同事推荐的那个课程。
(despite)________________________4.直到妻子与他离了婚,他才意识到他应该多抽一些时间陪伴家人,而不是一心只有工作。
(until)________________________【答案】1. The new employee was inexperienced, so (that) he had trouble (in) dealing with the customer’s complaint(s).T he new employee lacked experience, and he had trouble (in) dealing with the customers’ complaint(s).Because of lack of experience, the new employee had trouble (in) dealing with the customers’ complaint(s).2. The doctor assured the patient that he would be fine as long as he took medicine on time. 3. Despite his busy/full/tight schedule, he signed up for the course recommended by his colleague.4. Not until his wife divorced him did he realize that he should have spared more time to keep the family company/stay with the family instead of being obsessed with/absorbed in his work. He didn’t realize that he should have set aside more time to accompany the family instead of being busy with his work until he was divorced from/with his wife.【解析】1.考查have trouble的相关用法。
英语翻译练习题20篇
英语翻译练习题20篇一、高中英语翻译1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这个专家所推荐的方法被证明是十分有效的。
(prove)2.对国家来说,保护生态环境和保持经济增长同样重要。
(as...as)3.如果有朝一日,学生能亲自参与到课程开发中,那该有多棒啊!(involve)4.这本新发行的杂志不仅会影响青少年对时尚的看法,还会开启健康饮食的新潮流。
(Not only)【答案】1.The method recommended by the expert proved (to be) very effective.2.For/To a country, protecting the environment is as important as maintaining economic growth. 3.How great it is if one day students can be involved in the development of courses on their own.4.Not only will the newly-released magazine influence teenager's opinions on fashion, but also it will start a new trend towards a healthy diet.【解析】【分析】本题考查翻译句子,注意按括号内的要求翻译。
1.考查非谓语动词和prove的用法。
The method 与recommend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语,prove用作连系动词,prove(to be)+adj表示“(被)证明是……的”,语境表明事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故翻译为:The method recommended by the expert proved (to be) very effective2.考查非谓语动词和as...as的用法。
【英语】英语翻译练习题20篇
【英语】英语翻译练习题20篇一、高中英语翻译1.高中英语翻译题:Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性?(motivate)2.网上支付方便了客户,但是牺牲了他们的隐私。
(at the cost of)3.让我的父母非常满意的是,从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园,从起居室也可以。
(so)4.博物馆疏于管理,展品积灰,门厅冷落,急需改善。
(whose)【答案】1.What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering?2.Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.3.To my parents’ satisfaction, the di ning room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.4.This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement.或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.【解析】1.motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事,on earth究竟,major in 以…为专业,enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性,故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering?2.online payment网上支付,brings convenience to给…带来方便,at the cost of以…为代价,privacy隐私,故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.3.To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是,后者也那样so it is with。
初一英语基础翻译练习题20题含答案解析
初一英语基础翻译练习题20题含答案解析1.This is my book.这是我的书。
答案解析:This is 意为“这是”,my 是“我的”,book 是“书”。
这是一个简单的主系表结构的句子。
2.That is his pen.那是他的钢笔。
答案解析:That is 表示“那是”,his 是“他的”,pen 是“钢笔”。
也是主系表结构。
3.She is a student.她是一名学生。
答案解析:She 是“她”,is 是“是”,a student 是“一名学生”。
主系表结构,a 表示“一个”。
4.We are in the classroom.我们在教室里。
答案解析:We 是“我们”,are 是“是”,in the classroom 是“在教室里”。
in 表示“在……里面”。
5.They are my friends.他们是我的朋友。
答案解析:They 是“他们”,are 是“是”,my friends 是“我的朋友”。
主系表结构。
6.I have a pencil.我有一支铅笔。
答案解析:I 是“我”,have 是“有”,a pencil 是“一支铅笔”。
have 表示“拥有”。
7.He has a ruler.他有一把尺子。
答案解析:He 是“他”,has 是“有”,a ruler 是“一把尺子”。
has 是have 的第三人称单数形式。
8.My mother is a teacher.我的妈妈是一名老师。
答案解析:My mother 是“我的妈妈”,is 是“是”,a teacher 是“一名老师”。
主系表结构。
9.My father is a doctor.我的爸爸是一名医生。
答案解析:My father 是“我的爸爸”,is 是“是”,a doctor 是“一名医生”。
主系表结构。
10.I am at home.我在家。
答案解析:I 是“我”,am 是“是”,at home 是“在家”。
【英语】英语翻译练习题20篇含解析
【英语】英语翻译练习题20篇含解析一、高中英语翻译1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.今年元旦我们玩得很开心。
(enjoy)2.舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片,祝贺我18岁生日。
(congratulate)3.经过多年的建设,这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。
(as...as)4.演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。
(familiar)5.她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目,就立志加入野生动物保护组织。
(No sooner)【答案】1.We enjoyed ourselves this New Year’s Day this year.2.My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th birthday. 3.After years of / years’ construction, the little t own is now as lively as it was before the earthquake / itused to be before the earthquake.4.The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties.5.No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization.【解析】1.根据“今年元旦”可知,该句用一般过去时,玩得很开心用词组enjoy oneself2.根据“昨天”可知,该句用一般过去时,congratulate 的用法是congratulate sth或者congratulate sb on sth3.根据“经过多年的建设”可知,后面描述的是建设后的情形,即现在的情形,因此用一般现在时,as..as..的用法是形容词或者副词放在中间。
历年高考英语试卷译文
第一部分:听力Section A1. M: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest post office?W: Sure. Go straight ahead for two blocks, then turn left. The post office is on the corner.Q: Where is the nearest post office?译文:男士问最近的邮局在哪里,女士告诉他直走两个街区,然后左转,邮局在拐角处。
2. W: I'm sorry, I can't find my pen. Do you have one you can lend me?M: Yes, I do. Here you are.Q: What does the woman want?译文:女士说她找不到笔了,问男士是否有可以借给她的一支笔,男士说他有,并递给了她。
3. M: How was your trip to Beijing?W: It was wonderful. I visited the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. The food was also great.Q: What did the woman do during her trip to Beijing?译文:男士问女士去北京的旅行怎么样,女士说她玩得很开心,参观了长城和故宫,食物也很好吃。
Section B4. W: I'm sorry, but I can't help you with that. I'm just a salesperson here.M: I see. I thought you were the manager.Q: What is the relationship between the two speakers?译文:女士说她无法帮助男士,因为她只是这里的售货员,男士以为她是经理。
(英语)高一英语翻译题20套(带答案)含解析
(英语)高一英语翻译题20套(带答案)含解析一、高中英语翻译1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.她五年前开始拉小提琴。
(play)2.由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。
(owing)3.每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。
(stand)4.能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。
(It)5.在展览会上,公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。
(demonstrate)【答案】1.She began to play the violin five years ago.2.Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.3.Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.4.It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.5.At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which/that) children were looking forward to.【解析】1.根据“五年前”确实时态,可知用一般过去时,注意短语play the violin。
【考点定位】考查动词时态、习语及表达能力。
2.根据提示词可知,由于译为:owing to ,此处to是介词。
新概念英语2 1-20篇短文翻译练习和详细答案
1. A private conversation私人谈话Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely. 'This is a private conversation!'上星期我去看戏。
我的座位很好。
戏剧很有意思,但我却无法欣赏。
一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后,大声地说着话。
我非常生气。
我听不见演员(的声音)。
我回过头怒视着那一男一女。
他们却毫不理会。
最后,我忍不住了,又一次回过头去,生气地说:“我一个字也听不见了!”“不关你的事,”那男的毫不客气地说。
”这是私人间的谈话!”Comprehension理解1. The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily_________.A. and they stop talkingB. but they didn't stop talkingC. but they didn't notice himD. but they looked at him rudely2. The young man said, 'It's none of your business.'A. He was talking to the young woman.B. He was talking about the play.C. He thought the writer was trying to listen to his conversation with the young woman.D. He thought the writer was asking him a question.Structure 句型3. Last week the writer went to the theatre. He was ________the theatre.A. toB. atC. intoD. on4. The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting ______.A. beforeB. aboveC. ahead ofD. in front of5. ______ did the writer feel? Angry.A. WhereB. WhyC. HowD. When6. He looked at the man and the woman angrily. He looked at _____ angrily.A. themB. theyC. theirD. us7. The young man and the young woman paid ______ attention.A. noneB. anyC. not anyD. noV ocabulary 词汇8. He had a good seat. He was sitting in a good _______.A. chairB. placeC. armchairD. class9. He was a young man. He wasn't very ______.A. oldB. bigC. tallD. large10. The writer looked at the man and the woman angrily. He was very ____.A. sadB. unhappyC. crossD. pleased11. The writer could not bear it. He could not ______ it.A. carryB. sufferC. standD. lift12. The young man spoke rudely. He wasn’t very ______.A. cleverB. rudeC. politeD. kind1.B选B最为正确。
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案(全20篇)
2020年大学英语四级考试翻译试题及答案(一)桂林是中国著名的风景旅游城市。
它位于广西东北部,面积有2.78万平方公里,人口500万。
拥有2000多年历史的桂林还是一个历史文化名城。
自北宋(the Northern Song Dynasty)以来,桂林就已成为广西的政治、经济及文化中心。
桂林山水以山青、水秀、洞奇、石美闻名天下;桂林的交通、通讯和住宿都非常便利发达。
因此每年有成千上万的国内外游客来到桂林旅游。
表达难点1.第2句“它位于......,面积有......,人口......”有3个分句,如果逐字对译为It is located in..., the area is...,and the population is...则译文拖沓繁冗。
宜将“它位于......”处理为过去分词短语,作地点状语,“面积有......”处理为主干,“人口......”处理为介词短语,表伴随状态,整句译作Located in..., Guilin covers an area of... with a population of...。
2.第3句中“桂林”的定语“拥有2000多年历史的”较长,可考虑将其处理成定语从句,整句译为Guilin which has a history of..., is also a...,但翻译出来的句子稍显头重脚轻。
故将定语转换为状语,用介词短语译出,表达为Guilin is a... city with a history of...。
3.翻译第5句的“桂林山水以山青、水秀、洞奇、石美闻名天下”时,此处的“桂林山水”是指“桂林风景”,故翻译为Guilin scenery,而翻译整个句子时,可先译出主干“桂林山水闻名天下”Guilin scenery is famous,再用介词短语译出原因状语“以山青......”,译为for its green mountains, clear water, magic holes and beautiful stones。
小升初英语篇章翻译练习题40题含答案解析
小升初英语篇章翻译练习题40题含答案解析1. 我有一个苹果。
I have an apple.答案解析:“我”翻译为“I”,“有”是“have”,“一个”用“an”,因为“apple”是以元音音素开头,“苹果”是“apple”。
这个句子是简单的主谓宾结构。
2. 他是一个学生。
He is a student.答案解析:“他”是“He”,“是”用“is”,“一个”是“a”,“学生”是“student”。
此句为主系表结构。
3. 这是一本书。
This is a book.答案解析:“这”是“This”,“是”为“is”,“一本”是“a”,“书”是“book”。
同样是主系表结构。
4. 我的书包是蓝色的。
My schoolbag is blue.答案解析:“我的”是“My”,“书包”是“schoolbag”,“是”是“is”,“蓝色的”是“blue”。
主系表结构,描述书包的颜色。
5. 她有一只猫。
She has a cat.答案解析:“她”是“She”,“有”是“has”,“一只”是“a”,“猫”是“cat”。
主谓宾结构。
6. 那是一支铅笔。
That is a pencil.答案解析:“那”是“That”,“是”是“is”,“一支”是“a”,“铅笔”是“pencil”。
主系表结构。
7. 我们是好朋友。
We are good friends.答案解析:“我们”是“We”,“是”是“are”,“好”是“good”,“朋友”是“friends”。
主系表结构,“friends”用复数因为“我们”是多个人。
8. 它是一只狗。
It is a dog.答案解析:“它”是“It”,“是”是“is”,“一只”是“a”,“狗”是“dog”。
主系表结构。
9. 我的铅笔盒在哪里?Where is my pencil case?答案解析:“我的”是“My”,“铅笔盒”是“pencil case”,“在哪里”是“Where is”。
这是一个特殊疑问句,询问物品的位置。
【英语】50套高中英语翻译及解析
50套高中英语翻译及解析练习1:翻译:学生们正忙于为即将到来的考试做准备。
解析:此句中的“are busy”表示正在进行的状态,因此翻译为“正忙于”。
同时,“preparing for”表示“为……做准备”,所以翻译为“为即将到来的考试做准备”。
练习2:原文:She has been working on this project for three months.翻译:她在这个项目上已经工作了三个月。
解析:此句中的“has been working on”表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的状态,因此翻译为“已经工作了”。
同时,“for three months”表示时间,所以翻译为“三个月”。
练习3:原文:I will go to the library to borrow some books.翻译:我将去图书馆借一些书。
解析:此句中的“will go”表示将来时,因此翻译为“将去”。
同时,“to borrow some books”表示目的,所以翻译为“借一些书”。
练习4:原文:They have finished their homework.翻译:他们已经完成了作业。
解析:此句中的“have finished”表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的状态,因此翻译为“已经完成了”。
同时,“their homework”表示“他们的作业”,所以翻译为“作业”。
练习5:原文:She is studying for her final exam.翻译:她正在为她的期末考试学习。
解析:此句中的“is studying”表示正在进行的状态,因此翻译为“正在学习”。
同时,“for her final exam”表示目的,所以翻译为“为她的期末考试”。
练习6:原文:He is a very responsible teacher.翻译:他是一位非常负责任的老师。
解析:此句中的“is”表示一般现在时,因此翻译为“是”。
小升初英语篇章翻译练习题40题(答案解析)
小升初英语篇章翻译练习题40题(答案解析)1. 翻译:我每天早上在学校吃早餐。
答案:I have breakfast at school every morning.解析:“吃早餐”是“have breakfast”,这是固定搭配。
句子时态为一般现在时,表示经常发生的动作,主语I是第一人称,动词用原形have。
“在学校”是“at school”,“每天早上”是“every morning”,都是常用的表达。
2. 翻译:我的妈妈喜欢在周末去购物。
答案:My mother likes to go shopping on weekends.解析:“我的妈妈”是“my mother”。
“喜欢做某事”可以用“like to do sth.”或者“like doing sth.”,这里用“like to do sth.”结构。
“去购物”是“go shopping”,是固定短语。
“在周末”是“on weekends”。
3. 翻译:他在家庭作业上花了两个小时。
答案:He spent two hours on his homework.解析:“花费时间在某事上”可以用“spend time on sth.”结构。
这里主语he是第三人称单数,但是spend的过去式是spent,所以直接用spent表示过去发生的动作。
“两个小时”是“two hours”,“家庭作业”是“homework”,是不可数名词。
4. 翻译:我们在教室里有很多朋友。
答案:We have a lot of friends in the classroom.解析:“我们”是“we”,作主语时,动词用原形。
“有”是“have”。
“很多”可以用“a lot of”或者“lots of”,后面既可以接可数名词复数,也可以接不可数名词,这里“朋友”是可数名词复数“friends”。
“在教室里”是“in the classroom”。
5. 翻译:她经常在放学后弹钢琴。
英语试题20篇(翻译)
英语试题公共英语部分注:括号里面的文字的意思:1.根据整篇短文的理解加进去,只是为了正片读起来相对比较通顺而已,省去括号里面的内容也可。
2.考虑的翻译的可读性,改变了原本的表述方法,括号里是字面上的意思3.每句与每句之间的衔接的逻辑连接词。
4.对前句翻译的说明。
另,有些翻译仍然不够通顺,请见谅!^_^Put the following passage into Chinese:1、Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children areready to take on formal learning.早教的批评者援引有关4岁的小孩是否已经准备好接受正规学习的研究。
Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail.一些教育者们发现那些学步较晚的小孩更能胜任学校的功课,而那些较早学步的小孩反而不尽人意。
Kindergarten children who turn five during the latter half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it comes to physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development.那些4岁半即将5岁的幼儿园小孩,在生理、心理、社交、智力的发展上似乎处于劣势地位。
Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better grades and score higher on achievement tests throughout their schooling experience than do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five.另外,相比于那些刚刚5岁就被送进幼儿园的小孩,那些接近6岁才进入幼儿园的小孩在他们学校功课中常常能够获得更好的成绩,在成绩测试中也常常获得较高的分数。
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英语试题公共英语部分注:括号里面的文字的意思:1.根据整篇短文的理解加进去,只是为了正片读起来相对比较通顺而已,省去括号里面的内容也可。
2.考虑的翻译的可读性,改变了原本的表述方法,括号里是字面上的意思3.每句与每句之间的衔接的逻辑连接词。
4.对前句翻译的说明。
另,有些翻译仍然不够通顺,请见谅!^_^Put the following passage into Chinese:1、Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children areready to take on formal learning.早教的批评者援引有关4岁的小孩是否已经准备好接受正规学习的研究。
Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail.一些教育者们发现那些学步较晚的小孩更能胜任学校的功课,而那些较早学步的小孩反而不尽人意。
Kindergarten children who turn five during the latter half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it comes to physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development.那些4岁半即将5岁的幼儿园小孩,在生理、心理、社交、智力的发展上似乎处于劣势地位。
Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better grades and score higher on achievement tests throughout their schooling experience than do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five.另外,相比于那些刚刚5岁就被送进幼儿园的小孩,那些接近6岁才进入幼儿园的小孩在他们学校功课中常常能够获得更好的成绩,在成绩测试中也常常获得较高的分数。
Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing. (一个小孩)聪明、语言表达能力(是否强)与(他)是否适龄入学似乎并不是一回事。
It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and soph istication of many of today’s children with inner maturity.如今小孩身上表现出来沉着、老练与内在的成熟,这两者很容易被混淆。
Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters whose parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have more anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fail to maintain their initial academic advantage over their less-pressured peers.实际上,有证据显示,早教所带来的恰恰适得其反。
那些被父母后面督促着而学业有成的小孩(往往)缺乏创造力,而且对于考试他们显得更加焦虑。
同时,相对于没有收到重压的同龄人,到学前教育结束之时,他们(已)难以维持最初在学业上的优势。
Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting.对于将4岁小孩放入正式教育的这种做法,许多心理学家和教育家都持怀疑态度。
They question whether environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-indevelopmental timetable of a child reared in a non disadvantaged home.通过丰富环境能否显著地改变一个成长在普通家庭(字面:非弱势家庭)孩子的自然成长规律(字面:发展/成长时间表),这是他们有所质疑的地方。
They do not deny, however, the value of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children considerable freedom to play, develop at their own pace, and evolve their social skills.然而,他们也并不否认那些托儿所和幼儿园的发挥的重要性。
它们给孩子们提供了家一样的环境,充分自由的玩乐空间,任孩子们慢慢成长(字面:让它们按照自己的步伐成长/发展),同时还培养了它们的社交能力。
But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds.但是,它们也指出,以前许多在一年级才要求掌握的事情现在希望还在幼儿园的孩子也要学会,他们甚至还唯恐4岁的小孩知之过少(字面:他们唯恐小孩所要要求的将越来越多)。
These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too hard and thereby depriving them of their childhood.(同时)这些心理学家和教育家们认为,我们如此这般强压这些孩子以至于剥夺了他们的童年。
2、People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors areformed.人的个性和行为习惯是如何形成的?这是困扰着人们很长时间的一个问题。
It's not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.为什么人的智力千差万别(一个人聪明,而另一个人却不是)?为什么有些人(一个人)乐于协作,有些人(另一个人)却争强好胜?要解释这些并不易。
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.当然,这些问题也是社会科学家们所极其关心的问题。
They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.他们想(为我们)解释为什么我们具备特定的个性、表现出一定的行为举止。
There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thoughts on the matter have developed. 然而这并没有确切的答案(可言),但是基于这个问题的两个思想流派已经发展起来。
As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.正如你所料,两种思想流派是截然不同的,而二者理论的支持者之间存在剧烈的争论。
The controversy is often c onveniently referred to as “nature/nurture.”他们二者(关于这个问题的)争论的往往很容易被归结为“先天得之或后天养成”。
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.那些“先天得之”论的支持者认为,我们的性格和行为模式在很大程度上取决于生物和遗传因素。
That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.我们所处的环境对我们能力、个性、行为(的塑造)甚至可能并没有什么作用,而这一点正是“先天得之”论的核心。
Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.这种理论甚至极端地坚持认为,我们的行为模式在很大程度上是先天决定的;因此,我们几乎完全受我们的本能所支配。