考研英语典型长难句及解析之三
考研英语的长难句
考研英语的长难句考研英语的长难句篇1一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。
有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。
例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。
这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。
译为：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。
二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出，相比较要容易一些，大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。
三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。
例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。
因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。
四、综合法另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。
即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。
例如：“The phenomenon y in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。
考研英语(一)长难句解析系列——2015年Text3
考研英语（一）长难句解析系列——2015年Text3这篇文章的原文题目为Science joins push to screen statistics in papers(35题的正确答案)，选自英国著名的《Nature》杂志，这一杂志致力于报道和评论全球科技领域里最重要的突破。
试卷上的文章完整地节选了原文的前6段，意义连贯，并没有给考生在理解上造成太大的障碍。
文章主要讲述的是继各大期刊支持数据分析标准化后，新政策也紧随其后出台。
全文共423字，共17句话，平均每句约25词，从长难句角度来讲，难度正常：简单句、并列句、复合句分别有4句、1句、7句，其余的5句则为并列复合句。
下面就其中的典型例句进行详解：【典型例句1】The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.【例句分析】这句话以逗号为界，主干是The policy follows similar efforts from other journals，after widespread concern是状语，that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings是同位语从句，解释说明concern。
【难点点拨】contribute to意为“……是(造成某情况) 的一个原因”。
【例句释义】目前，广泛担忧数据分析方面的错误造成许多已经出版的研究成果的不可复制性。
考研英语 长难句解析10年阅读Text3
本文选自2007年2月Harvard Business Review上一篇名为The Accidental Influentials的文章，主要讨论了影响社会流行潮的主要因素：人们普遍认为社会流行潮的出现主要是由少数有影响力的名人推动的，但新研究表明其关键因素却是大部分的直接受影响者能够积极有效地参与传播过程。
全文中在长难句方面，难度居中。
作为2010年考研英语试卷的第三篇阅读，句子难度必然会较前面题型有所提升，尤其是后半部分难度增加，再加上文中的一些难词，这必然会给考生造成理解上的障碍，以致最终影响做题得分。
下面就其中的典型例句进行分析：【典型例句1】：In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.【例句解析】：本句中主干成分为some researchers have come up with the finding。
that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed是同位语从句，解释说明finding;而从句中又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句，采用省略主语的结构。
【难点点拨】：influential：有影响力的人;social epidemic：社会流行潮【例句释义】：然而，在近期研究中，一些研究者已经发现：有影响力的人对于社会流行潮的影响要比通常认为的小得多。
【典型例句2】：Yet it is precisely these noncelebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.【例句解析】：本句包含一个强调句型，即it is precisely…..who…..，用来强调主语，句子主干成分为these noncelebrity influentials are supposed to drive social epidemics。
考研英语长难句66句(含详细解析)
1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.词汇突破：cognitive 认知的（后天习得的）Intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有：Nature先天；nurture后天；born ;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天习得；Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。
主干识别：句子的主语是This success和later research ；谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干结构是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that …其他成分：在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语；在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语；more…than结构翻译为与其说，不如说。
微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长，且是用两个逗号隔开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。
译文赏析：这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。
2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破：visualize 想象Figure out 发现和找出Suits 使…适合主干识别：句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句，it是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How …is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity，谓语是suits 宾语是one ;其他成分：状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语；动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。
考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文
考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文【2015 年 Text4】1. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shieldthought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.译文：她认为，这种同样的道德目的缺失正在伤及诸如新闻国际这样的公司，使它更可能如同曾经的大规模非法电话窃听一样误入歧途。
2. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.译文：其中揭露的惊人真相之一是丽贝卡•布鲁克斯对于其新闻编辑室中所发生的事情知晓的有多么少，她曾想到要设法过问的事情又有多么少，甚至于她从来都没有询问过这些新闻报道到底是怎么来的。
【2016 年 Text1】1. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.译文：它责令时尚业必须对其发送给女性，尤其是十几岁的少女的信号负责，这些信号是她们必须用来衡量自身个人价值的社会尺度。
历年考研《英语》真题长难句解析
1. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. 【译文】经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(澳北州政府)成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局。
【析句】句子的主体结构是Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority。
句首成分After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates是作状语的介词词组，动词不定式to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die相当于定语从句which allows doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die，修饰the first legal authority。
【讲词】to take the life of sb和to take sb’s life意思是“结束某人的生命”。
A car bombing took the life of a 61-year-old man.(汽车炸弹夺去了一位61岁老头的生命。
)I didn’t understand how you could take the life of an innocent animal.(我不明白你怎么能杀死一个无辜的动物。
历年考研英语真题长难句解析（三）
7.However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world''s more fascination and delightful aspects. 句⼦主⼲：However, the world is so made that…systems are …unable to deal with some of the …aspects 语法难点：so made指如此构成，so和后⾯的that构成so…that结构，意为如此……以⾄于…….be…（un）able to指可以（或不可以）……. 句⼦翻译：然⽽，世界就是如此。
⼀般⽽⾔，完美的体系⽆法解决世界上某些更加引⼈⼊胜的课题。
翻译技巧：be so made that 意为如…构成，不符合汉语表达习惯，所以译为就是如此. in principle 总的说来 deal with 应付…… 8.New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance. 句⼦主⼲：New forms…as well as new subjects…must arise…as they have in the past, giving rise to… 语法难点：有并列从句。
1)主语较为复杂，为并列结构，分别是new forms和new subjects，中间⽤as well as连接。
2)as在这⾥引导了⼀个介词结构(as they have in the past), have的宾语省略了，其内容与本句主语⼀致。
考研英语典型长难句及解析之三
考研英语典型长难句及解析之三1. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.结构分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction…。
that引导宾语从句。
此宾语从句中套嵌一个由which引导的定语从句修饰先行词forces of attraction; so that the attraction between molecules…是so that结构引导的结果状语从句;在此状语从句中，除主干结构the attraction…was very small but became considerable…，又有that were more than a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart做定语从句修饰先行词molecules和when the molecules approached more closely做状语从句，修饰…but became considerable。
considerable译为“相当大（或多的）”。
译文：我们曾经假定，分子之间存在着引力，这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化，因而，在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近时，这种引力会变得相当大。
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。
主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。
从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。
破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。
注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。
2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
2020考研英语：经典长难句剖析三
2020考研英语：经典长难句剖析三考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：经典长难句剖析三”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：经典长难句剖析三【典型难句一】But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.【结构剖析】主干为science does provide us with guide and it is critical that ....our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments 为主语从句，it指代的内容。
that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.为定语从句修饰judgments.【猜词技巧】critical是多义词，既可以表示批判的，也可以表示评论的，重要的。
因为and 前后连接两个并列的分句，前面的分句里does对谓语动词进行了强调，所以critical在这里处理为“重要的”。
【翻译点拔】由于critical表示“重要的”，那么它后面的从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，base前把should省略掉了，翻译的时候一定要进行处理，把should进行还原。
【参考译文】但是科学确实为我们提供了涉及未来的最佳指导，对于现在的行为之于未来的结果，科学能提供最好的评判，我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。
考研英语长难句解析
考研英语长难句解析一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。
在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。
对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。
此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。
例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age andprevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and thirdgeneration after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced byspending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that theywant most.例3. If, on theother hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, thiswill tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price andpermit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policiesand loans of low interest rate to thoseenterprises that could improve theirstructure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workersyearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this areahoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic developmentwould be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7.She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine andmedical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, aselsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups whichbring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing housesthat work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leranedform the internet the news that aserious explosion broke out in Xi’ana few days ago.例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend justcannot hold water, for I saw herat home just now.例3. However, the conventional view that education should be one of the veryhighest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.(2009年第3篇)三、考研英语长难句之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。
2020考研英语：阅读长难句辨析(3)
2020考研英语：阅读长难句辨析(3) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：阅读长难句辨析(3)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：阅读长难句辨析(3) “There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption. 在这三句话之中，第一句其实并不难，就是一个“插入语+倒装”的结构。
含义也比较清楚——一位曾经获得诺贝尔奖的经济学家密尔顿·弗里德曼曾经写道：“企业有且只有一个社会责任，那就是利用它的资源从事旨在增加企业利润的活动”。
第二句前面是“even if”引导的条件状语从句，后面是主句，主句部分结构是“主系表”。
第二句的含义是：但即使你接受弗里德曼的观点，并且把企业社会责任看作是浪费股东的钱，但事情可能不是非常清楚的。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析just as引导方式状从
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析just as引导方式状从In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well, just as a book that is capable of increasing our understanding can also be read purely for the information it contains. （This proposition cannot be reversed: it is not true that every book that can be read for entertainment can also be read for understanding.）【翻译】实际上任何一本为了理解或者是为了信息而阅读的书也都可以为了娱乐而阅读。
正如一本能够增进理解力的书也可以纯粹用来为它所包含的信息而阅读一样。
（这个命题是无法逆转的，也就是说，我们不能说，任何一本用来娱乐的书，也可以用来增进理解力。
）【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
它的主干是any book can be read for entertainment.that can be read for understanding or information是定语从句，修饰先行词book.as well的意思是“也”，表示追加，作状语。
它的用法可以参考系列文章的第（26）篇。
just as 引导的句子是方式状语从句，just as是连词，意思是“正如......”方式状语从句表示的是主句里的谓语动词表示的动作发出时的状态或方式。
再如: He treated her as if she were his sister（他对待她的样子，似乎她是他的妹妹。
考研英语必考长难句详解含译文press
考研英语必考长难句详解含译文1.Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research —a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.press for：paralysis：analysis:2. To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, wemust press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate.serve as：steward：press forward on:inadequate：往下翻，对对答案~~~1. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to pressfor more research —a classic case of“paralysis by analysis”.press for：不断要求…paralysis：n. 瘫痪analysis: n. 分析译文：他们没有出台行动计划，相反，只是继续敦促进行更多研究——典型的“分析导致瘫痪”的案例。
2. To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate.serve as：用作，充当；成为（身份）steward：n. 保护者press forward on: 推进inadequate：adj不充分的，不足够的译文：为了担负好地球保护者的责任，我们必须加紧推进对于大气和海洋的深入研究。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文n
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. In the early days , too , longlines would have been more saturated with fish . Some individuals would therefore not have been caught , since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them , leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past .结构：•In the early days , too , longlines [主] would have been [为] more saturated with fish [宾] .•Some individuals [主] would therefore not have been caught [谓（被动）] ,•since no baited hooks [主] would have been available to [谓] trap them , leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past [宾]单词：Longline n.多钩长线延绳钓saturate vt.使饱和是充满词组：Saturate with 使充满Be available to 能够Lead to 通向导致直译：早期，延绳钓能钓到更多的鱼。
因此，一些个体不会被捕获，由于没有鱼饵的鱼钩无法捕捉他们，这就导致了对过去鱼群数量的低估译文：早期，多钓长线能钓到更多的鱼。
过去没有带诱饵的鱼钩来捕鱼，因此，有些鱼逃过一劫，这导致鱼的储量被低估了2. Furthermore , in the early days of longline fishing , a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked . That is no longer a problem , because there are fewer sharks around now .结构：•Furthermore , in the early days of longline fishing , a lot of fish [主] were lost [谓] to sharks after they had been hooked [宾] .•That is no longer a problem ,•原因状语从句：because there are fewer sharks around now 直译：而且，早期的多钩长线钓鱼，许多鱼在被钓到以后被鲨鱼吃掉了。
2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(三).doc
2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(三)考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(三)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语：典型长难句解析(三)21. Interface with the Business Development Support Group to assist in developing strategic communication plans for new business development， working with government relations and protocol specialist in supporting visits from various external stakeholders.与业务开发支持部门协调，协助制定交际策略方案，开发新业务帮助协调与政府的关系，同礼仪一道负责接待与公司有密切关系的外来造访者。
22. External communications experience in a media，corporate or agency setting， knowledge of media and communications vehicles and the fundamental principles of journalism and public relations， successful project management experience， with excellent communication and interpersonal skills.有在媒体机构、公司或代理机构负责对外交际工作的经验，熟悉各种媒体和交际手段，熟知新闻和公共关系方面的基本原理，具有项目管理的成功经验，具有优良的交际和人际关系处理技能。
23. In many states this year， budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or frozen， while tuition， the share of the cost borne by the students themselves， has gone up&mdashin some cases faster than the rate of inflation.今年，在许多州，州立大学的预算不得不减少或冻结，而学费&mdash&mdash学生所承担的费用&mdash&mdash却上升了，在某些情况下上升得比通货膨胀率还要快。
考研英语典型长难句及解析
考研英语典型长难句及解析考研英语典型长难句及解析之一1. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep (2), electricity is working for us (1), driving our refrigerators, heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned (3).电仍在为我们工作。
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作。
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作——开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life" (1), the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials (2).可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”。
可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。
If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment (2), they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it (1).他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。
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考研英语典型长难句及解析之三1. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.结构分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction…。
that引导宾语从句。
此宾语从句中套嵌一个由which引导的定语从句修饰先行词forces of attraction; so that the attraction between molecules…是so that结构引导的结果状语从句;在此状语从句中，除主干结构the attraction…was very small but became considerable…，又有that were more than a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart做定语从句修饰先行词molecules和when the molecules approached more closely做状语从句，修饰…but became considerable。
considerable译为“相当大（或多的）”。
译文：我们曾经假定，分子之间存在着引力，这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化，因而，在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近时，这种引力会变得相当大。
2. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development，which means that we must，for the benefit of coming generations，leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.结构分析:句子的框架是This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development…。
其后紧跟着一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词sustainable development。
此定语从句的谓语动词means又套嵌一个that引导的宾语从句，即we must…leave enough environmental space。
此宾语从句中又有so that结构做此从句的目的状语。
be enshrined in意为“被深深地珍藏（或铭记）在…”，此处转译为主动语态“纳入到”。
sustainable development译为“可持续发展”。
译文：这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中。
所谓可持续发展是指:为了子孙后代的利益，我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间，- 1 -以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。
3. Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space，which is the special property of sculpture and architecture，since a painting is designed to be seen from one point at one time，whereas sculpture and architecture are created to be seen from various points of view，thus supplying movements in space and time.结构分析:句子的框架是Painting lacks only the means…,since…。
since引导的原因状语从句修饰主句;关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰the means to represent movement in time and space; property在此处应译为“性质,特性”,不译为“财产,资产”。
译文：绘画缺少的仅仅是表现空间与时间变化的手法，而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性。
绘画时只要求在某一时刻，从空间的一点来欣赏，而雕塑和建筑的创造则要求从各个角度来欣赏，这样就表现出了空间，时间的变化。
4. Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes，and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes，these women have since given voice，loudly and persuasively，to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country，their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.结构分析:句子的框架是these women have…given voice…to what they know from experience that…。
that从句做experience的同位语从句;此从句中又套嵌一个unless引导的条件状语从句;Once intimidated by arguments是过去分词做状语修饰these women，其施动者arguments 又有两个that引导的同位语从句修饰限定它。
intimidated by arguments意为“被论点搞得惊慌害怕”;feel at home不能直译为“感到在家”，而译为“感到自在”;give voice to意为“表达，表露”;land jobs译为“找到工作”。
译文：有人说，孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在，而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。
这几位母亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安，现在发表了最响亮，最有说服力的意见。
从她们自身的经验中，他们深知:如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所移居国家的语言，除了那些最简单的体力活儿外，根本谈不上上大学，也谈不上找到理想的工作。
- 2 -5. The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells，though now specialized，still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on..结构分析:句子的框架是The presumption is that all these cells…contain genetic instructions…and can do so…。
其中介词on加which引导定语从句修饰主语the presumption; that从句为表语从句;此表语从句中contain和can do并列做all these cells的谓语;表语从句中又插入一个though引导的省略了主语all these cells的让步状语从句，补充完整为though these cells are now specialized; needed to make an entire individual为过去分词短语做genetic instructions的后置定语;并列谓语can do so又有if条件句修饰。
rest on意为“依赖”。
为避免重复do so代替前文提到的make an entire individual。
译文：人类克隆赖以存在的假定是:虽然所有的细胞现已全部特化，但却仍然包含有发育为完整个体所需的与母体完全一致的全部遗传指令;如果能找到一个方法使失去作用的部分恢复作用，这些细胞就能发育成为完整的个体。
6. Thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.结构分析：句子的框架是a regularity…will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity…。
介词for加关系代词which 引导定语从句修饰a regularity。
an empirical regularity后又有定语从句that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories修饰。
grounds意为“根据，理由”;subsume意为“把…归入，纳入”。
译文：因此，与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比，一条具有普遍理论依据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则。
7. It is because of the close association in most people’s minds of tools with man that special attention has always been focused upon any animal - 3 -able to use an object as a tool，but it is important to realize that this ability，on its own，does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerned.结构分析:句子的框架是It is because of…that…，but it is important to realize that…。