大学从外贸英语第八课课文翻译
国际贸易英语Unit 8 2016
Description 8.1 Payment InstrumentsTypes
8.1.1 Bill of
Both the drawer and the Exchange drawee are banks.
Banker’s draft Commercial draft
The drawer is a commercial C. The Types of Bill of Exchange. organization, the drawee can be either a commercial organization or a bank. Accompanied by commercial documents? Accompanied by other commercial documents Not accompanied by other commercial documents
Unit 8 International Payment
1.Unit Points
1 Objectives
2
Preview Case
3
Contents
Objectives
Key points
★ The function of different payment instruments ★ The different types of remittance and collection
Warm-up
Read the following tongue twister aloud and fast. Where is the watch I put in my pocket to take to the shop because it had stopped?
走遍美国第八课 You are Going to Be Fine
You are Going to Be FineACT IMolly, I need your special talent for handling special matters. Molly,我需要你处理特殊情况的特殊才能。
Like what special matters? 什么样的特殊情况？Well, I have a scheduling problem. 嗯，我在安排工作方面遇到困难。
Yes? 是吗？I have three tonsillectomies set for Friday with Dr. Earl. 我安排好要和Earl大夫在星期五进行三个扁桃腺切除手术。
Yes? 是吗？I need to fit a fourth operation into his schedule. 我得在他的工作日程上再加第四个手术。
And ... I know you can do it. 这……我知道你能做到。
Who's the patient? 病人是谁？Carl Herrera. Carl Herrera。
The boy has infected tonsils, 这孩子的扁桃腺受到感染了，and we should remove them as soon as possible. 我们要尽快把它切除。
Well, I'll try to arrange the schedule, Dr. Stewart. 好吧，我尽力去安排，Stewart大夫。
But it's not going to be easy. 不过，这事可不容易。
I know you'll be able to take care of it. 我知道你能够处理好这件事。
Well, Mrs. Herrera, 你好，Herrera太太，Carl will be perfectly fine after we remove his tonsils. 切除扁桃腺之后，Carl会完全恢复健康的。
BEC 8
Key to Exercises
Dear Sir or Madam, We are in receipt of your letter requesting us to book the shipping space. In reply, we regret to say that the space of the ship you required has been fully booked. So we booked the space on S.S. HUANGHE which is scheduled to sail for your port on or about March 2 with transshipment at Hong Kong. Please amend the L/C immediately as allowing transshipment and partial shipment. Your kind comprehension in this respect will be highly appreciated. Yours faithfully,
II. Basic Expressions
1. Stating packing and marking requirements: P117, 131.
A. Each of the goods will be packed in / wrapped in a poly bag, half dozen to a box and 10 dozens to a wooden case. Carton E.g. Toys are to be packed in cartons of 50 pieces each B. Please pack one TV set to a cardboard box, 4 sets to a wooden case suitable for export. / to stand rough handling during transit E.g. Our nail trimmers are packed in boxes of one dozen each, 100 boxes to a carton lined with waterproof paper. C. On the outer packing please mark the place of origin, the port of destination and the order number. In addition, directive marks like KEEP DRY, KEEP AWAY FROM PRESSURE, etc. should also be indicated / Please mark the bales with…/ stencil our shipping marks…
Unit8课文翻译
Uni t8课文翻译课文ARefle c t i on s of a Ch i n e se mother in t he West一位西方华裔母亲得思考1.很多人想了解中国父母就是如何培养出如此成功得孩子得。
她们想知道，为什么这些中国父母能养育出那么多天分极佳得孩子，她们就是否也能培养出这样得孩子呢？2.事实就是，中国父母得做法，对固执己见得西方人来说，令人愤慨，难以想象,甚至就是违法得、中国母亲可以不客气地对正在狼吞虎咽得肥胖孩子说：“喂，小胖子，您要减肥了。
”与此相反，西方父母必须体谅地、小心翼翼而拐弯抹角地谈及“健康”，而且永远都不会提及“胖“ 字、结果，孩子还就是因为饮食紊乱与消极得自我评价得去求医问药。
长期以来我一直苦思冥想,中国父母这样做就是如何能够全身而退得，我认为中西方得父母之间存在三种意识形态上得差异。
3.首先,我注意到四方父母呵护子女得自尊，使她们免受一切批评。
她们担心孩子失败后得感受，于就是不断尽其所能解除子女得忧虑,而不管英表现如何糟糕。
西方父母认为孩子就是娇弱得，不够坚强，因此她们得行为也就与中国父母大相径庭了。
4.举个例子，如果一个孩子考试得了个A -回家，西方父母很可能会表扬孩子。
而对中国母亲来说，A 「根本不算什么好成绩;她还会不快地叹气，问到底出了什么问题。
如果孩子得了B 回家，一些西方父母尽管十分不情愿，仍然会表扬孩子。
其她西方父母会表达出不满，但不会质疑孩子得智力，或贸然说孩子“笨蛋”、“一文不值”或"太可恶了”、而私下里,西方父母可能会感到担心，但绝不会让孩子们知道、5.如果中国孩子得了B,不管什么科目，首先而临得就就是一声尖叫与恼怒得爆发、中国母亲会更加不遗余力地找来几十也许几百套得测验题，不惜采取手头任何办法来让自己孩子得成绩提高到A。
6.中国父母要求完美得成绩，因为她们理所当然地认为孩子完全可以做到，而且分数就是比 "自尊”更为重要得衡疑成功得标准、如果孩子没拿到全A,中国父母就认为这就是因为孩子不够努力。
unit 8长句翻译
• ①西安是古丝绸之路的起点，也是中国历史上建都最多的 城市之一。②新发掘的秦兵马俑被称为“世界第八大奇 迹”；③大雁塔、鼓楼是唐代留下来的建筑；您可以到杨 贵妃洗澡的华清池去洗温泉澡；④作为炎黄子孙还可以去 拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵。
• ①Xi'an, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, was also a capital city intermittently for many dynasties in Chinese history. ②The life-size terra cotta soldiers and horses of the Qin Dynasty (221B. C.-206B. C.), unearthed recently, are praised as the "Eighth Wonder of the World". ③Other places of historic interests include Da Yan Ta (Great Wild Goose Pagoda) and Gu Lou (Drum Tower), both erected in the Tang Dynasty, and Huaqing Hot Springs which used to be the private baths for Yang Guifei, favorite concubine of a Tang emperor and is available to tourists nowadays. ④If you are of Chinese descendant, you may be interested in paying homage/respects to the Tomb of Huangdi (Huang Emperor), the Chinese ancestor.
国际货代英语完整讲义_Unit_8_Chartering_Business
国际货运代理专业英语 Unit 8 Chartering Business1、租船的定义英文原文：Chartering is the business of providing employment for a vessel and arranging suitable sea transport for a variety of commodities.租船是提供使用船舶和为各类货物安排适宜海上运输的业务。
注释：chartering: 租用(在这里引申为“租船”)employment: 雇用，使用，利用 suitable: 适当的，相配的 variety: 变化，多样性，品种 commodity: 商品英文原文：The different requirements of employment for vessels call for several different kinds of chartering. The term charter party is employed to describe contracts relating to the use of vessels owned controlled by others.注释：requirement: 需求，要求 call for: 需要，要求 charter party: 租船合同中文意思：由于使用船舶的不同需求产生了几种不同的类型的租船业务。
租船合同这一术语被用来描述租用他人船舶的各种合同。
二、租船业务的三种基本类型：航次租船、定期租船、光船租船(掌握各自的定义，合同内容，特点以及承租人和船东之间的费用、责任的划分)1、Voyage Chartering 航次租船(考试重点)1)英文定义：Voyage chartering means that the shipowner promises to carry on board a specific ship a particular cargo for a single voyage from one or more loading ports to one or more discharging ports. 航次租船是指船东承诺按一个单程航次装运约定的货物，从一个或多个港口运至另一个或多个港口。
Unit 8 译文
译文
在预定程序开始之前，应该把客人的信息用纸 记录下来或者在电脑文档中储存。通常公司秘书 首先得到的是客人的姓名、地址、电话号码、抵 达日期和时间、停留时间、以及房间类型和数量。 他/她还要记下团队中的人数，房间报价，付款方 式，此外还有酒店和客人的任何特殊要求。
译文
一旦这些信息都收集和记录好，公司秘书便可 以进行必要的预定了。应该铭记的是预定是通过 使用不同形式的担保来确认的，例如法人担保， 押金，信用卡，旅行代理人，等等。担保预定能 向客户保证, 预定的房间从到达日到结帐离开之日 可以一直预留着。 这一类的预定确保，即使客人 没有使用其服务但又没有正确的取消预定，酒店 也会收到付款。
译文
提前预定的方式有很多种。秘书既可以发预定函，也 可以亲自去酒店进行预定。还可以通过电话或电报向酒店 预定房间。现在，传真和电传预定已经变得越来越流行， 因为这样很迅速并且立刻就可以得到确认。 酒店提前预定业务的另一个发展是引进了计算机网络 预定。酒店可以把它们的预定系统与其它酒店，航空公司 机票预定系统，以及重要旅行社的计算机终端连结起来。 所以公司秘书可以通过电子邮件和计算机终端来进行预定。 因此，（这为）膳宿预定提供了极大的便利。
Unit 8 译文
译文
膳宿安排中的预定 膳宿在商务旅行中扮演着重要角色。对于公司 秘书来说，安排膳宿的主要职责包括为参会者安 排旅程，联系相关酒店，以及检查与膳宿安排有 关的其它活动。规划好膳宿的目的是为所有需要 休息，食物和饮料的游客创造一个第二故乡。
译文
秘书的办事效率和性格特点是膳宿安排得以顺利完 成的关键因素。 一次旅程或商务旅行的成功与否，甚 至，是否可以成功得到一个特定的业务机会，都直接取 决于公司秘书。 因此，公司秘书应该记住膳宿安排是否成功，客户 所享受到的“居家千里外仍似居家”的满意感是唯一的 验证。 膳宿安排的第一步是联系酒店来获得必要的房间。 秘书可以通过电话、信件或电子邮件进行预定。他/她 应该拥有入住级别和房间价格的信息，并确保没有超额 预定的情况发生。
Unit8Money新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译
Unit 8 MoneyTime Spent Agonizing over Money[1] Within hours of a recent major stock market drop, I telephoned my Ford dealer and ordered the station wagon that I test-drove the day before. As my friends not so subtly pointed out, the Dow Jones Industrial Average didn't have much to do with my financial situation and shouldn't affect my purchase. Besides, my old car had caused me headaches for months.[2] Still, I spent the evening asking myself: Could I afford a new car? Should I be saving instead of spending? Would we need to cut back on vacations?[3] On the list of items people worry about, money is almost always at the top.[4] A study in the Wall Street Journal found that 70 percent of the public lives from paycheck to paycheck. Mortgage debt has increased 300 percent since 1975, and consumer bankruptcies are at an all-time high. Most marriages that fail list financial problems as a contributing factor.[5] When the Dow fell 554 points last October, millions of people lost billions of dollars, on paper anyway. There was expert anxiety on Wall Street and old-fashioned worry on Main Street. Our reaction confirmed what we already knew: We are a people consumed by financial stress.*A “Raw Material”[6] As the Bible tells us, worrying about money—or anything else for that matter—won't do us any good. “Who of you by worrying can add a single hour to his life?” Jesus asked. “And why do you worry about clothes? See how the lilies of the field grow? They do not labor or spin.”[7] In my heart, I aspire to be like those lilies. But in my head, I feel a need to hoard.[8] It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress, or who can spend money on others as easily as he spends it on himself.[9] Thomas Edison was one of that rare breed. Had the great inventor stored his money, he would have died a wealthy man. His first successful invention netted him $40,000, a huge sum in 1869. During his lifetime, he patented 1,093 inventions, yet he departed the world penniless.[10] Years later, his son C harles recalled his father's approach to money: “He considered it a raw material, like metal, to be used rather than amassed, and so he kept plowing his funds back into new objects. Several times he was all but bankrupt. But he refused to let dollar signs govern his actions.”[11] John Wesley was the same. The founder of Methodism had the highest earnedincome in 18th century England, but he gave it all away. His philosophy about money was simple: “Earn all you can, save all you can, give all you can.”*Root of Evil?[12] Money may not be the root of all evil, but if it keeps us up at night, it has become way too important in our lives.[13] That was the lesson of Leo Tolstoy's tale “Elias”, which told of a rich farm couple who lost all their money and were forced to take jobs as servants.[14] A guest one day asked the wife if she was miserable being poor, especially in light of the great wealth she had once enjoyed. The woman's answer—that she was happier than ever before—surprised the visitor.[15] “W hen we were rich, my husband and I had so many cares that we had no time to talk to one another, or to think of our souls, or to pray to God,” the wife explained. “We lay awake at night worrying, lest the ewes should lie on their lambs, and we got up again and again to see that all was well... Now, when my husband and I wake in the morning, we always greet each other in love and harmony. We live peacefully, having nothing to worry about.”[16] For most of us, financial security is an elusive goal. No matter how much we have, it's not enough. Kahlil Gibran put it this way: “The fear of need, when the pantry is full, is the thirst that can not be satisfied.”[17] When the stock market falls, we can panic, hoard, and worry if we have enough. Or we can take a deep breath and remember: Money is merely a raw material to be plowed back into something else.把时间花在为钱苦恼上1 最近一次股市大跌后的几个小时内，我就打电话给我的福特汽车商，订购了我前一天试开过的旅行车。
Unit 8课文翻译
4.What saved Jerry’s life? Jerry survived because of _______________________________________________________________.
“我知道我必须采取行动。“你怎么办的？”我问。“嗯，护士问我是否对 什么过敏，”杰瑞说，“我的回答‘是的’。这是医生和护士都停下手中的工 等着我的回答。我大声的叫道‘子弹！’ ”
Over their laughter, I told them. „I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive, not dead.‟” Jerry lived, thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude. I learned from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Attitude, after all, is everything.
每种情况都是个选择每种情况都是个选择每种情况都是个选择每种情况都是个选择每种情况都是个选择每种情况都是个选择每种情况都是个选择每种情况都是个选择由你来选择如何让应对
Unit 8
Attitudes and Happiness
组员： 杜梦菲、胡静、周海龙、 贺伟、葛晴峰、董涵、董浩、
Jerry was always in a good mood and had something positive to say. When someone asked him how he was doing, he would reply, “If I were any better, I would be twins!”
Unit8AMagicianatStretchingaDollar课文翻译大学英语一
Unit8AMagicianatStretchingaDollar课文翻译大学英语一Unit 8 A Magician at Stretching a DollarThe boy was at first delighted to discover the present his mother had hidden away as his Christmas gift. But then he began to worry that his mother would now no longer have the pleasure of giving him a surprise. What was he to do?1.That December, with Christmas approaching, she was out at work and Doris wasin the kitchen when I let myself into her bedroom one afternoon in search of a safety pin. Since her bedroom opened onto a community hallway, she kept the door locked, but needing the pin, I took the key from its hiking place, unlocked the door and stepped in. Standing against the wall was a big, black bicycle with balloon tires. I recognized it instantly. It was the same second-hand bike I'd been admiring in a Baltimore Street shop window. I'd even asked about the price. It was a shock.Something like $15. Somehow my mother had scraped together enough for a down payment and meant to surprise me with the bicycle on Christmas morning.2.I was deeply moved by the discovery and yet sickened by the knowledge that,bursting into her room like this, I had robbed her of the pleasure of seeing me astonished and delighted on Christmas day. I hadn't wanted to know her lovely secret; still coming upon it like this made me feel as though I'd struck a blow against her happiness. I backed out, put the key back in its hiding place, and thought over what to do.3.I decided that between now and Christmas I must do nothing, absolutely nothing,to reveal the slightest hint of my terrible knowledge. I must avoid the least word that night reveal my possession of her secret. Nothing must deny her the happiness of seeing me completely amazed on Christmas day.4.In the privacy of my bedroom I began composing and testing exclamations ofdelight: ―Wow!‖ ―A bike with balloon tires! I don't believe it!‖ ―I'm the luckiest boy alive!‖ And so on. They all owed a lot to movies in which boys like Mickey Rooney had seen their wildest dreams come true. I soon realized that, with my lack of acting talent, all of them were going to sound false at the critical moment when I wanted to cry out my love spontaneously from the heart. Maybe it would be better to say nothing but appear to be shocked into such deep pleasure that speech had escaped me/ I wasn't sure, though. I'd seen speechless gratitude in the movies too, and it never really worked until the actors managed to cry a few quiet tears. I doubted I could cry on cue, so I began thinking about other expressions of speechless amazement. In front of a hand-held mirror in my bedroom I tried the whole range of expressions; mouth open and eyes wide; hands slapped firmly against both cheeks to keep the jaw from falling off; ear-to-ear grin with all teeth fully exposed while hugging myself with both arms. These and more I practiced for several days without acquiring confidence in any of them. I decided to wait until Christmas morning and see if anything came naturally...5.That Christmas morning she woke up early, ―to see what Santa Claus brought,‖she said with just the right tone of voice to indicate we were all old enough to know who Santa Claus was. I came out of mybedroom with my present for her and Doris, and Doris came with hers. My mother's has been placed under the tree during the night. There were a few small brightly wrapped packages, a big doll for Doris, but no bicycle. I must have looked disappointed.6.―It looks like Santa Claus didn't d o too well by you this year, Buddy,‖ she said, asI opened packages. A shirt. A necktie. I said someth ing halfhearted like, ―It's thethought that counts,‖ but what I felt was bitter disappointment. I supposed she'd found the bike just too expensive and sent it back.7.―Wait a minute!‖ she cried, snapping her fingers. ―There's something in mybedroom I f orgot all about.‖8.She went out, and a moment later came back wheeling the big black two-wheelerwith balloon tires. I didn't have to pretend, after all. The three of us—Doris, my mother, and I –were people bred to hold back emotional expressions of love, but I did something that startled both my mother and me. I threw my arms around her spontaneously and kissed her.9.―All right now, don't carry on about it. It's only a bicycle,‖ she said.10.Still, I knew that she was as happy as I was to see her so happy.发现了母亲为他藏好的圣诞礼物男孩起先很高兴。
Unit 8 Globalization — For and Against课文翻译大学体验英语四
Unit 8 Globalization — For and AgainstPassage A Hallmark’s Asian ValentineThe tradition of card giving on Valentine's Day seemingly an American phenomenon is taking root in Asia, too. Yet, when Asian customers buy Valentine's Day cards, they often choose the original English versions even when they don't speak the language.Hallmark's greeting cards are known throughout the world. The Kansas city-based company has developed into a $3.5 billion corporation, from its beginnings in 1910 when Joyce C. Hall started producing cards from samples he stored under his bed. Now, over 90 years later, Hallmark has developed into a global company with expansion into Asia a major part of its strategy.In Asia alone, the Kansas city-based firm acquired a company in Japan in 1994 and founded creative organizations in Hong Kong and Singapore in 1998 and in Shanghai in 1999. Hallmark representatives like to point out that Asia has developed into an "area of emphasis." Hong Kong and Singapore are being turned from distribution centers into investment centers.In the United States alone, 67% of Valentine's Day activities consist of giving Valentine's Day cards as gifts to people. And in 2000, according to Hallmark, Americans spent more than $3.6 billion on Valentine's Day. But while the market in the United States is huge, the potential for Hallmark's 1,330 different Valentine's Day cards in Asia is even bigger.Based on the sales of Hallmark cards, it appears that the number of consumer romantics in China, Japan and Korea is rising. This is not surprising, given that Hallmark greeting cards have proven to be a great way to overcome some of the emotional restrictions that still reign in a number of Asian societies.Becoming Don Juan without losing faceThe problem in Eastern societies is that cultural norms and romance often run into a dilemma: how do you tell a girl that you fancy her without putting yourself in a position in which you could "lose face"? In China, for example, because of cultural norms, men will perhaps never be mistaken for Shakespeare's Romeo. Romance, of the Western variety, is simply not a Chinese man's cup of tea. So, how do you overcome this dilemma? To sidestep possible pitfalls of cultural impropriety, the Chinese Don Juan goes and buys his sweetie a Hallmark card for Valentine's Day. Thus, he can express his emotions through a pre-made message on paper, rather than through uncomfortable sweet talk in person.In Japan and Korea, the rules are somewhat different. Here men generally tend to bemuch less inhibited about their emotions and romantic interests. To assess just how emotional Japanese men can be in all walks of life, just recall the occasional news feature of a top Japanese or Korean CEO apologizing in tears for the weak performance or bankruptcy of his company in front of his nation's TV cameras.In Japan and Korea, it is the women that are more emotionally inhibited than the men. So, in order for them to display some affection in a suitable manner, women will send out the Hallmark Valentine cards to the object of their affection. But, if you think Hallmark cards need to be translated into the different Asian languages to enable lovers to exchange tender words, think again.Love talk is global, and no language skills are required.Since most of the Hallmark cards bought in Asia are produced within country, it seemed only natural that Hallmark cards would be translated into the local vernacular. To accommodate customers throughout the world, Hallmark prints greeting cards in 30 different languages.Thus, cards are now actually being printed in Mandarin and Japanese with plans to extend the translations to various Indian languages, such as Hindi, Gujarati and Tamil. Customer surveys, however, revealed that this effort was not really necessary.English is the hip thingYou see, if you really want to impress your Chinese girlfriend or your Japanese boyfriend, don't send them a Japanese or Mandarin language card. This is a turn-off. Contrary to Hallmark's expectations, it turns out that Asian lovers prefer to give their sweeties English-language cards even when they speak little or no English. It is just the hip thing to do.And upon learning of this cultural preference, Hallmark reacted quickly. Even though Chinese and Japanese descendants of Romeo and Juliet are now able to buy greeting cards in their native language, Hallmark has made sure the supply of greeting cards in English is plentiful. Thus, their customers can achieve both a display of their hip cosmopolitan flair, while also sending their sweetie that all-important message of love at the same time.Ａ霍尔马克的亚洲情人节情人节赠送贺卡从表面上看是美国的作法，但这种现象也正在亚洲生根发芽。
unit8课文翻译
第八单元Grinding is a manufacturing process that involves the removal of metal by employing a rotating abrasive wheel. The latter simulates a milling cutter with an extremely large number of miniature cutting edges.磨削是通过采用旋转磨轮去除金属的制造工艺。
磨轮用非常大量的微型切削刃模仿铣刀进行切削。
Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines.一般而言，磨削被认为是一种通常用于获得高尺寸精度和较好表面光洁度的精加工作业。
磨削通过采用被称为磨床的特殊机床能在平面、圆柱面甚至内表面上进行。
Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground, e.g., cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines.显然，磨床根据结构和功能的不同有所区别，使用何种形式的磨床主要取决于被磨削表面的几何形状和物理性质。
英译汉第八课
(3) 金额、日期 • 金额为50000美元（大写为伍万美元整） • USD 50,000 (in Words FIFTY THOUSAND US DOLLARS ONLY) • 发票货值须货到付给。 • The invoice value is to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods. • 你方须在6月15日前发货。 • You shall deliver the goods by June 15th (before June 16th). • 该货于11月10日由“东风”轮运出，41天后抵达鹿特丹 港。 • The goods shall be shipped by “Dongfeng” on November 10th and are due to arrive at Rotterdam in 41days.
(2) 缩略语 • • • • • • • • • L/C=letter of credit B/L =bill of lading P/L =packing list PCT=percent INV=invoice REF=reference FOB=Free on board (离岸价） CFR=cost and freight （成本加运费） CIF=cost, insurance and freight （到岸价）
what is business letter?
• A commercial business letter is a letter written in formal language, usually used when writing from one business organization to another, or for correspondence between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. • The overall style of letter will depend on the relationship between the parties concerned. • There are many reasons to write a business letter. It could be to request direct information or action from another party, to order supplies from a supplier, to identify a mistake that was committed, to reply directly to a request, to apologize for a wrong or simply to convey goodwill. Even today, the business letter is still very useful because it produces a permanent record, is confidential, formal and delivers persuasive, well-considered messages.
外贸英语的课后中文翻译
外贸英语的课后中文翻译外贸英语的课后中文翻译翻译是在准确（信）、通顺（达）、优美（雅）的基础上，把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。
以下是店铺为大家整理的外贸英语的课后中文翻译，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
1.我们从中国驻东京大使馆商务参赞处得知贵公司的行名和地址并了解贵公司是经营家用电器产品有经验的出口商We obtained your name and address from commercial counsellor’s office of the Chinese embassy in Tokyo. They have informed us that you are experienced exporter in the market for home electrical appliances.2. 我们的一个客户对你们的新产品感兴趣One of our customers is interested in your new production.3. 我们的一个日本客户想要购买中国红茶One of our customers in Japan wants to be in the market for black tea.4. 如你所知我们的外贸政策是在平等互利的基础上与各国人民做生意As you know, our policy is to trade with merchants of various countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.5. 我们希望你方尽最大努力促进业务又增进友谊。
We hope you can try your best to promote both trade and friendship.6. 谢谢你方来函表示提供服务我方愿与你方就扩大贸易的可能性进行讨论。
Thanks for your letter about service supply, we are willing to talk about the possibility of promoting trade.7. 我们了解到你公司是中国手工艺品的出口商因此冒昧的写信给你We have acknowledged that your company is the exporter of Chinese handicraft.8. 我们相信贵我双方的业务将随着时间的推移而得到发展。
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Lesson 8
A.Text（课文）
欧洲联盟（“欧盟”）
引言
自1957年罗马条约签订以来，欧洲一体化问题已取得了长足的进展。
欧盟内部统一市场已经形成，经济和货币的联盟也计划在20世纪末完成。
目前欧盟成员国已发展到15个，它们是奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典和英国。
1996年这15国国内生产总值的总和达到67420亿欧洲货币单位（ECU），超过了世界上另两大经济集团美国和日本，约为前者的1.17倍，后者的1.8倍。
与2.65亿人口的美国和1.25亿人口的日本相比，拥有3.73亿人口的欧盟，是世界上最大的经济体。
自由统一市场
根据《罗马条约》第2款，欧盟的总目标是要促成成员国经济增长的协调发展，并加速提高成员国国民生活水平和福利待遇。
要达到此目标，可以通过各种不同的途径。
然而，很明显，欧盟选择了“自由市场”这一手段而不是靠制订计划或其他国家干预的策略。
一个巨大、自由而具有竞争性的市场不仅可以提高生产效率，建立更符合市场需要的规模经济，使生产要素达到最佳配置，而且还可以激励研究和开发，反过来还能降低单位成本和增强欧洲工业的竞争力。
另一方面，人们普遍认为政府干预只会对竞争不利，只会有损于生产要素的最佳配置。
因此，《罗马条约》第2款强调要建立（欧洲）共同市场，并视其为提高人民生活水平和福利待遇的主要手段。
第2款还强调了成员国的经济政策有必要尽可能一致，这是因为要确保公平竞争和稳定的国际贸易关系，就需要贸易各国政策的协调。
例如，不同的税制会带来生产成本和获利机遇的不均，从而造成对不同成员国生产者间的不公。
同样，不同的（政府）补贴、不同的环境政策、不同的社会保障体制、不同的卫生和安全标准以及不同的质量管理要求等，也会造成同样的问题。
下列因素都能起到鼓励内部市场竞争的作用：
●打破国界造成的进入市场的壁垒；
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●开拓（国家）公开采购市场；
●消除或减少（国家）垄断；
●取消市场限制，实行自由化（比如对金融市场）。
共同政策
为了营造更具竞争性的环境，欧盟制定了一系列相对严格的竞争规则。
这些规则禁止：
●公司签订限制性的协议及执行限制性的行为；
●公司滥用其具有的主导优势；
●国家政府对企业的援助。
但以上这些只涉及成员国之间的贸易。
例如，联盟法律并不禁止，在国家范围内实施的“同业联盟”（Cartel）（虽然Cartel也可能会遭到国家法律的禁止）。
多数竞争规则都是根据《罗马条约》制定的。
《罗马条约》第85款禁止签订和实施可能影响联盟内部贸易进行或导致竞争走样的限制性协议，如限价、市场分配、限产、独家采购及独家经销等协议。
然而，该款第三部分又赋予个体和集团对这些禁令的豁免权，如果竞争的减少会给公众带来利益的补偿。
比如联合研究开发、专利许可、机动车经销特许等。
就拿“联合研究开发”来说，它可能有积极的外部效应，也可能因为费用过高，单靠一家企业难以承担。
货币政策
欧盟货币政策的出台，其主要目的是要消除国际经济关系中的不稳定因素。
汇率的剧烈波动会给国际贸易带来负面影响，因为这会使国际交易更具风险。
1971年布雷顿森林固定汇率制瓦解后，要求建立稳定的欧洲货币政策的呼声空前高涨。
经过一些早期努力达成共识之后，欧洲货币体系于1979年开始正式运作。
所有欧盟国家均是成员国，其中加入“汇率机制”（ERM）较晚的国家有西班牙（1989年加入）、英国（1990年10月加入）、葡萄牙（1992年初加入），唯有希腊至今尚未加入ERM。
在欧洲货币体系的汇率机制内，各国货币只允许在中心汇率±2.25%（小幅度）或±6%（大幅度）的范围内浮动。
中心汇率是根据欧洲货币单位（ECU）来计算的（“欧洲货币单----------专业最好文档，专业为你服务，急你所急，供你所需-------------
位”是一篮子一定比重的欧洲货币组成的）。
在一篮子欧洲货币中，各国货币所占比重由该国国内生产总值及其在欧盟内部的贸易量占欧洲经济总量的比重而定，每隔五年或经提出要求可重新修订。
“汇率机制”（ERM）形成了一种“平价栅”，各国货币通过与ECU中心汇率的固定关系（在浮动幅度内）相互“钉住”。
如果一国货币的浮动有可能突破浮动幅度时，成员国中央银行将被迫进行干预，买进“软货币”并抛售“硬货币”。
这种机制也是可调整的。
如果由于基本经济因素的原因迫使一国货币不断升值或不断贬值，成员国可以采取集体决定的办法，通过改变ECU中央汇率来使一国货币贬值或升值。
这种重新调整的方法经常被使用，尤其是在80年代初期。
实际上，这种汇率机制并非完全固定的：通过控制浮动的幅度可以建立某种灵活机制，同时也可以大幅度地进行调整。
这样做的目的至少可以维持短期汇率的稳定。
直到1992年，这种方法的使用都非常成功。
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