第三章 仁爱课件

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第三章仁爱,天地最美ppt课件

第三章仁爱,天地最美ppt课件

2. 语言上“清水出芙蓉,天然去雕饰”,通 俗而又精炼,明朗而又含蓄,清新而又明丽 的风格特色。 3.结构纵横跳跃,句式长短错落。 五、课文分析 (一)《子夜吴歌》 长安一片月,万户捣衣声。秋风吹不尽,总 是玉关情。 何日平胡虏,良人罢远征。 《子夜吴歌》是六朝时南方著名的情歌,多 写少女热烈深挚地忆念情人的思想感情,表 现非常真诚缠绵,李白正是掌握住了这种表 达感情的特点,在本诗中成功地描写了闺中 思妇那种难以驱遣的愁思。 全诗情景交融, 感情充沛.
在理性之上
《宿五松山下荀媪家》 李白
我宿五松下,寂寥无所欢。 自己的寂寞情怀。 “田家秋作苦,邻女夜舂寒。” “苦”不仅是劳作的苦,还指 心中的苦。 “寒”字,耐人寻味。既是形 容舂米声音的凄凉,也是推想 邻女身上的寒冷。
“跪进雕胡饭,月光明素盘。” 月光下的菰米饭就像一盘珍珠一样地 耀目。 “令人惭漂母,三谢不能餐。” 用韩信的典故,表示自己对荀媪的热 诚款待,过意不去,又无法报答,更 感受之有愧。因而再三推辞致谢。
《李白诗二首》
一、李平生平: 李白(公元701年—公元762年), 字太白,号青莲居士。李白是唐朝 著名诗人,也是中国最著名的诗人 之一,是我国文学史上继屈原之后 又一伟大的浪漫主义诗人,有“诗仙” 之称。李白和杜甫合称“李杜”。
二、创作:
李白的诗歌今存990多首。他的诗歌创作涉 及的中国古典诗歌的题材非常广泛,而且 在不少题材上都有名作出现。他所钟好的 体裁主要是古体诗,包括古风和乐府诗, 但他在近体诗体裁如律诗、绝句中往往也 有绝唱留存。在唐代尚未普及的词,有两 首被认为是李白的作品,即被南宋人黄升 称为“百代词曲之祖”的《菩萨蛮》与 《忆秦娥》。也有少数人怀疑它们不是李 白所作。有大量的政治抒情诗,充分表现 了。

仁爱英语七年级第三章课件第一节第3课时

仁爱英语七年级第三章课件第一节第3课时

【运用】 请根据句意选用many或much填空。 1. How many girls can play the piano in your class? 2. My brother can drink much milk every day.
3. There are many flowers in our school.
Hello, my name is Albert. I don’t like English at all. I find it very difficult. But many students in our class like English a lot. So I feel very sad. Can you help me? What about you? Do you like English?
5. he和 him 他是我的朋友。_____ is my friends. He 我想和他一起玩。 him I want to play with ____. 6. it 的用法。 Where is my car? ____ is over there. It 指天气 It is raining outside. 指气候 It is cold in Harbin. 指时间 What time is it? It’s six o’clock.
三、用于回答道歉,意为“没关系”。 e.g. A: I’m sorry I’m late. 对不起,我迟到了。 B: Oh, not at all, do come in. 噢,没关系,请进来。 四、用来表示否定 (是no的加强说 法),意为“一点也不;完全不”。 e.g. A: Are you busy? 你忙吗? B: Not at all. 一点也不忙。

仁爱版八年级英语上册 Unit 3 Topic 3 Section A 课件(共24张PPT)

仁爱版八年级英语上册 Unit 3 Topic 3 Section A 课件(共24张PPT)

_p_l_a_y_t_h_e_p_i_a_no_
_s_le_e_p__
___sk_a_t_e__
Was she doing some cleaning at this time yesterday?
NYeos, ,sshheewwaassn.’t.
过去进行时的一般疑问句及其肯定和否定回答: Were/Was + S + v.ing + O + time ? Yes , S was/were . No , S wasn’t/weren’t.
was/were + v.ing
过去进行时
1b What was Jane doing at that time yesterday?
She was taking a shower.
What were you doing at this time yesterday?
We were having English class at this time yesterday.
Example: A: What were you doing at
this time yesterday? B: I was washing some
clothes. What about you . A: I was doing some
cleaning.
_r_e_ad__E_n_g_li_sh__
Are you sleeping? Morning bells are ringing
主语+be 动词(am /is /are)+v-ing+其它
Let`s play a game-- 木偶人(puppet)
规则: 1. 老师说开始,所有同学一起 说:”我们都是木偶人,不能说 话不能动!” 2.同学们在说的过程中,可以 发挥想象做任何想做的事情, 并且在口令结束时,立即保持 相应的姿态。 3.凡是老师对其说过“Don`t move!的同学,必须保持姿态 不动,其它同学则可以恢,复到 自由状态!

仁爱英语七年级上册Unit3Topic3SectionA课件(共26张PPT)

仁爱英语七年级上册Unit3Topic3SectionA课件(共26张PPT)
What would you like to drink?
Would you like some …? Yes, please. / No, thanks.
Listen to the tape and answer this question: What would Jane like to drink?
juice
egg fish
hamburger
apple juice
chicken rice
bread
(影片)
Read 1a again and complete the table.
Name Michael Maria
Jane
Food
an egg and some fish
some chicken
Unit 3 Topic 3
apple juice
What would you like to drink? orange juice
但不可数名词_______(有/没有)复数形式。 ______________________________________
让学生把课桌围成餐桌。
Know about the countable nouns and uncountable nouns.
2.Know about the countable nouns and uncountable nouns.了解可数名词和不可数 名词。
3.学习一些就餐的常用语。 What would you like to have/drink? I would/I’d like .... Would you like ...?- Yes, please./No, thanks. What about ...? Help yourself/yourselves.

仁爱英语七年级第三章课件第一节第2课时

仁爱英语七年级第三章课件第一节第2课时
Do you have a pen pal? Is your pen pal a boy or a girl? Where does he/she come from? Does he/she speak English?
Can he/she speak Chinese?
What did your pen pal say in the letter?
e.g. do [du:]-does [dʌz] say [sei]-says [sez] 以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词, 如 果尾音是[s], [z]时, 加“s”后, 字母“e” 发音, 与所加“s” 一起读作[iz]。 e.g. close-closes [iz]
I. 请根据句意及所给汉语提示完成下 列句子或对话(每空不限词数)。 1. Jack ____________ (想参观) our wants to visit school.
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发 音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同, 请认真观察。
1) 大多数动词在词尾加“s”, 在清辅
音后发音为[s], 在浊辅音及元音后
发音为 [z]。
e.g.
① stop-stops [s] ; make-makes [s] ② read-reads [z] ; play-plays [z]
我昨天去拜访了我的叔叔。
She went to visit her teacher last
Saturday.
上周六她去拜访了她的老师。
“参观;游览”, 后接表物的名词作宾语。 e.g. We are going to visit the Great Wall next week. 我们下周将去游览长城。
“es”, 发音为[iz]。 e.g. teach-teaches [iz]; watch-watches [iz] 4) 以“o”结尾的动词, 加“es”, 读[z]。 e.g. go-goes [z] do-does [z]

仁爱版九年级上册英语三单元Topic3课件

仁爱版九年级上册英语三单元Topic3课件

4. He `has a lot of` work to do. He is `wondering _w_h_e_t_h_e_r_t_o_g_o__to__t_h_e_p_a_r_t.y
Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks.
when, which, how, whether, where
2 Study the sentences with how to in 1a and complete
the sentencwehsewn,itwhhthaet, pwhhriacshe,swinhtoh,ehboowx, . Then read them and pwayheatthtenr t等io疑n t问o词the stress and liaison.
e.g. I’m a stranger in the city, and I have to _tu_r_n__to__th__e_p_o_l_ic_e_.(向警察求助)
4. Think about your answer, take a deep breath and
smile, and then answer the question.思考一下你的问题,深
Don’t be shy. Think about your answer, take a dewer the question. Smiling is always helpful.
1c Read 1a and complete the passage.
Could you give us some advice on how to learn English
well?
+ to do(不定式)

仁爱八年级上Unit3topic3sectionC说课课件(共14张PPT)

仁爱八年级上Unit3topic3sectionC说课课件(共14张PPT)
设计理念:训练学生的概括能力和写作能力 8分
(5)出示图片,请生写 出关键词并重写故事, 并展示
设计理念:训练学生的 概括和写作能力
( 6)出示图片,完成2的练习,小组内订正答案 6
分钟
设计意图:通过练习,区分过去时和过去进行时,并能
正确运用
(7)总结
3分钟
设计意图:让学生回顾所学,加深印象
(8)作业:同步练习册P75,基础题一,二,2分钟
中等题三,拓展题四
设计意图:使不同程度的学生都能得到训练,都能有所
收获
四、板书设计
be afraid to do sth warm sb up hold sb in one's arms
cold and hungry
When the matches were burning ,she saw...... No one heard her,when they were passing by .
五、教学预测
本节课努力创设民主、平等的课堂,给学生充分 阅读的时间,尽力使不同程度的学生都积极参与到课堂 中。在学习中,注意培养学生略读,扫读等阅读技巧, 提高阅读的速度与正确度。结合课文,讲解重点语法知 识,并适当补充练习题,
设计理念:通过学生对课文的阅读,加深对
过去进行时的理解,培养学生圈画的学习习惯,
学生通过造句练习,掌握重点短语。
(4)学生读课文,小组合作完成1b,分小组展示
设计理念:训练学生通过找读提取信息的能力,
培养学生养成合作探究的学习习惯,体验学习的
快乐。
6分钟
(5)出示图片,找出关键词,重写课文
What were you doing at this time yesterday?

仁爱版初中英语八年级上册Unit·topic 3(共18张PPT)

仁爱版初中英语八年级上册Unit·topic 3(共18张PPT)

Key points
Will you take part in the school sports meet?
由“w__il_l_ +动词原形”构成的一般将来时, 表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。
Eg:我们明天会去野炊。We will go for a picnic tomorrow. 一般疑问句: Will you go for a picnic tomorrow? 肯定回答: Yes, we will. 否定回答: No, we won’t.
• 为某事做准备 • prepare for
• 尽我最大努力 • do/try my best
• (与某人)交朋 • make friends

(with sb.)
3 A Listen to the conversation and choose the correct answers.
( ) 1. Li Ming will take part in _____. A the boys’ relay race B the boys’ 800-metre race C the long jump
Suppose you are a reporter, interview the players in the school sports meet. Act it out in pairs.
1. I hear you will take part in … 2. Will you take part in…? 3. What will you do in the sports meet?
D. I bought a pair of running shoes last week. I’ll run in the teachers’ relay race.

仁爱英语8年级unit3topic3sectionB课件

仁爱英语8年级unit3topic3sectionB课件
Note taking
taking notes while listening to help remember key information
Inferring
using context and language includes to infer meaning of unknown words or phrases
Vocabulary Expansion and Application
Synonyms and Antonyms
01
List of words with similar or alternative means to expand
students' vocabulary
Word Forms and Derivatives
Related background knowledge
They should also have a basic understanding of the natural environment, including ecosystems, biodiversity, and the impact of pollution on the environment
They should be able to identify different types of waste and discussions always to reduce, reuse, and recycle
Additionally, they should be able to use relevant vocabulary and expressions related to environmental protection and sustainability

仁爱英语八年级上册unit3_topic3_section_D课件

仁爱英语八年级上册unit3_topic3_section_D课件
What were you doing at this time yesterday?
6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m
What were his parents doing from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. last Sunday? His mother was doing the dishes while/and his father was watching TV.
6:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m What were his grandparents doing from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m. last Sunday? His grandmother was reading books while/and his grandfather was doing exercise.
4a
Grammar focus
录音1
Past Continuous
…I was taking a shower. …you weren’t listening to the teacher. Were you playing computer games?
Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
This is a page from Kangkang’s diary. Choose the correct words to complete it.
Last Sunday, I went to Beihai Park with my friends. We planned (planned/were planning) to meet at the gate of the park, but I were playing was late. When I got to the park, they (played/were playing) was happily there. Jane was playing the guitar and Maria (flew/was flying were flying) a kite. Michael and some other boys (played/were playing joined playing) games. I said hello to them and (joined/was joining) sang them at once. After lunch, we (sang/were singing) and danced to music. Wang Wei (took/was taking) many photos while we took were playing together. When we got back home, we all felt tired but happy. What a wonderful day!

仁爱Unit 3 Thinking Skills and Reading Strategies 课件

仁爱Unit 3 Thinking Skills and Reading Strategies 课件

playground [ˈpleɪɡraʊnd]
teaching building [ˈtiːtʃɪŋ ˈbɪldɪŋ]
There are three tall and beautiful teaching buildings in our school.
A teaching building has five floors. [flɔːr] 楼层,地板
There ___i_s____ an art building and a lab in our school. There be 句型需遵循“就近原则”
We have a big school library.
It’s a new building with two floors.
带着,有着
We have a big school library.
It is a new building There are a lot
with two floors.
of books in it.
detail
detail
Activity 2 Read the text and complete the main idea and detail chart.
My school is very beautiful.
There is a beautiful teaching building. It has five floors.
The playground is very big.
There is a small garden. There are many beautiful flowers in it.
My school is very beautiful. There is a beautiful teaching building. It has five floors. The playground is very big. Next to the playground, there is a small garden. There are many beautiful flowers in it.

仁爱版八年级上册(新)课件:Unit 3 Topic 3 Section B

仁爱版八年级上册(新)课件:Unit 3 Topic 3 Section B

1. —The environment is very important to us. So we mustn’t
throw litter about.
—I ____ you.
A. agree on B. agree with C. agree to D. agree in
2. —How beautiful ! I think folk music is pleasant .
—— Yes, I do. /
不,我下棋。/
—— No, I don’t. 是的, 我不下棋。
Listen to 1a and mark T (True) or F (False).
( F )1. Michael thinks that the movie Harry Potter is wonderful.
It’s important to know the correct ways to agree and disagree when you talk.
I agree with you.
No, I don’t think so . I think it is too serious.
I think collecting stamps is fun.
(
T )2.
Jane liked the interesting.
movie
because
it
is
( T )3. Michael enjoys the music of the movie.
(
T
)4.
Michael brave.
thinks
Harry
Potter
is
very

仁爱版九年级上册英语第三单元课件PPT

仁爱版九年级上册英语第三单元课件PPT
3. Some sentences: (1) I can’t wait to fly there. (2) Try your best and work much harder from now on.
every summer. 4.On Christmas Day, children wake up early
and can’t wait _t_o_o_p_e_n (open) the boxes of presents. 5. We’ll have a chance _t_o_s_e_e (see) the flower show this weekend.
如果我多练习,我将能参加中国好声音。
If I practice more, I _w_i_ll_b_e__a_b_le__to__t_a_k_e_p_a_r_t_i_n_ the Voice of China.
2. I can’t wait to fly there.我都等不及飞到那里了。
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
A. English.
B. Visiting Disneyland.
C. A poster.
1a Listen, look and say.
1c Read1a again and fill in the blanks.
Wang Junfeng and his parents will go to Disneyland in America next week. Disneyland ___is___en_j_o_y_ed__ by millions of people throughout the world. He will have a good chance to p_r_a_ct_i_c_e_E_n_g_li_sh_ because English is important for communication there. English _is__sp_o_k_e_n__ as the main language in America. It __is___ also widely _u_s_e_d__ around the world.

仁爱英语九年级Unit3-Topic3-SectionD课件-PPT

仁爱英语九年级Unit3-Topic3-SectionD课件-PPT
1 Greeting 2 Enjoying a song
歌曲
Make sentences which includes “wh- + to do” according to the pictures.
wonder, where
I wonder where to go.
not know, how
I don’t know how to go to Beijing.
( ) reading English newspapers
( ) communicating with others
4. The difficult parts in English learning are ____.
( ) listening
( ) speaking
( ) vocabulary ( ) grammar
beside the English words.
□b f. Check your spelling with
a dictionary.
□ □ g b. Listen to English songs g g. Read books,newspapers
after class.
and magazines in English.
There were three.
2. How many ways of learning English well does the writer tell us ?
There are four. Listening, speaking, reading, writing methods.
keep on
lots of grammar notes.
Choose the right answers.

仁爱英语九年级上册unit3-知识复习课件-PPT

仁爱英语九年级上册unit3-知识复习课件-PPT

坚持做某事
stick to doing sth
6
逐渐认识到
come to realize
最后但同样重要的是 last but not least
继续做某事
keep on doing
放弃
give up
compare…to…
把..比作…
compare…with…
把…和…作比较
7
• 1, 古代皇帝把他们自己比作龙。 • The ancient emperors compared themselves to
• China ,a country with the largest p_p_o_pu_la_t_io_n in the world, has encouraged more people to learn English since the 1970s. Since the 1990s, English learning has been very popular with Chinese people. Many of them have done well in English and have made great _p_r_og_r_es_s__(进步) in speaking it.
• How to describe people is today's topic. 如何描述人物是今天的话题。

12
• 二 、"疑问词+不定式"的功能:在句中可作主语、 宾语、表语等成分。

1.作主语

How to give advice in English is what I am
trying to learn. 我正在努力学习如何用英语提建议。

仁爱版八年级英语上册 Unit 3 Topic 3 Section D 课件(共21张PPT)

仁爱版八年级英语上册 Unit 3 Topic 3 Section D 课件(共21张PPT)

Surveying Sunday Activities
1. Survey your classmates about their activities on Sundays. The following questions may help you.
1) What do you usually do on Sundays? 2) What were you doing at 10:00 a.m. last Sunday?
pray [preɪ] 祈祷
Lead-in questions:
1. How many days are there in a week? 2. How many days are there in a weekend? 3. Do you know anything about the weekend?

Grammar
Past Continuous
I _w_a_s__t_a_k_in_g__ a shower at this time yesterday. Many people __w_e_r_e_ g_e_t_t_in_g__ together in their warm homes. __W__e_r_e__ you playing computer games? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. What _w_e_r_e___ you _d_o_in_g____ at this time yesterday? I __w_a_s__w_a_s_h_in_g__ some clothes.

11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡 。2021/8/22021/8/22021/8/2Aug-212-Aug-21

精品 公开课课件 仁爱版九年级英语上册Unit3 Topic3课件(共67张PPT)

精品 公开课课件 仁爱版九年级英语上册Unit3 Topic3课件(共67张PPT)

• 7 sleepy adj. 困的,欲睡的。另外注意 • asleep adj. ; sleepless adj. sleep v./n. • 熟睡的,睡着的 失眠的,不眠的; 睡; sleeper • n.睡得很沉的人。 • 在英语中,有些名词词尾加上y, 就构成adj.。 • e.g. rain + y = rainy, wind + y = windy, health + y = healthy。
• 10 I don‟t know what to do. 我不知道做什么。 • 本句中的宾语部分是“疑问词+不定式”结构,这种结 构有时可以转化成一个宾语从句。本句话也可以说成I don‟t know what I should do. “疑问词+不定式”这种结 构还可以作主语、宾语、表语等,在作宾语时,其动作 尚未发生,在转换成宾语从句时需加情态动词或用将来 时表示未来。 • e.g. When to go to Beijing hasn‟t been decided. • 何时去北京尚未决定。 • The question is where to find it. • 问题是去哪儿找它。 • She will teach me how to search the Internet= • She will teach me how I can search the Internet. • 她将教我如何上网。
Language Points
11. At times I feel like giving up.有时候我都想放弃了。 sth. sth.
feel like
doing sth.
give up
doing sth.
e.g. 妈妈今天如此累以至于不想做家务。 My mother was so tired that she didn’t feel like doing the housework today. e.g. 尽管他病得很严重了,他还没有戒烟。
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• 拟人化手法。雨是“唯求奉献”的,它选 择了一个不妨碍别人劳作的时间悄悄地来, 在人们酣睡的夜晚无声地、细细地下。
• 野径云俱黑,江船火独明。 • 很彻底地“润物”,雨下得多且够。
• 晓看红湿处,花重锦官城。
• 想象中的情景。整个锦官城杂花生树,一 片“红湿”,带雨开放,红艳欲滴,生机 盎然。这一切正是细雨滋润的结果。
• 用“好”字赞美“雨”,唤起对作好事的 人的联想,用“知时节”把“雨”拟人化, 赋予春雨生命和情感。
• 春雨体贴人意,知晓时节,在人们急需时, 飘然而至,催发生机。多好的春雨。
• 随风潜入夜,润物细无声。
• 进一步表现“雨”的好。好在适时,好在 润物。
• 首联“知时节”还不足以表现雨的好,此 联写出春雨是伴随和风的细雨,那个“好” 才落实。
•墨子 《兼爱》
墨子(前468?-前376?),
• 名翟,出生地不详。 • 战国初期的大思想家,散文家,墨家学派
创始人。在中国哲学史上产生过重大影响。 • 今存《墨子》一书中的《尚贤》、《尚
同》、《兼爱》、《非攻》、《节葬》、 《天志》、《明鬼》、《非乐》、《非命》 等篇,都是其弟子或再传弟子对他的思想 言论的记录。
• 已欲立而立人,已欲达 而达人 。
• 人能弘道,非道弘人 。
唐代诗人孟郊《游子吟》
慈母手中线,游子身上衣。 临行密密缝,意恐迟迟归。 谁言寸草心,报得三春晖。
孔子的观点
• 父母在,不远游; 侍奉父母,孝敬父母; • 父母去世,三年守丧,缅怀父母养育之情。 • 父母之爱是孔子“仁爱”思想的阐发原点
人的终极关怀
• 作为审美对象的天之高远和地之深广,其自身是 无法体认的,只是由审美主体在“仰高”、“俯 深”等超时空、物我的审美关系中,天地才生成 了高远深广的审美意象。同时,审美主体也感到 了人在宇宙中的渺小。而宇宙是无限的。
• 而王阳明更要以渺小之灵明去统摄那无限之宇宙。 这是多么崇高、伟大的人格。如果没有人的意识, 天地万物何有美丑可谈,更无生命意义可言,世 界就永远只在我心之外。
思考与练习
• 1、有人说,美是主观的;也有人说,美是 客观的。你怎么看?
• 2、结合王国维的“有我之境”与“无我之 境”来谈谈花与人的关系。
许地山(1893-1941)
• 名赞堃,字地山,笔名落花 生。
• 现代作家、学者。 • 文学研究会发起人之一 • 1927年起任燕京大学教授、
《燕京学报》编委,并在北 京大学、清华大学兼课。 • 操起创作既受宗教思想影响, 又固执于探讨人生意义 • 《春桃》标志着其创作走上 切实沉着的现实主义道路。
《春桃》
• 春桃的难题:是遵循传统道德回到丈夫身 边而舍弃深爱着的向高,还是追求爱情而 舍弃已残废了的名义丈夫?
• 许地山的不同之处:不以“反抗”为基调, 而是人抉择的矛盾来突显人性的纯美和光 辉。
另一不同
• 其他作家往往让丈夫在夫妻冲突中占据主 导地位,只有丈夫表态,妻子才能有所作 为。
• 《春桃》把决定权留给了妻子。
• 盛唐诗人,唐诗思想艺术的 集大成者
• 与李白齐名,世称“李杜” • 思想核心:儒家仁政思想 • 诗歌基调:忧国忧民 • 个人的遭遇命运与国家人民
的遭遇命运交织一起 • 被称为一代“诗史” • 杜诗风格:沉郁顿挫
杜甫《月夜》
• 今夜鄜州月, • 遥怜小儿女, • 香雾云鬓湿, • 何时倚虚幌,
闺中只独看。 未解忆长安。 清辉玉臂寒。 双照泪痕干?
• 四个字可以概括:爱人如己。
墨子提供的几组词语
• 爱-恶:心理上的差别 • 利-贼:结果上的差别 • 兼-别:行为上的差别
于是有……
兼士与别士
• 兼是爱人如己,别是利己伤人;
• 执兼者行兼相爱,交相利之事,为“兼 士”;
执别者行交相恶,交相贼之事,为“别士”。
动乱的根源是什么?
• 墨子回答:人与人之间不相爱。
任继愈主编:《中国哲学史》 (第一册)北京:人民出版社1996年版,第105页。
思考与练习
• 1、你如何理解墨子的“兼爱”思想?你认 为“兼爱”倘要实现,需要哪些条件?
• 墨子的“兼爱”思想与西方资产阶级所提 倡的“博爱”思想有何异同?
杜甫(712-770),
• 字子美,后世又称杜拾遗、 杜工部
仁爱, 天地最美
孔子(前551~前479)
名丘,字仲尼 春秋末期鲁国陬邑
(今山东曲阜东南) 人 我国古代伟大的思想 家、教育家 儒家学派的开创者 被公认为世界文化名 人之一。
《论语》
• 孔子弟子及其 再传弟子关于 孔子言行的记 录,是研究孔 子思想的主要 依据。
《论语》是记事文。但若从先秦诸子发展的 整体背景上看,它无疑又是诸子论议之文 的第一个阶段,为语录体。
• 孔子的政治思想核心是“仁”和“礼”。 所谓“礼”,指统治阶级规定的秩序,包 括政治制度、道德规范等内容,其根本点 是尊卑贵贱有严格规定的等级制度。所谓 “仁”,不仅指主观的道德修养,即“克 己”、“爱人”,也指客观的伦理教化, 即按照周礼所规定的秩序来调整统治阶级 内部的矛盾,亦即所谓“复礼”。
王守仁美学
• 以“至乐”境界为目标,强调超然地与天 地同为一体,美善合一的“孔颜之乐”。 美是礼的感性显现。
• 这种美只能在审美体验中把握。在审美体 验中,审美主客消融,世界向我敞开,生 命意义在瞬间生成,我的存在被确证。
• 用生命体验人生意义是王守仁美学的最高 境界。
与天地万物同流
• “天没有我的灵明,谁去仰他高?地没有我的灵明, 谁去俯他深?鬼神没有我的灵明,谁去辨他吉凶 灾祥?天地鬼神万物离却我的灵明,便没有天地 鬼神万物了。我的灵明离却天地鬼神万物,亦没 有我的灵明。如此便是一气流通的。如何与他间 隔得?又问,天地鬼神千古见在,何没了我的灵 明,便具无了?曰:今看死的人,他这些精灵游 散了,他的天地万物尚在何处?” --《传习录》下,第124页
郭预衡主编:《中国古代文学史长编》(先秦卷), 北京:首都师范大学出版社1992年版,第257页。
• 钱穆《论语新解(选)》 • 李泽厚《论语今读(前言)》 • 钱穆《中国教育制度与教育思想》
曲阜孔庙
• “东方圣城”——东 方文化中的显著地位, 被联合国教科文组织列 为世界文化遗产,
宰我的观点
• 三年之丧,时间太长,一年即可; • 丧礼可简化
文本链接
• 孔子“仁”的思想,既以宗法等级的人际 关系为基本内容,又包含了原始人道、泛 爱的成分。这两方面互相矛盾的内容不是 简单硬凑在一起的,而是有着当时现实矛 盾的基础。
李学勤等:《十三经说略》 北京,燕山出版社2002年版,第198页。
宿五松山下荀媪家
• 我宿五松下, • 寂寥无所欢。
田家秋作苦, • 邻女夜舂寒。
跪进雕胡饭, • 月光明素盘。
令人惭漂母, • 三谢不能餐。
• 李白性本高傲,他可以“一醉累月轻王 侯”,“天子呼来不上船”,可是,对一 个普通的山村老媪却是如此谦恭,如此诚 挚,充分显示了李白悲天悯人的情怀。
• 李白诗歌素以豪放飘逸著称,但此诗却没 有一点放纵,风格极为朴素自然。
• 首联“今夜鄜州月,闺中只独看”点 题,不从自己落墨,而是从对方着笔, 透露出亲人之间的思念之情。
• 未来的“同看”与往日的“同看”。
• 颔联“遥怜小儿女,未解忆长安”,十分 婉曲,紧扣上联的“独”字,更进一步以 小儿女的不解忆,反衬闺中妻子的独看、 独忆。
• “忆”的含义深广,“怜”字饱含深情
春桃的决定
• 合情:她没有放弃她所爱的向高;
• 合理:她没有舍弃残废的没有性能力和生 活能力的李茂。
• 这一决定体现了春桃的宽厚和大义,也体 现了她人性的纯美和仁爱之心。
春桃的形象
• 春桃:心地善良、大胆泼辣,敢于蔑视世 俗礼法的劳动妇女形象。是20世纪中国文 学史上难得的富有现代气息和魅力的下层 女性形象之一。
子夜吴歌
长安一片月, 万户捣衣声。 秋风吹不尽, 总是玉关情。 何日平胡虏, 良人罢远征?
• 本诗通过妇女趁月明之夜为远行征人 赶制冬衣的描写,表达了思妇对远方 亲人的怀念和对和平生活的期盼,抒 发了作者对思妇不幸遭遇的同情。
思考与练习
• 1、李白在《宿五松山下荀媪家 》表达了 怎样的复杂感情,谈谈你的理解。
文本链接
• 他虽然最喜欢用“异域情调”的材料,可 是他在那些小说里试要给一个他所认为 “合理”的人生观:他并没建造了什么 “理想”的象牙塔,自己躲在里面唱赞美 歌,不过他的人生观是多少带点怀疑论的 色彩罢了。
试举例加以说明。
李白(701-762)
• 字太白,号青莲居士,盛 唐诗人,
• 中国文学史上继屈原后又 一伟大的浪漫诗人,素有 “诗仙”之称。
• 既是一个天才诗人,又兼 具游侠、刺客、隐士、道 人、策士等角色的气质
• 儒家、道家和游侠三种意 识在他身上都有体现。
• “功成身退”是支配他一 生的主导思想。
• 情感思路:盼雨-听雨-看雨-想雨。细 腻逼真,曲折有致。
• 诗人体物察情的优长。“潜” “润” “重”字中有所体现。细节刻画
思考与练习
• 1、唐李商隐《无题》:“君问归期未有期, 巴山夜雨涨秋池。何当共剪西窗烛,却话 巴山夜雨时。”试比较此诗与杜甫《月夜》 在表现手法上的异同。
• 2、《春夜喜雨》的“喜”体现在哪些地方? • 3、人们为何把杜甫诗歌称作是“诗史”?
• 墨子的思想大大发展了孔子的“仁爱”思 想。
• 墨子的“兼爱”: 无分彼此、先人后己,是一种“伟大
的博爱”,比孔子的“仁爱”更为无私。
文本链接
• 墨子从小生产者的利益出发,主张兼爱互 助。他用这个原则解释社会的治乱现象, 认为“天下兼相爱则治,交相恶则乱”, 能不能兼爱就成了决定社会治乱的唯一条 件。墨子从兼爱观点出发,主张“兼”, 反对“别”。他把合乎兼爱原则的君叫做 “兼君”,合乎兼爱原则的士叫做“兼 士”,与此相反的君和士,他叫做“别君” 和“别士”。
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