美国文学史复习要点整理【手动】

美国文学史整理

一、Colonial America 殖民时期

1、New England : Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and

Conn ecticut.

2、Doctri nes of Purita nism 清教

American Puritanism stressed predestination （命运神定）,original sin （原罪）, total depravity （彻底的堕落）,and limited atonement （_________________ 有限的赎罪）from God '

grace.

3、Writing style : fresh, simple and direct and with a touch of nobility ；the

rhetoric is pla in and hon est.

4、Life_style __ :hard_work,_thrift,_piety,_and_sobriety. _______

5、Main writer: ① Thomas Pai ne 托马斯•潘恩

work : Com mon Sense （1776）《常识》

American Crisis （1776-1783）《美国危机》

The Rights of Man 《人权》

The Age of Reason 《理性时代》

②Benjamin Fran kli n （本杰明•富兰克林）

Poor Richard's Almanac 《穷查理历书》

Autobiography《富兰克林自传》

Richard Steele>

③Thomas Jefferson 托马斯•杰弗逊

Declarati on of In depe ndence （1776）《独立宣言》

二、American Romanticism （early period）浪漫主义前期

1、C haracteristics :

① A rebellio n aga inst the objectivity of rati on alism.

反对理性主义的客观性。

②Feeli ngs, in tuiti ons and emoti ons were more importa nt for roma ntics tha n reas on

and com mon sen se.

感受、直觉和情感重于理性和常识。

③An emphasis on in dividualism; placi ng the in dividual aga inst the group, aga inst

authority.

强调个人主义，将个人与团体，反对权威。

④Stress on the close relati on ship betwee n man and n ature.

强调人与自然之间的密切关系。

⑤Fascination with the wild, the irregular, the indefinite, the remote, the mysterious, and the stra nge

疯狂的迷恋，不规则，不定,远程,神秘,奇怪

⑥Cherish ing a strong in terest in the past, especially the medieval. 对过去有强烈的兴趣，特别是中世纪。

2、Features : New experienee in the American Romanticism. A deep in flue nee from the America

n Purita ni sm. The new ness" of the America ns as a n ati on.

3、writers and works:

①Henry Wadsworth Lon gfellow

A Psalm of Life (1838)

The_Sketch_Book_(1819-1820)_ “The_Lege

nd_of_Sleepy一Hollow

“ Rip Van Win kle "

(The cog nomen of Crane was not in applicable to his pers on …..)

Bracebridge Hall (1822) 《布雷斯布里奇田庄》

Tales of a Traveller (1824) 《旅客谈》

③James_Fennimore_Cooper __ 詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库柏

Leather-stock in g Tales

The Pion eer

The Prairie

The Spy

三、New England Transcendentalism (新英格兰超验主义)

1、Over-soul_ (超灵)~was_ an_all-pervading _________ p ower_goodness,_omnipresent and omnipotent.(_简答)_

In dividualism in dividual was the most importa nt

a fresh view of n ature symbolic of the Spirit or God.

2、writers and works:

① Ralph Waldo Emerson 艾默生

Nature(1836)《论自然》

<节选：Standing on the bare ground, —my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into space, —all mean egotism vani shes. I become a tran spare nt eyeball; I amnothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or

parcel of God.>

The American Scholar (1837) Divinity School Address (1838) Self-Reliance (1841) Represe ntative Men (1850) The Tran sce nden talist

《论美国学者》

《神学院演说》

《论自助》

《代表人物》

《超验主义者》

亨利•瓦兹沃思•朗费罗《人生礼赞》

Voices of the Night (1839)

The Song of Hiawatha (1855)

The Courtship of Miles Sta ndish (1858) Tales of a Wayside Inn (1863)

②Wash in gton Irving 华盛顿•欧文《夜吟》

《海华沙之歌》

《迈尔斯•斯坦迪什的求婚》

《路边客栈的故事》

；Father of the America n short story>

《见闻札记》

《睡谷的传说》

《瑞普•凡•温克尔》

《皮袜子故事集》《拓荒者》

《大草原》《间谍》