高一下英语必修三 unit4 主语从句和同位语从句1
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必修3：Unit4主语从句
据报道2020东京奥运会推迟了。
summary
一、主语从句在句子中扮演主语的角色；
二、要不出现在句首，要不放在句末。
三、3种用法：
1. 由 -wh 引导 （what; who; when; where; why; how; whether…)
2. 由 that 引导
3. 由 It 做形式主语
1）It is + 名词 + 从句 2）It is + 形容词 + 从句 3）It + 动词（vi/vt) + 从句 (区分系动词) 4）It + 被动 + 从句
4）It + 被动 + 从句
It is reported that… 据报道……，
It is said that… 据说………
对比 what 和 that 的用法
用 what 和 that 填空。
1）_____ Trump did in public astonished the others. 2）_____ Trump did something in public astonished
状语从句 他养了条狗子，因为他寂寞。
主语从句是干啥的？
作主语的
主语从句的位置有 2 种情况： 1）主语从句 + 谓
谓 主
What you say is always right.
你说的都对。
主语从句的位置有 2 种情况： 2）it 作形式主语：It + 谓 + 主语从句
形式主语 谓
It is important that we eat well.
形式主语
主语从句
2）It is obvious that we can not finish the task on time.
summary
一、主语从句在句子中扮演主语的角色；
二、要不出现在句首，要不放在句末。
三、3种用法：
1. 由 -wh 引导 （what; who; when; where; why; how; whether…)
2. 由 that 引导
3. 由 It 做形式主语
1）It is + 名词 + 从句 2）It is + 形容词 + 从句 3）It + 动词（vi/vt) + 从句 (区分系动词) 4）It + 被动 + 从句
4）It + 被动 + 从句
It is reported that… 据报道……，
It is said that… 据说………
对比 what 和 that 的用法
用 what 和 that 填空。
1）_____ Trump did in public astonished the others. 2）_____ Trump did something in public astonished
状语从句 他养了条狗子，因为他寂寞。
主语从句是干啥的？
作主语的
主语从句的位置有 2 种情况： 1）主语从句 + 谓
谓 主
What you say is always right.
你说的都对。
主语从句的位置有 2 种情况： 2）it 作形式主语：It + 谓 + 主语从句
形式主语 谓
It is important that we eat well.
形式主语
主语从句
2）It is obvious that we can not finish the task on time.
人教高中英语必修3Unit4 Grammar The subject clause主语从句(共29张PPT)
1）主语从句在句首只能用whether, 有it作形式主 Conclusion: 语时whether/if都可以。
2）whether/if 在从句中不充当句子成分，
但有意义“是否”，不能省略。
3.连接代词和连接副词的用法：
1）连接代词：what (whatever ) ，who( whoever) ， which (whichever)，whom，whose .可以在从句中作主语，宾语表语。
* If we will have a meeting hasn’t been
decided yet. ×
Pay attention:放在主语从句句首，表示“是 否”时，只能用whether, 不能用if
Correct or not?
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What
*That party
she will
wants to be held .
It is certain that price will go up .
3. That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.
It is quite clear that they are badly in need of help.
Pick up one number and finish the task in it, then you can get some scores.
3.How did dinosaurs die out is still a mystery.
dinosaurs died out Conclusion: 从句必须用陈述语序。
注意: 由that 引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,
避免 “头重脚轻”, 常用 it 作形式主语, 而把从句放在 后面。 例如:
人教必修三 Unit4 主语从句详细讲解课件56PPT
that 只有引导定从才做成分
• 5．what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 • what引导主语从句时在从句中充当成分，如
主语、宾语、表语等；that则不作任何成分， 只起连接作用。
• ①What has made him mad is not known yet. • (what在从句中作主语) • ②What you said yesterday is right. • (what在从句中作said的宾语) • ③That she is still alive is a consolation. • (that不作任何成分)
(引导名词性从句的关联词):
从属连词 that, whether, if，
(不作成分）
连接代词 what, who, whom, （作成分） whose, which, wh+ever 连接副词 when, where,why,how
（作状语）
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1.引导词 that
that放在句首引导主语从句，在主语从句中 不充当任何成分也无实际意义。但是不能省略。
It + be + 名词 ＋ that从句
It is a pity that… It is a surprise that …. It is a fact that……
遗憾的是…… 令人惊奇的是…… 事实是……
It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句
It appears/seems that… 似乎……
★_W__h_a_t he offers is what I need.
★ _W__h_at__ they are most interested in is
how they can produce more and better cars.
高中英语必修三Unit4-主语从句
It happened that...
碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起…
It appears/seems that… 似乎，好像…
It turned out that… 原来…
*_I_t_h_a_p_p_e_n_e_d__t_h_a_t_(刚好)I was out yesterday.
主语从句的规律：
例4. That whether he will help others is a fact.
正：That he will help others is a fact.
规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用。
主语从句的规律： 例5. When he will come are a puzzle. 正：When he will come is a puzzle.
4) 连接副词when, where, how ,why
1.When we will leave（我们什么时候离开） hasn’t been decided. 2.How he got there (他怎么到那的） is a secret. 3. Why he cried (他为什么哭）is not clear. 4. Where the meeting （会议将在哪里举行） will be held is not known.
主语是？
Which part serves as subject in each sentence? 1. You are a student. 2. Smoking is bad for you. 3. To find your way can be a problem. 4. “How do you do?” is a greeting.
主语从句与同位语从句详解
【主语从句】主语从句是指在句子中做主语的从句。
引导主语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who，what，which以及其强调形式whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，how，why等。
例如：That she was able to come made us very happy．Whether she will come or not is still a question．What we need is more time．Where she has gone is a mystery．在主语从句中，为了保持句子的平衡，我们常常把主语从句后置，而以形式主语it代替。
例如：That he misunderstood me is obvious．通常说成：It is obvious that he misunderstood me．When the plane is to take off has not been announced．通常说成：It has not been announced when the plane is to take off．引导主语从句位于句首的连词不能用if，可以使用whether。
例如：If he comes or not doesn’t matter．应该为：It doesn’t matter if he comes or not．或Whether he comes or not doesn’t matter．that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。
例如：That he was chosen made us very happy．注意这种结构构成的一些常见句型，如：It is said / reported that …．据说/据报道……。
It must be pointed out that …．必须指出的是……。
人教版高一英语必修三Unit4主语从句(课件)
6. When and where the meeting XXX be held stirlel mreaminain a question.
主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用 单数情势。
7. What were your problems a year ago hasve now become mine.
4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to
Whoever
turn off the lights.
5.It is important that a student learns a foreign
language.
should learn
4. Where XXX the trees be planted has
not been decided.
将XXX置于trees之后。主语从句要 用陈说句语序。
5. NoWmhaotteevrewr ho breaks the rule XXX be punished.
引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引 导名词性从句时只能用whoever。
A. is B. are C. has D have
5.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区分 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当 句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that 则不然。 1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
• 常用句型如下： • It+ be +名词+ that 从句 • It+ be + 形容词+ that从句 • It+ be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 • It+ be + 不及物动词+ that从句
主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用 单数情势。
7. What were your problems a year ago hasve now become mine.
4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to
Whoever
turn off the lights.
5.It is important that a student learns a foreign
language.
should learn
4. Where XXX the trees be planted has
not been decided.
将XXX置于trees之后。主语从句要 用陈说句语序。
5. NoWmhaotteevrewr ho breaks the rule XXX be punished.
引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引 导名词性从句时只能用whoever。
A. is B. are C. has D have
5.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区分 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当 句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that 则不然。 1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
• 常用句型如下： • It+ be +名词+ that 从句 • It+ be + 形容词+ that从句 • It+ be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 • It+ be + 不及物动词+ that从句
必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy： the science of the stars 名词性从句
【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：名词性从句——主语从句与同位语从句二. 知识精讲：（一）主语从句1. 概念与引导词在复合句中充当主语的从句就叫做主语从句。
引导主语从句的连接词有that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, where , when , why , how Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我们在哪开会都无所谓。
That we were invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.我们被邀请去参加今晚的音乐会，这对于我们来说是个好消息。
2. 主语从句需要注意的问题（1）从属连词that在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略，并且可以用形式主语it代替，把that从句置于句末。
That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都很激动。
It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.已决定将会议推迟到下周一。
（2）主语从句常用it作形式主语，常用于以下固定句式中：①It +be +形容词（obvious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely, certain, necessary, important, strange…）+ that从句，在这类主语从句中，谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形。
It is necessary that one (should) master the skills of operating computers.掌握电脑操作技术是很有必要的。
必修3 unit 4 Grammar 主语从句
It happened that I saw him yesterday.
(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以 使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用 主语从句：
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他 们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
Subject clause 主语从句 名 词 性 从 句
主语
Object clause 宾语从句
Predicative clause 表语从句 Oppositive clause 同位语从句
宾语
表语
作用相当于名词
同位语
That she could come to help us made us very happy 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.
<b> It is +形容词+从句
It is necessary that.... 有必要„„；
It is clear that.... 很清楚„„；
It is likely that.... 很可能„„；
It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars.
It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic
It was a problem whether they would support us.他 们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
人教高中英语必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars主语从句课件
从句常用虚拟语气should + do，表示理应如此、 惊讶等语气。
⑵ It + be + n. + that 从句
It was a pity _t_h_a_t__ you didn’t pass the exam. 非常荣幸我能在这里给大家演讲。 It is a great honour that I can give a speech to all
Exercise:
• 1). _W__h_a_t____ you have done might be harmful to other people.
• 2).__T_h_a_t _ light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.that引导主语从句时不可省略
All in all, how we can improve our English grades depend on whether hard we work.
• 2) Humans are curious about _h_o__w__ life began
on the earth.
• 3）My suggestion is _th__a_t_ we should read the
English texts every day.
• 4) Fighting for our dreams is _w__h_e_r_e_ the
What is more important is we should have a positive attitude to studying English. Everyone can make mistakes is possible. Thus, enjoy lose face and you’ll have more chances to improve your English quickly.
⑵ It + be + n. + that 从句
It was a pity _t_h_a_t__ you didn’t pass the exam. 非常荣幸我能在这里给大家演讲。 It is a great honour that I can give a speech to all
Exercise:
• 1). _W__h_a_t____ you have done might be harmful to other people.
• 2).__T_h_a_t _ light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.that引导主语从句时不可省略
All in all, how we can improve our English grades depend on whether hard we work.
• 2) Humans are curious about _h_o__w__ life began
on the earth.
• 3）My suggestion is _th__a_t_ we should read the
English texts every day.
• 4) Fighting for our dreams is _w__h_e_r_e_ the
What is more important is we should have a positive attitude to studying English. Everyone can make mistakes is possible. Thus, enjoy lose face and you’ll have more chances to improve your English quickly.
人教版高中英语必修三 Unit 4 语法课件(共33张PPT)
The question is whether we can rely on him. That’s because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . That’s why I was late .
P64 USING STRUCTURE
Do you know where we come from? How did the universe begin? Read the passage and try to understand how Stephen Hawking solved the problems?
4. I hear they _h_a_v_e__r_e_t_u_rned (return) it already.
5. He said that they _h_a_d__b_e_e__n members of the Party since 1948. (be)
6. I didn’t know what time he __w__ro__t_e the letter. (write)
3. __W_h_y_ the universe exists the way it does is a major question to all those who have looked at stars like Hawking.
4. _W_h_a_t_ has developed over two thousand years of observation has to be greatly revised.
A. whether B. That C. what D. when
P64 USING STRUCTURE
Do you know where we come from? How did the universe begin? Read the passage and try to understand how Stephen Hawking solved the problems?
4. I hear they _h_a_v_e__r_e_t_u_rned (return) it already.
5. He said that they _h_a_d__b_e_e__n members of the Party since 1948. (be)
6. I didn’t know what time he __w__ro__t_e the letter. (write)
3. __W_h_y_ the universe exists the way it does is a major question to all those who have looked at stars like Hawking.
4. _W_h_a_t_ has developed over two thousand years of observation has to be greatly revised.
A. whether B. That C. what D. when
人教版高中英语必修三单元四Unit4主语从句(共16张PPT)
When and where he was born is not clear.
他何时何地出生的还不清楚。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时间动身以及要去哪里还没有定 下来。
1. It is likely that he is the winner of this game.
•
3.It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
(said, reported, thought, expected, believed等) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已抵达北京。
4.It＋不及物动词＋that从句
(seem, happen等) It happened that I was out that day.
•
4、All that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right. ----R.H. Stoddard, American poet做一切事都应尽力而为，半途而废永远不行6.17.20216.17.202110:5110:5110:51:1910:51:19
主语从句
一、定义 主语从句是在复合句中作句子的主语。
What I want is a new bicycle. 我想要的是一辆新自行车。
二、主语从句的引导词
1. 连词that, whether (1)that在从句中不作成分,无词义,不能省略 That she could come to help us made us very happy.
他何时何地出生的还不清楚。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时间动身以及要去哪里还没有定 下来。
1. It is likely that he is the winner of this game.
•
3.It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
(said, reported, thought, expected, believed等) It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已抵达北京。
4.It＋不及物动词＋that从句
(seem, happen等) It happened that I was out that day.
•
4、All that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right. ----R.H. Stoddard, American poet做一切事都应尽力而为，半途而废永远不行6.17.20216.17.202110:5110:5110:51:1910:51:19
主语从句
一、定义 主语从句是在复合句中作句子的主语。
What I want is a new bicycle. 我想要的是一辆新自行车。
二、主语从句的引导词
1. 连词that, whether (1)that在从句中不作成分,无词义,不能省略 That she could come to help us made us very happy.
高一下学期英语课件：必修三 Unit4 --Grammar(同位语从句) (共11张PPT)
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3. 关于should
• He suggested that we should set off early. • It is suggested that we should set off early. • His suggestion is that we should set off early. • This is my suggestion that we should set
Noun Clauses
The appositive clause
1
Quick review
• The fact that she won the first prize made us extremely excited.
• It is impossible that she will come to my party.
定语从句中充当主语成分，不可省略
• I don’t believe the news that you gave to
me
定语从句中充当宾语成分，可省略
• The problem that our water is badly
同位语从句中不充当主语成分，不可省略
polluted is not clearly aware of.
4
不充当任何成分 不可省略
表示是否， 不可用if代替
连词
that, whether
连接代词 连接副词
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,等
When, where
why, how
5
同位语从句使用注意点
1. 关于whether • 表示是否，不可被if替代 • I have no thought whether he will accept it. • 回忆点：
3. 关于should
• He suggested that we should set off early. • It is suggested that we should set off early. • His suggestion is that we should set off early. • This is my suggestion that we should set
Noun Clauses
The appositive clause
1
Quick review
• The fact that she won the first prize made us extremely excited.
• It is impossible that she will come to my party.
定语从句中充当主语成分，不可省略
• I don’t believe the news that you gave to
me
定语从句中充当宾语成分，可省略
• The problem that our water is badly
同位语从句中不充当主语成分，不可省略
polluted is not clearly aware of.
4
不充当任何成分 不可省略
表示是否， 不可用if代替
连词
that, whether
连接代词 连接副词
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,等
When, where
why, how
5
同位语从句使用注意点
1. 关于whether • 表示是否，不可被if替代 • I have no thought whether he will accept it. • 回忆点：
必修三 unit4 主语从句
主语是动作的发出者或受到描述的对象。
通常位于谓语动词或系动词之前。
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一、主语从句的定义： 在复合句中位于谓语动词或系动词之前充当主语 的句子，叫主语从句。 That he is still alive is a wonder.
二、主语从句的构成： 引导词 + 简单句 + 谓语动词/系动词 + 其他成分.
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1. that
2. that引导主语从句, that在从句中只起连接作用
，
3.
不作成分，没有意义，不能省略。
That he will come is certain.
2. whether
1.1) whether引导主语从句，译为“是否”, 不能省略
。
2. if 不能引导表语从句。
Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him.
Which side will win is not clear.
What she said today was quite right.
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When he will be back depends on the weather. Where the test will be given is not yet decided. Where and when he was born is a secret.
It + 谓语动词/系动词 + 宾语/表语 + 主语从句. 例如:
That we shall be late is certain. = It is certain that we shall be late. 1. That the earth is round is known to all. = It is known to all that the earth is round. 2. whether they would support us was a problem . = It was a problem wh精e选t版h课e件rpptt hey would support10us.
高一英语必修三 UNIT 4课文详解ppt课件
3.After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. 然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。
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3
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5
Par 2
1.For several billion years after the "Big Bang", the earth was still just a cloud of dust. 大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还 只是一团尘埃。
2.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamen tal to the development of life. 水对于生命的发展会起关键作用， 这一点在当时并不明显。
3.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of
6.They produced young entirely by laying eggs. 他们一般是通过 孵蛋而繁衍后代的。
7.After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. 再 后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。
8.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
live on land as well as in the water. 随后，陆地上出现了动物，
其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，他们既能在陆上生活
2
3
4
5
Par 2
1.For several billion years after the "Big Bang", the earth was still just a cloud of dust. 大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还 只是一团尘埃。
2.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamen tal to the development of life. 水对于生命的发展会起关键作用， 这一点在当时并不明显。
3.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of
6.They produced young entirely by laying eggs. 他们一般是通过 孵蛋而繁衍后代的。
7.After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. 再 后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。
8.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
live on land as well as in the water. 随后，陆地上出现了动物，
其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，他们既能在陆上生活
人教版高中英语必修三unit4语法(9张PPT)
*__It_i_s_r_e_p_o_r_t_e_d_t_h_a_t___(据报
道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.
*_I_ti_s_s_u_g__g_e_s_t_e_d_t_h_a_t_____(建
议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreex
e注rc意is3e：. 主语为从句时，谓语动词一般要用单数形 式；但如果what引导的从句做主语，并且代表复 数概念（常可从表语上看出），则谓语动词常用 复数形式
Whatweneed___i_s____water.我们所需要的是水。 Whatweneed________usefulbooks.我们所需要 的是一些有用的书a。re
高中英语课件
madeofcanruohanxing
SubjectClauses 主语从句
1.主语从句概念 主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语的名词性从句。
2.ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导主语从句的
关联词):
从属连词 that,whether,（注意if不 (不作成分） 能引导）
连接代词 wቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱat,who,which,whom, （作成分） whose,wh+ever
连接副词 （作状语） when,where,how,why
3.主语从句注意事项
注意1：that在从句中只起连接作用，不充当句子 成分，且本身无实际意义。
whether在从句中起连接作用，不充当句子成分， 不能用if代替.
It’sapity/ashame//afact/goodnews/nowonder/ acommonknowledge…that…(遗憾的是/事实是/ 好消息//难怪/众所周知）
高一下英语必修三 unit4 主语从句和同位语从句1
在从句中作宾语
What it is on earth has not been figured out.
在从句中作表语
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Which student will win the first is uncertain.
在从句中作主语
2. That the earth is round is known to all. -- It’s known to all that the earth is round. 但what引导的主语从句除外。
it作形式主语的常用句式： ①It be＋形容词(obvious, likely, possible, strange, natural, important, necessary, essential...)＋that从 句 ②It be＋名词短语(a pity, a shame, a fact, a surprise, an honour, no wonder...)＋that从句 ③It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, hoped, reported, expected, ...)＋that从 句 ④It＋特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters, occurs to sb, makes no difference...)＋that从句
3.___ is known to us all is that America is a developed country____the First World.
a.Which; belong to
b. As, belonged to
What it is on earth has not been figured out.
在从句中作表语
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Which student will win the first is uncertain.
在从句中作主语
2. That the earth is round is known to all. -- It’s known to all that the earth is round. 但what引导的主语从句除外。
it作形式主语的常用句式： ①It be＋形容词(obvious, likely, possible, strange, natural, important, necessary, essential...)＋that从 句 ②It be＋名词短语(a pity, a shame, a fact, a surprise, an honour, no wonder...)＋that从句 ③It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, hoped, reported, expected, ...)＋that从 句 ④It＋特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters, occurs to sb, makes no difference...)＋that从句
3.___ is known to us all is that America is a developed country____the First World.
a.Which; belong to
b. As, belonged to
人教版高中英语必修3unit4语法：主语从句
如何选择主语从句的引导词？
Tips: 根据句子意思，分析引导词和主语从句的 结构和关系
如果从句缺主语，指人用who，指物用what； 如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what； 如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where； 原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语 用what或which；
什么都不缺考虑 that 或whether。
It is known to all that the earth is round.
用it情势主语的that从句有以下四种 不同的搭配：
It + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句
It is important that …. It is obvious that…… It is necessary that…
令人惊奇的是…
It is a fact that……
事实是……
It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句
It seems that… It happens that ….
好像… 碰巧…
Exercise: translate the following sentences:
1.It is a fact that the earth goes round the XXX.
3.连接代词who,what,which,whoever,whatever等引 导的主语从句，在从句中充当成分，不能省略。
Who XXX go makes no difference.
谁会去没有差别。
What he told us made us surprised.
他告知我们的话使我们吃惊。
Which team XXX win is not clear.
人教版高中英语必修三课件：Unit4 主语从句.ppt
(2) if与whether
_W_h_e_t_h_e_r he will go to Beijing or not was not clear.
It was not clear _W_h_e_t_h_e_r/_if__ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้he will go to Beijing. 总结: 如果whether从句位于_句_首___，或者与 _or__no_t_连用时，不能用if替换 如果句中借用了__it___作形式主语，引导词 可以用__if____替换whether。
excited the whole day.
A. If
B.Whether
C.That D.Where
④____C__ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
考点二： it 作形式主语
(1) It的用处：为了避免主语冗长和句子 _头__重_脚__轻__, 经常用it作_形__式_主__语__,主语从句放 在_句_末__作真正的主语。 Eg:That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.（用it做形式主语改写句子） It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice.
accident
5. ___H_o__w_______ he solved the problem successfully
interested all of us.
6. _W__h_o_/_w_h__a_t__ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasn't
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6) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7) When they'll start the project has not been decided yet.
8) It's certain that he will succeed .
很遗憾的是我们输了比赛。
_I_t _is__a__p_i_ty__t_h_a_t. we lost the match
这是事实他考试作弊了。 _It_i_s_a__fa_c_t__th_a_t_he cheated in the exam.
3) It +不及物动词+从句
It happened that...
eg. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
whether “是否”，在主语从句中不充当成分。
2.连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water …
*__It__is__r_e_p__o_r_t_e_d__t_h_a_t(据报道)20 people were killed in
the accident.
*__I_t_i_s__s_u_g__g_e_s_t_e_d__t_h__a_t(建议)we should eat more
vegetable and do more exercise.
• 注意三 • 注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数 • What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定 • What he needs __i_s__that book. • What he needs __a_r_e__some books.
Summary:
Subject Clause
1. 用 that / whether / if/ /where / how / when /why / who /what/which/ how much / etc. 来连接主语从句.
在从句中作定语
3)连接副词when，where， how， why。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will set off is not decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.
2. That the earth is round is known to all. -- It’s known to all that the earth is round. 但what引导的主语从句除外。
it作形式主语的常用句式： ①It be＋形容词(obvious, likely, possible, strange, natural, important, necessary, essential...)＋that从 句 ②It be＋名词短语(a pity, a shame, a fact, a surprise, an honour, no wonder...)＋that从句 ③It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, hoped, reported, expected, ...)＋that从 句 ④It＋特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters, occurs to sb, makes no difference...)＋that从句
4.(___W__h_o can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.
5.(_W__h_e_th__er_ it will rain or not) is not clear. 6. (_W__h_y the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.
• I am not certain/sure whether I has met him before. • 4.他告诉我，他已经辞去工作了。
• He told me that he had quitted/quit his job.
Subject Clauses 主语从句
主语从句
陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句
在从句中作宾语
What it is on earth has not been figured out.
在从句中作表语
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Which student will win the first is uncertain.
在从句中作主语
在从句中充当的成 分
when（ever） 时间状语
where
地点状语
含义 什么时候，…的时候 哪里，……的地方
why
原因状语为什么ຫໍສະໝຸດ …的原因how方式状语
怎样，如何，…的方式
1）从属连词：that， whether等.
eg. That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature. that 无意义，在主语从句中不充当成分， 但不能省略。
动词/be
That+ 陈述句 Whether +一般陈疑述问句句 特殊疑问词 + 特陈殊述疑句问句
动词/be
引导词
从属连词（3个）：that 、 whether
连接代词 （9个）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、
wonderful…that… +(should) +do…
It is possible that *____________(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *__I_t _is__o_b_v_io_u__s_t_h_a_t_(很明显)this measure is effective.
在从句中作状语
主语从句：找出下列句子中的主语从句。
1) That he will succeed is certain . 2) Whether he will go there is not known . 3) What he said is not true . 4) Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5) Whoever comes is welcome.
仿写练习
• 1.你要留意老师所说的话。
• You should pay attention to what the teacher said. • 2.我能问你什么时候在哪里出生吗？
• May I ask you when and where you were born? • 3.我不能确定以前是否见过他。
连接副词（4个）：when、 why、where、 how
连词
在从句中充当的成分
含义
that whether what（ever） who(m) whose
which
不充当成分 不充当成分 主/宾/表/定 主/宾/表 定语
定语 主/宾/表/
无具体含义 是否
什么，…的东西/事
谁 谁的
哪一个/件……
连词
7.(_T_h_a_t__ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.
Conclusion: 主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
注意一:主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
1. That you missed the chance is a pity. -- It is a pity that you missed the chance.
Complete the sentences using what, whether, where,
when， who, why, how or that.
1.(__W_h__atis needed for success) is your hard work.
W2.h(_en__/H__o_wthey will arrive )has been told to the teacher. 3.(W__h_e_r_e/wwheewthielrl go tomorrow )hasn’t been decided yet.
4) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说…… It is known to all that... 众所周知…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that...据信……;人们相信…… It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议…… It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It cannot be denied that… 不可否认…… It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
8) It's certain that he will succeed .
很遗憾的是我们输了比赛。
_I_t _is__a__p_i_ty__t_h_a_t. we lost the match
这是事实他考试作弊了。 _It_i_s_a__fa_c_t__th_a_t_he cheated in the exam.
3) It +不及物动词+从句
It happened that...
eg. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
whether “是否”，在主语从句中不充当成分。
2.连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water …
*__It__is__r_e_p__o_r_t_e_d__t_h_a_t(据报道)20 people were killed in
the accident.
*__I_t_i_s__s_u_g__g_e_s_t_e_d__t_h__a_t(建议)we should eat more
vegetable and do more exercise.
• 注意三 • 注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数 • What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定 • What he needs __i_s__that book. • What he needs __a_r_e__some books.
Summary:
Subject Clause
1. 用 that / whether / if/ /where / how / when /why / who /what/which/ how much / etc. 来连接主语从句.
在从句中作定语
3)连接副词when，where， how， why。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. When they will set off is not decided. Where she is from is unknown. How we will paint the house has not been decided.
2. That the earth is round is known to all. -- It’s known to all that the earth is round. 但what引导的主语从句除外。
it作形式主语的常用句式： ①It be＋形容词(obvious, likely, possible, strange, natural, important, necessary, essential...)＋that从 句 ②It be＋名词短语(a pity, a shame, a fact, a surprise, an honour, no wonder...)＋that从句 ③It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, hoped, reported, expected, ...)＋that从 句 ④It＋特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters, occurs to sb, makes no difference...)＋that从句
4.(___W__h_o can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.
5.(_W__h_e_th__er_ it will rain or not) is not clear. 6. (_W__h_y the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.
• I am not certain/sure whether I has met him before. • 4.他告诉我，他已经辞去工作了。
• He told me that he had quitted/quit his job.
Subject Clauses 主语从句
主语从句
陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句
在从句中作宾语
What it is on earth has not been figured out.
在从句中作表语
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Which student will win the first is uncertain.
在从句中作主语
在从句中充当的成 分
when（ever） 时间状语
where
地点状语
含义 什么时候，…的时候 哪里，……的地方
why
原因状语为什么ຫໍສະໝຸດ …的原因how方式状语
怎样，如何，…的方式
1）从属连词：that， whether等.
eg. That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature. that 无意义，在主语从句中不充当成分， 但不能省略。
动词/be
That+ 陈述句 Whether +一般陈疑述问句句 特殊疑问词 + 特陈殊述疑句问句
动词/be
引导词
从属连词（3个）：that 、 whether
连接代词 （9个）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、
wonderful…that… +(should) +do…
It is possible that *____________(很可能)she will come back tomorrow. *__I_t _is__o_b_v_io_u__s_t_h_a_t_(很明显)this measure is effective.
在从句中作状语
主语从句：找出下列句子中的主语从句。
1) That he will succeed is certain . 2) Whether he will go there is not known . 3) What he said is not true . 4) Where he hid the money is to be found out . 5) Whoever comes is welcome.
仿写练习
• 1.你要留意老师所说的话。
• You should pay attention to what the teacher said. • 2.我能问你什么时候在哪里出生吗？
• May I ask you when and where you were born? • 3.我不能确定以前是否见过他。
连接副词（4个）：when、 why、where、 how
连词
在从句中充当的成分
含义
that whether what（ever） who(m) whose
which
不充当成分 不充当成分 主/宾/表/定 主/宾/表 定语
定语 主/宾/表/
无具体含义 是否
什么，…的东西/事
谁 谁的
哪一个/件……
连词
7.(_T_h_a_t__ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.
Conclusion: 主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
注意一:主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
1. That you missed the chance is a pity. -- It is a pity that you missed the chance.
Complete the sentences using what, whether, where,
when， who, why, how or that.
1.(__W_h__atis needed for success) is your hard work.
W2.h(_en__/H__o_wthey will arrive )has been told to the teacher. 3.(W__h_e_r_e/wwheewthielrl go tomorrow )hasn’t been decided yet.
4) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说…… It is known to all that... 众所周知…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that...据信……;人们相信…… It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议…… It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It cannot be denied that… 不可否认…… It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……