选修八 U1 课文挖空

选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-ReadingCALIFORNIACalifornia is the 1.________________(three) largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the 2. ________________(差别；区分)of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the 3. ________________（移民）4. ________________（短：继续存在）in their new home. This diversity of culture is not 5. ________________(surprise) when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS6. ________________(exact) when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However,7. ________________ (短：很有可能) Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering8. ________________（海峡）in the Arctic to America9. ________________ （短：用…方法；借助…）a land bridge 10. ________________existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the 11. ________________（arrive）of the Europeans, the native people suffered 12. ________________(great). Thousands 13. ________________ (kill) or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases 14. ________________(bring) by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans 15. ________________(live) in California than in any other state.THE SPANISHIn the 18th century California 16. ________________( rule) by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, 17. ________________they fought against the native people and took 18. ________________ land. Two centuries 19. ________________(late), the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of 20. ________________we now call the United States. 21. ________________the first Spanish to go to California, the 22. ________________（大多数）were religious men, whose 23. ________________（部；牧师的职责）was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 24. ________________1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence 25. ________________Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war 26. ________________Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is 27. ________________today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.RUSSIANSIn the early 1800s, Russian hunters, 28. ________________had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there 29. ________________(be) about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco.GOLD MINERSIn 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold 30. ________________(discovery) in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then 31. ________________(冒险者) from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to 32. ________________（短：习惯于新的生活方式）for themselves 33. ________________（尽管；不管）great 34. ________________（苦难；困苦）. They settled in the new towns or 35. ________________ farms. By the time California 36. ________________（选择；选举某人）to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a 37. ________________（multiculture）society.LATER A RRIV ALSAlthough Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the 38. ________________（铁路；扶手）network from the west to the east coast 39. ________________ brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, 40. ________________ a large 41. ________________（百分百）have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.42. ________________ immigrants such as 43. ________________（意大利人）, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the late 19th century. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still 44. ________________（短：沿袭；坚持）heir Danish culture. By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California. The industry 45. ________________（繁荣）attracted Europeans 46. ________________(include) many Jewish people. Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States.Japanese farmers began arriving in California 47. ________________ the beginning of the 20th century, and since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. People from Africa have been living in California 48. ________________ the 1800s, when they moved north from Mexico. However, even more arrived between 1942 and 1945 to work in the ship and 49. ________________（飞行器；飞机）industries.MOST RECENT ARRIV ALSIn more recent decades, California has become home 50. ________________ more people from Asia, including Koreans, Cambodians, Vietnamese and Laotians. Since 51. ________________beginning in the 1970s, the computer industry has attracted Indians and Pakistanis to California.THE FUTUREPeople from different parts of the world, 52. ________________(attract) by the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. It is believed 53.________________ before long the mix of nationalities will be 54. ________________great that there will be no distinct major 55. ________________（种族的；人种的）or cultural groups, but 56. ________________(simple) a mixture of many races and cultures.GEORGE’S DIARY 12TH—14TH JUNEMonday 12th, JuneArrived early this morning by bus. Went straight to hotel to drop my 1.________________ （行李）, shower and shave. Then went exploring. First thing was a ride on a cable car. From top of the hill got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city. 2.________________（build）in 1873, the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport 3.________________ horse-drawn trams. 4.________________(apparent) he'd been shocked when he saw a terrible accident 5.________________ 6.________________a tram's brakes failed, the 7.________________(指挥；列车员) could not control the situation and the tram 8.________________（滑行；滑动）down the hill dragging the horses with it.Had a late lunch at Fisherman's Wharf. This is the district 9.________________Italian fishermen first came to San Francisco in the late 19th century and began the fishing industry. Now it's a tourist area 10.________________ lots of shops, sea food restaurants and bakeries. It's also the place to catch the ferry to Angel Island and 11.________________ places in the Bay.Did so much exploring at Fisherman's What. Am exhausted and don't feel like doing anything else. Early bed tonight!Tuesday 13th, June12.________________（短：与…一起合作）a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and 13.________________（雇用；租用）a car. Spent all day14.________________（drive）around the city. There's a fascinating drive15.________________（短：标出…界限）for tourists. It has blue and white signs16.________________ seagulls on them to show the way to go. It's a 79km round-trip that 17.________________（短：吸收：包括）all the famous tourist spots. Stopped many times to admire the view of the city from different18.________________（角度）and take photographs. Now have a really good idea of19.________________the city's like.In evening, went to Chinatown with Peter and Terri. Chinese immigrants settled in this area in the 1850s. The fronts of the buildings are decorated to look like old buildings in 20.________________（south）China. Saw some interesting temples here, a number of 21,________________（market）and a great many restaurants. Also art galleries and a museum 22.________________（contain）documents,photographs and all sorts of objects about the history of Chinese immigration, but it is closed in the evening. Will go back during the day. Had a delicious meal and then walked down the hill 23.________________ our hotel.Wednesday 14th, JuneIn morning, took ferry to Angel Island from the port in San Francisco Bay.24.________________ the way had a good view of the Golden Gate Bridge. From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station 25.________________ many Chinese people 26.________________（短：申请）right to live in USA. The cells in the station were very small, cold and damp; 27.________________ did not even have light but the immigrants had nowhere else to go. Their miserable stay seemed to be 28.________________（惩罚）rather than 29.________________（公平；正义）and freedom to them. They wrote poems on the walls about their 30.________________（lonely）and mourned their former life in China. In 1940 the civil authorities 31.________________(改革) the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. Made me very thoughtful and thankful for my life today.。