英语二课件5(2013.8.18)
2013-2018高考英语全国卷II
2013-2018高考英语全国卷II书面表达汇总（晨读材料）2018年全国卷II你受学生会委托，为学校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看Growing Together,内容包括：1. 短片内容：学校的发展 2. 放映时间、地点 3. 欢迎对短片提出意见注意：1. 100词左右 2. 可以适当增添细节，以使行文连贯。
（应用文体：通知）NoticeIn order to have a better understanding of our school, an outstanding English short movie about our school will be shown in the library from 2:30 to 4:00in the afternoon on June 9th. It is organized by the Student Union.Here are some relevant details about it.To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school.As we all expect, it will be not only eaningful but also interesting. What’s more, everyone of you will be welcome to take part (participate) in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.The Student UnionJune 8, 2018 (114words)2017年全国卷II假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。
2013考研英语二
2013考研英语二人工智能（AI）是一门研究如何使计算机能够像人一样地思考和行动的学科。
它是计算机科学、认知心理学以及哲学的交叉学科。
近年来，人工智能在各个领域取得了巨大的进展，已经成为当今科技领域中备受关注的热点。
人工智能的发展离不开大数据的支持。
大数据是一种以海量、高速、多样化的数据为基础，通过一系列技术和工具进行筛选、处理和分析而获得的有价值的信息。
在人工智能领域，大数据扮演着重要的角色，可以为人工智能算法提供更多的训练样本和参考信息，从而提高智能系统的准确性和性能。
在人工智能的研究中，机器学习是其中最核心的技术之一。
机器学习是一种利用数据和统计方法，让计算机从中学习和改进性能的技术。
通过机器学习，计算机可以根据已有的数据，进行模式识别和预测，从而实现智能化的决策和行为。
例如，在图像识别方面，通过机器学习可以让计算机自动识别图像中的物体和场景，达到与人类相似甚至超越的准确度。
自然语言处理是人工智能领域的另一个重要分支。
它致力于让计算机能够理解和处理人类的自然语言。
通过自然语言处理，计算机可以实现自动翻译、智能对话、文本摘要等功能。
例如，智能语音助手的出现，就是基于自然语言处理技术。
通过语音识别和语义理解，人们可以直接与智能助手进行对话，获得各种信息和帮助。
人工智能的应用已经渗透到各个领域。
在医疗健康领域，人工智能可以帮助医生进行病情诊断和治疗方案的制定。
在交通运输领域，人工智能可以提供智能导航和交通控制系统，减少交通事故和拥堵。
在金融领域，人工智能可以实现智能投资和风险评估。
在智能制造领域，人工智能可以实现自动化生产和智能物流等。
然而，人工智能也存在一些挑战和问题。
首先，人工智能技术的不断进步和应用会带来一些伦理和社会问题。
例如，自动驾驶技术的发展，就引发了人们对于道路安全、责任归属等问题的关注。
其次，人工智能的发展也带来了一定的就业压力。
某些工作岗位可能会被自动化和智能化所取代，导致一些人面临失业风险。
2013新版自考英语(二)讲义超级完整版
2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of LanguageI. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观va lu abl ein va lua bl e=pr ic el es sva lu eles s9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n.10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/th e a uthor it y o n s th.auth or i ze15. c om par e v. 比较；对比c om par e A w ith Bc om par e A t o B16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例in c as ein c as e of f ir ein c as e t hat…a c as e i n po intc onf irm ed/s us pec ted c as es21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的va lid it y n. 有效性，正确（性）in val i d24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的inc r ed ibl e=unb el ie vab le25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的r ele vanc y n. 关联；恰当ir r ele va nt27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的ina ppr opr iat eIt's (not) ap pr opr i ate t hat ….29. b ia s n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地c ons iderc ons ider ingc ons ider a bl ec ons ider a tec ons ider a tio n31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的wel l-inf or m edil l-inf or m edPhr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用2. pu t f or th 提出；产生3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. T ex t Lear n ingCr itic a l R e ad ing① (1)Cr itic a l r ead ing app lies to n on-f ic tio n wr i tin g in whic h th e a uthor pu tsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. C r itic a l r ea di ng i s ac tiv er eadi ng. It in vo lv es m or e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）und er s tand ing what an a uthor is s a yi n g. Cr itic a l r ea din g in vol v es ques t ion ing an d e v alu ati ng what t he auth or is s a yi n g, and f or m ing yo u r own o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he auth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the t hi ngs yo u s hou ld do t o be a c r itic al r ea der.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. Cr it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut hor putsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.app l y的派生词：a p plic a tio n, a pp lic a nt, a ppl ic ab le② C ons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y b e r ea di ng s om ething that w as wr itt en b y a n aut hor f r om a diff er ent c u ltur a l c ont ex t th an your s.(2)O r, you m a y b e r e adi ng s om ethin g wr it t en s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo ur s. (3)In eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze an d tak e into ac c ount a n y dif f er enc es bet ween yo ur v al u es and att itud es an d t hos er epr es ente d b y t he a u thor.本部分重点及难点：2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo u r s.s om e tim e注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es3. I n eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze and ta k e into ac c ount a n y d i ff er enc es bet we en yo ur v al ues and att itud es an d t hos e r epr es e nted b y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
2013年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本篇文章是一篇议论文。
阐述了当代社会电子支付方式已日益成为人们生活中不可或缺的生活方式之一。
由此引发的问题是我们是否会迎来一个无现金社会(社会中不存在现金交易，电子支付方式完全将其取代)。
作者认为这样的无现金社会还需很长时间才可实现。
因为虽然电子支付方式相较于现金支付方式有很多优势，但仍存在一定的安全隐患，比如可能泄漏用户信息，不能保障用户的隐私安全等。
试题解析Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.__1__a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed, predictions have been__2__for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Weekpredicted in1975that electronic means of payment would soon“revolutionize the very__3__of money itself，”only to __4__itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so__5__in coming?【译文】鉴于电子化付款方式的优势，你或许会认为，我们将很快进入一个无现金社会，所有的交易都由电子支付方式完成。
大学英语(二)电子课件
1ACritical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author form a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.Question assertions made by the author.Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.Compare what written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumption are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Evaluate the source the author users. In doing this, be certain that the source are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state , be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.Identify any possible author bias.A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with ―a grain of salt.‖By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.1BThe language of confidenceThe language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve your quality of life.Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our sub-conscious mind. It is like a child, it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you."Try"It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart in to it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to ?" and notice how you feel. Next say "I will do ?" and see how you feel.The latter made you feel better than the first one didn't it? It gives you a sense of determination; a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word tryfrom your dictionary and see how your life improves."Can't"This is another small word with big impact. It dis-empowers us, makes us feel week and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.Instead of saying you can't, why not say something like "I choose ?" or "I choose not to ?". Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.What words do you use a lot that dis-empower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!2ASpilt MilkHave you heard of the story - spilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different.I would hope all parents would respond in this manner.I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was being interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he thought he was able to be so much more creative than the average person. What set him so far apart from others?He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor - a veritable sea of milk!When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, "Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?"Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said, "You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilled milk.His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson!This renowned scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes.Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment doesn't work,• we usually learn something valuable from it.Wouldn't it be great if all parents would respond the way Robert's mother responded to him?2BThe cakeCindy glanced nervously at the clock on the kitchen wall. Five minutes before midnight.―They should be home any time now,‖ she thought as she put the finishing touches on the chocolate cake she was frosting1 It was the first time in her 12 years she had tried to make a cake from scratch, and to be honest, it wasn’t exactly an aesthetic2 triumph. The cake was... well, lumpy3. And the frosting was bitter, as if she had run out of sugar or something. Which, of course, she had.The whole kitchen was a mess. Pans, bowls and other utensils4 were turned over, fell on the floor. The materials for making the cake, including flour, frosting and sugar,were scattered everywhere. The cream was also smeared everywhere, bits and pieces.But Cindy wasn’t thinking about the mess. She had created something, a veritable5 phoenix of flour and sugar rising out of the kitchen clutter. She was anxious for her parents to return home from their date so she could present her anniversary6 gift to them. She turned off the kitchen lights and waited excitedly in the darkness. When at last she saw the flash of the car headlights, she positioned herself in the kitchen doorway. By the time she heard the key sliding into the front door, she was THIS CLOSE to exploding.Her parents tried to slip in quietly, but Cindy would have none of that. She flipped7 on the lights dramatically and trumpeted8，―See!‖ She gestured grandly toward the kitchen table, where a slightly off-balance two-layer chocolate cake awaited their inspection.But her mother’s eyes never made it all the way to the table. ―Just look at this mess!‖ she moaned. ―How many times have I talked to you about cleaning up after yourself?‖―But Mom, I was only...‖―I should make you clean this up right now, but I’m too tired to stay up with you to make sure you get it done right,‖ her mother said. ―So you’ll do it first thing in the morning.‖―Honey,‖ Cindy’s father interjected gently, ―take a look at the table.‖―I know—it’s a mess,‖ his wife said coldly. ―The whole kitchen is a disaster. I can’t stand to look at it.‖ She stormed up the stairs and into her room, slamming the door shut behind her.For a few moments Cindy and her father stood silently, neither one knowing what to say. At last she looked up at him, her eyes moist and red. ―She never saw the cake,‖ she said.Unfortunately, Cindy’s mother isn’t the only parent who can’t see the details. Muddy shoes, lost lunch money and messy kitchens are really troublesome. But what’s a lit tle mud—even ona new carpet—compared to a child’sself-esteem? Is a lost dollar more valuable than a youngster’s emerging dignity? And while kitchen sanitation is important, is it worth the sacrifice of tender feelings and relationships?I’m not saying that our children don’t need to learn responsibility, or to occasionally suffer the painful consequences of their own bad choices. Those lessons are vital, and need to be carefully taught. But as parents, we must never forget that we’re not just teaching less ons—we’re teaching children. That means there are times when we really need to see the mess in the kitchen, and times when we only need to see the cake.3AReflections:friendship and loyaltyHow many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consists of a friend, who will stick by you, though thick and thin. A friend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with lies is a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a true virtue in that friend. 我们中有多人能够结识真正忠诚的朋友？忠诚的朋友既是你遇到艰难险阻也会不离不弃。
2013 英语二
2013 英语二2013年全国硕士研究生英语二考试已经结束，考试成绩已经公布。
以下是2013年英语二的真题及答案解析，供您参考：2013年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirection:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost 3000 journals publishing research in these fields. The display of journals has been recently increasing in the __1__of academic libraries, and many of them are __2__or abstracted in powerful regional and disciplinary databases. What is surprising is the fact that the number of journals __3__a refereed status has not increased.The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) is the largest collection of __4__graduate theses and dissertations in the world. As of July 2006, the NDLTD __5__more than 7 million electronic theses and dissertations from more than 3200 graduate schools and individual authors __6__around the world. The NDLTD is one of the __7__projects that are being funded by the government.One theory is that when the number of journals __8__the number of newly submitted manuscripts, a crisis will occur in the scholarly communication system. However, according to a recent study, the number of refereed journals available has not __9__even as the number of submissions increases. Therefore, a crisis in the scholarly communication system is __10__to occur.The Internet is also contributing to the __11__of scholarly journals: the number of online journals has __12__in the past few years. As these databases __13__, more scholars will be able to publish their research online. This will also make it more difficult for __14__to determine which journals are most important or most influential.The Internet has __15__the process of scholarly communication, but at the same time this process has been subject to many __16__that are detracting from its value as a source of information. Some scholars are also concerned that the Internet will make it more difficult for them to __17__their ideas because of the ease with which information can be retrieved on the Internet.In conclusion, the impact of the Internet on scholarly communication is __18__and complex, and it is too soon to predict its ultimate impact. However, it is clear that traditional scholarly communication channels will __19__as the Internet continues to develop in importance. It is also clear that some scholarly journals have adopted an attitude that is less __20__to the Internet than others.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirection:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1:In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce overall poverty, development banks have to do more than increase capital flows to the poor. They also need to fundamentally alter the conditions under which many people live and raise questions about cultural practices often taken for granted and handed down from generation to generation. (46)_____. Poverty and development are multi-dimensional, involving a range of economic, social, cultural and psychological factors that can lead to both individual and collective actions and choices. Therefore, development banks should consider all factors that have an impact on poverty reduction when designing policies and programs aimed at poverty eradication. (47)_____. This requires a fundamental shift in how development banks view poverty reduction: from a focus on providing financial assistance to a focus on creating enabling environments for individuals and communities to thrive. Development banks should also support local communitiesin their efforts to identify their own development needs and goals by building their capacity to obtain access to information and by facilitating open dialogue between community members. By engaging with local communities and individuals directly, development banks can ensure that development programs are designed to address their specific challenges and are culturally sensitive. (48)_____. By focusing on enabling rather than directly providing resources or services, development banks can help build sustainable local capacity over time. This approach also helps create a sense of ownership among local community members, who see themselves as agents in their own development rather than passive beneficiaries of outside assistance. (49)_____. Development banks need to recognize that cultural practices can be obstacles to poverty reduction if they prevent individuals and communities from taking advantage of development opportunities or if they encourage negative coping mechanisms, such as the exploitation of natural resources or。
2013新版自考英语（二）讲义超级完整版
2013新版自考英语（二）讲义超级完整版2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of Language I. New w o rd s an d ex p ress io n sNe w wor ds1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观va lu abl ein va lua bl e=pr ic el es sva lu eles s9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n.10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/th e a uthor it y o n s th.auth or i ze15. c om par e v. 比较；对比c om par e A w ith Bc om par e A t o B16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例in c as ein c as e of f ir ein c as e t hat…a c as e i n po intc onf irm ed/s us pec ted c as es21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的va lid it y n. 有效性，正确（性）in val i d24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的inc r ed ibl e=unb el ie vab le25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的r ele vanc y n. 关联；恰当ir r ele va nt27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的ina ppr opr iat eIt's (not) ap pr opr i ate t hat ….29. b ia s n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地c ons iderc ons ider ingc ons ider a bl ec ons ider a tec ons ider a tio n31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的wel l-inf or m edil l-inf or m edPhr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用2. pu t f or th 提出；产生3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. T ext L earn in gCr itic a l R e ad ing① (1)Cr itic a l r ead ing app lies to n on-f ic tio n wr i tin g in whic h th e a uthor pu tsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. C r itic a l r ea di ng i s ac tiv er eadi ng. It in vo lv es m or e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）und er s tand ing what an a uthor is s a yi n g. Cr itic a l r ea din g in vol v es ques t ion ing an d e v alu ati ng what t he auth or is s a yi n g, and f or m ing yo u r own o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he auth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the t hi ngs yo u s hou ld do t o be a c r itic al r ea der.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. Cr it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut hor putsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.app l y的派生词：a p plic a tio n, a pp lic a nt, a ppl ic ab le② C ons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y be r ea di ng s om ething that w as wr itt en b y a n aut horf r oma diff er ent c u ltur a l c ont ex t th an your s.(2)O r, you m a y b e r e adi ng s om ethin g wr it t en s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo ur s. (3)In eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze an d tak e into ac c ount a n y dif f er enc es bet ween yo ur v al u es and att itud es an d t hos er epr es ente d b y t he a u thor.本部分重点及难点：2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo u r s.s om e tim e注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es3. I n eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze and ta k e into acc ount a n yd i ff er enc es bet we en yo ur v al ues and att itud es an d t hos e r epr es e nted b y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
2013年 英语二真题(未排版)【小白考研】
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1， a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" -it takes several days11 a check is cashed and funds are12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else's accounts. The18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However[B] Moreover[C] Therefore[D] Otherwise2. [A] off[B] back[C] over[D] around3. [A] power[B] concept[C] history[D] role4. [A] reward[B] resist[C] resume[D] reverse5. [A] silent[B] sudden[C] slow[D] steady6. [A] for[B] against[C]with[D] on7. [A] imaginative[B] expensive[C] sensitive[D] productive8. [A] similar[B] original[C] temporary[D] dominant9. [A] collect[B] provide[C] copy[D] print10. [A] give up[B] take over[C] bring back[D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after[C] since[D] when12. [A] kept[B] borrowed[C] released[D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless[B] Until[C] Because[D] Though14. [A] hide[B] express[C] raise[D] ease15. [A] analyzed[B] shared[C] stored[D] displayed16. [A] unsafe[B] unnatural[C] uncommon[D] unclear17. [A] steal[B] choose[C] benefit[D] return18. [A] consideration[B] prevention[C] manipulation[D] justification19. [A] cope with[B] fight against[C] adapt to[D] call for20. [A] chunk[B] chip[C] path[D] trailSection Ⅰ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirection:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915,about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliensto be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another. With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseasIt is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D] has been fixed via political means28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be _ _[A] Come and Go: Big Mistake[B] Living and Thriving : Great Risk[C] With or Without : Great Risk[D]Legal or Illegal: Big MistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’ study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter howmuch “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater“soft pressure”Part BDirection:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A - G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42.______________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43._______ __You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44.________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45._________________ _You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant -£1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 -more than"enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away greatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details, and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not use your own name. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words, on the ANWER SHEET 2.(15 points)某高校学生兼职情况。
2013考研英语二真题及答案（详细版）【5】
2013考研英语二真题及答案（详细版）【5】Text 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participant s in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while withoutcommitting themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with legal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 which of the best title for the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.。
2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” only to 4itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”—it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there.The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. ［A］However［C］Therefore ［D］Otherwise2. ［A］off［B］back［C］over［D］around3. ［A］power ［B］concept ［C］history［D］role4. ［A］reward ［B］resist［C］resume［D］reverse5. ［A］silent ［B］sudden［C］slow［D］steady6. ［A］for［B］against［C］with［D］on7. ［A］imaginative ［B］expensive［D］productive8. ［A］similar ［B］original ［C］temporary ［D］dominant9. ［A］collect ［B］provide ［C］copy ［D］print10. ［A］give up ［B］take over ［C］bring back ［D］pass down11. ［A］before ［B］after［C］since ［D］when12. ［A］kept ［B］borrowed ［C］released ［D］withdrawn13. ［A］Unless ［B］Until ［C］Because［D］Though14. ［A］hide［B］express［C］raise［D］ease15. ［A］analyzed ［B］shared［C］stored［D］displayed16. ［A］unsafe ［B］unnatural［C］uncommon ［D］unclear17. ［A］steal［B］choose［C］benefit［D］return18. ［A］consideration ［B］prevention ［C］manipulation ［D］justification19. ［A］cope with ［B］fight against ［C］adapt to［D］call for20. ［A］chunk［B］chip［C］path［D］trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Da vidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the ma chines.”Davidson s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won t earn you what it used to. It can t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, ［U.S.］factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of everythree manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.［A］the impact of technological advances［B］the alleviation of job pressure［C］the shrinkage of textile mills［D］the decline of middle class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to.［A］work on cheap software［B］ask for a moderate salary［C］adopt an average lifestyle［D］contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that.［A］gains of technology have been erased［B］job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed［C］factories are making much less money than before［D］new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is.［A］to accelerate the I.T. revolution［B］to ensure more education for people［C］to advance economic globalization［D］to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?［A］New Law Takes Effect［B］Technology Goes Cheap［C］Average Is Over［D］Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health care aides and physicists are among today s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means openingup the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.“Birds of passage” refers to those who.［A］immigrate across the Atlantic［B］leave their home countries for good［C］stay in a foreign country temporarily［D］find permanent jobs overseas27.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the U.S..［A］needs new immigrant categories［B］has loosened control over immigrants［C］should be adapted to meet challenges［D］has been fixed via political means28.According to the author, today s birds of passage want.［A］financial incentives［B］ a global recognition［C］opportunities to get regular jobs［D］the freedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated.［A］as faithful partners［B］with economic favors［C］with legal tolerance［D］as mighty rivals30.Which is the best title for the passage?［A］Come and Go: Big Mistake［B］Living and Thriving: Great Risk［C］Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake［D］With or Without: Great RiskText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we re doing. Subjects exposed to fast food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” in formation reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dog can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technologymight change the way we react, it hasn t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may.［A］vary according to the urgency of the situation［B］prove the complexity of our brain reaction［C］depend on the importance of the assessment［D］predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast food logo shows that snap decisions.［A］can be associative［B］are not unconscious［C］can be dangerous［D］are not impulsive33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should.［A］trust our first impression［B］do as people usually do［C］think before we act［D］ask for expert advice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on.［A］critical assessment［B］“thin sliced” study［C］sensible explanation［D］adequate information35.The author s attitude toward reversing the high speed trend is.［A］tolerant［B］uncertain［C］optimistic［D］doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe s top corporate governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding s reluctance—and her frustration. I don t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break thr ough to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Shery Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace, generally.［A］women take the lead［B］men have the final say［C］corporate governance is overwhelmed［D］senior management is family friendly37.The European Union s intended legislation is.［A］ a reflection of gender balance［B］ a reluctant choice［C］ a response to Reding s call［D］ a voluntary action38.According to Reding, quotas may help women.［A］get top business positions［B］see through the glass ceiling［C］balance work and family［D］anticipate legal results39.The author s attitude toward Reding s appeal is one of.［A］skepticism［B］objectiveness［C］indifference［D］approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of. ［A］more social justice［B］massive media attention［C］suitable public policies［D］greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A G for each numbered paragraph (41 45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）［A］Live like a peasant［B］Balance your diet［C］Shopkeepers are your friends［D］Remember to treat yourself［E］Stick to what you need［F］Planning is everything［G］Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London s best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious.“Th e community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I d lost. But it s still a day by day thing.”Now he s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He s feeling positive, but he ll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well on a budget. Here s his advice for economical foodies.41.Impulsive spending isn t an option, so plan your week s menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it s not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It s also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you ll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42.This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there s not thesame embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre packed in the supermarket chiller.43.You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off”will be cooked or juiced.44.Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you ll feel comfortable asking if they ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they ll let you have for free.45.You won t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡21—more than enough for a three course lunch at Michelin starred Arbutus. It s ￡16.95 there—or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino s: I know which I d rather eat.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does—try to put it to one side. I don t think it s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the daybefore. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day—they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. U se “Li Ming” instead. Don t write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words.（15 points）某高校学生兼职情况【2013年试题超精解】1.［答案］［A］［考点］上下文逻辑关系［解析］此类考题形式表明本题考查上下文之间存在的逻辑关系，理解上下文并破解其逻辑关系是解题的关键。
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及解析
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” only to 4itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”—it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there.The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. ［A］However ［B］Moreover ［C］Therefore ［D］Otherwise2. ［A］off ［B］back［C］over［D］around3. ［A］power ［B］concept ［C］history ［D］role4. ［A］reward ［B］resist ［C］resume ［D］reverse5. ［A］silent ［B］sudden ［C］slow［D］steady6. ［A］for ［B］against ［C］with［D］on7. ［A］imaginative ［B］expensive ［C］sensitive ［D］productive8. ［A］similar ［B］original ［C］temporary ［D］dominant9. ［A］collect ［B］provide［C］copy［D］print10. ［A］give up ［B］take over ［C］bring back ［D］pass down11. ［A］before ［B］after［C］since［D］when12. ［A］kept ［B］borrowed ［C］released ［D］withdrawn13. ［A］Unless［C］Because［D］Though14. ［A］hide［B］express［C］raise［D］ease15. ［A］analyzed ［B］shared［C］stored［D］displayed16. ［A］unsafe ［B］unnatural［C］uncommon ［D］unclear17. ［A］steal［B］choose［C］benefit［D］return18. ［A］consideration ［B］prevention ［C］manipulation ［D］justification19. ［A］cope with ［B］fight against［D］call for20. ［A］chunk［B］chip［C］path［D］trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke fro m cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won t earn you what it used to. It can t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, ［U.S.］factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.［A］the impact of technological advances［B］the alleviation of job pressure［C］the shrinkage of textile mills［D］the decline of middle class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to.［A］work on cheap software［B］ask for a moderate salary［C］adopt an average lifestyle［D］contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that.［A］gains of technology have been erased［B］job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed［C］factories are making much less money than before［D］new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is.［A］to accelerate the I.T. revolution［B］to ensure more education for people［C］to advance economic globalization［D］to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?［A］New Law Takes Effect［B］Technology Goes Cheap［C］Average Is Over［D］Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health care aides and physicists are among today s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be bothhere and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.“Birds of passage” refers to those who.［A］immigrate across the Atlantic［B］leave their home countries for good［C］stay in a foreign country temporarily［D］find permanent jobs overseas27.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the U.S..［A］needs new immigrant categories［B］has loosened control over immigrants［C］should be adapted to meet challenges［D］has been fixed via political means28.According to the author, today s birds of passage want.［A］financial incentives［B］ a global recognition［C］opportunities to get regular jobs［D］the freedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated.［A］as faithful partners［B］with economic favors［C］with legal tolerance［D］as mighty rivals30.Which is the best title for the passage?［A］Come and Go: Big Mistake［B］Living and Thriving: Great Risk［C］Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake［D］With or Without: Great RiskText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we re doing. Subjects exposed to fast food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dog can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may.［A］vary according to the urgency of the situation［B］prove the complexity of our brain reaction［C］depend on the importance of the assessment［D］predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast food logo shows that snap decisions.［A］can be associative［B］are not unconscious［C］can be dangerous［D］are not impulsive33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should.［A］trust our first impression［B］do as people usually do［C］think before we act［D］ask for expert advice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on.［A］critical assessment［B］“thin sliced” study［C］sensible explanation［D］adequate information35.The author s attitude toward reversing the high speed trend is.［A］tolerant［B］uncertain［C］optimistic［D］doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe s top corporate governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding s reluctance—and her frustration. I don t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Shery Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or theirchildren s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace, generally.［A］women take the lead［B］men have the final say［C］corporate governance is overwhelmed［D］senior management is family friendly37.The European Union s intended legislation is.［A］ a reflection of gender balance［B］ a reluctant choice［C］ a response to Reding s call［D］ a voluntary action38.According to Reding, quotas may help women.［A］get top business positions［B］see through the glass ceiling［C］balance work and family［D］anticipate legal results39.The author s attitude toward Reding s appeal is one of.［A］skepticism［B］objectiveness［C］indifference［D］approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of.［A］more social justice［B］massive media attention［C］suitable public policies［D］greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A G for each numbered paragraph (4145).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）［A］Live like a peasant［B］Balance your diet［C］Shopkeepers are your friends［D］Remember to treat yourself［E］Stick to what you need［F］Planning is everything［G］Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London s best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious.“The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I d lost. But it s still a day by day thing.”Now he s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He s feeling positive, but he ll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well on a budget. Here s his advice for economical foodies.41.Impulsive spending isn t an option, so plan your week s menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it s not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It s also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you llsometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42.This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre packed in the supermarket chiller.43.You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off”will be cooked or juiced.44.Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you ll feel comfortable asking if they ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they ll let you have for free.45.You won t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡21—more than enough for a three course lunch at Michelin starred Arbutus. It s ￡16.95 there—or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino s: I know which I d rather eat.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I dowhat everybody does—try to put it to one side. I don t think it s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day—they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Don t write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words.（15 points）某高校学生兼职情况【2013年试题超精解】1.［答案］［A］［考点］上下文逻辑关系［解析］此类考题形式表明本题考查上下文之间存在的逻辑关系，理解上下文并破解其逻辑关系是解题的关键。
2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析课件.doc
2013 考研英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___ a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been___2___for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself," only to___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so___5___in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a paymentssystem based on paper, several factors work___6___the disappearance of the papersystem. First, it is very___7___to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8___formof payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they___9___receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to___10___. Third, the use of paperchecks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days___11___ a check is cashed and funds are___12___from the issuer's account, which means thatthe writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may___14___security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access acomputer database and to alter information___15___there. The fact that this is notan ___16___ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bankaccounts in electronic payments systems and___17___from someone else's accounts.The___18___of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer scienceis developing to___19___security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic___20___that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America ”,the author Adam Davidsonrelates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today, ” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.Da vidson ’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appearedmaking the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment anddeclining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidlythan ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job ，could earn anaverage lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being a verage just won ’tearn you what it used to. It can ’t when so many more employers have so muchmore access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics,cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs tofind their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But therebeen an acceleration. As Davidson notes, ”In the 10 y e a g r s i n e n2d0i0n9,[U.S.]factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total-disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But theone thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education tomake themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to doto support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing somekind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access topoet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers andsojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in theUnited States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrivedwhile about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio, ”birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers intotwo categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don ’t need more categories, but weneed to change the way wethink about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, homehealth- care aides and physicists are among today ’sbirds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money andideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage tohave a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities withease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can beproductive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We needthem to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to twonations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudeson both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic ofright or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage ”refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D]has been fixed via political means28 According to the author, today ’s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk[D]legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if wetake a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or eveneliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judgingwhether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react veryquickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. Toaccurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least aminute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, likeneuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren ’ t exclusive to theinterpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing afast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, eventhough reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast foodwith speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’ redoing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece laststoo long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumerproducts or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good salesrepresentatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a momentbefore buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractivefemale applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outsidescreeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “ thin slice ”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “ thick sliced ”long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple willstay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; twodays, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiatesus from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a fewminutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplatingthe longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn ’changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise abovetemptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B] ‘thin sliced ’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author ’s attitude toward reversing the high -speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplacewill never be completely family —friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe ’s top corp-ogroavternance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europecorporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards tomaintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandatewas born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up forgender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal wasconsidered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporateLadder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don ’t like quotas, ”Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do. ”Quotas get action: they “open t o h e q w u a a y l i t ty and they breakthrough the glass ceiling, ”according to Reding, a result seen in France and othercountries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top businesspositions.I understand Reding ’sreluctance - and her frustration. I don ’t like quotaseither; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable.Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it doeslook as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europeas the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to topposition —no matter how much “soft pressure ”is put upon them. When womendo break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, SherylSandberg recently did at Facebook —they attract massive attention preciselybecause they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women —whether CEOs ortheir children ’csaregivers a—nd all families, Sandberg would be no morenewsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union ’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding ’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author ’s attitude toward Reding ’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] great er “soft pressure ”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitableheading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances hislove of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to s￡40of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a I yearworking in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" atleast twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinkingbecame serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt likethat again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gaveme the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Nowhe's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feelingpositive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can -"there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spendon food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance,making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Exceltemplate for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just costeffective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily insteadof weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about whatyou fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g ofshin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not goodenough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning aheadshould eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetablesoup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often thannot, They will let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ￡1.75 a week for threemonths gives you ￡21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin- starred Arbutus. It's ￡16.95 there - or ￡12.99 for a large pizza fromDomino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation onANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, whathappened in the news and even the day of the week. I ’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs mymind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When Ithink of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don ’ t think it ’ sharder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memorydoesn ’ t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day mygrandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before.I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the sameday- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write yourclassmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don ’ t use your own name, use “ Li Ming ”instead. Don ’ t write youraddress.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words2013 考研英语（二）答案Section I use of English1．【答案】A（However ）优势,你也许会认的为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,币【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货语义是金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话实现完全电子支付。
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选 D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有 D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
2013考研英语2
2013年考研英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. __1__a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been ___2__ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very __3__ of money itself," only to__4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so___5___ in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7__ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8__ form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to __10__ . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days __11___ a check is cashed and funds are __12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13__ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may __14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there. The fact that this is not an __16___ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and__17___ from someone else's accounts. The __18__ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic __20___ that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson‟s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won‟t earn you what it used to. It can‟t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always wil l. But there‟s been a acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most importantis_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don‟t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today‟s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foreign temporarily.[D]find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in theUS____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D]has been fixed via political means.28 According to the author, today‟s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the most title?[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren‟t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we‟re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple willstay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we reac t, it hasn‟t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]……thin sliced ‟‟study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author‟s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe‟s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don‟t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equal ity and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding‟s reluctance-and her frustration. I don‟t like q uotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur,when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children‟s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union‟s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding‟s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author‟s attitude toward Reding‟s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still aday-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________ This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced. 44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they'll let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week forthree months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the ne ws and even the day of the week, I‟ve been able to do this, since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does-try to put it to one side. I don‟t think it‟s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn‟t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day of the week the day of the week day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day-they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don‟t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don‟t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET。
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Unit 6 Text AThe Value of MoneyNever spend your money before you have it.钱财未到手，绝不提前花。
Thomas Jefferson美国第3位总统(1801年3月4日--1809年3月3日)职业：律师，种植者政党：民主共和党人托马斯·杰斐逊生于1743年的Albermarle县，他是一位种植员和检查员，从他父亲那里继承了大约5，000英亩土地。
母亲拥有很高的社会地位。
他在威廉玛莉学院学习，然后读法律。
在1772年，他与玛莎结婚。
1767年取得律师资格。
1767年进入殖民地议会。
1775年参加第H次大陆会议。
次年，参加《独立宣言》五人起草委员会，成为宣言的主要起草人。
1776年重返弗吉尼亚议会，制定宗教信仰自由法案。
1779一1781年任弗吉尼亚州长。
1784年出任驻法公使。
1789年任国务卿。
1800年当选总统。
托马斯·杰斐逊是美国独立革命运动的一位积极领导者和组织者，著名的美国《独立宣言》的起草人。
他前后从事政治活动近六十年之久，在美国人民的心目中是一位伟大的英雄。
杰斐逊是资产阶级民主主义思想家，主张人权平等、言论、宗教和人身自由。
他起草的《废止限嗣继承法规》，沉重打击了从英国带到美洲的封建主义残余。
他起草了《弗吉尼亚宗教自由法规》，并使这一法规在州议会获得通过，实现了政教分离。
杰斐逊任总统期间，美国从法国人手中“购买”了路易斯安那地区，使美国领土扩大近一倍。
他还派遣远征队西行，使美国的西部边界伸向太平洋海岸。
他执政期间进行过一些民主改革，领导了反对亲英保守势力、争取保持资产阶级民主的斗争，起了积极和进步作用，为美国资本主义的迅速发展准备了条件。
杰斐逊好学多才，兴趣广泛。
他是土地测量师、建筑师、古生物学家、哲学家、音韵学家和作家。
他懂得拉丁语、希腊语、法语、西班牙语和意大利语。
他还对数学、农艺学和建筑学，甚至提琴等感兴趣。
人们称他是天资最高、最多才多艺的美国总统。
杰斐逊一生著述很多，涉及问题很广，后人为纪念他而出版了他的文集，共20卷，杰斐逊作为美国资产阶级民主派杰出代表，与华盛顿和林肯齐名。
1803年，他决定购买路易斯安那，使美国国土几乎扩大了一倍。
1804年连任。
离职后，他开始了退隐生活。
此间，他创建了弗吉尼亚大学，担任了该校第一任校长。
在《独立宣言》50周年纪念日的前几天，杰斐逊已病得很重，处于昏迷状态。
一次他清醒后问医生“是不是那一天？”他指是7月4日。
就在这一天，他与世长辞，与亚当斯同时西去。
Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely教孩子合理花钱School-going children need pocket money for food, stationery and bus fares.上学的孩子需要零花钱买食物、文具和付车费。
Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways.家长给钱的方式并不相同。
Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis. 【１】一些家长在月初或者一周刚开始时就将零花钱一次性给孩子，另一些家长更愿意按天给孩子零花钱。
on a ….. basiswe must make our plans on a long-term basis.on the basis ofDon’t judge the person on the basis of appearance.The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved.给钱方式的不同会影响到钱如何被花掉或存起来。
On the other hand, the children’s spending habits may affect how pocket money is given.另一方面，孩子的花钱习惯也会影响到家长给钱的方式。
第二段Pocket money given on a daily basis is sometimes termed as “food money”.按天给的零花钱常被叫作“膳食费”。
Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess and also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon.孩子们在课件休息时用钱来买食物，如果他们下午要参加学校里的活动也用零花钱来买午餐。
They learn how to manage small sums of money.他们在学习如何支配一小笔钱。
As the money is limited, they have to control their spending.因为数目有限，他们必须节约用钱。
Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted with larger sums of money. 【２】家长们采用这种给零花钱的方式是为了防止孩子花钱过多，希望有一天可以将更大数目的钱托付给他们。
Trust sb with sthLet’s trust him with our typewriterParents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.【３】那些按天领工资的父母因财务状况所限可能也愿意按这种方式给钱。
Nowadays many students opt for working in the west when they graduate.第三段Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budget ing on the parents, instead of the child. 【４】按天给钱使得合理预算的责任落在父母而不是孩子身上。
This matter is Outside my area of my responsibilitiesBudget v nCompany has budgeted 1 million for advertising量入为出是很重要的It is essential to balance one’s budget.Cheap flights are available from the budget travel agent.The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by over indulging in junk food, as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. 【５】孩子知道第二天还能得到一笔零用钱，因而会花光一分钱，暴食垃圾食品。
Indulge(ment)v adjThis results in children being short-sighted in their spending. 【６】这些会导致孩子在花钱方面的短视。
result fromshort-sightefar-we can’t watch the sky from inside the well and be shorted-sighted.The white house has welcomed the Chinese government’s decision anddescribes it as far-sighted and significant step.The thought of saving money never crossed their minds.他们压根不会想到存钱。
They may develop the mentality that money is meant to be spent.Others spend more than they are given. 【７】他们可能就会形成这种心态，钱是用来花的。
Mentality mentalMean be meant to beThey borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. 【８】当他们想放任一下自己是时，他们还会向兄弟姐妹或同班同学借钱。
Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. 【９】然后他们会要钱还债。
This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve theirproblems.借钱的习惯使得他们总是依赖别人解决自己的问题。
In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated.【１０】在这种情况下，限制用钱的目的完全泡汤。
CasesSituation第四段Children need to learn how to budget their money.孩子需要学会如何合理用钱。
Some paren ts go by the “learning by doing” principle and give their children lump sums at the beginning of the month, and by the third week of the month their account is already dry.有些家长遵循在“实践中学习”的原则，在月初将钱一次性给孩子，到该月第三周时，他们的钱已经花光。