风荷载特点

高层建筑横向承载力

摘要：随着经济的发展,近年来高层建筑尤其是体型复杂的超高层建筑得到了蓬勃的发展。一般而言，高层建筑物占地面积少，建筑面积大，造型独特，相对集中。这一特点使得高层建筑物在人口稠密的大城市迅速发展。但是高层建筑物上风荷载也越来越大，导致水平荷载不断增大。因此，高层建筑物需要较大的承载力和刚度来解决水平荷载的问题。关键词：风载荷高层建筑物影响

在高层建筑中，竖向荷载对结构设计产生重要影响，但水平荷载却起着决定性作用。因为建筑自重和楼面使用荷载在竖向构件中所引起的轴力和弯矩的数值，仅与建筑高度的一次方成正比；而水平荷载对结构产生的倾覆力矩、以及由此在竖向构件中所引起的轴力，是与建筑高度的两次方成正比；另一方面，对一定高度建筑来说，竖向荷载大体上是定值，而作为水平荷载的风荷载和地震作用，其数值是随着结构动力性的不同而有较大的变化。对一些较柔的高层建筑，风荷载是结构设计的控制因素，随着建筑物高度的增高，风荷载的影响越来越大。高层建筑中除了地震作用的水平力以外，主要的侧向荷载是风荷载，在荷载组合时往往起控制作用。因此，高层建筑在风荷载作用下的结构分析与设计引起了研究人员和工程师们的重视。

建筑设计应符合抗震概念设计的要求，不应采用严重不规则的设计方案。高层建筑不应采用严重不规则的结构体系，应符合下列要求：1、应具有必要的承载能力、刚度和变形能力；

2、应避免因部分结构或构件的破坏而导致整个结构丧失承受重力荷载、风荷载和地震作用的能力；

3、对可能出现的薄弱部位，应采取有效措施予以加强。

高层建筑的结构体系尚宜符合要求：结构的竖向和水平布置宜具有合理的刚度和承载力分布，避免因局部突变和扭转效应而形成薄弱部位。风荷载是结构的重要设计荷载，特别对于高耸结构(如烟囱、塔架、桅杆等)、高层建筑、大跨度桥梁、冷却塔、屋盖等，有时甚至起到决定性的作用，因而抗风设计是工程结构中的重要课题。

近二十年来，国内外建造了超高层建筑和大跨度结构。对这些限高层建筑结构风荷载和风震响应的计算分析，确保高层建筑物的质量是十分必要的。

参考文献：

[1]黄本才，结构抗风分析原理及应用[M]，天津：同济大学出版社，2001，1-7

[2]张向庭.工程抗风设计计算手册[M]，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1998

[3]GB50009)2001建筑结构荷载规范[S]，2001，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002

lateral capacity of high-rise building

Abstract: with the development of economy, high-rise buildings in recent years, especially the shape of complex tall building has been booming development. In general, the tall building covers an area of less, a building area of large, distinctive modelling, relatively concentrated. This characteristic makes the high-rise buildings in densely populated cities develop rapidly. But high-rise building wind load is bigger and bigger, resulting in an increasing horizontal load. Therefore, high-rise buildings larger bearing capacity and stiffness are needed to solve the problem of horizontal load.

Keywords: wind load in high-rise buildings

In high-rise buildings, the vertical load important influence on structure design, but the horizontal load is plays a decisive role. Because construction self-respect and floor use load on axial force and bending moment caused by the vertical component of values, the direct ratio and building height only once; And horizontal load on the structure of the overturning

moment, and thus caused by the axial force in the vertical component, is the direct ratio and building height twice; On the other hand, for a certain height building, vertical load is substantially constant value, and as a horizontal load of wind load and earthquake action, its value is as the change of structure performance of different and have bigger. The formation of some soft high-rise buildings, wind load is structure design of the control factors, increased along with the height of the building, the influence of wind load is bigger and bigger. In the high-rise building in addition to the seismic action of horizontal force, the main lateral load is wind load, the load combination often on the control effect. Therefore, the structure of the high-rise building under wind load analysis and design caused the attention of the researchers and engineers. Architectural design should accord with the requirement of seismic conceptual design, no serious irregular design scheme should be adopted. System should not adopt a serious irregular structures of tall building, shall meet the following requirements: