概要写作与读后续写专题复习
高考英语写作之读后续写、概要写作,思路
1新题型“读后续写”“概要写作”是一种将原本独立的“阅读理解”与“写作”组合在一起得出的“新题型”。
一道题目，双倍难度。
认真讲，以前英语老师会说：“得阅读者得天下”，因为阅读理解考查学生的能力最综合，得分也难。
而英语作文，只要背够连接词、链接句、再来几个经典长难句，基准分是有保障的。
可如今的“概要写作”“读后续写”，已不再是背几十个单词，用用on the one hand......on the other hand 就可以应付了，在写作之前，先得读懂阅读材料，还得构思与原文衔接、还要用上原文所给的五个单词，然后才能续写。
问题2：哪些省份的高考有新题型？2015 年 8 月，在教育部考试中心发布的《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》中，提出了写作新题型：读后续写或概要写作，两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。
读后续写作为一种全新的高考题型，于 2016 年 10 月首次在浙江英语高考卷中亮相，并沿用至今。
该题型已经在浙江、山东、辽宁等省份的日常考试中频繁出现，并将在2020年高考中使用。
河北、江苏、北京、天津、海南、湖南、湖北、广东、福建、重庆等省份也在陆续将新题型纳入日常练习和高考考查中。
问题3：概要写作主要考察什么能力？“概要写作”重点考查考生理解和呈现原文要点和准确使用词汇和语法结构的能力。
要求学生客观并且简练的概括出原文，而且要保证故事的完整连贯，逻辑通顺。
（曹老师的话：这类题型相对来说比较简单；考察三方面的能力：1. 找关键词的能力；2. 把关键词写成正确句子的能力；3. 把句子写成合理的段落的能力）问题4：读后续写考察什么能力？读后续写主要关注学生以下四个方面的能力：①把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。
学生需要了解所给短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。
②语言运用的准确性和丰富性。
学生能准确、恰当地使用所学词汇和语言结构，还能够根据内容需要使用较多、较复杂的词汇和语言结构。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 读后续写技巧指导
读后续写技巧指导一、总体分析读后续写要求考生在阅读一段350 词以内的语言材料的基础上，根据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150 词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
续写部分分为两段。
原文给出10 个左右的标有下划线的关键词语，所续写短文应使用5 个以上（教育部考试中心，2015）。
1. 原文特点《考试说明》虽未对读后续写材料的体裁做出明确说明，但根据所附的样题和自2016 年10 月首考至今的4 份真题来看，所提供的阅读材料一般是记叙文。
记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。
它的主要的表达方式是叙述和描写，也常辅以适当的抒情、议论和说明。
记叙文的特点是通过生动形象的事件来反映生活并表达作者的思想情感，它的中心思想蕴含在具体材料中，通过对人、事、物的生动描写来表现。
它的话题贴近生活，有一定趣味性，给学生的想象空间较大，上下文连贯性较强，结构清晰，语言难度较易把握。
2. 如何审题、谋篇、行文续写之前，首先应当审读原文，对故事内容进行把握和理解。
通过阅读，能判断文本的写作顺序（如时间先后顺序、地点变换顺序或情节发展顺序等），能找出故事的基本要素（如时间、地点、人物、事件等），能厘清文本的脉络和情节的发展，并据此对提供的文本内容进行归纳概括。
在审读原文的基础上，考虑如何对续写进行谋篇。
谋篇是对文本深入分析思考的过程。
分析文本中主人公的性格特点，思考人与人之间，人与社会间，人与自然间和人与自我之间的矛盾冲突，分析故事的起因和发展，思考和推断可能继续发展的方向，分析划线关键词和续写两段的段首句，思考具体的情节展现故事的高潮并合理结尾。
审题、谋篇的最终目的是要落实到续写上来。
读后续写的行文是对文本进行续写和完善的过程。
在内容上，要关注预设情节的逻辑性、合理性和思想性，要展现故事的主题、思想或哲理。
在语言上，要回看、体会并模仿原文的语言风格，以人物的动作、语言、心理描写为主，辅之以外貌和神态描写以及环境描写。
读后续写和概要写作讲义读后续写高分素材--微技能之细节描写
新高考读后续写高分素材--微技能之细节描写读后续写微技能之细节描写1高考中续写的文体主要为记叙文.顾名思义,记叙文主要以记叙事件为主,因此需要用到许多的细节描写以使文章生动,言之有物.不少学生语言功底不错,但是续写始终得不了高分,其中一个原因可能就是细节描写的缺乏.那么,续写该如何写呢？我们应该做到兼顾概括描述和细节描述,而且要多用细节描述.所谓概括描述是指对一个事件的总体描述,而细节描述那么是对事件的具体描述,来对之前的总体描述进一步解释说明,这样能够使得描述更加生动,有画面感.举例：如表达一个人的疲累时,可用概括描述：she felt exhausted,同时辅以细节描述She felt exhausted and sat by the stream, resting her aching feet.如果大家注意这些细节的描述,一定会为你的记叙文续写增色！“感到害怕〞的细节描述当看到那只凶恶的狼时,我感到很害怕.1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述,先将意思表达清楚.2、请你在此概括描述的根底上增加细节描述,注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理.1)___________________________________2)3)参考答案：1.At the sight of the ferocious wolf, I felt very scared.2. 1)At the sight of the ferocious wolf, I felt so scared that my throat tightened and my knees felt weak.(嗓子发紧, 膝盖发软)2)At the sight of the ferocious wolf, I froze with terror, too scared to move an inch.(P下呆了,不敢动弹)3)At the sight of the ferocious wolf, I was seized by a strong sense of horror and my palms were sweating.(被深深地恐惧感所限制,手心出汗)表感到兴奋thrilled当主持人宣布她获奖时,她兴奋极了.1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述,先将意思表达清楚.2、请你在此概括描述的根底上增加细节描述,注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理.1)___________________________________2)3)参考答案：1)When the host announced that she won the prize, she felt thrilled.2)1) When the host announced that she won the prize, her eyes twinkled with excitement.(冲动得两眼放光)3)When the host announced that she won the prize, her heart was thumping with excitement.(冲动得心砰砰跳)4)When the host announced that she won the prize, a wide excitement took hold of her.(兴奋不能自己)感到悲伤〞的细节描述一听到那个坏消息,她悲伤不已.1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述,先将意思表达清楚.2、请你在此概括描述的根底上增加细节描述,注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理.1）2）3）参考答案：1.Upon hearing the bad news, she felt extremely sad.2.1〕Upon hearing the bad news, her heart ached, tears streaming down her cheeks.〔心痛,眼泪直流〕2〕Upon hearing the bad news, she, numb with grief, had trouble speaking.〔悲伤至U失去知觉,不能开口说话〕3.〕Upon hearing the bad news, she felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn,t help crying bitterly.被一股悲伤之感限制,忍不住哭泣〕“感到开心〞的细节描述当妈妈亲吻他时,小baby开心极了.1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述,先将意思表达清楚.2、请你在此概括描述的根底上增加细节描述,注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理.1）2）3）参考答案：1.When his mother kissed him on the cheek, the baby was happy/delighted/full ofjoy.1.1）When his mother kissed him on the cheek, it seemed as if the babywere on top of the world.〔非常开心〕2）When the mother kissed the baby on the cheek, his face beamed and his bright smile lit up the room.〔眉开眼笑；笑容照亮房间〕3）When the mother kissed the baby on the cheek, his eyes danced with joy and sweetness.〔欢欣雀跃〕〞感到羞愧〞的细节描述她感到非常羞愧.1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述,先将意思表达清楚.〔答案见底部Key 1〕2、请你在此概括描述的根底上增加细节描述,注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理.1）2）3）〔答案见底部Key 2〕参考答案：Key 1: She felt ashamed.Key 2:1）She felt so ashamed that she could feel her face burning.〔脸上滚烫〕2）So ashamed was she that she could feel the blood rush to her face.〔血液涌上脸颊〕3）So ashamed did she feel that she was close to tears.〔快哭了〕“感到生气〞的细节描述Sheldon感到非常生气.1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述,先将意思表达清楚.2、请你在此概括描述的根底上增加细节描述,注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理.1)2)3)参考答案：Key 1: Sheldon felt very angry.Key 2:1)Sheldon felt so angry that he stormed out of the room, slamming the door furiously behind him.(冲出房间;狠狠摔门)2)Boiling with rage, Sheldon shook his fist at me.(怒火中烧；挥舞拳头)3)Filled with fury, Sheldon was unable to utter a single word.(充满愤怒；说不出话)“感到绝望〞的细节描述Tony感到很绝望.1、大家可以先尝试用概括描述,先将意思表达清楚.2、请你在此概括描述的根底上增加细节描述,注意逻辑关系以及语意的合理.1)____________________________________2)3)参考答案：Key 1: Tony felt hopeless/desperate.Key 2:1)As the result of an accident, Tony was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness and sank into hopelessness.(被投入黑暗之中；陷入绝望)2)Tony felt left out and was getting desperate with loneliness.(感觉被遗忘、无视)3)Tony's beliefs in looking forward and seeing the positive in everythingdeserted him.“人的行走之态〞细节描述1、踉踉跄跄2、悄悄地走3、猛冲〔答案见底部〕Keys:1.The player lost his balance, staggered back and toppled over.这个运发动失去了平衡,向后翘趄摔倒了.2.She slipped out of bed and tiptoed to the window,她溜下床,踮起脚尖走向窗户.3. The minion made a rush for the door and escaped from the scene.小黄人向门冲去,逃离了现场.人的说话方式〞细节描述说话的方式多种多样,如果都用talk就显得索然无味,也不够准确,所以要多积累各种各样的表达.1、说长道短；八卦2、小声咕哝3、嚎叫〔答案见底部〕Keys:1.The whole company is gossiping about the reason for his dismissal.整个公司都在谈论他被免职的原因.2.He murmured against the strict rules of the reality show.他私下低声抱怨真人秀的严苛规那么.3.Treated so unfairly, shehowled in pain and anger,被如此不公正地对待,她痛苦而又愤怒的嚎叫.细节描述之“思考〞如何表达一个人暗自思索时的样子对学生来说是很困难的,大多数情况下,学生往往会选择避开,但是, 人无时无刻不在思考,强行避开会使得故事内容上有些不衔接.所以,今天我们就一起来学习一下如何表达一个人的思考神态.1.得知问题所在之后,他的大脑开始急速运转,想要想出一个好的解决方案.2,单独一人时,他总是会想到那可怕的经历.3.在他洗澡时,忽然想到了一个好主意.〔答案见底部〕Keys:1.After he knew what the problem was, his mind began to race, trying to think of a good solution.〔大脑飞速运转〕2.When left alone, he would always be haunted by that horrible experience.〔［不好的回忆］萦绕心头挥之不去〕3.When he was taking a shower, a brilliant idea suddenlycrossed his mind.〔忽然闪过某人的脑海〕细节描述之“describe a peaceful scene〞今天,我们来看看该如何描述安静祥和的场景.1,享受阳光2,山间有小屋和田地3.入暮时分,芦苇随风飘扬〔答案见底部〕Keys:1.When I was bathed in the sunlight, it felt like the amber-like sunshine was kissing every inch of my skin.〔沐浴在阳光下；琥珀色的阳光亲吻着全身的肌肤〕2.Mist-covered mountains were dotted with small farms and villages.〔点缀着〕3.The sound of my footsteps was accompanied only by the gracefully waving reeds.〔优雅地随风飘扬的芦苇〕细节描述之“describe stormy weather〞今天,我们来看看该如何描述风雨交加的天气.1,乌云密布2.劲风恶浪肆虐3.暴雨疾风〔答案见底部〕Keys:1.The sky is overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds.〔乌云密布；黑云压顶〕2.On that dark and stormy night, the waves were crashing and the winds were howling.〔海浪肆意拍打；劲风咆哮〕3.The rain came pouring down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against the house.〔暴风骤雨〕读后续写对话中的常见误区□1废话连篇,无助推动情节开展,刻画人物性格.“Hey, how are you?〞 “I’m fine, how are you?〞“How is the weather?〞 “Terrific! Nice day for a walk, isn,t it?〞评析：这样的对话在现实生活中很真实,但是小说毕竟是艺术加工,无助情节推动的,不能刻画人物性格的日常应酬和偏离文章主线的对话绝对不用.2追求花哨,过度使用对话标签dialogue tags“That is fantastic news,〞 he said happily.评析：此句中完全没有必要加上一个happily来表达说的方式,由于句中的fantastic 一词足以说明说话人了表情,过度强调dialogue tags会让读者的注意力集中在“说话的方式〞而不是“说话的内容〞.建议改为：“That is fantastic news！〞 he said/screamed/exclaimed.〔一个感慨号和一个fantastic 已经足以让读者想象当时的情景.适当的“艺术留白〞也是需要的,这样会留给读者想象的空间.还有一种防止过度的dialogue tags的方法是运用“动作描写〞来取而代之.如：Her eyes reflected the candlelight as she smiled at her son.“Everyone is unique. Just follow your heart and be yourself!〞3用词不当,错误使用对话标签dialogue tags"I can't believe it," Emma gasped."That's hilarious," Henry chuckled.评析：以上两句话也是我在大量的学生习作甚至是范文中发现的.这里把动作描写和dialogue tags混淆了, 试想谁能gasp 〔喘息〕、chuckle 〔轻笑〕出一句话？除非他或她有特异功能.纠正方法如下："I can't believe it," Emma said with a gasp.〔Question tag+ with 介词短语〕Emma gasped. "I can't believe it."〔动作描写+句号〕"I can't believe it." Emma gasped.〔对话句断+动作描写〕"That's hilarious!" Henry chuckled.〔感慨句结束+动作描写〕"That's hilarious," Henry said, chuckling.〔Question tag+分词做伴随状况〕请特别关注以上对话的标点.4多此一举,对话对象十清楚确,仍使用对话标签“I told you already,〞 I said, glaring.评析：此句貌似豪华,其实对话中的主语“1〞已经清楚地说明了说话者,完全没有必要用question tag“I said〞来说明说话对象.纠正方法：加上一点动作描写就可以防止这种错误,并且提升语言的生动性.I glared at him. “I told you already.〞5频用副词,词汇贫乏只会tell不会show“How can you do this？〞she said angrily, looking at me furiously.评析：此句也是貌似,高大上〞,使用了大量副词,并且套用了分词做伴随的句型.任何方面都有度,过之而不及.过度堆砌辞藻会让人生厌,过度使用副词也会让阅卷老师觉得你词汇贫乏,非得用副词才能表达出来. 2大纠正方法：1〕积累相关的show的词汇来防止过度使用副词2〕穿插动作描写辅助对话,刻画人物心情试比拟以下两句：“That,s not what you said yesterday,〞 she said, her voice implying she was withdrawing.“That,s not what you said yesterday.〞She hesitated, turned and walked to the window.评析：两句话粗看都是相当不错.无论从词汇和语法结构的使用似乎都属于上乘之作.但细细琢磨下面这句反而更高一筹.原因是,第一句用了imply和withdraw两词来tell说话者she的心情,而第二句hesitate和后面的动作描写让她的犹豫心情跃然纸上.小说故事要的就是这种show的方式.分析对话实例,揭示对话秘诀Example 1原文内容：作者爸爸在阳台种植康乃馨,悉心呵护,作者一家都非常喜欢这些花.爸妈再三强调不允许作者和他姐姐不能触碰这些花.To our surprise, Dad was mad about it, yelling at us, “ Don,t you know touching is not allowed? Wha t on earth have you done?〞赏析：反义疑问句和on earth的使用增强了语气,凸显了父亲的生气.Example 2原文内容：母亲去世,哥哥外出.父女相约吃饭,引发了女儿对母亲和哥哥的思念,父亲读懂了女儿内心的想法,抚慰女儿.母亲在天堂一定希望他们过得快乐,现在他们需要做的就是珍惜身边的人.Seeing this, my father lovingly held my hands and said to me, “Sweetheart, I believe your mother must want you to live happily, so say goodbye to the past and embrace the present. Your brother and I will always be with you.〞赏析：情感类的对话要求感人,触及内心,这点此对话做的不错.但是小编也要对此对话提出点意见1〕文中的and said to me完全没有必要,由于对话对象非常清楚,肯定和我说.2〕your mother显得太疏远,亲人间相互称呼用Mom即可,更显真实,贴近生活.Example 3原文内容：作者家忽然停电,虽然弟弟觉得停电时间非常无聊,但是作者却非常享受停电时间,享受‘没有现代电子科技带来的干扰〞的宁静片刻.Bzzz! The lights return. " Yeah, no more candles!〞 My mother yells, pulling me away from my fantasy.赏析：对话简洁自然,表达了说话者恢复用电时候的兴奋,对话外面的dialogue tag也很出色,分词的使用既丰富了语言也推动了情节的进一步开展.Example 4原文内容：主人公Jenny通过自身的劳动获得了心爱的项链,形影不离.父亲每日给她讲睡前故事.父亲成心试探女儿,问是否可以把项链给他.Jenny深爱爸爸但不舍自己努力得来的项链.A week later, her father once again asked Jenny after her story. “ Jenny, you love me, don,t you? Give me your pearls, okay? “ Daddy, why must you ask for the pearls?〞 Jenny refused again. “ Not only did I finish all those chores, but also I spent the dollar bill given for my birthday just to pay for it.〞They both fell into silence. Then her father smiled, comforting her with a warm hug. “ That,s okey, darling. Goodnight.〞Several days later, when Jenny,s father came in to read her a story as usual, he was surprised to find something under the story book, which turned out to be the necklace. “ Daddy, now you can have it.〞 Jenny raised her head, “ You know, I love you.〞 Her father was moved beyond words. Slowly, he pulled something out of his pocket. It was a pretty necklace with real pearls shining. “The more you are willing to give, the more you are likely to receive. That,s the real meaning of sharing and giving.〞 Her father h elped Jenny put on the necklace . “ You know, I love you, little one.〞赏析：此文运用了大量的对话,主要是考虑到与前文的协同.大量的父女间的对话穿插一些旁白或动作描写很好地刻画了人物之间的冲突,细腻生动地刻画了人物心情.一般的读后续写不建议用太多的对话.适当的对话可以打破单调,推动情节,刻画人物性格.对于此文中的对话,小编也想提出点个人的意见：1) “ Not only did I finish all those chores, but also I spent the dollar bill given for my birthday just to pay for it.〞此匕句似乎为了使用not only…,but also的倒装句型而写对话,显得很不自然.语句太长反而不能表达小女孩当时的生气.建议改为:“It,s mine! My efforts!〞反而显得简洁自然,同样到达了效果,符合人在生气时候的说话方式：短句！不完整句！2)还有一处标点的使用也有误.请看：Jenny raised her head,此处的逗号要改为句号.只能作为动作描写,而不是question tag.Example 5原文内容：这是一个哲理故事,讲述一位商人儿子去向智者寻找快乐秘诀.智者让年轻人带着两汤勺油绕城一周不能将油洒落.智者待年轻人回来后问他是否欣赏到城堡的美景,年轻人哑口无言.然后智者重新让这年轻人带着两勺油绕城一周,结果……“ But where are the two drops of oil I gave you?〞 asked the wise man. Embarrassed again, the young manapolo gized, “ I had forgotten the sp totally. My only concern was the attractive sights.〞 “ But you have got the happiness.〞 Smiled the wise man...“ But where are the two drops of oil I gave you?〞 asked the wise man. He lowered his head and found that there wa s nothing left in his spoon, astonished and embarrassed. Then the wise man smiled generously, “I don't blame you. I just want you to realize the secret of happiness yourself. Now, could you tell me about your thoughts?〞 The young man thought for a while an d slowly replied, “ the truth of happiness is holding our dreams tightly but never failing to watch the beautiful scenery around us.〞赏析：此文的对话主要是用来揭示故事的寓意,通常出现在故事的末尾.这样的对话一定要写出深度厚度, 才能博得老师的高分.建议可以使用强调句.此文中也有一个标点瑕疵.请看：Then the wise man smiled generously,此句的逗号也要改为句号,作为动作描写穿插其中,而不是question tag.他山石可攻玉|这些“恐惧〞情绪的表达你都用过吗？一篇出自美国初中生的看图说话与2021年6月浙江英语高考“读后续写〞酷似！Write a short story based on the pictures below in not less than 100 words.One weekend, my parents decided to bring my brother and I to the recreational jungle. We were very excited as we had not been there before. My brother and I talked about all the bears, tigers and reindeer we were going to see. We really thought that a recreational jungle was like any other jungle.When we arrived, we dashed into the jungle, wanting to explore its length and breadth. We obediently followed our parents at first but found it boring. Just then, a rabbit rushed out. I screamed in delight and ran after it. My brotherfollowed quickly behind. We kept running, always keeping our eyes on the rabbit. The rabbit got tired of running and decided to hide in its burrow.It was only then that we realized that we did not know where we were. The trees looked unfamiliar and there were no more jungle paths for us to follow. We werescared as we realized that we were lost. Night was approaching and the hooting of the owl sent shivers down our spines. I began to cry as I was feeling tired, hungry and sleepy. My brother comforted me by letting me sleep on his lap. I soon fell asleep dreaming of bears waiting to eat me up.Suddenly, I woke up. My brother was shaking me and telling them to get up. We could hear voices coming our way! We shouted with all our might that we were lost. We soon saw beams of light from countless torches. Then we heard our parents' voices. We were safe! My brother and I ran to our parents and embraced them emotionally. We were so happy to see them again that we vowed we never wanted to be separated from them ever again.Notes：burrow: a hole in the ground dug by an animal such as a rabbit, especially to live in send shivers down sb's spines: to make someone feel very frightened vow: to make a determined decisionStudy the following the following examples and learnhow to show one,s fear Example 1 - Fear:Midnight, and someone pounded on the front door. "Mom? Dad?" Where were they? The movie got out at 11. Molly crawled out of bed and tiptoed downstairs. A shadowy figure showed through the frosted glass in the front door. Fear nibbled at her making her knees wobble.Mom's voice echoed inside her head. "Remember, don't answer the door when we're away." Molly crouched, back pressed against the wall, mouth dry-as-dirt. "Please, go away," her words a choked whisper.Key Words - pounded, crawled, tiptoed, shadowy, fear nibbled, wobble, echoed, crouched, pressed, dry-as-dirt, choked. Comments：1〕例1中大量运用了短句,戏剧性的短句能够增强紧张感2〕这些关键字大局部都是强有力且活泼动词.3〕简短的dialogue有效推动了情节开展,营造了栩栩如生的恐惧的场景.It's Your turn:Example 2- Fear:I can feel the sweat drench my skin, the throbbing of my own eyes, the ringing screams vibrating in my ears, and the thumping of my heart against my chest. My fingers are curled into a fist, nails digging into my palm. I can't hear my rapid breathing, but I can feel the oxygen flooding in and out of my lungs. Hesitantly, my eyes look at the dead corpse before me, the person I killed. Fear tortures my guts, churning my stomach in tense cramps. Fear engulfs my conscience, knocking all other thoughts aside. Fear overwhelms my body,making it drastically exhausted. However, most of all, the fear is making me calm and that is what scares me the most.Key words：Your treasure:Example 3- FearTime passed slowly. Cathy stayed hidden within the darkness, feeling every beat of her heart pounding on the cold stone she lay upon. The wine and ale cellar was as quiet as it was dark, with only one sound to be heard; the sound of her own pulse throbbing in her ears. Suddenly, the serenity of silence surrendered to the deathly scream of hinges, as the door opposite her was slowly pried open. A narrow stream of light gracefully meandered through the room, and a shadow quickly followed.She was scared.Cathy held her breathe, daring not to make a sound. Each second seemed to last an eternity as she lay perfectly still listening to the footsteps of the intruder, which had muted the pounding of her pulse.Key words：Your treasure:恐惧来自自身,最大的恐惧其实就是恐惧本身！口读后续写微技能|如何让你笔下的对话更加准确传神对话〔dialogue〕是故事角色在整个故事中对彼此或对自己说的话.它可以用来揭示人物的性格和个性,它也可以用来推动情节向前开展,并展示情节开展的过程.对话是故事中最重要的元素之一.对话的语言要防止冗长的表达,要防止直接告诉读者而要通过其他手段来展示它们.优秀的对话会让你故事中的人物生动立体,栩栩如生,将推动你的故事进展,使其更有乐趣, 而拙劣的对话将破坏一个好的故事.11.如何准确使用对话中的标点请观察下面的句子.Jack asked, “Do you think it will rain today?〞“I have a new umbrella,〞 explained Emily, “and I am excited to try it out.〞“Why don't you check the weather forecast on your phone?〞 suggested Carly.“It is as simple as the smile on your face,〞 he said.先看一个如何使用标点的视频英语对话标点使用规那么：第一、对话提示词〔Dialogue tags〕“Jack asked,〞/ “explained Emily,〞/ “suggested Carly,"的位置可以放在引用的对话前、中、后三个位置.第二、对话中的逗号,永远在引号里面.对话提示词“某某人说〞构成了整个句子的框架,它和它引用的部分是一个整体,是完整的一个句子.这就解释了很多老师的迷惑,为啥对话有时候引用的对话说完了,但是后面却用逗号.如：“It was as hard as a rock,〞 he said. 但是：He said, “It was as hard as a rock.〞第三、整个对话〔引用局部+对话提示词〕完整的时候,才能使用句号.对话开始首字母大写.如果对话提示词是插在一个完整对话中间的,后面需要用逗号.且后半句话开头首字母要小写.如：“I have a new umbrella,"explained Emily, “and I am excited to try it out.〞Exercise 1：给下面的句子加标点1.There's a fifty percent chance of rain this afternoon, reported Emily.2.Emily asked, Do you think I should take my new umbrella to school?3.Of course you should take it to school, answered Jack.4.If it starts raining, Carly added, you will be nice and dry.5.Emily $4优@演〔尖叫〕,I see dark gray storm clouds rolling in.6.Oh no! exclaimed 〔惊叫〕Jack. Carly and I don't have umbrellas.7.Hooray! yelled 〔喊叫〕Emily. It's finally raining.8.Carly mumbled 〔咕哝地说〕,My hair is getting soaked.9.Would you and Jack like to share my umbrella with me? asked Emily.10.Thank you Emily, said Carly. You're more than just a fair weather friend.2如何让你的对话不平庸对话的关注点就是故事中的角色1〕对谁说了什么话2〕说话的同时在做什么3〕如何说的例1A: "Give me the money," Katherine said.B: "Give me the money," Katherine said, eyes staring at the money on thetable o在高考读后续写的实际操作中,我们更加钟爱B这种句式,既说明了说话对象,又描述了说话的方式,让读者更有画面感.例2"Give me that toy gun ," Tom saidangrily.Lucy grinned, hiding it behind her back.这组对话中的said angrily的使用让整个对话表现平庸.改变这种现状的方法有两种I.换直接告诉的词〔said angrily〕为展示型词汇〔如：shouted/ screamed/ barked〕请看下面视频II.在上下文语境明确的情况下,通过动作和神态描写来代替枯燥乏味的sb. said…〔对话提示语〕.这样处理的好处是：1〕增加表现力生动性2〕防止打断对话的语流.如：Tom slammed the doll on the ground and glared at Lucy, "Give me the toy."Lucy grinned, hiding it behind her back..提示:在读后续写的创作中,尽量少用副词来表述说话人讲话方式〔由于你用了副词那就是tell而不是show〕, 特别是你要主要渲染的场景.让你的对话有趣逼真有画面立体感的是你如何使用show的技能,那就一定要使用一些描绘性的动词.〔他们说了什么话,说话时同时在做什么,以及是如何说的〕拙劣表达："I'm going to the store," Sydney announced happily. "Wanna go with me?"第二个例子中,虽然没有用happily 一词,但是Sydney的快乐的表情是通过动作描写溢于纸面.这样的表达就能博得高考阅卷老师的眼球,从而获得高分.下面的两个例子都是我们需要追求的：“I just don,t know anymore,〞 Mary folded her arms. “I think I,m afraid of you.〞Harry sighed. “I'm sorry,〞He shook his head. “I’m not very good at t his.〞练习2：试比拟体会下面三句话的优劣1.But I don't want to go to sleep yet," hesaid unhappily.2.But I don't want to go to sleep yet," hewhined.3.He stood in the doorway with his hands balled into little fists at his sides. His red, tear -rimmed eyes glared up at his mother. "But I don't want to go to sleep yet."Exercise 3：〔请改写下面的句子使它表达更生动传神〕“I don,t want to see you again,〞 Lily saidtonelessly.“You don,t mean that,〞 Jack saiddesperately.“You're an idiot,〞 Lily saidangrily.对话并不难写.只要记住在任何时候都要生动逼真.在准确的对话格式的前提下,保证你写的所有内容都是展示出来的,不是简单直接地告诉读者在那个场景中发生了什么或者说了什么.省略副词或者不要过度使用副词.这些简单的规那么可以帮助你写出出色的对话.Possible answers for Exercise 3Lily turned away and crossed her arms. “I don,t want to see you again.〞 “You don,t mean that.〞Jack pushed to his feet in a rush.She glared at him. “Y ou,re an idiot.〞读后续写微技能|气氛营造法之一:8大场景描写技能好的读后续写必然要有好的故事气氛.而好的故事气氛要受到多个故事元素的影响:场景、用词选择、对话、独白、语言节奏和修辞法等等.文学中的〔mood〕是一种写作的气氛或普遍基调,它是读者在阅读文本时候的一种情绪体验,也是作者想要给读者营造的一种故事气氛.故事场景是情绪体验的核心因素. 故事的背景和每一个场景的视觉,嗅觉和听觉等其他感官能够营造出一种特定的气氛.今天小编就想从场景描写这个角度来谈谈如何营造〔mood〕.What to write?〔写什么？〕।Where did it take place? When did it happen?Whafs the weather like?What are the social conditions?What is the landscape like? What special details to add?How to write well?〔怎么写？〕Technique 1: Personification 〔拟人〕 Description/purpose:Gives an object the characteristics of a living thing, bringing it to life Examples：The flowers nodded.Snowflakes danced. Thunder grumbled. Fog crept in. The wind howled. The haunted house seemed to stare at me, beckoning me towards the door. Technique 2: simile 〔明喻〕 Description/purpose:Similes likens something to something else giving a more detailed description Examples：The night sky was as dark as the deepest ocean. The stars sparkled like diamonds.The snake moved like a ripple on a pond.Technique 3: metaphor 〔0音喻〕Description/purpose:Metaphors say that something is something else, giving the description more powerExamples：A wave of terror washed over him.Technique 4:Vivid adjectives 生动的形容词〕Description/purpose:To make the story more interesting and vivid by using more imaginative descriptions , sometimes in a list Examples：Gleaming, glistening, whispery flakes of snowTechnique 5: Negative description 〔否认描述〕Description/purpose:To tell the reader what is not there is an effective way of showing how unpleasant, comfortless a place is Examples：There was no cushion, no carpet, no warmth, no light and no comfort.Technique 6: Camera-pan and zoom 〔摄影-全景+放大〕Description/purpose:To use the idea of how a film director works, you can give a wider view then focus in on one detailExamples：From the withering trees he looked past the littered farmyard, across to the decrepit hovel. Its doors hung sadly awry, the handle broken.Technique 7: Nouns for details 〔细节名词〕Description/purpose:Scenes are filled with things that we see and therefore uses lots of nouns, even lists of nouns to convey what is there. Examples：The rooms were crowded with lanterns fastened on oak paneled walls, tableslaid with silver candlesticks and goblets. Technique 8: Senses 〔感官〕Description/purpose:All of our senses become aware in a new situation or place. Your reader needs to know how your character are feeling.Examples：Wafts of salt-laden air were in her nostrils as the skittery sand on her feet led her to the edge of the waves.Good setting description for appreciation 〔佳"景"赏析〕।1.The house smelled musty and damp, and a little sweet, as if it were haunted by the ghosts of long-dead cookies.2.The sun kept dipping down into the ocean and the lights came on at the harbor, casting sudden shadows on the ground, illuminating the faces that were just a second ago silhouettes. The sky was golden and purple, the ocean a darker shade of violet.3.The sun had set, but a faint pastel haze lingered in the mid-summer sky.4.They rolled up the path, tree branches raking the windshield like angry wardens.5.Outside, the air filled with cricket noise, as the sun reddened in its descent.6.A restaurant overlooking a starlit night sprang to my imagination like something out of an illuminated manuscript from the late Middle Ages.7.The moon went slowly down in loveliness; she departed into the depth of the horizon, and long veil-like shadows crept up the sky through which the stars appeared.8.All brightness was gone, leaving nothing. We stepped out of the tent onto nothing. Sledge and tent were there, Estraven stood beside me, but neither he nor I cast any shadow. There was dull light all around, everywhere. When we walked on the crisp snow no shadow showed the footprint. We left no track. Sledge, tent, himself, myself: nothing else at all. No sun, no sky, no horizon, no world.9.Night had fallen fast upon the land. No more than an hour ago the sky was painted with hues of red, orange and pink, but all colour had faded leaving only a matt black canvas with no stars to be looked upon.10.It would be a cold moonless night. The sky was dark and low, the air so chilled it hurt to breathe. Already the ground was laid white with frost and any water that had been liquid under the winter sun had become ice.。
高考英语突击专题：读后续写和概要写作
专题十七读后续写和概要写作A卷一、阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was January 24th. I had finally completed my last radiation treatment. It had been a long journey—eight months in total since my initial diagnosis of breast cancer—and I had been looking forward to this day for a very long time. My husband Casey, who was wearing a pink ribbon on his jacket, was waiting for me in the lobby at Sunnybrook hospital in Toronto. As a symbol to raise people’s awareness of breast cancer, the pink ribbon had become a part of our life. On the way back home, we reflected on the past months and discussed what lay ahead for our family.We arrived home in time to have dinner with our three children—Tyler, elven, Brady, nine, and Eve, six. The kids greeted me with hugs that I think were a little bit tighter and lasted a little bit longer than usual.We were heading to the skating rink (溜冰场) that night. My son Brady had a hockey game and if his Tiger team won, they would move onto the next round. As a typical Canadian hockey mom, I had always loved going to the rink to watch my kids play. But since my diagnosis, the rink and the Tiger players had come to mean even more to me: it was my happy time in those painful months.When we arrived at the rink, we were greeted with warm hellos. You could tell it was a big game as there was a large crowd of Tiger parents gathering in the lobby outside the dressing room. About ten minutes before game time, Brady’s coach came out to the lobby and invited all the parents to come into the dressing room.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
49 读后续写与概要写作的句式变换策略(原卷版)(浙江专用)
备战2022年浙江新高考英语一轮复习考点帮49 读后续写与概要写作的句式变换策略【策略简析】1. 句子形式多样化:根据表达的需求, 可以采用多种句式, 这样既能恰当表达, 又能避免形式单一输入经典①They were so heavy that we couldn’t lift them at first. (so. . . that. . . 句型)②There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. (同位语从句)输出佳句① In recent years, more and more people start to protect our environment, which makes our environment more and more colorful.→In recent years, with more and more people starting to protect our environment, our environment is becoming more and more colorful. (with复合结构)→Nowadays, there are so many people who start to protect our environment that our environment is becoming more and more colorful. (there be 句式)②If you study hard, you will make rapid progress.→Study hard and you will make rapid progress. (并列句)2. 使用非谓语动词形式, 句子凝练高端输入经典①After learning it, I’ m sure I’ll have a better understanding of the differences and similarities between Chinese culture and Western culture.②On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.输出佳句①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (非谓语动词)→She walked out of the lab, followed by many students.②They sang and laughed as they went back to school. (非谓语动词)→They went back to school, singing and laughing.3. 运用定语从句, 增加细节, 填补内容输入经典①Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.②I am eager to invite you to join our team for the upcoming event, in which you will demonstrate your ability and make acquaintance with more friends with the same interest.输出佳句①You’d better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes it easy for you to go through the class(使你容易通过这门课).②Besides, there will be a lot of useful and interesting activities, from which you can have a clearer picture of Chinese culture(从中你对中国文化会有更清晰的认识).③I have found a flat for you on Fangcao Street near Jianxin Chinese school. It is on the third floor with three rooms, one of which is bedroom(其中一个是卧室), and the other two are bathroom and kitchen.4. 巧用倒装, 增强句子的表现力输入经典①Not only will our club’s works be displayed, but we also have a valuable set of paper-cutting created by a famous artist of this field.②Not only did you help improve my English, but you also gave me more confidence in learning.③Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.输出佳句①Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (倒装)→Weak as/though I am, I’ll make the effort.②He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (倒装)→No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.5. 恰当使用强调句, 增强说服力输入经典①It is you who taught me how to learn English well.②It was on Friday that our activity began.输出佳句①He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (强调句)→It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.②It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.6. 自如应用各种名词性从句, 精彩纷呈输入经典①If you are interested in what I have stated above, sign up on our school website before September 1st.②That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.输出佳句①To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (主语从句)→What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.②I have just found that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon(我那天下午得参加一个重要会议).7. with or without精彩点缀, 妙不可言输入经典①Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.②Without any hesitation, we began to work.输出佳句①As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim(没有清晰可达到的目标) is like sailing without a compass.②I can’t thank you enough for your generous help, without which I couldn’t have made such great progress(没有这些帮助我不能获得这么大的进步).8. 巧用副词, 充分表情达意输入经典①I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you.②I genuinely hope that you can squeeze some time for our festival and have fun with us.输出佳句①She patiently(仔细地) explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.②We were perfectly(完全地) satisfied with the result of the experiment.9. 语气委婉而中肯, 易于接受输入经典①If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.②I sincerely hope you can set aside some time for the art feast.输出佳句①I wonder if you could tell me(你能否告诉我) what books I need to read and the requirements of my homework.②What do you think of it? Are you satisfied with it? If not, please tell me as quickly as possible(请尽快告诉我).【拓展运用】1．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
高考英语专题复习：读后续写+概要写作 答题技巧指导
高考英语专题复习：读后续写+概要写作答题技巧指导读后续写答题技巧指导读后续写是随着我国高考改革由教育部考试中心研制的英语高考新题型，2016 年10 月在浙江省首次使用。
该题型通过读写结合，检测学生的英语书面语言理解与表达能力。
要求学生能够梳理故事文体的结构、分析故事发展的线索、想像故事发展的情节以及续写故事的发展和结局。
2020年山东省高考英语卷准备首次采用读后续写题型。
读后续写考题，“提供一段350 词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容和所给段落开头语进行续写（150 词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文”。
从试题结构看，读后续写评价的是书面理解能力和书面表达能。
因此，在写作之前，首先读懂文本，理清故事情节，然后构思故事的发展和结局。
下面介绍一下读后续写的答题技巧：一．写作思路主要按照以下四个步骤来写：第一步：通读文本，提取线索词和信息句，写出每段段落大意。
第二步：根据文本每段内容，结合所给续写部分的首句，构思完整的故事情节。
第三步：根据续写部分所提供的首句，写出续写部分每段的段落大意，围绕续写部分的段落大意进行合理的细节描写。
第四步：润色成篇。
1二．写作过程展示阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
续写的词数应为150左右。
It was somewhere between spring and summer that my mom and I were driving through the countryside. Back then I was 13 years old and always felt unhappy with Mom. But little did I know that this trip was going to be a special one.A pot of flowers sat in the back seat, whose heavenly scent filled the car. Suddenly, in the middle of nowhere, my mom pulled over. “What are you doing?”I cried, fearing that the car had broken down and we’d be stuck there, so far from home. But that wasn’t the case. My mom hopped out of the car, grabbing the flowers from the back seat. “It’ll just be a minute,”she called back through the open windows.My eyes impatiently skimmed the edge of the road before settling on a little sign showing that it was a nursing home (养老院). I looked back at the building, somewhat annoyed, as my mom reappeared, empty-handed.Before she started the car, curiosity drove me to ask, “Do you know anyone there?”She shook her head. “Then what did you do with the flowers?”She smiled slightly, “I gave them to the receptionist (接待员).”“What?”She laughed at my confusion. “I told the receptionist to give the flowers to whoever needed them, especially those who haven’t gotten any.”2I kept silent for a moment. Not long after we continued our driving, I spoke again, “Did you leave your name?”To this she answered instantly, “No. Leaving flowers there for someone who will appreciate them makes me feel good, which is enough.”Suddenly, still thinking about Mom’s deeds, I heard something burst loudly. It was our car that broke down! Nothing could be worse, because neither my mom nor I understood how to repair it, and we didn’t know where the garage (汽车修理厂) was. It also seemed impossible to wait for any passerby, since we had seen so few along the way.Paragraph 1：We were worrying about what could be done.Paragraph 2:As we drove along, a flower shop came into sight.【写作思路】第一步：通读文本，提取线索词和信息句，写出每段段落大意。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 续写加概要精品练习
Lesson 1 The unexpected guest on the mountainTarget vocabulary 目标词汇cougar large American feline resembling a liongrasp hold firmlyfist the hand with the fingers closed in tightlyhowl cry loudly, as of animalsclaw sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptilesswing move repeatedly backward and forward or from side to side from a fixed pointstab push a knife or sharp object into one’s bodyReading passage 阅读文章Question: Why did Jeb decide to interact with the cougar?Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too. Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom, no” shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar’s claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye, Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his father’s bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, and stabbed the cougar’s back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.Reading comprehension 阅读理解1. Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight.B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy.D. To cool down.2. What do we know about cougars?A. They are afraid of noises.B. They hesitate before they hit.C. They are bigger than we think.D. They like to attack running people.3. How did Jeb try to hold the cougar’s attention?A. By keeping shouting and hitting.B. By making a wall out of his arms.C. By throwing himself on the cougar.D. By swinging his fists at the cougar’s eyes.4. Which of the following happened first?A. The cougar jumped from the rock.B. Tom struggled free of his father.C. Jeb asked Tom to get the knife.D. Jeb held Tom across his body.Summary writing 摘要写作1. What’s the relationship between Jeb and Tom?2. What did Jeb and Tom see lying on a rock as they were walking through the mountains?3. Why did Jeb pull his jacket open?4. Did Jeb hold Tom across his body in the shape of a cross or not?5. Why did Tom start running?6. Why did the cougar forget about Tom?7. What were Jeb and the cougar doing on the ground?8. Did Tom come back to help his father or not?9. What did Tom get out of the bag?10. Did Tom stab the cougar in the back or not?11. Where did the cougar run?_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Occasion describing 场景描写Jeb and Tom were walking up a mountain ________________________________________They stopped on the path to ________________________________________________________Tom noticed_____________________________________________________________________They came together to_____________________________________________________________Tom got scared and began to _______________________________________________________A few seconds later_______________________________________________________________Jeb began to fight________________________________________________________________The cougar had its claws in________________________________________________________Tom ran back to_________________________________________________________________Then__________________________________________________________________________Story development 读后续写Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too. Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom, no” shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar’s claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye, Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his father’s bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar’s back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.After the cougar ran off, Jeb looked down at his clothes and ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Jeb and Tom got out of the car and __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Structure imitation 结构模仿1. Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it._________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________2. But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________3. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________Lesson 1 The unexpected guest on the mountainAnswer:To protect his son who ran when he saw the cougar.Reading comprehension 阅读理解1—4BDADSummary writing 摘要写作Tom and Jeb saw a cougar laying on a rock as they were walking through the mountains. First, Tom pulled open his jacket to make himself look bigger and then held Jeb across his body in the shape of a cross to intimidate the cougar. Tom got scared and started to run away so Jeb through himself onto the cougar to distract him. Jeb and the cougar began to fight until Tom came back to help his father by grabbing a knife out of the bag. Tom stabbed the cougar in the back causing the cougar to run away into the mountains.Occasion describing 场景描写Tom and Jeb were walking up a mountain as they do every time they visit the national park. They stopped on the path to take a picture together at the lookout point. All of a sudden, Tom noticed a sleeping cougar lying on the rocks beside them. The cougar suddenly awoke startled and just looked at Tom and Jeb. They came together to make themselves bigger in order to intimidate the cougar. Tom got scared and began to run away down the mountain. A few seconds later, the cougar jumped down off his rock towards Tom but Jeb stepped in its path. Jebbegan to fight the cougar in order to save his son. The cougar had its claws in Jeb’s arms while Jeb called to Tom for help. Tom ran back to the scene and grabbed the knife out of his bag. Then Tom gave the knife to Jeb who stabbed the cougar in the back.Story development 读后续写After the cougar ran off, Jeb looked down at his clothes and… was shocked to see them all bloody. “The cougars claws must have penetrated my skin when it attacked me.” Jeb said to Tom. “Yes, unfortunately I think you need to go to the hospital.” Jeb and Tom walked carefully back down the mountain until they reached their car. Jeb was bleeding from his arms and fists so he drove to the nearest hospital.Tom and Jeb got out of the car… and walked inside of the hospital. The nurse asked, “What happened to you?” “I got attacked by a cougar on the mountain. I had to defend myself so I stabbed the cougar in the back with a knife.” “Oh dear, well let me get a doctor to help you.” The doctor came and stitched up Jeb and told him to be careful next time they go hiking.Structure imitation 结构模仿1. Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it.a. Wandering in the street, Tom caught sight of his ex- girl- friend before she saw him.b. Lying in the sun on a beach, they found about two hours had passed before they realized it.c. “Hey, do you see that man lying in the sun on a rock?” “No.” “Oh, I thought it was you before I got here.”2. But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.a. He is the last person to whom I think you can turn in time of trouble.b. While she was the last person I want to see, I did all in my power to help her.c. Mowing the lawn is the last thing I have to do before I can watch TV.3. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb wasmaking out of his arms.a. He sent me an email, trying to apologize.b. John Snow worked hard, trying to discover the cause of cholera.c. My colleague was reading the instructions carefully, trying to find a way to fix the crack without replacing theentire windshield.。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 近几年浙江高考续写和概要真题
近几年浙江高考真题读后续写划线关键词语三、命题揭秘读后续写要求考生在理解一篇不完整文章的基础上，充分调动想象创新思维，大胆预测文章缺失部分的内容走势，进行充满个性色彩的设计，并用英语进行续写表达。
所提供短文词数在350左右，划线词语涉及到名词(词组)、动词(词组)、介词(词组)和形容词等，其中，以名词(词组)为主，在续写中至少要使用5个关键词语，需要注意：在使用关键词语时根据时态和语态的需要，可以改变动词的形式，可以改变名词的单复数，但不要改变关键词语在原文中的含义和词性；多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但故事线索的逻辑性比较强。
1.创造性：即发挥想象力，该题型具有一定的开放性，考生需用自己的语言对故事情节进行内容创造；2.逻辑性：即根据已提供的关键信息，按照可能的合理的方向续写，使文章逻辑结构完整；3.丰富性：即语言能力的充分体现，词汇句法的准确与复杂程度，细节描写的生动性等都将让故事更加立体饱满。
概要写作要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要，写出文章的中心大意。
所提供短文词数在350左右；所选材料体裁没有限制，以议论文、说明文为主。
1.简洁性：即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述；2.自主性：即用自己的话语进行概写，避免对原文进行抄袭照搬；3.理解性：即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。
需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句；4.忠实性：即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改；5.连贯性：概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。
写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
四、真题练析题目类型：读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
(2018年6月浙江卷) It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm,”he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feedthe chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don’t be late for supper,”Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!”“OK!”my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
高二英语写作训练12日记 读后续写 概要写作
高二英语写作训练12.日记+读后续写+概要写作1. 这个周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。
请将这件事用英文以日记形式记述下来。
介绍这次活动，内容包括：1. 农场情况；2. 采摘过程；3. 个人感受注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 题目已为你写好。
题目：My WeekendMonday，February 18 Fine【参考范文】My WeekendMonday，February 18 FineWe took part in a picking activity this weekend. We drove from the school, and the farm was about 2 kilometers away from our school. When we arrived at the farm, there were all kinds of animals, green fresh vegetables and fruit trees in the farm. We were divided into two groups. One group was responsible for picking fruits, the other picked up the fruits. Time flying quickly, we know how hard the farmers are and how precious the food is. We should treasure the food planted by the farmers.【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇日记，记录这个周末和同学参加的一次采摘活动。
第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。
结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 读后续写技巧指导
读后续写技巧指导一、总体分析读后续写要求考生在阅读一段350 词以内的语言材料的基础上，根据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150 词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
续写部分分为两段。
原文给出10 个左右的标有下划线的关键词语，所续写短文应使用5 个以上（教育部考试中心，2015）。
1. 原文特点《考试说明》虽未对读后续写材料的体裁做出明确说明，但根据所附的样题和自2016 年10 月首考至今的4 份真题来看，所提供的阅读材料一般是记叙文。
记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。
它的主要的表达方式是叙述和描写，也常辅以适当的抒情、议论和说明。
记叙文的特点是通过生动形象的事件来反映生活并表达作者的思想情感，它的中心思想蕴含在具体材料中，通过对人、事、物的生动描写来表现。
它的话题贴近生活，有一定趣味性，给学生的想象空间较大，上下文连贯性较强，结构清晰，语言难度较易把握。
2. 如何审题、谋篇、行文续写之前，首先应当审读原文，对故事内容进行把握和理解。
通过阅读，能判断文本的写作顺序（如时间先后顺序、地点变换顺序或情节发展顺序等），能找出故事的基本要素（如时间、地点、人物、事件等），能厘清文本的脉络和情节的发展，并据此对提供的文本内容进行归纳概括。
在审读原文的基础上，考虑如何对续写进行谋篇。
谋篇是对文本深入分析思考的过程。
分析文本中主人公的性格特点，思考人与人之间，人与社会间，人与自然间和人与自我之间的矛盾冲突，分析故事的起因和发展，思考和推断可能继续发展的方向，分析划线关键词和续写两段的段首句，思考具体的情节展现故事的高潮并合理结尾。
审题、谋篇的最终目的是要落实到续写上来。
读后续写的行文是对文本进行续写和完善的过程。
在内容上，要关注预设情节的逻辑性、合理性和思想性，要展现故事的主题、思想或哲理。
在语言上，要回看、体会并模仿原文的语言风格，以人物的动作、语言、心理描写为主，辅之以外貌和神态描写以及环境描写。
专题16 读后续写和概要写作-高一英语写作指导(人教2019必修1-2)
专题16读后续写和概要写作读后续写和概要写作都是在阅读理解的基础上完成写作，旨在考查考生的语言综合运用能力，阅读能力和写作能力缺一不可。
读后续写一、读后续写设题特点读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查考生的语言综合运用能力。
所提供的语言材料以故事类记叙文为主。
读后续写除要求考生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重考查考生在内容构思和情节衔接方面的能力。
二、读后续写基本要求：提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语，将其发展成一篇（150词左右）与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
三、读后续写评分总则1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：①与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；②内容的丰富性；③应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；④上下文的连贯性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对阅读的影响程度予以考虑。
6. 如书写较差以致影响阅读，可将分数降低一个档次。
四、读后续写解题策略1. 读懂原文，抓住故事主线读后续写要求所续写的短文分两段，词数应为150左右，所以考生在构思时尽量把续写内容平均分配在两段中，文字量各占50%左右，两段版面要安排合理，避免头重脚轻或头轻脚重。
2. 使用描述性的语言读后续写基本上是对故事类型的记叙文续写，因此考生要尽量学会使用描述性的语言，用恰当的形容词来形容周围的环境，描写人物的心理，用具体的动词来表述人物的动作，描写性语言要服务于故事情节。
3. 留足答题时间要合理分配好各题型的作答时间，给读后续写部分留出充足的答题时间(不少于30分钟为宜)，以免造成最后时间来不及，没能完成写作任务的遗憾。
4. 保持卷面整洁考生在答题时一定要养成保持卷面整洁、书写工整的好习惯。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 续写真题讲解
Once upon a time, there was a beautiful town and a couple of lovers would often stay on the top of the mountain, enjoying the sunrise and by the sea appreciating the sunset. Everyone who knew them couldn't help envying them and praying for their happy love.One day the man was seriously injured and lying in hospital for many days without any consciousness. The woman guarded him by the bed in daytime calling his name nonstop and at night, she would go to the church and pray to God until her tears ran out.but she still never gave up. Finally, God was so moved by her persistence(like to do her a special favor.God said, “I can help your lover recover quickly on condition that you promise to be a butterfly for three years. Do you agree with that deal?” She said excitedly and firmly, “Yes, I do! Never will I regret doing that.”The next day, the woman was transformed into a butterfly, flying hurriedly to the hospital. It turned out that the man came to his consciousness and woke up, talking with a doctor. She could not hear what they were talking about because she couldn't fly into the room. What she could do was to watch her beloved through the windows helplessly.Another spring came and the butterfly was in a hurry to fly back to see the man, only to find that there was a pretty lady standing by him. At that moment she was so shocked that she almost fell down from the sky. She could hardly believe her eyes. It was said that the man was seriously ill during Christmas and that the pretty female doctor took care of him and that finally they fell in sweet love. The man seemed to be as happy as before...The butterfly felt heartbroken. In the following days, she often saw the man take the woman to the top mountain to enjoy the sunrise and to the seaside to appreciate the sunset. All these should have belonged to her. But now they belonged to another woman.1. 所续写的短文词数应为150左右；2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为二段，每段的开头语已经为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
专题06 书面表达--读后续写或概要写作(第04期)(解析版)
2021 届高三百所名校好题速递分项汇编（4）之书读后续写或概要写作【2021 届广东省仲元中学、中山一中等七校联合体高三上学期第一次联考】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。
Haagen-Dazs (哈根达斯雪糕) from Europe started in 1989 and is 5-10 times more expensive than regular ice cream. There is no real advantage. However, it adopted a unique marketing strategy, and quickly occupied the market as a top ice cream brand.Haagen-Dazs did not set up shops in ordinary supermarkets or grocery stores. Haggen-Dazs leisure fashion shops are located in busy sections of malls. The layout is carefully planned to create an elegant atmosphere, and sometimes, a flagship (旗舰) store will cost several million dollars.Compared to other ice cream brands, Haagen-Dazs consumers are tightly grouped. It is understood that Haagen-Dazs seldom does television advertising. The majority of ads have the highly visual impact of the print medium. In particular many advertisements look for those pyramid tip consumers. Moreover, as long as the consumer who spends 500 Yuan to fill in a small form can become their members, these members will be regularly sent advertisements by direct mail. Praise of customers is a powerful weapon for Haagen Dazs.There is always much creative ingenuity (独出心裁) in Haagen-Dazs advertising, so it is remembered by the public. Initial advertisements such as: ''Delicious Haagen-Dazs, like 24K gold, Kobe beef from Japan, original palm oil, mushroom truffles and Chinese ceramics…'' and ''Love her, let her eat Haagen-Dazs. '' attracted numerous Haagen-Dazs lovers who became regulars.Today, Haggen Dazs has about 700 stores in 55 countries with annual sales of more than 1 billion US dollars. Haagen-Dazs has become the world’s most popular ice cream brand. In the United States, its market share is 6.1%, 1% in France, 4.6% in Japan, 4% in Singapore, and 5% in Hong Kong.Determined to win the majority of wealthy customers, they combined positioning in the marketplace with dedicated brand goals. This is the real secret of success.【答案】Haagen-Dazs has become the most popular ice cream for its distinctive marketing strategy. (要点1)One reason is that its shops are often situated in busy malls. (要点2)Another factor lies in its print advertisements with an excellent visual effect especially targeting consumers with great purchasing power. (要点3)Besides, the creativity in the advertisements also creates an impressive image. ( 要点4)In a word, adopting a unique marketing strategy has contributed to the brand's worldwide popularity. (要点5)【解析】这是一篇概要写作。
2020版高考英语二轮复习专题五书面表面达“应用文写作读后续写概要写作”(一)(含解析)
“应用文写作＋读后续写”强化练(一)(限时：40分钟)Ⅰ.应用文写作假定你是某外语特色学校的高三学生李华，临近毕业，受学生会邀请在全校师生大会上发言。
请用英语写一篇演讲稿，要点如下：1．简单回顾过去；2．表示感谢；3．展望未来。
注意：1.词数80左右；2．开头已给出，不计入总词数；3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Good morning, everyone!参考范文：Good morning, everyone!I'm honored to make a speech here. During the past three years, we have experienced a lot. I still remember the moment when we first stepped into this school with passion and hope and the moment we cried for our failures in exams, rebuilt our faith in our struggles and cheered our success in competitions. We were not alone and we were backed up by our parents, teachers and friends. Thank you for all your support and encouragement.Graduation is a beginning rather than an end. A better life is waiting for us in the future!That's all, thank you.Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was a Saturday afternoon. The color of the sky was changing, first light gray, then dark gray, and finally dark and dense. The wind was blowing heavily, and the trees were swaying in the strong wind. It began to rain cats and dogs. Soon, the road was filled with puddles from the rain.On such a stormy afternoon, my mother took my fiveyearold brother,_Christopher, and me to a new big toy store she had read about in the new spaper. “So many toys，” the advertisement had shouted in full and flashy color, “that we had to get a hugewarehouse to fit them all！”Christopher and I couldn't have been more excited. We ran across the parking lot, through the cold and biting rain, as fast as our little legs could carry us. We left our mother outside to battle with the frustrating umbrella, which never worked when she wanted it to. “Christine! Take care of your young brother！” Mother shouted at the top of her voice.“Christine! I'm going to find the Lego sect ion (乐高积木区)! There's a new pirate_ship I want, and I have four dollars! Maybe I can buy it！” Christopher exclaimed and ran off excitedly. I only half heard him. I took a right turn and, to my wideeyed delight, found myself in the midst of the Barbie (芭比) World.I was studying a Barbie and doing some simple math in my head when suddenly an earthshaking clap of thunder roared from the storm outside. I jumped at the noise, dropping the doll to the floor. The lights flickered (闪烁) once and died, covering everything in a blanket of blackness. Thunder continued to shake the sky and lightning illuminated the store for seconds, casting frightening shadows on my mind.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
读后续写和概要写作
新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作，怎样科学备考？概要写作题型特点概要写作（summary），《牛津高阶英语词典》（第8 版）对它的定义如下:“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。
也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文，也可称之为摘要。
这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：客观性：概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。
考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。
需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。
简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。
概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。
连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。
写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。
写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
分析把握评分原则《考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条：本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分；评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
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6. 主动句和被动句互换
Robert Baker, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.
Two experiments were carried out by a psychologist.
描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象
√ 说明文
+性质功用+利好”； 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。
exposition 即“问题+解决方法”；
介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即
“现象+原因+结果”
√ 议论文
论点+论据(+结论)
argumentation
2. 消减事例 （尽量减少实事，大胆省略实事）
3. 省略细节
How to writing a good summary?
A. 定位 find out the essential information B. 改写 rewrite the information in your own
words C. 核查 check the sentences and add some
What is “summary”?
• A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition.
概要是一篇较长文章本质思想的简洁重 述，它要求用尽量少的语言对原文的主旨 进行复述。概要不是简单的换句话说，更 不是评论，而是作者思想中最基本部分的 准确再现。
2.把短语变为单词 Cleaning away dirt is good to health.
CleaninBiblioteka away dirt benefits health.
3.使用广义词(general words)代替具体词 (specific words)
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and some textbooks.
B. 改写
在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式 的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现 大规模的改变。
改写过程中，原则上字 数不超过原句，不改变 原文的逻辑结构，充分 考虑语句压缩。
1. 使用近义词或反义词
study
if
To research whether such a “sixth sense”
4. 有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使完成的概
要结构紧凑。
structure (结构)
right spelling, proper punctuation
all the key points grammar, vocabulary
a good summary
tight and coherent(连贯) your own words about 60-80 words
conjunctions
A.定位
通过阅读定位语篇的核心信息，包括核心单词，核心短语 和核心句子。 （句子为主，以单词和短语为辅）
1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
types
key information
记叙文 narration
人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展 +结果）
really exists, Robert Baker performed two
experiments.
carried out/ did/made
Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment as a journalist.
Zhou Yang will remember his first task as a reporter.
7.基本句型间灵活转换
Dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.
S+V+P
S+V+O
Dirt on the skin could protect people from getting ill.
8. 特殊句式（强调句，倒装句，there be） 和正常语序句式的转化 To research whether such a “sixth sense” really exists, Robert Baker, …
essential information
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of English in 1546.
She brought home a lot of books and magazines.
4.消除重复 He didn’t like the city. He hated it.
He disliked the city.
5. 把直接引语的主要信息变为间接引语
The boss said to him, “ Till you’re more experienced you can cover a story.” The boss said that with more experience he could cover news.
How to get a high mark?
《考试说明》中评分标准规定概要写 作阅卷时按5个档次给分，其中最高档次第 五档（21-25points）：
1. 理解准确，涵盖全部要点；contents (内容)
2. 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；
3. 完全使用自己的语言；language skills (语言)