史上最全的何凯文老师阅读分析方法笔记(2018考研必用)
2018-考研英语阅读理解考高分的秘诀-实用word文档 (4页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==考研英语阅读理解考高分的秘诀俗话说的好，考英语者得考研，考研英语阅读理解就占到40分，作文再拿点分，结果不言而喻了。
小编为大家精心准备了考研英语阅读拿高分的方法，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语阅读拿高分的技巧一.单词过关了吗?很多学生说阅读看不懂，或者读文章很慢，浪费很多时间，说白了就是单词量不够。
考研大纲要求的单词必须要背过，反复去记忆，这个工作要贯彻考研的始终，决不能放松。
阅读中一两个关键单词不会可能就影响你对文章的理解，如果选项中有不会的单词就更加麻烦了。
试想一想，做阅读理解，全篇都是不认识的单词，文章又如何去更好地理解呢?实际上，很多阅读理解的正确选项就是原文个别单词的同义词替换。
所以现在好好拿出你的单词书，每天抽出一两个小时，老老实实的背单词。
小编当初有20天的时间集中背单词，背的时候是拿出一张纸，一边默背一边写，尽可能多的背，在学习理论里有一个“过度学习”概念，就是告诉大家要超出自己接受范围的去尽可能多的学习，这样会达到最好的效果，背完后第二天早上再把昨天背的默写一遍，如此反复。
刚开始是很痛苦的，但是当你一次次的记忆，你会发现你本子上的叉越来越少，成就感会越来越大，到后来就非常轻松了。
当你单词背到差不多的时候，再去做阅读，你会发现马上会有不一样的感觉了。
二.长难句会划分吗?考研阅读理解没个段落都会有一两个长难句。
所谓长难句，就是单词量大，结构复杂的句子。
当文章出现长难句的时候，你要注意了，答案往往就是对这个长难句的理解。
读长难句不要慌张，要心平气和，要学会切分句子，说白了，就是找主谓宾，快速抓住主谓宾，其他的也就是对主谓宾的说明和限定，有很多很长的成份其实可能就是一个定语从句而已。
长难句怎么联系?你需要先花一点时间，对英语语法有一个基本了解，比如8大状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句，倒转……这些常用语法有个基本概念，然后拿出四五套英语真题，把里面的每个长难句句式搞清楚，每一个句子认认真真的划分句子成分，要知道，长难句的句式也就那么几种，你练习几套自己就可以总结出来了。
何凯文考研英语阅读理解解题思路
把握命题命脉，直击选项本质何凯文“考研场上我们经常会遇到这样的情况，通过回文章定位，根据对原文的理解我们能很快的排除两个选项，而剩下的两个选项会把我们折磨的死去活来。
也就正是这种选项间微小区分度构成了考研英语的特色。
每每在甄别选项的时候，我们总会觉得这两个选项都对，并且会觉得自己的答案比给出的正确答案更为合理。
而考研英语作为全国人才选拔性的考试，并且会向社会公布标准答案的考试，在答案的设置上一定是合理且正确的，并且这种答案的设置是有一定逻辑线索的。
否则，这种人才的遴选是没有意义的。
而这种线索就是我们在标题中提到的命题命脉，这种命脉就会体现在选项之上。
本文正是要带领考研战士们去探求这种命题命脉在选项上的体现。
首先来看几道例题：2009年考研阅读第四篇文章第一题The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.1. The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England ____.［A］Puritan tradition dominated political life.［B］intellectual interests were encouraged.［C］Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.［D］intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.根据题干中的seventeenth century 和New England 我们不难定位到文章的第一段，选项A 中的Puritan tradition（清教传统）在倒数第一句中出现，但是倒数第一句是这样说道：“大量的文章和书籍都记载道，新英格兰的领袖们确立了美国知识生活中的基本话题，其最关注的就是一直在知识生活中占据主导地位，并不断演进的清教传统。
何凯文考研英语十五大背诵句
大作文12到16分三段论第一段30——60描述图画;第一句：万能开头句6,7；第二句：图画描述句；第三句：总结句2;Ps：可以用代词、such、one、the one mentioned above代替主题词图画描述句：As is shown above,Step1：对中心对象位置的描述 in the middle of ; in the sunshine ; in the darkness Step2：对中心对象动作和状态Step3：对中心对象周围事物见另外一份讲义第二段100——120阐述含义;段落展开1、科学论据法2、举例法Numerous cases exist to illustrate this point.3、虚拟语气第一句：提出观点;第二句：强调观点背诵5,7;第三句：表明公众的主题;第四局：强调态度;第五局：上论据句群;第六句：结尾句第二句背诵5,7 适当修改第五局：China Daily interviewed four people from four professions——a surgeon, a civil servant, a lawyer and a steelworker. The survey discovers that all of them are of the idea that 主题很重要;According to a survey conducted by China Academy of SocialScienceCAS/CASS,主题很重要;第三段30——60评论或举例;1、正面话题第一句：取其精华,去其糟粕;第二句：如何面对第三局：展望未来Uttermost.2、负面话题第一句：背诵3第二句：句群1、背诵句4；2、专家学者想办法；3、大众提升意识第三局：展位未来1、正面话题的展位未来句子；2、1、Just as an old Chinese proverb says, aspire to inspire until I expire2、Simple as the picture is,the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.3、withthe situation being so serious,it is high time that we took effective measures to tackle this problem .4、It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to harness and curb this urgent problem.5、In no country other than China,it has been said,is this phenomenon more obviousthe problem of environment more serious.6、There has been a heated discussion about athis第二句 picture in the newspaper.万能开头句7、The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economyeducationowing to the reform and opening-up policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time,with the followingabove one being the foremost.第一段开头,第二段开头；8、The picture,at the first glimpse,seems to be simple,but only a penetrating sight can pierce through its superficial meaning.9、According to one of the latest survey conducted by a certain international organization,...money spent on pets in the city of Beijing is as much as ...,which can feed all the Japanese in the world for a whole year.10、Our human histoy/society/the past decade has been filled with a variety ofexamples of ...,with the following one具体语境要更改如abovebeing the foremost.11、I can think of no better examples other than...12、好的主题Were there no sth,never would we do sth.13、不好的主题Wwere the situation to continue as it is,we would pay the high price./were the tendency to continue as it is,our future generation would not bother to think of excuse for us.14、个人评价段——好的情况Ti is imperitive that the essence be absorbed and the drawbacks be neglected,during this process,especially in the times of knowledge explosion,when the news,facts,opinions even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world.坏的情况：背诵句式一,二15、With a proper law and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of past.16、Only in a reasonable ,prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost.17、 Those who +v主题相关动词 are more likely to +v 11个方向的动词,compared with those who do not.+China daily interviewed four people from four professions ——a surgeon ,a white collar worker,a carpenter and a survery discovers that all of them are of the idea that+主题重要或有害图表作文：第一段：第一句：万能开头句;......chart given by a certain company.given by a certain organization.第二句：图表描述句;1、静态图2、动态图第三句：总结第二段第一句：展开原因的套话;第二句：句群第三段：After considering all the information presented above, I ,as most of others will do, safely draw the conclusion that the trend would continue as it is. After all, it is an irreversible tendency.负面话题：带来危害的套话;展望正面话题如同图画作文;应用文8分简单的表达出来就行1、题干信息全部覆盖;2、三段3、格式类别：1、投诉信和建议信2、道歉信和辞职信找万能理由3、求职信和推荐信4、告示实在不行祝贺新年除了投诉信和建议信。
何凯文基础写作课知识点整理
何凯文考研英语写作基础课程知识点整理主讲：何凯文整理：心理守夜人一、作文构成：（一）应用文10分，分为书信和告示两大类，考生平均分6分，我们的目标是8分。
（二）议论文20分，分为图画作文（一般是英语1）和图表作文（一般是英语2），考生平均分8分，我们的目标是14+分。
议论文的分值包括奖励分（3分）基准分（17分）。
奖励分要求：正确、正规、可读；基准分要求：内容、形式、语言（最重要）。
二、奖励分书写要求（一）书写工整（很重要）（二）标点规范1.句号为一点2.逗号不能连接两个句子3.不能写书名号，可用the book of+书名（首字母大写）代替4.引号””5.括号( )6.破折号—7.如&等标记不建议使用（三）修改正确1.如需修改可使用/划掉错误的词，在正上方写上正确的词即可。
2.如需添加，可用两单词空格下方加”^”，并在上方加相加的词即可。
三、基准分（一）内容1.有话说：万能角度（见2017写作高分攻略P55），万能例子。
2.别跑题：内容趋同，先字后图（二）形式：分三段（三）语言1.句式：正确、复杂、多变2.用词：正确、多样3.如何做到句式正确？(1).句子主干正确(2).五大基本句型：动词的用法(3).写作时态：现在时为主，偶尔用将来时，不主张过去时。
4.如何做到句式复杂(1).加adj或adv：n+adj；v+adv(2).加同位语：n或者句子(3).加介词短语做状语：时间状语，地点状语(4).加定语从句(5).将两个句子写成一个句子Note：万能状语(1).The spirit of creation is indispensably(=very) important in the times of knowledge explosion,when the news,facts,opinions and even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world.(2).The environmental preservation really matters,especially in China,a nation with the huge population undergoing the remarkable rapid economic growth.5.如何做到句式多变(1).虚拟语气=观点的表达方式而不是事实句式一：It is high time that+主语+动词过去式+其他It is high time that we took effective initiatives to put the situation on hold. 句式二：It is imperative that +主语+(should)+动词+其他.意为必须做...It is imperative that our media undertake more research before they set pen to paper.It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.句式三：虚拟条件句If there were no sth,sb would not do sth.If there were no reform and opening-up policy,we would not taste KFC orMcDonald’s.（如果能完整无误地拼写专有词汇比如人名、书名、商标名等，会给阅卷老师留下好印象。
何凯文阅读基础笔记word版本
何凯文阅读一、 原文（一）单词（语境）（二）句子（标准流程）（语感）30句中25句不做语法分析5句答案来源句---------线索句At the end of the day 说到底1找主干 2切分 3独立成句 4调序（三）段落句子（信息）天生就是不平等的！区分信息的重要性（四）全文结构（论点+论据）二、题干（路标） 回原文找线索句三、 选项 正确选项 错误选项 最佳选项（90%=正确选项）解题流程一、 根据题干特征（1） 带有段落号的（2） 不带段落号的（3） 主题题二、出题的顺序基本等于行文顺序 三、 确定题目所对应的段落KK 三步：定位 替换 排除1. 定位（一）细节题（60%）+总分：40 达标：32题型识别：（一）主题题题干中包含有：bestttile,main idea,topic,mainly,about summarize 等特征词可判定1.主题题2.推理题3.例证题4.词汇题5.态度题为主题题（二）推理题题干中包含有infer,imply,learn,suggest等特征的词的时候，可判定为推理题（三）例证题题干中包含有example,case,....is mantioned to....,demonstrate,show, brought up,等特征词，可判定为例证题（四）词汇题题干中包含“词，词组，句子”，means,refers to,denotes,等特征词，可判定为词汇题（五）态度题题干中包含attitude或选项是四个表态度的表达时，可判定为态度题（六）细节题其他的题目就是细节题细节题的定位：根据题干中的定位词，返回原文找到包含定位词或其同义替换的句子=线索句定位词：一切可以缩小搜索范围的词都可叫做定位词。
Note：有可能会出现多个线索句。
Special notes:几种必须关注的定位词：（1）观点词Think,thought,believe,belief,maintain,suppose,suspect,suspicion,insist,doubt,assert,a ssertion,Contend,contention,argue,argument,agree,attempt,moan,complain,say,hold,assume, claim,Declare,hyper,thesis,idea,opinion,warn,advocate问观点就只能找观点！1.观点主体的匹配2.区分观点和事实opinion/fact（1）带有观点词的句子就一定是观点（2）带有主观价值判断词的句子就一定是观点（主系表）（3）带有情态动词或虚拟语气的句子就一定是观点如何寻找作者观点：（1）I+观点词+观点（2）Few+观点词+观点（3）人名/书名/组织+观点词+观点（相同，相反，中性）（4）文中无人认领的观点=作者的观点65%P309 p41 p201如果问事实既可以找事实也可以找观点（p312）（2）因果词1）明显的词汇2）表原因：because，because of,since,for,as,due to,owing to,in that 表结果：so,so that,therefore,thus,hence,as a result,consequently,accordingly,implication,consequence,effect3）隐含的词汇第一类（导致）Cause,lead to,result in,give riseto,render,produce,make,let,ask,support,spur,spark,Stimulate,fuel,push,motivate,prompt,be responsible for,inspire第二类（源自）Derive,come,result,priginate,initiate,stem,spring,emanate from,beattributable to,be responsive to,grow out of第三类（反应，体现）Relect,present,demonstrate,show,suggest,illustrate第四类（考虑到，依靠）Given,on account of,in view of,thanks to,in light of,in terms of,relyon,depend on,resort to,count on第五类（条件词）分词短语、不定式、独立主格作状语、定语从句、介词短语表示结果或者原因P185(27)Notes:1.问原因找原因，问结果，找结果2.区分主要/次要原因（题干要求）p322(51) p309(51) p131(40)3.Which在题干中出现：只能用选项定位，通常最后解决此类题p33(50) p28(45) Notes:1.有时可按行文顺序寻找答案2.有时主题常成为正确答案P312(63) p58(35)Special note:关注题干中的限定词（adv adj）sometimes p200(21)二、替换（同义替换）[表达方式不同，意思为最接近]（一）同近义词的替换（1575）Probe=exploitation enough=adequate precision=accuracyP320 1575词汇（二）上下义词替换（种属词）Senate参议院+the house众议院=the congressThe administration=federal=obama[parliament]（三）正话反说的替换原文：忽略A会导致不好的结果选项：我们应该重视A原文：做某事的成功的可能性不大选项：人们做某事的可能性不大原文：A和B=C选项：当A减少时B会增加原文：政府不应该干涉民众的权利选项：民众有自己的自由原文：现在人们可以和明星经常近距离接触选项：从前人们和明星接触的机会不多Notes:有时答案也可以是原文重现P52（27）p69(22) p258(39)同时，线索句较长时，可以用字母代替较长的名词结构p258(39) p312(65)Special notes:关于上下义词的同义替换在出现否定或比较的时候，上义词代替下义词需要加上泛指词（a,some,certain）精确定位模糊替换p52（26）排除：错误的类型一、偷换1.主干的偷换：识别：线索句主干识别-----选项切分p312(64)Special notes:（1）主被动的偷换（2）因果的偷换p312(65d)（3）否定对象的偷换p311(61d) p52(26a)（4）比较的偷换比较三要素：对象内容结果p309(51b) p312(66ac)题目的残留信息主干：句子主干------独立成句的句子的主干二、not given1.一般性的NG P309（54D）2.可能性当作确定性p312(63c) p33(49ab)“主题为王” p33(50)背单词切句子态度题的解题方法：（态度题的本质就是细节题）一、定位：态度的主体态度的对象返回原文优先找到包含态度主体做主语的句子二、替换将四个选项分别与线索句中的表示态度的词进行比对p328(58)常见的态度词：indifferent ,detached,indignant,contempt,bias,supportive,optimistic, Pessimistic,sketptical,consent,resent,concerned,reserved,opposition,suspicion,ap proval,Subjective,objective,biased,impartial,sensitive观点因果态度泛指词p226(30) p181(25) p38(52)三、排除全文态度词：主体是作者对象全文主题支持反对中性objective amazing impartialP292(54) p296(70) p300(62) p303(54) p318(66) p322(55) p299(61a)。
【2018-2019】何凯文资料word版本 (27页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==何凯文资料篇一：何凯文老师空间讲座讲义大全201X年12月大学英语四六级备考讲座主讲人：北京外国语大学何凯文一．Listening Comprehension：Part 1 .Short Conversation几种思维1．主题思维：上文提到一件事情（用一般疑问句进行提问），这就是对话主题。
下文会给出肯定或者是否定的回答。
掌握肯定和否定的表达方法。
2．否定思维：评价性否定；事实性否定；邀请性否定3．听到什么不选什么的思维：安全感的获得真题示例：Eg1.A) Taking photographs . B) Enhancing images.C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.听力原文：W: Do you let people know when you're taking pictures of them?M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camerawould look dull and unnatural.Q: What are the speakers talking about?Eg2 .A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.C) Cash a check at a bank.D) Find a parking meter.听力原文：M: Excuse me, do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay theparking meter.W: I'm sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in theshopping center across the street.Q: What is the man trying to do?Eg3 .A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.听力原文：M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?W: I'd suggest this toy train, sir. It's an excellent brand, very popular all overthe world these days.Q: What is the man doing?Eg4. A) Looking for a timetable B) Buying the furnitureC) Reserving a table D) Window shopping听力原文：M: Have a table for four?W: Certainly, sir. A corner table or would you rather be near the window? Q: What is the man doing?Eg5. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B) He can provide little useful information.C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.听力原文： W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well. I'm told you lived there.M: Oh, but I was really young at the time.Q: What does the man mean?Eg6. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.C) He can’t face up to the situation.D) He knows his own limitations.听力原文： W: Aren't you disappointed that you didn't get the promotion?Eg7.听力原文：Eg8.听力原文：Eg9.Eg10.听力原文：Eg 11.听力原文：M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I'm ready for that kind of responsibility. Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?A) She bought a new set of furniture fromItaly last month.B) She sold all her furniture before she moved house.C) She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement. D) Shestill keeps some old furniture in her new house.M: Did you reallygive away all your furniture when you moved into the new house last month? W: Just the useless pieces, as I’m planning to purchase a new set from Italy for the sitting room only. Q: What does the woman mean?A) He has got a heart attack.B) He was badly hurt. C) He was unharmed. D) He has fully recovered from the shock. W: Were you hurtin the accident? M: I was shocked at the time, but wasn't hurt at all. My bike was totally damaged though. Q: What do we know about the man?A) John Smith isn't in right now. B) John Smith can't come to thephone right now. C) John Smith doesn't want to speak to the caller.D) The caller dialed the wrong number. A) She wants to take the most direct way. B) She may be late for the football game. C) She is worried about missing her flight. D) She is currently caught in a traffic jam. W: Airport, please. I’m running a little late. So jus t take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct. M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game. Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation? A) He is an experienced sales manager. B) He is being interviewed for a job. C) He is not in a vacant position. D) He is good at answering tricky questions. W: now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most? M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant. Q: What do we learn about the man?Part 2. Long Conversation一、抓住首尾句【预览选项】[A] To go sightseeing.[B] To have meetings.[C] To promote a new champagne. [D] To join in a training program.【边听边选】M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’s your t rip to the states?W: Very busy, [19]I had a lot of meetings. …19. Why did the woman go to New York?二、留意对话中的一问一答【预览选项】[A] Data collection.[B] Training consultancy.[C] Corporate management. [D] Information processing.【边听边选】W: What’s your line of busi ness, Mr. Johnson?M: We are a training consultancy.。
考研英语-何凯文写作笔记
考研英语-何凯文写作笔记1. Just as an old Chinese proverb says ：Aspire to inspire untilI expire! 正如中国一句古老的谚语：生命不息，奋斗不止！2. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.尽管图画很简单，但寓意很深刻苦。
3. The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to tackle this problem. 问题如此严重了，是时候采取有效的措施去解决这个问题了。
4. It is imperative that laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.我们必须制定（work out）并执行一些法律法规（laws and regulations）来解决这些问题。
5. In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious. 在中国环境问题是最严重的。
6. There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。
7. The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owning to the reform and opening-up policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the following one being the foremost.在过去的十年间，由于改革开放政策的执行，我国经济有了巨大的发展，同时也带来了很多问题，其中最重要的是…成功的品质、环保类、爱心和社会道德、文化交流、科技与传播、偶像崇拜、健康话题、学校话题作文三段要求：第一段：描述图画（describe）①万能开头句：There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper. 报纸上有一张图画引起了人们广泛的关注。
何凯文作文听课笔记整理
第一段：第一句：people are drawn by the truth disclosed by this picture.人们悲这幅图画所揭示的事实所吸引。
第二句：simple as the picture is,the author intends to convey much more complicated and profound meaning than what we may sense at the first glance.虽然图画很简单，但是作者却在传递着比我们第一眼看到的要复杂的很多，深刻很多的意义。
个人品质第二段：个人品质第一句：the picture tells us that nothing can be compared with creation or innovation when it comes to the cultivation of individual characteristics/for the personal growth.第二句：to be sure,without the courage to engage in unknown journey and to embrace unexpected detours or setbacks,we would have no any advance to speak of.第三句：people in all walks of life take substantial note of this character.各界人士都十分重视这种品质。
第四局：the key to equation of individual success lies in one's possession of this quality.this is a well-accepted fact that is affirmed by one's focusing on the target and unwavering perseverance.一个人成功的秘诀就在于拥有这一品质，这是一个不争的事实，而且一个人能专注于目标并不懈的努力那就更是如此。
考研阅读AB句的讲解何凯文
A句：文中答案来源句；B句：题干+正确选项看着A句背B句；出题人的说话风格；改写习惯；尺度的把握，题感的培养；第一组：A句：The most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlargedmarkets.B句：One of the driving forces behind M&A wave is the greater customer demands Maximize the incomeA)increase the incomeB)Increase the purchasing power of the incomeMerger and AcquisitionAcquiredIntuitiveCognitiveNatureNurtureMadeBorn先天和后天的差别男人和女人的不同B句：One of the driving forces behind M&A wave is the greater customer demands第二组：A句: The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.B句：To combine and become bigger is the typical trend of businesses today.第三组：A句：It is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the ., whenthe Standard Oil Trust was broken up.竞争都是好的；垄断是不好的；It is not hard to imagine +结论B句：The Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition.第四组：A句：A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career.High profileLow profile人：高调/低调物/事情：引人瞩目与否B句：The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.第五组：A句：I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.B句：The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting helps her mold a new philosophy of lifeReshape =remold= transform= remaking=mold a new = remodel第六组：A 句：It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.B 句：Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to remodel the way of thinking.第七组：A 句：The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.B 句：In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their interest.第八组：A 句：But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.B 句：Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will help students learn other computer languagesCoding language = computer languageEncode/ decode =processWasteful =unacceptable第九组：A 句：The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax=make the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.B 句：According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to become better prepared for the digitalized world第十组：A 句：The crash was a major reason the . Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.B 句：The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is its drastically decreased population第十一组：A 句: Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.B 句：It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they agree to pay a sum for compensation第十二组：A 句：Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.B 句：According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is the states.第十三组：A 句：“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.B 句：Jay Lininger would most likely support environmental groups第十四组：A 句: Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problemB 句：The usual time management techniques don’t work because what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed第十五组：A句：“we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) asthey pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.”B句：The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to make passing time fulfilling第十六组：A句：but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow”into “soul time.”B句：Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps achieve immersive reading第十七组：A句：“Carry a book with you at all times”can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which youtemporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.B句：“Carry a book with you at all times” can work if reading becomes your primary business of the day第十八组：A句：Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.B句：One cross-generation mark of a successful life is having a family with children.第十九组：A句：to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having childrenB句：. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to attach importance to pre-marital finance（此题四个选项排除法）第二十组：A句：those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.B句：The priorities and expectations defined by the young will reach almost all aspects of American life第二十一组：A句：Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.B句: Both young and old agree that getting established is harder for the youngNor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”A句：Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.有准备的大脑The greatness of the health care system1.伟大的医疗系统2.医疗系统的伟大抽象名词的形容词化！B句：Inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments.the preparedness of the minds = Inquiring mindsA句：Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or toknowingly=intentionally endanger an embryo’s life, NBAC will remain silent onembryo research.Ember 火种extinguish the precious ember of ...B句：NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because the issue is explicitly =明确stated and settled in the lawImplicitly =暗示He has expressed his dissatisfaction, explicitly or implicitly , on the leadership of his boss.A句：NBAC members were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.B句：Some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completelySome NBAC members prefer to ban human cloning completelyHesitate to do sth= don’t want to do sth = are not willing to do sthA句：The NAS’s report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.B句：According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is inadequate treatment of pain.Udner treatment =inadequate treatmentEnough = adequateA句：Medical licensing boards must make it clear that painful deaths should result in license suspension.B句：Doctors should be punished if they prolong the needless suffering of the patients.A 句：All would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.B 句：reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate. (错）正确：reasoning has not played a decisive role in the debate.1 2If reason were...Reason: 理性reasonableCause：原因；事业Misguided cause 误导人的事业All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.A句：Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions(区别）. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.Inform：传递信息；Well-informed ; ill-informed；excessively fine = very goodIf its =广告message were confined merely（仅限于）to information -- and that in itself would be difficult （if not impossible to achieve）, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive -- advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.It is difficult , if not impossibly(=very) impossible, to find the solution to this problem. We have to wait ten, if not hundred, years to see this ideal scene.Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to information, advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.B句：The author deems =believe that the well-known TV personality is obviously partial in his views on advertisingImpartialA句：“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.B句：Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897.A 句：Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.B句：The words of queen show the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates .[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time。
考研英语阅读何凯文
考研英语阅读何凯文考研英语阅读是众多考生在备考过程中的一大难题。
何凯文老师作为考研英语辅导领域的资深专家，他的教学方法和阅读技巧为广大考生提供了有效的指导。
何老师强调，要想在考研英语阅读中取得高分，关键在于掌握正确的阅读策略和技巧。
首先，何老师建议考生在阅读文章时，要快速浏览全文，抓住文章的主旨大意。
这一步骤对于理解文章的整体结构和把握文章的中心思想至关重要。
在快速阅读的过程中，考生应学会跳读和略读，忽略那些不影响理解文章主旨的细节信息。
其次，何老师指出，考生在阅读过程中要注重培养自己的逻辑推理能力。
考研英语阅读中的文章往往涉及复杂的逻辑关系，考生需要通过文章中的线索，推断作者的意图和文章的深层含义。
这就需要考生在平时的练习中，多做一些逻辑推理的训练，提高自己的分析和判断能力。
再者，何老师强调，词汇量的积累对于考研英语阅读同样重要。
考生在备考过程中，不仅要掌握大纲要求的词汇，还应通过阅读大量的英文材料，不断扩充自己的词汇量。
何老师建议考生可以利用词根词缀记忆法，通过理解单词的构成来加深记忆。
此外，何老师还提到，考生在练习考研英语阅读时，应该注重培养自己的时间管理能力。
在实际考试中，考生需要在有限的时间内完成多篇阅读文章，这就要求考生在平时的练习中，学会合理分配时间，提高阅读效率。
最后，何老师建议考生在备考过程中，多做一些模拟题和历年真题，通过不断的练习来提高自己的阅读水平。
同时，考生还应该学会从错误中总结经验，分析自己在阅读过程中的不足之处，并针对性地进行改进。
综上所述，考研英语阅读的提高需要考生在理解文章主旨、逻辑推理、词汇积累、时间管理等多方面下功夫。
通过何凯文老师的指导，相信考生们能够在考研英语阅读中取得更好的成绩。
何凯文考研英语阅读技巧
何凯文考研英语阅读技巧Certainly! Here's an article on He Kaifeng's test-taking strategies for postgraduate English reading:Mastering the Art of Postgraduate English Reading with He Kaifeng's TechniquesPostgraduate English reading is a critical component of the entrance examination for prospective graduate students in China. He Kaifeng, a renowned English educator and author of the "He Kaifeng Postgraduate English Reading" series, has developed a set of strategies that have helped countless students excel in this area. Here are some of his key techniques:1. Understanding the Structure of Reading Comprehension Passages- He Kaifeng emphasizes the importance of recognizing the structure of a text, which often follows a logical order. By identifying the main idea, supporting details, and the conclusion, students can better comprehend the passage as a whole.2. Skimming and Scanning- Before diving into the details, He Kaifeng advises students to skim the passage to get a general idea of thecontent. Scanning, on the other hand, is used to locate specific information within the text quickly.3. Identifying Keywords and Phrases- Keywords are the building blocks of a passage. He Kaifeng suggests that students should be adept at identifying these, as they often signal the main points or the author's intent.4. Dealing with Vocabulary in Context- Encountering unfamiliar words is common in reading comprehension. He Kaifeng's approach is to use context clues to infer the meaning of these words, which can often be deduced from the surrounding text.5. Mastering Inference Questions- Many questions in postgraduate English reading require inference. He Kaifeng recommends students to look for clues in the text that suggest the author's opinion or the implications of the information presented.6. Practicing with真题 (Real Exam Questions)- He Kaifeng insists on the value of practicing with past exam papers, known as 真题 in Chinese. These real exam questions provide insight into the types of questions asked and the level of difficulty expected.7. Developing a Time Management Strategy- Time is a critical factor in exams. He Kaifeng advises students to allocate their time wisely, ensuring they have enough time to read through the passage and answer all questions.8. Reviewing and Learning from Mistakes- After completing practice exams, He Kaifeng encourages students to review their mistakes and understand why they were made. This self-assessment is crucial for improvement.9. Broadening Reading Materials- To enhance reading skills, He Kaifeng suggests that students read a wide range of materials, including newspapers, magazines, and academic journals, to familiarize themselves with different writing styles and subject matters.10. Maintaining a Regular Practice Schedule- Consistency is key to improvement. He Kaifeng recommends a regular study schedule that includes daily practice sessions to keep reading skills sharp.By incorporating these strategies into their study routine, students can significantly improve their performance in postgraduate English reading sections. He Kaifeng'smethods are not just about passing an exam; they are aboutdeveloping a lifelong skill for understanding and analyzing written English.。
2018考研英语：93分英语达人的笔记
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！2018考研英语：93分英语达人的笔记一、考研阅读的基本解题思路：（四步走）第一，扫描提干，划关键项。
第二，通读全文，抓住中心。
1、通读全文，抓两个重点：①首段（中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题）；②其他各段的段首和段尾句。
（其他部分略读，有重点的读）2、抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：①文章叙述的主要内容是什么？②文章中有无提到核心概念？③作者的大致态度是什么？第三，仔细审题，返回原文。
（仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩）定位原则：①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。
（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！②自然段定位原则。
出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。
要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
第四，重叠选项，得出答案。
（重叠原文=对照原文）1、通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。
2、作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由二、阅读理解的解题技巧1、例证题：①例证题的标记。
当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。
②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。
③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。
例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。
举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题？不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。
④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。
（╳）要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。
何凯文考研英语长难句精讲完备讲义(完美打印版)
考研英语长难句突破讲义适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。
课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。
为英语写作夯实基础。
课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练第一部分方法论讲解引子我们为什么要精读句子1.精读能力的要求（消除障碍的阅读）自由笔记区目标：准确【重要】精读2．泛读能力的要求（广泛获取信息的阅读）目标：快速技能：高职阅读的实际过程是什么知识：本科Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文）思维：研究生思想：博士阅读在句子层面的障碍1．含义2．语序简单句的障碍来源简单句：只有一套谓语的句子基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表定语，状语，同位语，插入语简单句的障碍识别及处理方法定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式）前置定语：adj+名词后置定语：形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your futureVing a woman walked on the roadVed a painting painted by Janen. + to do a way to solve the problem介词短语：介词+名词a bottle of water on the table表语形容词：alive a cat alive 解决方案：前置P．S：I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。
【不定代词定语置后】定语从句（不属于简单句范畴）关系代词：人称代词：who whom which that as +非完整句引导词物主代词：whose +完整句关系连（副）词：where why when how +完整句介词+关系代词：1宾语+非完整句 This is the expert/( to whom )we are turning.2状语+完整句 There is something([ by the virtue of] which)(指代something) the man is the man . 3定语+完整句 There are a lot of problems (of which )the fetching fresh water is the forest. 【 1拆分 2找指代 3定成分】同位语:在句子中和名词处于相同位置的成分。
2018考研英语：阅读技巧
2018考研英语：阅读技巧考研阅读的题量比较大，考场之上也是分秒必争，因此各位考生在日常复习中，除了踏实的积累和联系外，有意识的掌握一些技巧也是必要的。
考研英语阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合文章后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
我们会发现考研的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
►确定文章主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
►常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。
也许，在做考研阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持或反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
考研英语-何凯文词汇笔记
考研英语-何凯文词汇笔记1、It is an impossibly（在此处=very）unpopular behavior.2、unseemly behavior 不雅的行为unseemly=unethical不雅的decent ：优雅的，体面的3、courtesy 有礼貌的，优雅的As a courtesy to the next passenger, may we suggest that you use your towel to wipe off water basin! Thank you!4、fashion policy/lows 推广政策/法律5、exceptional 例外的优秀的exceptional child 智障孩子评价能力的单词exceptional brilliant great well accepted mediocre 逐级递减6、compare（比较相同点）名词：comparison contrast（比较不同点）名词contrast7、intelligence （先天的）智力智商情报（CIA：Central Intelligence Agency）intellectual adj.（后天学习获得）有智力的n.知识分子intellect n.（后天获得的）知识，知识分子后缀-sim 主义/理论intellectualism 知识主义anti-intellectualism 反智主义要成功，先发疯，头脑简单往前冲。
8、push v. 推n. 进取，向上戴尔公司老总在哈佛演讲，成功品质passion热情work工作focus专注push积极向上ideas理念improve 提升persist坚持9、weather 克服weather financial crisis 克服金融危机10、overlook 忽视overrate=overestimate 高估11、in the times of knowledge explosion 知识爆炸时代The habits of consumers have been recorded by the browsers(浏览器) without their knowledge(了解).在不知情的情况下12、profile high profile=much publicized 高调的（形容人），引人注目的（形容事情）low profile 低调13、approach=method=way n. 方法approach study 方法论研究approach v. 接近14、discipline n. 纪律;教训;学科v. 惩罚15、game 游戏;猎物easy game 容易被捕杀到的猎物16、spell 拼写; 导致A has spelt B 咒语; 一段时间Despite a spell of initial(最初的) optimism(乐观主义) in the 1970s, ……尽管在20世纪70年代有过一段乐观时间,……17、edge 边缘,优势To gain competitive edge in the times of knowledge explosion, we should have a good command of……要想在知识爆炸的时代获得竞争的优势,我们必须掌握……18、school 学校,学派,流派Chicago school of economy 芝加哥学派经济学,法学19、cause 导致,事业great cause 伟大的事业misguided cause 误导人的事业20、content 内容delivery 表达方式21、contend 竞争contend=believe=argue 主张22、suspect怀疑其有doubt怀疑其无23、odd 古怪=strange 临时odd staff=low level staff 临时工机率The odd has jumped eight folds. 机率翻了八番.24、code 密码规则moral code 道德准则,行为规范25、blame ①责备A blames B daily use 日常使用academic use 学术使用②A is to blame for B A造成B PM2.5 is to blame for pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis. (矽肺病,硅肺病) That is not to say that mobile phone alone is to blame for the sorry state of affairs.这并不是说手机是造成了这种遗憾局面的唯一原因.③A is blame for A被指责为B; 因为B, A被指责了26、curb(缰绳) harness(马嚼子) curb and harness 控制temper 脾气, 控制temper the desire of consuming 控制消费的欲望.(内在的控制) good temper 好脾气(控制好自己内心) temple 寺庙(控制内心的一个场所)27、entertain v.招待取悦某人entertaining=interesting=funny adj.有趣的entertainment 娱乐28、far-reaching 影响深远的farfetched 牵强的29、vulnerable=susceptible 易受攻击的;易受伤的;易受批评的,易受影响的①A is susceptible to B A易受到B的影响The young is susceptible to the advertisement.②A is susceptible to doing sth. The wom an is susceptible to developing(形成) disorder(紊乱) when facing stress ,contrasting to men.③sb. is susceptible 某人生性很敏感(易受影响的)同义词likely to =vulnerable to =prone to The citizens are prone to the exploitation. 人们易于被剥削.30、cover ①报道BBC covers the disaster. BBC报道了这场灾难. ②支付Your salary barely covers the expense. 你的收入很难支付开销.31、assume ①=believe ②assume(=shoulder) the responsibility 承担责任assume the position of governer. 出任州长court 法院The Court 最高法院congress 州议会The Congress 国会32、buy we do not buy (=believe) it. Buy it or not. =Believe it or not.33、literature 文学,文字材料read the literature of this drug. 阅读这个药品的说明书34、community社区legal community 法律机构the community(群落) of the elephant 表示机构的词academic establishmentinstitution 机构;制度institute 机构,学校(=university) MIT麻省理工学院（Massachusetts Institute of Technology）35、anger=seething 愤怒seething anger 极端愤怒36、eyebrow眉毛raise eyebrow 引起舆论哗然，令人吃惊（怀疑）His move raise eyebrows。
何凯文考研英语课作文笔记7页
十五句背诵句一．第三段开头：（with）the situation being so serious ,it is high time that we took effective measures to...(解决问题)二、第三段：It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to harness and curb this urgent problem.三、第一段结尾:Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.四、第二段第一句附加：In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious .五、.第一段第二句：There has been a heated discussion about this /those /them picture in the newspaper.六：The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to the reform and opening-up policy being carried out, bringing some problems at the same time, with the following/above one being the foremost .七：The picture, at the first glimpse, seems to be simple, but only a penetrating sight can pierce through its superficial meaning.The author’s real purpose is not the fact itself ,but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg .作者的真实目的不是图画本身，而是引导我们去探究在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么。
何凯文直播课2月5日笔记详解
何凯文直播课2月5日笔记详解第三步：独立成句--------第四步：调整句序（四）独立主格的独立成句：独立主格：两个句子主语不同，保留两个句子的主语将其中一个句子的动词做非谓语动词的变化。
be----beingdo----doingbe done---done例1：European communications companies are on high alert for cyber attacks on their networks, /with hackers often using a technique/ of deluginginfrastructure/ with traffic from multiple sources.词汇难点：We have been deluged with applications for the job.我们收到大量的这个职位的求职申请。
We have been bombarded with letters of complaint.我们收到大量的求职信切分!独立成句！1. European communications companies are on high alert for cyberattacks on their network.2. Hackers often use a technique/ of deluging infrastructure1/ with trafficfrom multiple sources2. 过载黑客们常常使用一种（能够通过来自多渠道的流量）（使基建过载）的技术；黑客常常从多个来源通过大流量攻击使网络基建过载。
（这就是翻译课以后要解决的问题：让自己的中文更像中文。
）视问题来定独立主格结构到底表示原因还是结果为什么欧洲的通讯公司会很警惕？欧洲的通讯公司很警惕所造成的结果是什么？凯文译文：欧洲通讯公司对于网络袭击高度警惕；黑客常常从多个来源通过大流量攻击使网络基建过载。
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第一部分：强化期间总体复习思路一、单词：真题单词二、句子结构：主干三、翻译：理解句子结构=保证句子理解正确掌握翻译技巧=保证句子表达正确掌握词组用法=保证句子翻译正确四、句子间的关系：通过句子间的关系解题五、段落间的关系：论点+论据六、文章结构：论点+论据线性结构+扇形结构第二部分：考研阅读总论一、体材：议论文二、四大题材：商业经济、人文社科、文化教育、科普议论三、考察八大能力：1、理解主旨2、理解作者观点、意图或态度3、理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系4、理解文章中的概念性的含义5、理解文中的具体信息6、区分论点和论据7、进行有关判断、推理和引申——表达方式的改变、取非（正话反说）（1）总量不变、构成不变、此消彼长（2）相反的（3）时间前后，事实相反例子：在电视出现之前，候选人很难有机会出现与大众直接交流的机会→电视出现后有机会8、根据上下文推理生词词义四、六大题型：主题题、例证题、推理题、细节题、词义题、态度题五、做题步骤：1、阅读题干，确定题型，猜测大意2、通读全文，抓住重点，确定中心3、再读题干，回文定位，精度线索（1）段落首末（2）转折（3）结论（4）观点4、比对选项，同义替换，合理排除第三部分：考研阅读具体题型解题方案一、细节题（一）识别：题干中不包含其他题型特征的题是细节题（二）考察内容：1、事实识别→分析句子能力2、因果识别→分清原因结果因果表达方式3、观点识别→问观点，找观点4、Which题型→一一比对的能力（三）分类：1、事实识别：问题中只出现了本文的具体相关信息，有明显的定位词汇2、因果关系：问题中除开具体的定位词之外，还有表示因果的词汇：in that，dut to，attribute（认为……是；把……归于）3、观点识别：问题除开具体定位词之外，还出现了表示观点的词汇：think、believe、maintain、hold、advocate4、Which题型（except题型）（四）解题思路：1、定位（1）寻找题干中的定位词（能缩小搜索范围）时间、地点、人名、数字、专有名词、因果词、观点词定位词可能是原文词的替换（同近义词、上下义词）（2）回文包含定位词的句子，线索句2、读取（1）分析线索句的主干，将其与各项比对（表达方式不同，意思最为接近正确选项）（2）必要时需要分析线索句的上一句或下一句。
上一句或下一句叫做支持句，当线索句为段落首末句时，支持句可以是段落其他所有句子。
3、注意事项（1）顺序原则，出题顺序与行文顺序保持一致（2）段落原则，一个段落对应一个细节题，细节题通常不夸段，排除段落之间指代、重复、转折、因果等明显逻辑关系。
（3）比较的内容：对象、内容、结果观点词：Think、thought （思想；思考；想法；关心）、believe、belief（相信）、maintain（维持；继续；维修；主张；供养）、suspect（猜想）、suspicion（怀疑）、insist（坚持、强调）、doubt（怀疑、不信、恐怕、说不准）、assert（维护，坚持；断言；主张；声称）、assertion（声明、主张）、contend（主张）、contention（争论，争辩；争夺；论点）、argue（辩论，争论；证明；说服）、argument（论证；论据；争吵；内容提要）、agree （同意）、attempt（企图，试图；攻击）、moan（抱怨）、complain、say、hold、assume（承担；假定；采取；呈现）、claim、declare（宣布）、hypotheses（（有少量事实依据但未被证实的）假说（hypothesis的名词复数）；假设；（凭空的）猜想；猜测）、idea、opinion（主张）、warn（警告、提醒）、advocate（四）细节题正误选项特征：1、正确——同义替换（1）同义词替换（2）上下义词的替换（3）正话反说（正反替换）2、错误——干扰选项特征（1）视觉干扰：偷梁换柱（主谓宾系表的偷换）、移花接木（2）因果倒置（3）否定错误（对比等）（4）比较错误（比较内容主观、客观）（5）文中没有提到（6）原文→选项A······→选项B二、态度题（一）识别：attitude（二）分类：主体（发出者）、对象、态度词1、当主体是作者时，对象是文章主题词时，我们称之为全文态度题2、其他情况称之为局部态度题3、态度词的分类：（1）必然不会成为答案的词：indifferent漠不关心的、neutral不表态、biased有偏见的、suspicious可疑的、scared害怕的、subjective主观的、questionable可疑的、sensitive敏感的、puzzled困惑的、gloomy沮丧的、阴郁的（2）可以入选的选项：正负态度：optimistic乐观的-pessimistic悲观的positive积极的-negative消极的approved赞成的- disapproved不赞成的critical批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的中性词：objective客观的、impartial公平的、amazed吃惊的、surprised出人意料的（三）解题步骤1、看选项，排除永陪选项，进行排除2、看题干，确定态度（1）主题符合传统道德价值观，作者持正态度（2）主题不符合传统道德价值观，作者持负态度（3）主题与道德价值无关或无定论，作者通常是中性态度，若无中性态度，选正态度。
（四）相关词汇因果关系：because、because of、since、for、as、due to、owing to、in that、so、so that、therefore、thus、hence、as a result，consequently，accordingly，implication，consequence，effect1、导致cause，lead to，result to，give rise to，render，produce，make，let，support，spur，spark，stimulate，fuel，push，motivate刺激，prompt，be responsible for，inspire2、源自于derive，come，result，originate，initial，stem，emanate，spring…+from，be attributable to，grow out to，be responsive to例子：The debate is fueled by the despair state of the patients.由于病人的绝望，人们开始争论。
3、考虑到+原因given that… ，on account of…，in view of…，in terms of…，in light of…，thanks to…4、依赖于+原因rely on…，depending on…，resort to…，count on…5、条件词if，when，once，as，as soon as，as long as+原因6、分词短语、不定式、介词短语、定语从句→原因、结果（五）态度题的解题思路（局部态度题）步骤：1、确定题干中的态度的主体和对象2、返回原文寻找包含主体对象的句子（优先考虑包含主题的句子）3、将原文中的态度和选项相对照4、同意替换的为正确选项三、主题题（一）实质：对论点（结论）和论题（对象）的提问（二）识别：题干出现：subject，summarize，main idea，mainly about，best title，primarily about，main topic（三）解题方法：1、寻找主题句（论点）或者主题词（论题）2、根据选项合理排除（1）如何寻找主题句开门见山：通常出现在文章首段首句柳暗花明：文章开头转折处or现象结论处特征：一个概括总结性的结论或判断（2）如何寻找主题词：主题句、首段、全文、题干中有出现（四）解题原则：1、正确选项不能描述细节2、正确选项不能包含无具体依据信息3、正确选项应包含主题词或同义替换词（谚语中可以不包含）4、以复数为中心词选项往往是干扰选项（排除与原文的展开方式一致）四、例证题（一）识别：题干出现：example，case，demonstrate，illustrate，mention，to show （二）解题思路：1、例子是为论点、结论和主题服务的；2、寻找例子对应的观点结论和主题3、尽量可以忽略例子本身附加：在寻找的过程中：1、通常往上或往下寻找，可以跨段2、一定将例子和观点完全剥离3、例子所在句较长时，例子和观点能在同一句中（三）错误选项的特征：1、就事论事2、自我总结（自己总结的并非文中提出的论点）五、推理题（一）识别：题干出现：infer，learn，imply，conclude，suggest，indicate（二）分类：1、细节推理：题干中包含有具体定位信息2、段落推理：题干中包含有段落号3、全文推理：题干中包含有主题词或无定位信息（三）推理题解题思路：1、细节性：题干中包含定位信息（1）部分题目的本质就是细节题，主要把握句子间和选项间的同义替换（2）还有部分题目实质考察的是句子间的关系，通常采用代入法解题，正确选项应该满足句子间的逻辑关系2、段落性的推理题（1）常考题句A.段落句末，主题句、观点句B.转折的地方C.强调句或递进关系的地方D.与主题密切相关的细节（C D不常考）（2）解题原则A.主题大于细节，论点大于论据B.推理必须有原文依据C.特别关注转折3、全文性推理（1）主要是耗时，通常考察一一对比选项（2）选项中和主题相关的优先考虑之注意事项：1、本质上是一种同意改写2、被接受的推理正反推理（取非）和归纳总结六、词义题（一）识别：题干中对某个单词、短语、句子的含义进行推测，有时也会考察代词的指代。
（二）实质：此本无意，意由境生（三）解题流程：1、返回原文确定题干位置2、根据上下文推测含义3、代入原文，确定答案（四）解题原则：句子间的正反关系（1）正关系A并列关系（并列连词；or 语义上的并列）B解释关系（①定语，定语从句②标点（）——③同位语④因果关系，因果解释）C总分关系（举例、单复数间的关系）（2）反关系转折（五）注意事项：1、很多时候单词的字面含义都不是答案，一定要代入验证是否满足上下逻辑2、单词题寻找答案时，尽量寻找上下文对应点3、句子题要关注上下句的关系第四部分：阅读解题通法一、句子之间的关系：承接、并列、总分（支持）、转折二、特别的六大关注：1、阅读原文时：观点、指代、转折2、读题干时：因果、观点3、读选项时：否定（范围、对象）、比较（对象、内容、因果）、因果（强加、倒置）三、所有答案应从原文中获得答案无非来自以下情况：1、单独的一个句子2、句子间的关系3、段落的主题4、全文的主旨四、选项的特征：（一）错误选项的特征：1、视觉干扰：移花接木、偷梁换柱、无中生有2、逻辑干扰：（1）否定错误：（62 ，28C）（23，26A）（2）比较错误：（85 38B）（3）因果错误：强加因果（22 25D）（12 45D）因果倒置（37 38A）（32 22B）3、没有提到：（1）单纯性的（2）原文→选项A······→选项B（14 ，49）（32，25）4、例证题的错误选项：就是论是、自我总结5、主题题的错误选项：范围不能过大过小、标题与文章不匹配（二）正确选项的特征：1、关键词的替换或改写：同近义词、上下义词2、取非正反改写3、归纳总结注意：1、出题人经常加上形容词或副词来隐藏正确选项2、出题人常用may，some，certain，special，should等词使答案更加安全3、正确选项往往与主题相关（三）最佳选项的特征：1、四个选项都不对时：（1）与主题观点相关的优先入选（2）逻辑错误（比较、否定、因果）优先排除（四个选项与主题观点都无关时）2、有多个正确选项时：（1）与主题观点相关的优先入选（36，35）（48，40）（14，48）（7，56）（2）因为A所以B，选A不选B （66，34）（34，27）。