高中英语非谓语-V ing用法详解
非谓语动词---V.-ing

归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有:
It is a waste of time doing… It is/was no good/no use/using doing… It is fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time doing…
There is no sense in doing… 做…没有道理 There is/was no point (in)doing… 做…无意义
非谓语动词分为三种形式:
不定式 V-ing分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)
过去分词
非谓语动词的语法功能:
所能充当 的成分
宾语 主 表 宾 定 (主语) 语 语 语 语 补足语
● ●
插入语 (独立 成分)
●
V- 现在 ●[ ing 分词[ 形 动名 ● ● ● 式 词 不定式 ● ● ● (to do) 过去分词 (done) ●
他没来,使在场的每个人都很失望。
Not having studied 11. ______________________ his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
重难点:
动名词的复合结构 名词所有格或形容词性物主代词后加动名词,构成动名词的 复合结构。在其前加上逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者,
be busy doing, can’t help doing 忍不住
4. 用主动表被动的特定词组 sth. needs/ requires/wants doing
(3) V.+ doing/ V.+ to do :
① 动词本身意义不变,跟不定式和动名词意义不同
非谓语v-ing

动词-ing形式的语法功能 (一)作主语
1. Seeing is believing 2. Collecting information 3. It is no use sitting here waiting 4. quarrelling with her 5. arguing with him
BCBDD ACBDC ADBDA DADBC CDCCD BCAAA DBCBA DBAFE
三、作状语
(一)时间状语 1. Hearing 2. walking 3. crossing 4. Having finished 5. Having been built (二)原因状语 1. Being 2. Not having received 3. Not knowing 4. As/ Since we are (三) 方式,伴随状语 1. talking and laughing 2. staring at the sky for a long time 3. not daring to say a word 4. telling me to change my job
1. hit / being hit 2. pulling 3. burning 4. smoking 5. calling 规则3 find, watch, feel, notice, observe, look at 6.standing 7. working 8. using 9. running 规则4 keep, leave, make, have, let
一、 作定语
非谓语动词包括v-ing形式讲解

不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
He had no money and no place to live (in). 他没钱,也没有安居之所。
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作
的承受者时,不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态,
但其含义有所不同。试比较: Have you got anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Have you got anything to be sent?
(2)不定式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。
To learn English well,he needs a good dictionary. 为了学好英语,他需要一本好词典。(而不能说:To learn English well,a good dictionary is needed.)
(2009· 天津高考)
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the
Olympic Games. 她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。
③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式,常见的有: ability,chance,idea,fact,excuse,promise,answer,
the project in time,the staff
were working at weekends. pleting C.To have completed 选 B.Having completed D.To complete
句意:为了使项目及时完工,全体员工周
末都在加班。不定式一般式作目的状语。故选D。
The book is difficult to understand.这本书难于理解。
V-ing的用法

V-ing形式是英语中非谓语动词的一种,它在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
一、V-ing形式作主语表示泛指意义的行为。
谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
如:Saving money is a good habit.二、V-ing形式作宾语1. 有些动词后常跟V-ing形式作宾语,常见的有finish,practice,enjoy,suggest,keep,mind,advise等。
如:A young man practiced speaking English with Mr. Green just now.2. 有些动词词组或某些结构后常跟V-ing形式,常见的有give up,look forward to,feel like,pay attention to,put off,succeed in,be / get used to,can‘t help,be interested in,be afraid of,be busy等。
如:He gave up smoking in the end.注意:1. 某些动词后既可跟动词不定式,也可跟V-ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同,常见的有remember to do sth. (记住去做某事),remember doing sth. (记得做过某事);forget to do sth. (忘记去做某事),forget doing sth.(忘记做过某事);stop to do sth. (停下来去做另一件事),stop doing sth (停止做某事);try to do sth.(尽力做某事),try doing sth.(尝试做某事)等。
2. 还有一些动词后面既可跟动词不定式,也可跟V-ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思无多大区别,常见的有love,like,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue等。
三、V-ing形式作宾语补足语通常表示动作正在进行,能带这类结构的动词多为感官动词(如see,watch,hear等)以及某些使役动词(如keep,get 等)。
高中英语语法-V+ing用法详解(共48张PPT)

分词做表语说明主语的性质,特征,主语和表语不可交换
位置。
Practice: 1)Learning is my duty.
动名词做表语
2)The news is encouraging. 现在分词做表语
4. 作定语
a. the laughing audience / an amusing story
③doing和to do皆可,意义 区别很大
④doing和to do皆可,意义 区别不大
①以下动词须用doing 做宾语 1)记忆口诀: 对应单词: 双P延期 两建议 postpone, put off, suggest, advise
否认 错过了 练习 deny, miss, practice
考虑 完成 不耽搁 consider, finish, delay
regret to do sth 对马上要发生的事抱歉、 遗憾,常和say, tell, inform 等词连用。 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事。
4) I did not mean to hurt you.
That means giving up my job. mean to do sth.: 有……的意图,打算,想 mean doing sth.: 意味着…… 5) He stopped to sing.
4. * I will never forgetg_o_i_n_g______(go) to
Beijing with him last summer.
* I forgott_o_t_e_ll____(tell) her the news;
so she knew nothing about it.
3. 作表语
V-ing 的非谓语动词用法

V-ing 的非谓语动词用法教师版(2011-01-06 11:46:07)转载标签:杂谈V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。
现将其可以充当的句子成分列表对照如下:一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。
如:1. 作主语、表语动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。
如:Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气.(主语)Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。
(表语)2. 作宾语动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。
如:Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?3. 作定语动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。
如:Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。
二、V-ing作现在分词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。
如:1. 作定语现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。
单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。
如:The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。
(完整版)非谓语动词V-ing的用法小结.docx

动名词做主语、宾语精讲精练一、动名词做主语的用法动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。
如:Painting is his hobby .绘画是他的爱好。
Talking mends no holes .空谈无济于事。
动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样,也可以用it 作形式主语。
如:It is no use talking without doing.光说不做没有用。
不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。
如:It's so hot .What I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.天这么热,现在我想做的事是在河里游泳。
【考例】— What do you think made Mary so upset ?— __________ her new bicycle .( 1997 上海高考题)A .As she lost B.LostC.Losing D. Because of losing该题正确选项为C, losing her new bicycle 是句子的主语,谓语made her so upset 被省略,losing ...在此表示具体的动作。
二、动名词作宾语的用法1.有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。
如admit ,appreciate,avoid,can't stand(不能忍受),consider,delay,de- vote...to,dislike enjoy ,escape,excuse,feel like ,finish ,forgive ,get down to ,give up , imagine, insist on , keep( on), look forward to , mention , mind , miss (错过), pay attention to , practice, put off ,stick to , suggest 等等。
v-ing的用法

v-ing的用法v-ing的用法一.明确概念三大非谓语动词v-ing是什么?主动、进行被动、完成否定式、完成式、被动式、完成被动式、复合结构二.v-ing做主语1.动词做主语要加ing2.没用、没好处、没意义、浪费时间、浪费钱三.v-ing做宾语1.介词后的动词必须加ing2.少数及物动词后接动词时,后面所接的动词加ing避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, delay)建议完成多练习(suggest/advise, finish, practise)喜欢想象禁不住(prefer/enjoy/feel like, imagine, can’t help)承认否定与妒忌(admit, deny, envy)冒险逃脱莫原谅(risk,escape,forgive)忍受保持不介意(bear/stand, keep (on);mind)认真对待需坚持(get down to, stick to/insist on)注意欣赏要考虑(pay attention to, appreciate, consider)四.v-ing做定语可以转化为定语从句五.v-ing做表语区分ing和ed六.v-ing做宾语补足语感官动词、使役动词、想要和with1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at2)使役动词:have get catch leave set①Soon they could see the steam rising fro m the wet clothes.②The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.七.v-ing做状语作时间条件原因让步状语事要位于句首且与后面用逗号隔开能转换为一个相应的状语从句作结果方式伴随状语时要位于句尾且与前面用逗号隔开有时也可以不用注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语(即分词动作的发出者)一般要与句中主语保持一致.〔这个是重点是考试和高考的常考点大家必须记住〕1)作时间状语eg. Walking in the street, I saw him.当我在街上走时,我看到他了.2)作条件状语e.g. Working hard, you will succeed.3)作原因状语e.g. Being ill, she stayed at home. 注意being是常用来作原因状语的4)作让步状语e.g. Having failed many times, he didn't lost heart.5)作结果状语e.g. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money,6)作方式状语e.g. Please answer the question using another way.7)作伴随状语可以转化为一个并列句e.g. He is standing there, singingThere was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.①The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.②European football is played in more than 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 我们爬到塔顶后,看到了一片壮丽的景象。
高二英语语法非谓语动词V-ing用法

3
V-ing
非 谓 语 动 词
V-ed to do
表被动,完成 表将要
概述:
1.谓语动词: 在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以 2. 非谓语动词: 作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件
① We heard her singing in the room. ② You can see them performing every night this week at the new theatre. ③ We watch the children diving into the water from the diving board. ④ Listen to the birds singing.
I can’t do my homework with all this noise going on. With a native villager acting as our guide, we had no trouble getting around.
常用动词不定式 ( to do ) 作宾补的动词
四、作宾语补足语(宾补)(Object complement )
三、作宾语
S + Vt + V-ing
Ⅰ. 下列动词后面只能跟 V-ing 作宾语。可用以下口诀记忆:
避免错过少延期( avoid, miss, postpone ) 建议完成多练习( suggest, finish, practise ) 喜欢想象禁不住( enjoy, imagine, can’t help ) 承认否定与嫉妒( admit, deny, envy ) 逃避冒险莫原谅( escape, risk, excuse ) 忍受保持不介意( stand, keep, mind ) 想要欣赏莫抵抗( fancy, appreciate, resist ) 推迟反对要禁止( delay, object to, forbid )
高中英语语法-V+ing用法详解资料

It’s a waste of time thinking hard about the past.
②It +be +a waste of time doing…做…是浪费时间
The book is worth reading.
③It +be +worth doing …做… 值得
There is no harm in doing so.
promise
两个要求莫拒绝 demand; ask; refuse
设法学会做决定 不要假装在选择
manage; learn; decide pretend ; choose
想要拒绝命令 want ; refuse ; order ,
需要努力学习,need; try ; learn 期望同意帮助 expect ; agree ; help 希望决定开始。hope ; wish ; decide ;begin ;start
小结:
1.特征: 单个的动词-ing形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。 2.句型:
1)doing 作主语句型: Doing …. + V + O 2)但有些含有动名词的句型,为避免句子主语
太长,通常用it作形式主语,-ing形式作真正 的主语。下面列举几种最常见的句型: Eg. It’s no use crying over spilt (倾倒出)milk. ① It +be +no good /use doing…做…无益 /无用
高中英语语法-V+ing用法详解
三.特征
1.动词的-ing形式具有名词、形容词和副词等词的 特点.
2. 动词的-ing形式由动词变来,所以保留了动词的 某些特征,如它可以有自己的宾语,状语等.
高考英语非谓语动词v-ing的用法

7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed.
A. a try
பைடு நூலகம்
B. try
C. tiring
D. trying
8. His parents insist on ___ to college.
A. he should go B. he go
C. his going D. him to go
______ yet.
A. study
B. to study
C. for studying D. studying
高考英语非谓语动词v-ing的用法(共 70张PPT)
高考英语非谓语动词v-ing的用法(共 70张PPT)
— Let me tell you something about the journalists.
但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能 是某些形容词或少数名词。
It’s worth making the effort. It's no use crying over spilt milk. It’s useless arguing with him.
【考例】
— What do you think made Mary so upset?
D. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit (consider)后 直接跟动名词作宾语,如果有名词或代词 作宾语,则构成“allow/advise/forbid/ permit +名词/代词+不定式(宾语补足 语)”之形式。如: We don't allow smoking here. We don't allow anybody to smoke here.
V-ing作主语、宾语和表语

有人传说英语语法难懂,我一点也不相信,我能帮你让语法变得简单而容易理解。
今天,我们一道,共同学习非谓语动词中的一种形式------ V-ing 作主语、宾语和表语。
上节语法课我们学习了V-ing 作定语和宾语补足语,请你会回想一下,看你能想起多少内容。
这节课请你大声朗读或默读完本页V-ing用法的精华版,相信你的语法理论水平一定会有提高,下节课老师对它进行讲解时,你就会胸有成竹,语法功底会更上一层楼!开始读吧!V-ing(Ⅱ)作主语、宾语和表语一、V-ing作主语1、V-ing 形式若置于句首,谓语动词用单数。
Reading aloud is a good way in learning languages. 大声朗读是学习语言的一个好方法。
Doing is better than wishing. 做比空想好。
Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property. 浪费别人的时间无异于图财害命。
2、V-ing形式若置于句末,则用It作形式主语,真正主语依然是句末的V-ing。
常见的句式有:It’s no use doing sth. 做某事没有用It’s no good doing sth. 做某事没好处It’s worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。
另外,还有未学过的重点词有:dangerous(危险的)、worthwhile(值得的、值钱的)、useless(没用的)。
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It is no good learning without practice. 学习而不实践是不好的。
It is a waste of time doing it. 做这件事是浪费时间。
It is worthwhile making the experiment. 做这个实验是值得的。
非谓语动词-V-ing的用法小结

动名词做主语、宾语精讲精练一、动名词做主语的用法动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。
如:Painting is his hobby.绘画是他的爱好。
Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。
动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样,也可以用it作形式主语。
如:It is no use talking without doing.光说不做没有用。
不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。
如:It's so hot.What I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.天这么热,现在我想做的事是在河里游泳。
【考例】—What do you think made Mary so upset— __________ her new bicycle.(1997上海高考题)A.As she lost B.LostC.Losing D.Because of losing该题正确选项为C,losing her new bicycle是句子的主语,谓语made her so upset被省略,losing...在此表示具体的动作。
二、动名词作宾语的用法1.有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。
如admit,appreciate,avoid,can't stand(不能忍受),consider,delay,de- vote...to,dislike enjoy,escape,excuse,feel like,finish,forgive,get down to,give up,imagine,insist on,keep(on),look forward to,mention,mind,miss(错过),pay attention to,practice, put off,stick to,suggest 等等。
高中英语语法—非谓语动词 V-ing形式(word版_含答案)

4、非谓语动词(1)V-ing 形式一、V -ing 形式的用法1、作主语:动名词Teaching is my full-time job.It’s useless taking this kind of med icine.译:写英文的作文不容易。
Writing an English composition is not easy.2、作表语:动名词、现在分词均可(注意二者用法区别)译:我的任务是帮你完成这项工程。
My task is helping you finish the project我们队被打败的消息令人失望。
The news that our team has been defeated is disappointing.3、作动词或介词的宾语:动名词I have just finished doing my home work.We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Lock the doors and windows before going out.★ to 在下列短语中是介词,常跟动名词作宾语。
be/get used to look forward to get down to pay attention to devote oneself tolead tomake a contribution toobject to (反对)★ 常见接动名词作宾语的动词 stick to避免,错过,(少)延期 avoid, miss, postpone/put off建议,完成,(多)练习 suggest/doing, finish, practice喜欢,想象,禁不住 enjoy, imagine, can’t help承认,否定,(又)妒忌 admit, deny, envy逃避,冒险,(多)原谅 escape, risk, excuse忍受,保持,(不)介意 stand, keep, mind★ 下列词组后常跟动名词give up can’t help feel like be worth be busy set about put offthink ofinsist on★ 常见可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词remember/forget/ regret to do 动作尚未发生doing 动作已经发生try to do 努力、尽力去做(1)动名词My job is teaching.= Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.(2)现在分词 The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he told us.doing 尝试做(看看有何结果)meanto do 打算做(主语常常是人)doing 意味着(主语常常是物)stop/go on to do 停下(继续)去做另一件doing 停下(继续)正在做的事译:露西不介意把她的MP3借给你。
人教版高中英语-语法-V ing用法详解

V-ing 的时态和语态:
主动语态
被动语态
肯定
否定
肯定
否定
一 般 doing 式
完 成 having done 式
not doing
being done
not being done
not having done having been done not having been done
not any use
not any good
useless
+ doing
③ There is no + doing…
易混辨析:
动名词作主语与不定式作主语
一般来说,所作成分相同时,动名词多表一般的、抽象的行为;不定式 一般表一次性、具体的行为。
Delivering newspapers is his job.
他们不喜欢走那么多路。
Prep+doing
look forward to(渴望,盼望) be responsible for(对…负责) think of(考虑,想到) object to(反对,抗议) keep…from(防止,阻止) be engaged in(从事于) excuse…for(因…而道歉) devote…to(献身于) be/get used to(习惯于) be afraid of(害怕) succeed in(成功地做)
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no littering about.
不许乱扔杂物。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
非谓语动词 V-ING用法小结附练习

动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语一、动词-ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词)The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
非谓语动词 V-ing

非谓语动词V-ing二、动名词做各种句子成分(一)v-ing做主语往往表示一个经常性的,习惯性的动作。
可以位于句首也可以用it做形式主语。
Eg. (1) Reading aloud is helpful.(2) Collecting stamps is my hobby.(3) It is no use / useless crying.no goodfun / no funhelp / no help / helpful / helplessa waste of timeworth / worthwhilea pleasure(4) It is a waste of time arguing with him.(二)v-ing 做表语作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么,还可以表示主语所具有的特征。
Eg. (1) My hobby is collecting stamps.(2) Their job is building houses.(3) This story is very interesting.(4) The problem is quite puzzling.(三)v-ing 做宾语位于及物动词和介词之后Eg. (1) She likes drawing very much.(2) Mary thinks of going back to New York.只能接doing的动词avoid,advise,suggest,allow,permit,forbid,admit,deny,appreciate,consider,enjoy,mind,miss,practise,finish,imagine,keep,understand,stand,bear…Eg. (1) He admitted sleeping in class.(2) Would you mind my asking you a question?只能接doing的短语pay attention to,devote to,look forward to,be used to,give one’s life to,stick to,due to,owe to,according to,be addicted to,react to既能接doing又能接to do的结构意义无区别:like,love,hate,dislike,begin,start,intend,prefer意义有区别:try,continue,go on,stop,remember,forget,regret,mean,主动表被动:need / require / want doing(四)v-ing 做宾补一般用来补充说明宾语的性质、状态、动作等感官动词包含“致使”含义的句型感官动词:see sb. doinghear sb. doinglisten to sb. doingfeel sb. doingwatch sb. doingobserve sb. doingnotice sb. doing包含“致使”含义的句型:keep sb. doinghave sb. doingget sb. doingleave sb. doing(五)V-ing 做定语:与逻辑主语是主动关系1、形容词化了的非谓语a _______________ (frighten) teacher2、v-ing:动名词和现在分词a waiting rooma waiting boya walking sticka walking man3、做定语时,与v-ed的比较I have a friend _____________(produce) clothes.I wear a dress ______________(produce) in Japan.He met a man _____________ (come) from America.He brought some food _____________(come) from America.Eg. (1) The boy ____________(call) me last night is my brother.I know a girl ___________(call) Lily.(3) There is a girl ___________(wear) a beautiful dress.___________(dress) a beautiful dress.三、其他特殊用法。
非谓语动词之V-ing

非谓语动词之V-ing什么叫非谓语动词:在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
一、非谓语动词分为三种形式:to do(不定式)、doing(动词的ing形式)和done(动词的过分)如:1. doing (V-ing)I can’t help laughing when he tells us jokes.2. to do(动词不定式)My mother encourages me to try this speech.3. done(过去分词)The book written by Han Han sells well.二、性质:它具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用,充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用,即除谓语以外一切成分。
现在分词(doing)一、现在分词的形式,如下列例句:1. Would you mind keeping your voice down, please?2. Mr. Tang hates being forced to get married.3. Not having made full preparations, Mr. Tang decided to be a runaway groom.4. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.三、现在各种形式用法举例1)动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport.Learning is important to modern life.2)doing 和being done 表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作,doing与主语之间是主动关系,而being done 与主语之间是被动关系。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.The question being discussed is very important.3)having done 和having been done 表示一个已完成的动作,这个动作发生在谓语动词之前,having done 和主语之间是主动,having been done 和主语之间是被动。
非谓语动词句法作用详解

非谓语动词句法作用详解非谓语动词是指在主语之外的动词形式,它可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等句法成分。
非谓语动词的使用丰富了句子的表达方式,增加了句子的灵活性和表达力。
本文将详细解析非谓语动词在句法结构中的各种作用。
一、作主语1. V-ing作主语现在分词(V-ing)作主语时,通常表示主动、进行或普遍性的动作。
例如:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜爱的运动。
)Running in the morning is good for your health.(早晨跑步对健康有好处。
)2. To-infinitive作主语不定式(To-infinitive)作主语时,常用来表示意图、建议、可能性等。
例如:To learn a foreign language is challenging but rewarding.(学一门外语既具有挑战性又有回报。
)To visit the Grand Canyon is on my bucket list.(参观大峡谷是我计划表上的一项。
)二、作定语1. V-ing作定语现在分词(V-ing)作定语时,常用来修饰名词,表示被修饰名词的用途、功能、来源等。
例如:The running water is so refreshing.(流动的水非常清爽。
)A sleeping baby needs to be treated gently.(熟睡的婴儿需要温柔对待。
)2. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时,通常用来修饰被动或完成的状态、感受等。
例如:The broken window needs to be fixed.(这个破窗户需要修理。
)The lost key was found under the bed.(丢失的钥匙在床底下找到了。
)三、作宾语1. 不定式作宾语不定式(To-infinitive)作宾语时,常用来表示目的、打算、习惯等。
非谓语动词用法

英语非谓语动词用法详解动词不定式动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。
这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语法主语。
但可以有逻辑主语。
由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。
由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。
非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。
非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词。
(一)动词不定式:动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,如:to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:to stud y hard, to play table tennis。
1、动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主动 to build to have built to be building to have been building被动 to be build to have been build2、动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语:To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:It is good to help each other.(2)作表语:My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Our plan is to set up an other middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。
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一. 含义
动词的-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式,不能单独充当 谓语。
二. 构成 1.构成: 动词原形+-ing 2.规则: ①一般情况,直接+ing; ②以不发音的e结尾,去e+ing; ③以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双
写这个辅音字母再加ing; ④以ie结尾,变ie为y,+ing,例:die,dying;lie,lying.
Eg1. My coat needs washing.
=My coat needs to be washed.
Eg2. I look forward to receiving your letter.
②下列动词只用动词不定式(to do)作宾语。
三个希望两答应 hope; wish; expect ; agree; promise
like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer, etc.
动词+宾语
①只接doing
②只接to do
③doing和to do皆可,意义 区别很大
④doing和to do皆可,意义 区别不大
①以下动词只用doing 做宾语 1)记忆口诀: 对应单词: 双P延期 两建议 postpone, put off, suggest, advise
否认 错过了 练习 deny, miss, practice
3.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.
小结: 1.特征:
单个的动词-ing形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。
2.句型:
1)doing 作主语句型: Doing …. + V + O 2)但有些有动名词的句型,为避免句子主语太
长,常用it作形式主语,-ing形式作真正的主 语。几种最常见的句型: Eg. It’s no use crying over spilt (倾倒出)milk. ① It +be +no good /use doing…做…无益 /无用
④There +be +no +n. +in +doing … 做…没有…
④ There +be +no+doing 禁止…/不许…
No smoking no parking
2. 作宾语 (动词宾语和介词宾语) He finished reading the book yesterday. I enjoy learning English. (动词宾语) I am fond of watching TV.(介词宾语)
两个要求莫拒绝 demand; ask; refuse 设法学会做决定 manage; learn; decide 不要假装在选择 pretend ; choose 命令帮助已开始。order , help ;begin ;start
③ 有些动词既可接-ing(习惯性), 又可接to do作宾语(一次性) , 区别不是很大。
2)need, require, want + doing = need to be done 注意:主动表被动
动词want,need,require作“需要”解时,后面的 动词用动名词作宾语时,且与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关 系,这个动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
3)give up, can’t help, look forward to, have trouble (in)+doing
三.特征
1.动词的-ing形式具有名词、形容词和副词等词的 特点.
2. 动词的-ing形式由动词变来,所以保留了动词的 某些特征,如它可以有自己的宾语,状语等.
He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-
jong, swimming and reading.
五. 用法:
1.做主语
1.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 2. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.
考虑 完成 不耽搁 consider, finish, delay
喜欢 设想 不介意 fancy, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, mind
面对 坚持 不放弃 face, insist on, give up
避免 冒险 请原谅 avoid, risk, excuse, forgive
It’s a waste of time thinking hard about the past.
②It +be +a waste of time doing… 做…是浪费时间
The book is worth reading.
③It +be +worth doing …做…值得
There is no harm in doing so.
doing
现在分词 状语 宾补
形式
动名词
√√
√ √ ××
现在分 词
×
×
√
√
√√
做主语和宾语的肯定是__动__名__词___; 做状语和宾补的肯定是_现__在__分__词___。 Examples: 1)Seeing is believing. (动名词做主语和宾语) 2)Be careful while crossing the street. (现在分词做时间状语) 3)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. (现在分词做宾语补足语)
四.分类
1.动名词:动词的-ing 形式相当于名词在句中的用 法.
2.现在分词:具有动词的特征,可以表示一个正在 进行的、主动的动作.
小结:doing 为非谓语动词,由do原
形 +ing 构成,不能单独充当谓语,可以充当 1.主
语 2. 宾语 3.表语 4. 定语 5.状语 6.宾语补足语。
动名词 具有名词,动词的特性