上海市建平中学、交通大学附属中学2017届高三上学期周练英语试题

2016-2017学年建平中学联合交大附中高三周练II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10%)Directions: After reading the sentences or passages below, fill in the blanks to make the sentences or passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each other.The world’s (1)__________(famous)heart surgeon,the Egyptian Professor, Sir Magdi Yacoub, has transplanted more hearts than anyone else. To the countless people whose lives he has transformed and saved, he is a hero. Professor Yacoub (2)_____________(inspire) in his work by his father, who was a general surgeon.Now 66 years old, professor Yacoub still retains his energy and extraordinary enthusiasm for his career. For 43 years, he has dealt with desperate patients(3)__________combination pf poor diet, inactive lifestyle and stress overload have caused them to ask for his help.(4)_________ ___________all these experiences, he is very aware of the role of good nutrition and regular exercise in maintaining good health. He eats very well and swims early each morning.Professor Yacoub’s life is always hectic(狂热的). (5)____________a donor heart has suddenly been found, then an operation has to take place quickly. He works long hours; he says there are no regular hours for a heart surgeon, as the surgery _________take place when it needs to be carried out.For relaxation, professor Yacoub enjoys (7)___________(garden) even grows orchids, One dream of his is to go to the Amazon one day(8)________(see) the rare plants there. He is patron of the Chain of Hope charity, which aims to take medical expense to the developing world. Specialist teams give their time free and travel all over the world to places such as Mozambique and Jamaica to train local surgeons in techniques that (9)________ (save) lives .This charity also brings needy children to the West (10)___________necessary heart surgery.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)Valuable By-Products of Space ResearchResearch that went into d eveloping the highly specialized technol ogy for space travel has resulted in many unexpected 21 applications back on earth. Out of the engineering that produced rocket motor, space suits, and other necessities of space flight came by products that no one had anticipated. Equipment and 22 designed for use in medicine, industry, and the home, these valuable by products of space research, called spin offs, have improved the quality of life on earth in many ways.Some of the best-known exampl es of spin-offs from space research are found in hospitals and d octors' offices. One such example is the sight switch, which was originally developed to all ow astronauts to control their spacecraft without using their hands. It is now used by 23 people to operate devices using eye movements.Doctors have also benefited from the technol ogy required to make electronic instruments small enough and durable enough for trips into space. From this technol ogy have come hearing aids the size of an aspirin and tel evision cameras small enough to be 24 to a surgeon's head to give medical stud ents a close-up view of an operation.Biotelemetry, which was d eveloped to 25 the physical signs of astronauts by checking their temperature, brain-wave activity, breathing rate, and heartbeat, offers doctors a new means of monitoring hospital patients. Biosensors attached to the body send data by wire or radio. This information is displayed on 26 for doctors to analyze.One of the most valuabl e 27 of aerospace technol ogy to industry is a management technique called the systems approach. With the aid of computers, this technique brings together all the elements of a complex project, including people, money, and materials, to assure that everything is completed at the optimum time. It has been applied to a variety of situations 28 to space exploration. Among them are cancer research, hospital d esign, city planning, crime detection, pollution control, building construction, and transportation.The experience gained from devel oping NASA spacesuits was applied to the process of designing clothing for use in other 29 . Firefighters now have lighter and special fire blocking materials that are more 30 to cracking and burning. Spacers used for cushioning in moon boots were adapted for use in athletic shoes that are designed to reduce fatigue and injury.(B)If your parents take out a loan, remind them to make the payments on time. Otherwise it will become a(n) 31 record in their personal credit reports, which are playing a(n) 32 big role in people's daily lives. A story carried by Chongqing Morning Post in June, 33 this trend.According to the report, a Chongqing stud ent borrowed money from the bank to 34 his university studies. After he graduated in 2005, he went to work in Shenzhen. Later, he wanted to buy a house using loans. But several banks turned d own his loan 35 . The reason was that he had not paid back 1,500 yuan he borrowed from a bank when he was at university.A personal credit rating is becoming a(n) 36 “pass” in everyday life, as China establishes a nationwide credit database. Personal credit systems go back 150 years. In developed countries, enterprises and banks use them to decide whether or not to loan money or d o other business with a person.A credit report 37 the credit worthiness of an individual, a company, or even a country. It is a(n)38 made by credit bureaus of a borrower's overall credit history and his or her ability to repay debt. A poor credit rating means a high risk of d efaulting on a l oan, and thus leads to the 39 of a loan by the l ender.Today in China, credit history in banks is the major 40 of a credit report. But in the future, reports will include information about the payment of tel ephone bills, water use fees, electricity and natural gas bills, and taxes, according to officials of the People's Bank of China, the central bank.The secrets of long lifeA long healthy life is no accident. It begins with good genes, but it also depends on good ___41___. So what’s the formula for success? In a recent study, scientists have focused on groups living in several refions where exceptional longevity is the norm: Sardinia, Italy, Loma Linda, California, and the islands of Okinawa, Japan.SardiniansWhy do they live so long? __42__ is part of the answer. By 11 a.m. Tonino has already milked four cows, chopped wood and walked fou r miles with his sheep. Now, taking the day’s first break, he gathers his grown children, grandson, around the kitchen table. Giovanna, his wife, unties a handkerchief containing a paper-thin flatbread called carta da musica, pours some red wine, and cut slices of homemade cheese.These Sardinians also benefit from their __43__ history. According to Paolo Francalacci of the University of Sassari, 80 percent of them are __44__the first Sardinians, who arrived in the area 11,000 years ago. Genetic traits made stronger over generations may favor longevity. __45__, too, is a factor.The Sardinians diet is loaded with fruits and vegetables, milk and milk products, fish and wine. Most of these items are homegrown.AdventistsThe study found that the Adventists’ habit of consuming beans, soy milk, tomatoes, and other fruits __46__their risk of developing certain cancers. It also suggested that eating whole wheat bread, drinking five glasses of water a day, and, most __47__, consuming four servings of nuts a week reduced their risk of heart disease. And it found that not eating red meat had been helpful in avoiding both cancer and heart disease.OkinawansThe first thing you notice about Ushi Okushima is her __48__. It fills the room with pure joy. This rainy afternoon she sits comfortably wrapped in a blue kimono. Her thick hair is combed back from her suntanned face, revealing alert green, eyes. Not long ago, she started wearing perfume. When asked about the perfume, she __49__that she has a new boyfriend.__50__behavior for a young woman, perhaps, but Ushi is 103.With an average life expectancy of 78 years for men and 86 years for women, Okinawans are among the world’s longest lived people. This is undoubtedly due in part to Okinawans warm and __51__ climate and scenic beauty. Senior citizens living in these islands tend to enjoy years __52__disabilities. Okinawans have very low rates of cancer and heart disease compared to American seniors.A lean diet of food grown on the island and a philosophy of __53__--- may also be a factor. “eat until your stomach is 80 percent full.” may also be factors. Ironically, this healthy way of eating was born of __54__.Ushi Okushima grew up barefoot and poor, her family grew sweet potatoes, which formed the core of every meal. During World War II, when the men of the island joined the army, Ushi and her friend Setsuko fled to the center of the island with their children. “We __55__ terrible hunger,” Setsuko recalls.41 A. habits B. parents C. efforts D. secrets42 A. Companion B. Lifestyle C. Environment D. Birthplace43 A. unique B. fantastic C. genetic D. religious44 A. curious about B. related to C. fond of D. senior to45 A. Inheritance B. Gene C. Nutrition D. Peace46 A. accepted B. evaluated C. increased D. lowered47 A. surprisingly B. originally C. unexpectedly D. miserably48 A. dressing B. identification C. laugh D. expression49 A. proposes B. assumes C. jokes D. denies50 A. Aggressive B. Violent C. Disorderly D. Predictable51 A. changing B. inviting C. extreme D. tropical52 A. suffering from B. overcoming C. free from D. recovering53 A. moderation B. feasibility C. evolution D. identification54 A. wealth B. hardship C. orphan D. harmony55 A. died of B. satisfied C. experienced D. kept off（B）In today's American society, background checks have become a routine part of hiring process. Employers use them to assess ___56____ workers, judging whether they are qualified for the posts. Through background checks, employers can also make sure that the information applicants provide is ____57___, which suggests the applicants' moral quality.Then what do background checks investigate? Many ____58___ a review of the employee's ___59____ history trying to confirm whether the employee has ever been fired or forced to resign. Employers also pay attention to the length of unemployment, afraid that long-time absence from ___60____ may bring negative influence to the employee's performance. Sometimes, an applicant's residential history is also an issue. Jobs with state or local governments often require that the employee live in certain areas, ___61____the chances for them to have contact with ill-intentioned people. Besides, living near the work place is always ___62____as it saves time and fares on transportation. Another item which can't be ____63___ is the applicant's criminal history --- whether he has ever been arrested or put into prison. Although __64__ offences like traffic ticketing or queue jumping are usually pardoned, breaking a criminal law is rarely spared and, in most cases, is sure to result in the ____65___ of the employment. Then comes the social history. A background check that involves the applicant's social history is generally needed for government posts or employment in finance and law industries that require greater self-dicipline. A small mistake in these ____66___ may result in huge loss. The investigation usually checks drug use, family relationships and social contacts, in order to avoid ___67____someone unsuitable for the posts. Background investigators who look into social history may interview neighbors and professional references recognized by th e applicant.Finally in the field of education background, an application form may ask for copies of licenses or university diplomas to show the applicant's __68__ performances. In many instances, an education background check is so particular about ____69___ that investigators even confirm the date on which the employee earned his degree to determine if it ___70____ the information the employee provided on his application.56. A. efficient B. special C. potential D. ordinary57. A. truthful B. adequate C. meaningful D. competitive58. A. explain B. imply C. describe D. include59. A. health B employment C. study D. finance60. A. work B. school C. family D. education61. A. standing B. reducing C. promoting D. offering62. A. difficult B. impossibleC. welcomeD. flexible63. A. developed B. estimated C. included D. neglected64. A. reasonable B. normal C. minor D. easy65. A. ending B. spreading C. continying D. protecting66. A. degrees B. checks C. contacts D. posts67. A. omitting B. rejecting C. hiring D. rewarding68 A. professional B. academic C. social D. athletic69. A. scores B. interests C. behaviors D. details70. A. refers to B. agrees with C. keeps up D. brings aboutBiology may not be everything, but genes apparently have a far greater influence on human behavior than is commonly thought. Similarities ranging from hobbies to bodily gesture are being found in pairsseparated at birth. Many of these behaviors are “things you would never think of looking at if you were going to study the genetics of behavior,” says psychologist Thomas J. Bouchard, Jr. , director of the Minnesota Center for Twin and Adoption Research at the University of Minnesota.Bouchard reports that so far, exhaustive psychological tests and questionnaires have been completed with approximately 50 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 25pairs of fraternal twins reared apart and compariso n groups of twins reared together. “We were amazed at the similarity in posture and expressive style,” says Bouchard. “It’s probably the feature of the study that’s grabbed us the most.” Twins tend to have similar mannerisms, gestures, speed and tempo in talking, habits and jokes. Many of the twins dressed in similar fashion--one male pair who had never previously met arrived in England sporting identical beards, haircuts, glasses and shirts.The most striking example of common psychopathology(精神病理学)however, came from a pair of twins raised apart. One had been reared by his own(poor) family the other had been adopted into a “good solid upper-middle-class family.” Both are now considered to be antisocial personalities, suffering from lack of impulse control, and both have criminal histories. Although the twins share, on average, 50 percent ot their genes, Bouchard suggests that the overlap is probably considerably more with this pair.Personality similarities between the identical twins raised apart are almost the same as they are with identical twins raised together, according to the results of a test developed by University of Minnesota psychologist Auke Tellegen. His personality questionnaire contains scales such as “social closeness,””harm avoi dance”and”well-being.”The researchers were especially surprised to find that”traditionalism”--a trait implying conservatism and respect for authority--can be inherited. In fact, says Bouchard, his and other studies have found about 11 personality traits that appear to have significant genetic input.Overall, the emerging findings of the Minnesota study constitute a powerful disproof of those who maintain that environmental influences are the primary shaping forces of personality. The textbooks are going to have to be rewritten, Bouchard predicts.80.Why does Bouchard say these behaviors are “things you would never think of looking at if you were going to study the genetics of behavior?”A. These behaviors seemed too unimportant for scientists to observe.B. These behaviors seemed too intimate to allow scientists to observe them.C. Psychologists assumed these external characteristics could not be biologically based.D. Psychologists assumed the causes of these behaviors were too complicated for current methods of observations.81.The word “identical”(in para.3) most probably means________.A. fashionableB. alikeC. complexD. identified82.According to the passage, Auke Tellegen agrees that _______________.A.some textbooks on genes and behavior will be rewritten quite soon.B.people’s behaviors and personalities depend at large on their genesC.his personality questionnaire can indicate people’s 11 personality traitsD.the environmental influences have great effect on people’s personalities81.What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Twins generally share the same hobbies and gestures if they are raised apart.B. Genes have a greater influence on human behavior than is commonly thought.C. People from upper-middle-class family are the same as those from poor family.D. Twins tend to dress in similar fashion even when brought up in different families.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Sports stars have a natural advantageScientists have identified the clear biological advantages that give the world’s sporting champions a head start in life before they have even begun their rigorous training programmes.The coach for the French Olympic team says:” we measure special attributes between the ages of 16 and 18. But only one in 10,000 people has the physical aspects needed to compete at the very top level in sporting events. _82____ . We take into account the height, strength and endurance of a person. We also regard mental application as important, how an individual reacts when the competition gets really tough.”Scientists say that medical evidence is playing an increasingly important role in the selection of athletes. A study of the 40-year dominance of Kenyan runners in long distance athletic events has revealed that 45 percent of them come from the Nandi tribe. What is remarkable is that this tribe makes up only 3 percent of the Kenyan population.__83_____. Athletic organizations consider these genetic factors a good indicator when selecting sthletes to produce superior running performances.__84____. For example, David Beckham’s bandy legs have been partly credited with helping to put a spin on the football when he takes a free kick for England. Other biological characteristics are more measurable. The American tennis player, Andy Roddick, has the fastest serve in the game. He is able to arch his back so much that it increases the rotation of his arm to 130 degrees. This is 44 percent better than the average professional player and this allows them to drive the ball over the net at 240 kilometers per hour. Michael Phelps, the 14-times Olympic swimming champion has over-sized feet which act like flippers to propel him through the water.__85_____. Mia Hamm, probably the best all-round woman footballer in the world, produces less than one liter of sweat an hour when doing vigorous exercise, which is half the human average. When it comes to speed, take the example of woman racing driver, Liz Halliday. A normal person would take 300 milliseconds to make a reactive decision. She can do it in 260 milliseconds. It may not sound much quicker but at top race speeds, this makes a difference of three car lengths.The difference between success and failure is very small and all these biological factors are crucial in finding future champions.Hitting the right buttonIt has been found that in some countries, achievement in some subjects at school is not always good for boys as it is girls. It is possible that using computers may be a way to solve this problem.Many boys seem to have a natural liking for computers, but it can often be hard to leave the screen and concentrate on the work the teacher wants them to do.As computers are becoming more and more important in the world of education today, it is natural to assume that computers can help greatly with boys who do not do too well at school and need to raise theirgeneral educational standards. Many boys appear to be more confident than girls in using it, and they need to use computers more frequently, especially at home.Researchers at universities now think that it could be a really good way of re-engaging under-achieving boys in the learning process, and teachers have indicated that it does work. They have found that, although lots of boys do not seem to like writing in the classroom, when they use a computer they are more wiling to compose longer pieces of writing and use different styles. The issue of unintelligible handwriting is no longer a problem, either, as the neatness and presentation standards rise when boys use a computer to print out their work.Many boys welcome the “hands on” approach of computer. However, researchers and teachers need to be carefu l that boys don’t just “cut and paste”things that they have found on the internet, but haven’t read, and hand it in as a completed assignment. Some boys overestimate how good they are and think they can do things without any effort. They need to develop proper research skills and make their written work more structured. Other boys take short cuts, or look at internet sites they haven’t been asked to look at. They may not plan or think carefully about their work, or they may try to finish their work quickly. This tendency is not going to be completely cured by using computers. One way to get boys to concentrate properly on the work they have been asked to do may be to encourage them to use their computers at home. However, they also need to be set tasks that are interesting and relevant to them.As in all things, the interaction between the pupil, the teacher and the computer is crucial.Translation:1.你知道如何给别人留下美好的印象吗？（leave）2.知道那时我才意识到我也许是最后知道这件事的人。