2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI经济学人名词解释总结
贸大翻硕考研-2016年对外经济贸易大学MTI翻译硕士考研真题、笔记

一、开幕词、闭幕词的含义和作用(一)开幕词的含义和作用开幕词是大型会议开始的时候,由组织召开会议的机关的主要领导人向大会全体代表发表的讲话。
开幕词的内容主要是阐述会议的指导思想、宗旨、重要意义,向与会者提出开好会议的要求,或对会议的成功表示祝愿。
开幕词是大会正式召开的标志,主要领导人亲临大会并发表开幕词,显示了组织者对大会的重视。
开幕词所提出的会议宗旨,是大会的主导思想,所阐明的目的、任务、要求等,对于会议有着重要的指导作用。
会议结束之后,与会者传达会议精神时,开幕词也是其重要的依据之一。
(二)闭幕词的含义和作用闭幕词与开幕词相对应,是会议结束时由主要领导人向全体会议代表所作的总结性讲话。
致闭幕词的领导人,跟致开幕词的领导人一般不是一人,通常与致开幕者身份相当或略低。
闭幕词的主要内容是对会议作概括性的评价和总结,并向与会者提出贯彻落实大会精神的要求,向与会单位提出奋斗目标和希望。
办任何事情都不能虎头蛇尾,大会有一个隆重的开头,也应该有一个郑重的结尾。
会议是否能给人圆满的印象,闭幕词起着重要的作用。
二、开幕词、闭幕词的写法(一)开幕词的写法1.标题、时间、称谓开幕词的标题,有三种写法:一是由大会名称加文种组成,如邓小平所作的《中国共产党第十二次全国代表大会开幕词>>二是由致词人姓名、大会名称、文种组成,如《×××同志在××××大会上的开幕词》。
三是在文种名称上有所变通,如江泽民1999年12月2日《在〈维也纳公约〉缔约方大会第五次会议和〈蒙特利尔议定书〉缔约方大会第十一次会议部长级会议开幕式上的致辞》。
开幕词的时间,加括号标写在标题下方正中位置。
称谓是对与会者的统称。
如果是党的会议,称谓比较简单,就是“同志们”三个字,后加冒号。
如果是国际会议,要按照国际惯例来排列顺序,较常见的是:“各位嘉宾,女士们,先生们”,后加冒号。
对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研热词总结

MTI考试中整理出来的名词翻译Cancun conference2010:2010年坎昆会议Bogor Goals:茂物宣言3R economy:3R经济(Reduce,recycle,reuse)Reforestation:重新造林UN security council:联合国安理会千年发展计划:MDGS(Millennium Development Goals)雷曼兄弟:Lehman Brothers国家一二五计划:The State Plan上海合作组织:SCO(ShangHai Cooperation Organization)美联储:The Federal ReserveG20:20国集团Confucius:孔子Gaza Strip:加沙地带quantitative easing:量化宽松货币政策WTO:世界贸易组织循环经济:Circular economy天人合一:Theory that man is an integral part of nature国富论:The Wealth of Nation货币战争:Currency War朝核危机:North Korea Nuclear CrisisThe UK coalition government:英国联合政府靖国神社:Yasukuni Shrine钓鱼岛:Diaoyu Island《日美安保条约》:Japan-us security treaty人民币汇率政策:Exchange rate of RMB Policy金砖四国:BRIC居民消费价格指数:CPI存款储备金率:Deposit reserve ratio同比:year to year上证综合指数:Shanghai composite index环保低碳生活新理念:Environmental protection lowcarbon life new idea 金靴奖:Golden Shoe世界足联:FIFA辛亥革命:The Revolution of1911国台办:State Council Taiwan Affairs Office of cross-strait君主专制制度:Autocratic monarchy杜尚别:dushanbeOEM:原始设备制造商Air France:法国航空公司America Stock Exchange:美国证券交易所United Nation Peacekeeping Forces:联合国维和部队宏观调控:macro-control公共卫生体系:The public health system综合国力:Comprehensive national strength商业贿赂:Commercial bribery平等互利:Equality and mutual benefit出口退税:export rebates自主创新:self-dependent innovation生态环境保护:Ecological environment protection西部大开发:west development私营经济:the private sector海基会:StraitsExchange Foundation上海公报:ShanghaiCommunique儒林外史:TheScholars国际先驱论坛报:InternationalHerald Tribune海关总署:CustomsBureauAssociate press:美联社A Midsummer Night’s Dream:仲夏夜之梦Inverse translation:逆向翻译不可抗力:force majeure实体经济:substantial economy廉租房:low-rent housing第三产业:tertiary industryGNP:国民生产总值UNCF:联合国儿童基金会linguafranca:通用语,混合语poly systemtheory:多元系统理论Intersemiotictranslation:符号翻译转变政府职能:transform the government functions民族先知:National prophets生态补偿机制:a mechanism for ecological compensation 虚拟经济:fictitious economyUNEP:联合国环境规划署Cockney:伦敦腔聘礼:betrothal presents针灸:acupuncture and moxibustion双面绣:double-faced embroidery重症监护病房:ICU学龄前儿童:preschoolers国有企业:state-owned business半导体:semiconductorThe NewYork Review of Books:纽约书评Spinster:老处女Defendant:被告lump-sum contract:工程总承包合同economic giant:经济大国保税工厂:tariff factory美食家:gourmet道家:TaoismGMT:格林威治标准时间(Greenwich Mean Time)GATT:关税暨贸易总协定(General Agreement onTariffs and Trade)不良贷款:NPL(non-performing loan)CAAC:中国民用航空总局(General Administration ofCivil Aviation of China);CPPCC:中国人民政治协商会议(Chinese People'sPolitical Consultative Conference)purchasingpower parity:购买力平价伪娘:cross-dresser第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议:11th National People's Congress third meeting传销:pyramid sellingcurrencyappreciation:货币升值thebook of songs:诗经thedivine comedy:神曲术语:terminologymigrant rural labors:农村劳动力流动weapons of massive destruction:大规模杀伤性武器brain drain:人才流失育明教育孙老师整理,来育明教育赠送资料,更多真题可咨询孙老师。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研管理类英语词汇,考研参考书,考研真题

管理类英语词汇目标mission/objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment集体目标group objective计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service 策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource 购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival 晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration 偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark 现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection自动化检验automatic assembly system自动化装配系统applied biomechanics应用生物力学CAD/CAM计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system计算机整合制造系统data structure数据结构data base management system数据库管理系统decision analysis决策分析engineering economy工程经济engineering statistics工程统计facilities planning设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction(HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering人因工程human information processing人类讯息处理human-machine system design人机系统设计human resource management人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation工业环境评估industrial organizations and management工业组织与管理industrial safety工业安全information technology信息技术intellectual property laws智慧财产权法knowledge engineering知识工程linear algebra线性代数manufacturing automation制造自动化manufacturing engineering制造工程manufacturing management制造管理manufacturing process制造程序manufacturing systems and management制造系统与管理market and marketing市场与行销material flows automation物流自动化mathematical programming数学规划multicriteria decision making多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods多准则决策分析network analysis网络分析numerical analysis数值分析organization and management组织与管理product and technology development management产品与技术开发管理production management生产管理production planning and control生产计划与管制quality control质量管理quality engineering品质工程quality management techniques and practice品质管理queueing theory等候线理论reliability engineering可靠度工程research,development and innovation management研究发展管理semiconductor production management半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling排序与排程simulation模拟分析statistical method统计方法stochastic processes随机系统strategic management of technology技术策略system analysis and design in large scale大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering系统品质保证工程systems engineering系统工程systems simulation系统仿真vision and colors视觉与色彩work physiology工作生理学work study工作研究2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题育明状元学员回忆一.词汇翻译(30分)英译汉:从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分,一个3分)1added value tax增值税增值税是以商品(含应税劳务)在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际经济法专业术语,考研真题

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1.EXW工厂交货(指定地点)2.FCA:货交承运人(指定地点)3.FAS:船边交货(指定装运港)4.FOB:船上交货(指定装运港)5.CFR::成本加运费(指定目的港6.CIF::成本、保险加运费(指定目的港)7.CPT;:运费付至(指定目的地)8.DAF:边境交货(指定地点)9.DES::目的港船上交货(指定目的港)10.DEQ;目的港码头交货(指定目的港11.DDU:未完税交货(指定目的地)12.DDP:完税交货(指定目的地)13.Offer::要约14.Offeror;:要约人;报价人;发盘人15.Offeree:受要约人;接盘人,受盘人;被发价人16.Invitation for offer:要约邀请;发盘邀请17.Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18.Cross offer:交叉发盘;交叉报价;交错报价;交叉发价19.Withdrawal:要约的撤回20.Revocability::发价的撤销21.Counter-offer;还价;还盘;反要约22.Acceptance:接受;接纳;承兑;赞同23.Mail box rule:投递生效原则24.Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则te acceptance::迟到的承诺;逾期承诺26.Identified to the contract:将货物特定化;将货物划定在该项合同项下(将货物划作履行某一合同的标的)27.Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据;船运单据28.Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29.Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30.Fundamental breach of contract根本违约;重大违约31.Anticipatory breach先期违约32.Specific performance实际履行33.Breach of condition违反条件条款34.Breach of warranty违反担保条款35.Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36.Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37.To the order of the seller or his agent:以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单;凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38.Sale on approval::试销;试用买卖39.Floating cargo::在途货物;水运途中的货物40.Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41.Sales by specification,grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42.Fair average quality符合通常目的;中等品;良好平均品质(国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准)43.Sales by brand of trade mark44.More or less clause溢短装条款;或多或少条款45.Bulk cargo:散装货46.Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货,裸包装47.Gross for net:以毛重作净重,以毛作净$500Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49.Fixed price定价;标价;固定价格50.Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51.Time of shipment装运时间,装船时间52.Time of delivery交货时间,交付时间53.Advice of shipment:装运通知,装船通知54.Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55.Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56.Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57.After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58.Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书;品质检验证书59.Inspection certificate of weight:重量检验证书60.Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61.Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书;动物检疫证书62.Plant quarantine certification植物(病虫害)检疫证明63.Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64.Arbitration仲裁,公断65.Bill of lading提单66.Charter-party:租船合同67.Gencon航次租船合同68.Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69.Prima facie evidence:初步证据70.Conclusive evidence绝对证据;最后证据;决定性证据71.Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72.Received for shipment B/L备运提单;收货待运提单73.Clean B/L清洁提单74.Claused B/L,or Foul B/L不清洁提单75.Letter of Indemnity保函;保证书76.Open B/L,Bearer B/L不记名提单;77.Oder b/L指示提单78.Direct B/L:直达提单79.Ocean through B/L:海上联运提单80.Liner B/L:班轮提单81.Charter B/L:租船提单82.Negotiable quality:流通性;可转让性83.Assignor:转让人;出让人84.Assignee:受让人;代理人;受托人85.Endorsement in blank:空白背书;不记名背书86.Special endorsement:记名背书87.Due diligence:特别背书应有的谨慎;应有的注意88.Seaworthiness船舶适航89.Cargoworthiness适货tent defect潜在缺陷91.From tackle to tackle钩到钩92.Deviation绕行93.Voyage Charter航次租船94.Time charter定期租船合同95.Charter by demise光船租船ytime装卸时间97.Demurrage滞期费98.Dispatch money速遣费99.Lien留置权100.Trading limits航区限制101.Chartered period特许期限102.Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿(条款)103.Payment of hire租金104.Off hire停租105.Air consignment航空托运106.Air waybill航空货运单107.Successive carriers连续承运人108.Actrual carrier实际承运人109.International multimodal transport国际多式联运110.Container集装箱111.Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则work liability principle网状责任制113.Insurable interest保险利益114.Disclosure of material facts重要事实披露115.Material representation116.insurance policy保险单117.Accidents意外事故118.Total loss全损119.Partial loss部分损失120.General average共同海损121.Particular average单独海损122.Actual total loss实际全损123.Constructive total loss推定全损124.Sue and labour expenses施救费用125.Salvage charge救助费用126.Free from particular average(FPA)平安险127.With particular average(WPA)水渍险128.All risks一切险129.Subrogation代位130.Abandonment委付131.Export credits guarantee出口信贷担保132.Negotiable instruments可转让票据133.Predecessor前手134.Promissory note本票135.Draft汇票136.Drawer出票人137.Drawee付款人138.Payee收款人139.Issue出票140.Sight bill即期汇票141.After sight见票后付款142.Without recourse无追索权143.Presentment出示144.Acceptance of draft承兑汇票145.Dishonour拒付146.Protest拒绝证书147.Notary public公证人148.Collection托收149.Principal委托方150.Remitting bank托收行151.Collecting bank代收行152.Remittance letter汇款书153.Document against payment(D/P)付款交单154.Document against payment sight即期付款交单155.Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156.Documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单157.Letter of credit(L/C)信用证158.Revocable L/C可撤销信用证159.Confirmed L/C保兑信用证160.Transferable and divisible L/C可转让分割信用证161.Standby L/C备用信用证162.Deferred payment L/C/延期付款信用证163.Applicant开证申请人164.Issuing bank开证行165.Advising bank通知行166.Beneficiary受益人167.Negotiating bank议付行168.Paying bank付款行169.GATT(全拼写)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定170.Absolute advantage theory绝对优势理论parative Advantage theory比较优势理论172.A la carte173.Grandfather clause祖父条款174.The negotiations Committee,TNC谈判委员会175.Ministerial-Level Meeting部长级会议176.Dunkel Draft邓克尔草案177.The Blair House Agreement布莱尔大厦协议178.WTO世界贸易组织179.Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》.中文简称,《建立世界贸易组织协定》.180.Plurilateral Trade Agreement诸边贸易协定181.Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制181.Ministerial Conference部长级会议182.General Council总理事会183.Council for Trade in Goods货物贸易理事会mittees on Trade and Development贸易与发展委员会mittees on Balance-of-payment Restrictions收支平衡限制委员会mittees on Budget,Finance and Administration预算,财务与行政小组委员会187.Secretariat of the WTO and Director-General世贸组织秘书处和总干事188.Privileges and immunity特权和豁免权189.Legal personality法人资格190.IMF国际货币基金组织191.IBRD国际复兴开发银行192.UNCTAD联合国贸易和发展会议,简称贸发会议193.WIPO世界知识产权组织194.ILO国际劳工组织195.Bank for International Settlement,BIS国际清算银行196.Regional Integration Agreement区域一体化协定197.Free Trade Area,Customs Union自由贸易区,关税同盟mon Market共同市场199.Reciprocity互惠200.MFN最惠国待遇201.The like products同类产品202.Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System商品名称及编码协调制度203.National treatment国民待遇204.Market access市场准入205.Import quotas进口配额206.Import license进口许可证207.Transparency透明度208.Ad valoren duty从价税209.Specific duty从量税bined duty结合税211.Import tariffs进口关税212.Transit duties过境税213.General tariff一般关税214.Generalized system of preference普遍优惠制215.Special preference216.Concession217.Schedule of tariff concession关税减让表218.Customs valuation海关估价219.Transaction value交易价值220.Deductive value倒扣价格mittee on Customs Valuation CCV海关估价委员会222.Agreement on Preshipment Inspection装运前检验协议223.Price verification价格鉴证224.Rule of origin原产地规则225.Import and export ordinance进出口条例226.Primary rule首要规则227.Residual rule剩余规则228.De minimis微量允许标准229.Dumping倾销230.Normal price正常价格231.The ordinary course of trade正常贸易过程232.Affiliated party关联方233.At arm’s length保持距离(原则)234.Constructed price推定价格235.Determination of injury反倾销产业损害236.Material injury实质损害237.Threat of material injury实质损害威胁238.Material retardation of the establishment of such industry实质性阻碍建立的产业239.Cumulative assessment累积评估240.Causal relationship因果关系241.Burden of proof举证责任;证明责任242.On-the–spot investigation实地考察;实地调查243.Best information available最佳获得资料;最佳可获得资料244.Preliminary determination初步认定;初裁245.Final determination最终裁决;最终裁定246.Judicial review司法审查247.Provisional measures临时措施248.Price undertakings价格承诺249.Retroactive application of anti-dumping duties追溯征收250.SCM补贴与反补贴措施协议251.Specificity(补贴)的专向性252.Prohibited subsidy禁止性补贴(253.Export subsidy出口补助254.Actionable subsidy(补贴协议)可诉补贴255.Nullification or impairment of benefit利益损害或丧失256.Serious prejudice严重损害257.State trading enterprises国营贸易企业ernment procurement政府采购业务259.Safeguard measures保障措施260.Gray area measures灰色区域措施261.Selective safeguards measures选择性的保障措施262.Voluntary export restraints自愿出口限制;出口自我设限;自动出口限制263.Orderly marketing arrangement有秩序销售协议264.Recent enough,sharp enough,sudden enough,significant enough进口数量的增长必须是在时间上足够临近的(recent enough),足够突然的(sudden enough),足够明显的(sharp enough),足够重要的(significant enough),并在数量上和性质上能造成或威胁造成严重损害265.Unforeseen development未预见的发展266.Clearly imminent迫在眉睫267.Import surcharges进口追加款;进口附加费268.TBT技术性贸易壁垒技术性贸易壁垒协议269.Conformity assessment procedures符合性评估程序270.Preparation,adoption and application of technical regulation准备,接受和应用技术规则272.SPS卫生和植物检疫措施协议273.Primary products初级产品;农产品274.Domestic support(农产品)国内支持275.Deficiency payment差额补贴276.AMS支持总量277.reasonable departure cla use合理背离条款278.Agreement Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles在关于棉纺织品的国际贸易中有担保义务280.ATC纺织品与服装协定281.GATS服务业贸易总协定282.Cross-border supply跨境交付;跨境提供283.Consumption abroad(服务贸易)境外消费mercial presence商业存在285.Movement of natural persons关于自然人流动问题谈判的决定286.Horizontal commitments水平承诺287.Wholesale trade service批发贸易服务288.Distributive trade service分销业服务289.TRIPs与贸易有关的知识产权协定290.Geographic indication地理标志291.Marks of origin原产国标记;产地标记292.Industrial design工业设计293.Patents专利yout designs of integrated circuits集成电路布图设计295.Coercive package licensing强制性一揽子许可296.Injunctions禁令297.Damages损害赔偿298.TRIMs与贸易有关的投资措施290.Optimal use合理利用291.Social accountability社会责任;social Accountability8000即"社会责任标准" petition policy竞争政策293.Consensus协商一致294.Negative consensus反向一致295.TPRB贸易政策评审机构296.DSB争端解决机构297Consultation磋商298.Exhaustion of remedy穷尽法律救济299.Violation case违反之诉300.Non-violation case非违反之诉301.Panel专家组302.Appellate body上诉机构303.Arbitration仲裁304.Parallel retaliation平行报复305.Cross retaliation交叉报复2015年8月资料来源:育明考研考博官网。
(完整word版)对外经济贸易大学国际贸易专业考试名词解释大全,推荐文档

对外经济贸易大学国际贸易专业考试名词解释大全第一章全球化与国际商务全球化:是指全球向一个更加一体化和相互依存的世界经济体系的转变。
有若干不同的侧面,主要包括市场全球化和生产全球化。
市场全球化:是指把历史上独特的和分离的国家市场合并为一个巨大的全球市场。
跨国贸易壁垒的降低,使得全球市场的国际销售更加容易;不同国家的消费者嗜好和偏爱正在趋同于某些全球标准,从而帮助建立了全球市场;技术创新也促进了市场全球化。
当前最为全球化的市场不是消费品市场,而是工业品和原材料市场。
生产全球化:是指从全球各地区筹供商品和服务,以利用各国在生产要素,如劳动力、能源、土地和资本上的成本和质量差异。
通过这种做法,公司希望降低其总成本构成;提高质量或改善它们所提供的产品的功能,从而更有效地竞争。
生产的全球化意味着传统的以市场为导向的或寻求资源的投资已经转变为寻求效率的对外直接投资。
跨国公司分拆其资产,并将生产的价值链国际化,这就是使企业必然采取复杂的国际一体化战略,将自身可以移动的资源与东道国不可移动的资源整合到一起。
(价值链的国际化)运输成本的下降,使生产在地理上按区域分布变得更为经济;受惠于技术革新的成果,信息处理和通信的实际成本也大大下降;因特网已成为促进国际服务贸易的主要力量;商用喷气式客机的发展也有助于许多国际企业将其世界范围内的各营运点结合在一起。
国际生产体系:(全球价值链的组织)包含了由通过直接投资、广泛的战略联盟以及契约性安排等方式整合在一起的企业所组成的复杂网络。
企业将生产和服务的各个环节安置在世界各地,以利用各地的成本优势、资源优势、物流优势和市场优势。
其显著特点在于:第一,无论是地区范围内还是全球范围内的整合程度都较高;第二,该体系更加强调系统整体的效率。
因此,全球市场中出现了越来越多的由跨国公司组织协调的各个生产体系整体之间的竞争,而不再是单个工厂或企业之间的竞争。
生产的国际化依赖于全球范围内的即时通信和信息系统,该系统可以实现对极为复杂的投资和外包契约关系网络的集中控制。
经济学人常用词汇和名词解释总结(DOC)

《经济学人》常用词汇总结备注:转自译言网: Raymond1、绝对优势(Absolute advantage)如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多,那么,这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、逆向选择(Adverse choice)在此状况下,保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
3、选择成本(Alternative cost)如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源,它所能生产的价值就是选择成本,也可以称之为机会成本。
4、需求的弧弹性(Arc elasticity of demand)如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值,P2 和Q2 为第二组值,那么,弧弹性就等于-(Q1-Q2)(P1+P2)/(P1-P2)(Q1+Q2)5、非对称的信息(Asymmetric information)在某些市场中,每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如,在旧车市场上,有关旧车质量的信息,卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
6、平均成本(Average cost)平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost)平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
8、平均产品(Average product)平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
9、平均可变成本(Average variable cost)平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
10、投资的β(Beta)β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言,它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时,一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
11、债券收益(Bond yield)债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
12、收支平衡图(Break-even chart)收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
13、预算线(Budget line)预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题、应用文写作归类

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,辅导讲义,考研参考书357英语翻译基础第一部分短语翻译加解释七个选五个翻译加解释E-Cbarries to entrycar poolingspecial drawing rightscurrent accountquotaexport credittertiary industryC-E全面二孩灵猫六国跨太平洋伙伴合作协定一带一路首次公开募股国际收支平衡表投资组合理论第二部分E-C世界银行集团的风险管理C-E第一部分三个古文句子翻译1.百川汇海阔风正好扬帆(后半句不大确定了)2.同心合意,庶几有成3.急人之急,雪中送炭,是中国所推崇的处世之道第二部分,篇章翻译是关于RCEP的,貌似是李克强的一个讲话。
211翻译硕士英语单选20题考的基本上都是词义辨析改错10题不是很难阅读四篇第一篇用机器鸟赶鸽子T/F/NG第二篇关于学习英语的(FT中文网原文)四选一第三篇关于Creation的选headings的题目第四篇关于Uber的文章(没记错的话也是FT中文网的文章)选句子填空写作图表作文给了两个图,第一个是FDI的图,第二个China's trade with Georfia(记不清是不是这个国家了)通过这两个图标分析说明中国在这个地区建立自由贸易区的可行性。
百科福之祸所依是谁说的2015诺贝尔文学奖武汉的意义法国西班牙分界线孙思邈写的书获得普利策奖和诺贝尔文学奖的唯一女作家狄更斯的小说晏殊的昨夜西风凋碧树中东地区矛盾冲突的原因二十四节气育明教育夏老师扣扣2017年英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传,《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002。
2、叶子南,《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。
北京:清华大学出版社,2001。
3、中国日报(China Daily):英语点睛:新词新译4、王恩冕,《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社,第三版,2010。
翻译硕士高频名词解释汇总、词汇及缩略语表

彗星
货币升值
基础四国
基督教
计划经济
纪晓岚
祭祀
加的夫
加尔文宗
加息
甲骨文 甲午战争
价值观念
假日经济
建筑
蛟龙号
教育的产业性
阶梯水价
节能减排 结构主义
解构
借代 金融危机
金文 近代文化
进士第
京都议定书
京沪高速公路
经济刺激计划
经济法
经济泡沫 经济全球化
经济软着陆 经济适用住房 经济衰退
经世学说
靖国神社
靖康之变
阿富汗 阿拉伯文化 阿姆斯特丹
埃菲尔铁塔 爱丁堡
爱默生 安居工程
奥运村 奥运会
八大菜系 巴鲁赫· 斯宾诺争鸣 保护主义 保障性住房 北京首都国际机场
本草纲目
本土性
彼得一世改革
兵马俑 博爱 博鳌亚洲论坛
不惑之年 不列颠百科全书
财政学 蔡元培
禅宗
禅宗的南宗修炼
产权
产业结构调整
商标法
商品房
上海合作组织
上巳节
上元节
上证综指 社会保险
社会保障制度
社会达尔文主义
社会意识形态 申遗 神曲
神舟九号飞船
审判机关 生态旅游
生态难民
生物多样性
圣经 十八大
十二五规划 十字军东征
石油输出国组织 石油危机
史记
世界杯金靴奖 世界地球日
世界多极化
世界贸易组织
世界三大热带雨林 世界三大宗教
世界遗产委员会
预案 元典 元曲
圆明园
云计算
债券
战国策 战国时代
战略性新兴产业
哲学
贞观之治
政治协商制度 知识产权
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研投资银行专业术语,考研真题

投资银行专业术语1、积极的投资管理模式(Active Management):积极的投资管理模式旨在争取高于某个市场或行业的表现。
采用此种方式的基金经理会按照投资研究、市场预测和自己的判断去灵活决定买卖哪一项证券。
2、积极成长型(Aggressive Growth Funds):积极成长型基金以追求获取最大资本利得为目标,投资标的主要为具高度发展潜力但目前股利不多或并无股利分派之新兴产业的普通股。
一般而言,这类基金的少有配息,但基金的净资产价值有可能因投资标的股价短期暴涨而大幅上升,反之,亦可能大跌,风险较高。
3、每年回报(Annual Return):从投资所得的每年平均利润或亏损。
4、套利基金(Arbitrage Fund):属于「对冲基金」(Hedge Fund,也称为避险基金)的一种,其投资标的相当广泛,但通常一档套利基金操作设计,只锁定一种标的进行套利,最常见的套利标的包括利率、汇率、可转债、购并与重组中的企业等。
5、卖价(Ask Price):指投资人将基金持份卖回给基金(公司)的价格。
卖价又称赎回价(redemption price),通常相当于净值(除非有赎回手续费redemption fees)。
6、资产调配(Asset Allocation):订立出最理想投资组合,包括证券、债券、现金或房地产的过程。
7、资产组合基金(Asset Allocation Fund):就是将投资理财上的「资产配置」概念,应用于单一基金上,由基金经理人针对全球经济和金融情势的变化,决定在不同市场、不同投资工具的资产配置比重。
8、认可基金(Authorized Funds):符合证监会规定可以在香港市场公开发售的单位信托或互惠基金。
惟获得认可不代表被证监会推荐。
9、平衡式基金(Balanced Funds):平衡式基金以追求长期成长、有稳定收益与安全三者兼具为目标。
投资标的包括债券、普通股与特别股,此类型基金的资本利得部份较少,但却有较多稳定的股利与利息收益。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题解析、百科知识总结、考研大纲

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,辅导讲义,考研参考书357英语翻译基础第一部分短语翻译加解释七个选五个翻译加解释E-Cbarries to entrycar poolingspecial drawing rightscurrent accountquotaexport credittertiary industryC-E全面二孩灵猫六国跨太平洋伙伴合作协定一带一路首次公开募股国际收支平衡表投资组合理论第二部分E-C世界银行集团的风险管理C-E第一部分三个古文句子翻译1.百川汇海阔风正好扬帆(后半句不大确定了)2.同心合意,庶几有成3.急人之急,雪中送炭,是中国所推崇的处世之道第二部分,篇章翻译是关于RCEP的,貌似是李克强的一个讲话。
211翻译硕士英语单选20题考的基本上都是词义辨析改错10题不是很难阅读四篇第一篇用机器鸟赶鸽子T/F/NG第二篇关于学习英语的(FT中文网原文)四选一第三篇关于Creation的选headings的题目第四篇关于Uber的文章(没记错的话也是FT中文网的文章)选句子填空写作图表作文给了两个图,第一个是FDI的图,第二个China's trade with Georfia(记不清是不是这个国家了)通过这两个图标分析说明中国在这个地区建立自由贸易区的可行性。
百科福之祸所依是谁说的2015诺贝尔文学奖武汉的意义法国西班牙分界线孙思邈写的书获得普利策奖和诺贝尔文学奖的唯一女作家狄更斯的小说晏殊的昨夜西风凋碧树中东地区矛盾冲突的原因二十四节气育明教育夏老师扣扣2017年英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传,《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2002。
2、叶子南,《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。
北京:清华大学出版社,2001。
3、中国日报(China Daily):英语点睛:新词新译4、王恩冕,《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社,第三版,2010。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题,考研参考书,考研经验,复试真题

对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题--百科知识解析1.2经济1.2.1考研真题及详解9.“中国经济实现8%以上的增长已无悬念,全世界的经济学家形成了共识。
回想年初,对经济走势有‘V’形、‘U’形、‘L’形、‘W’形等争论,很多人很悲观。
现在争论平息,中国经济成功实现了‘V’形反转。
”国家统计局总经济师姚景源在接受新华社记者采访时说,中国为世界经济摆脱危机作出了巨大贡献。
环顾全球,经济复苏的脚步缓慢而曲折。
虽然三季度发达国家经济形势出现好转,但据经济合作与发展组织预测,今年全年美国经济将萎缩2.5%,日本和欧元区将分别萎缩 5.3%和2.5%。
“金砖四国”中,俄穸斯经济仍处于深度负增长状态。
刚刚结朿中国之行的世界银行集团高级副行长托马斯认为,从规模看,中国一揽子计划是最大的。
“中国应当得高分,•因为中国是把这些政策付诸实施最及时、力度最明显的国家之一。
”上海汽车集团股份有限公司总裁陈虹对此深有感触。
今年国家出台了汽车产业振兴规划、小排量汽车减半征收购置税、汽车下乡等一系列扶持政策.上汽集团今年汽车销量同比增长45%,有望成为世界第八大汽车集团。
(南京大学2010翻译硕士)答:(1)国家统计局,成立于丨952年,是国务院直属机构,主管全国统计和国民经济核算工作,拟定统计工作法规、统计改革和统计现代化建设规划以及国家统计调査计划,组织领导和监督检査各地K、各部门的统计和国民经济核算工作,监督检査统计法律法规的实施。
其宗旨是及时、准确地发布最新、最全面的统计信息。
国家统计局设有11个职能司(室),包括:办公厅、政策法规司、统计设计管理司、国民经济综合统计司、国民经济核算司、工业交通统计司、固定资产投资统计司、贸易外经统计司、人口和社会科技司、人事司和财务基建司。
(2)新华社,全称新华通讯社,是中华人民共和国政府官方的国家通讯社,提供实时文字新闻、经济信息、新闻图片图表等,同时也是中华人民共和国国务院授权行使一定行政职能的国务院直属事业单位,是中国大陆法定新闻监管机构。
MTI经济类名词解释

引进国外智力(简称引智),就是通过请进国外人才(包括海外华侨、港、澳、台人才)和组织人员出国(境)培训两种形式,学习掌握国外的先进管理经验和实用技术。
走出去战略是以中国的公司为主导,服务于中国公司战略的一种跨国整合模式,我们从中可以获得更多的利益三网融合是指电信网、计算机网和有线电视网三大网络通过技术改造,能够提供包括语音、数据、图像等综合多媒体的通信业务。
“三网融合”后,民众可用电视遥控器打电话,在手机上看电视剧,随需选择网络和终端,只要拉一条线、或无线接入即完成通信、电视、上网等。
物联网的英文名称叫“The Internet of things”。
是通过智能感知、识别技术与普适计算、泛在网络的融合应用,被称为继计算机、互联网之后世界信息产业发展的第三次浪潮。
与其说物联网是网络,不如说物联网是业务和应用,物联网也被视为互联网的应用拓展。
森林碳汇(Forest Carbon Sinks)是指森林植物吸收大气中的二氧化碳并将其固定在植被或土壤中,从而减少该气体在大气中的浓度。
通俗地说,森林碳汇主要是指森林吸收并储存二氧化碳的多少,或者说是森林吸收并储存二氧化碳的能力。
京都议定书英文名称:Kyoto Protocol 定义:1997年在日本京都召开的《气候框架公约》第三次缔约方大会上通过的国际性公约,为各国的二氧化碳排放量规定了标准,即:在2008年至2012年间,全球主要工业国家的工业二氧化碳排放量比1990年的排放量平均要低5.2%。
所谓“米袋子”,就是指粮食问题,从粮食的种植,一直到收购、运销和市场价格的调控;而“菜篮子”,则不仅指蔬菜,还包括城镇供应的菜肉蛋禽鱼等农副产品。
引进国外智力(简称引智),就是通过请进国外人才(包括海外华侨、港、澳、台人才)和组织人员出国(境)培训两种形式,学习掌握国外的先进管理经验和实用技术。
走出去战略是以中国的公司为主导,服务于中国公司战略的一种跨国整合模式,我们从中可以获得更多的利益三网融合是指电信网、计算机网和有线电视网三大网络通过技术改造,能够提供包括语音、数据、图像等综合多媒体的通信业务。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际商务英语—名词解释,考研参考书,考研真题

国际商务英语—名词解释Visible trade有形贸易:The form of commodity trade,i.e.exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(including cash transaction-by means of money and market,and counter trade)Invisible trade无形贸易:The form of transportation,communication,banking,insurance, consulting,information etc.is called invisible trade or service industries.FDI(foreign direct investments)is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.Portfolio investment证券投资:Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.Stocks股票:Capital stocks or bonds.Bonds债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.Licensing许可经营:In licensing,a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business,and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.Franchising特许经营:a firm called the franchisee,is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks,brand names,logos,and operating techniques for royalty.Franchiser特许方:A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks,brand names,logos and operating techniques for royalty.Franchisee被特许方:A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.Management contract管理合同:Under a management contract,one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程:a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing,contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.International investment国际投资:Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.International business国际商务:Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build,O for operate and T for transfer.For a BOT project,a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.GNP国民生产总值:Gross national Product.The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP国内生产总值:Gross Domestic Product.The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值:It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population,which reveals the average income level of consumers.Income distribution收入分布:The proportions of its rich,middle income and poor people. capability at/in cost for/of at reasonable costs levied on take into account without reference to(不针对)make efforts to engage inFree trade area自由贸易区:The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policyCustoms union关税同盟:The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policyCommon market共同市场:The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.Economic Union(EU)经济同盟:The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production,adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation,government expenditure,industry policies and use the same currency.Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司总部is the original investing multinational corporation.It is also the international headquarters of the MNE.MNC跨国公司=TNC:Multinational corporation,are made up of vast numbers of foreign subsidiaries,companies in which over50percent is owned by the parent company.MNE跨国企业:Multinational enterprise:A typical multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business organization which owns(whether wholly or partly),controls and manages assets,often including productive resources,in more than one country,through its member companiesincorporated separately in each of these countries.Each member company is known as a multinational corporation.Home county母国:The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.Host country东道国:The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.Absolute advantage绝对利益:It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources(capital,land and labor)Comparative advantage比较利益:Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities,there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.International trade国际贸易:The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.Primary commodities those commodities not processed or only slightly processed usually farm produce or raw materials.Specialization专业化:To restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields.Import duties进口关税:Tariffs levied on goods entering an areaExport duties出口关税:Taxes levied on goods leaving an areaTariff关税:A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.Quota配额:A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time.It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.Drawback退税:Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported. Most-favored-nation(MFN)treatment最惠国待遇:A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country Contract proper the main body of a contractIncoterms国际贸易术语解释通则:It is a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade.Thus,the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.Trade terms are terms used in international trade to describe the general information about thetrade,such as the unit price port of shipment,port of destination and the kind of currency. Protectionism is a trade barrier to international trade for the purpose of protecting a nation’s own domestic market and industries.It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.A multinational enterprise is a business organization which owns,controls and manages assets,in more than one country,through its member companies incorporated.Multi-model transportation:Inquiry/enquiry询盘、询价:It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity,specifications,prices,time of shipment and other terms.Quotation报盘:Estimate of how much something will costCounter offer还盘:New offer made by the original offeree to the original offererOfferee收盘人A first enquiry首次询价:An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has never dealt with A contract一个合同:An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant partiesA firm offer一个实盘:Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.Force majeure不可抗力:is a default of the contract which is given rise to not because of the contracting parties’default,but of the uncontrollable causes.One type of the cause is the natural force and the other is social cause.Or social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting partyHyperinflation极度通货膨胀is a kind of inflation in which the market prices are soaring quickly. The devaluation rate of the currency is astronomical.The normal economic activities are out of the order,and finally lead to the collapse of the wholemonetary system.inflation:Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand,expansion of money supply,credit etc Devaluation贬值Barter易货贸易:The direct exchange of goods and services,which is completed in a short period of time.Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易:The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.Buyback回购贸易:An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.Remittance汇付:This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each otherDocumentary draft跟单汇票:The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.Documentary collection跟单托收:It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.Payee收款人、领款人:The person receiving the payment.Sight draft即期汇票:The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.Usance draft远期汇票Term draft=Tenor draft:The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.Draft汇票:=Bill of exchange.It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.Drawer出票人:The person who draws the draft(usually the exporter)Drawee受票人:The person to whom the draft is drawn.Clean draft光票:The draft without documentsApplicant(Opener or Principal)申请人:The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C.(the importer)applicant of an L/C:The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/COpening bank(Issuing bank,Establishing bank)开证行:The bank that issues the credit.Opening bank:the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank.Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is openedCorrespondent band往来行、关系行:The bank in the exporter’s country,which the opening bank sends the credit to itAdvising bank通知行:The bank in the exporter’s country,which advises the exporter the L/C,is received.Confirming bank保兑行:The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.The letter of Credit(L/C、L/C)信用证:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.Paying bank付款行:The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.Negotiating bank议付行:The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to it under a credit. Recipient:A person or an organization etc.that receives something2015年8月2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题育明状元学员回忆一.词汇翻译(30分)英译汉:从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分,一个3分)1added value tax增值税增值税是以商品(含应税劳务)在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI考研资料整理

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI考研资料整理经济全球化economic globalization; economic integration经济失调指数misery index经济头脑commercially minded people; people with business sense经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system精简机构streamline government organs精品competitive products景泰蓝cloisonné敬业精神professional dedication; professional ethics九五攻关State Key Task 95居委会neighborhood committee; residents' committee局域网local area network (LAN)举报电话informants' hot-line telephone拒载refuse to take passengers君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green竣工式completion ceremony卡丁车kart开发一代,储存一带,预研一代(产品)to develop this generation of products while researching onthe next generation of products开放式基金open-ended fund开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity开工典礼commencement ceremony开后门under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means开题报告opening speech; opening report, thesis proposal开小灶give special favor开夜车burn the midnight oil; work over night看跌/看涨期权put / call option看守政府, 看守内阁,过渡政府caretaker cabinet抗震棚quake-proof shelter考研take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools考研热the craze for graduate school科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and technological achievements科技含量technology content科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation科研攻关scientific research and tackle the key research project可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development可转换债券convertible bond刻录机CD writer; disc-carving machine空头支票accommodation note, lip service空中小姐air hostess; air stewardess控股公司holding company口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease 2014年考研专业课复习安排及方法问题一:专业课复习的复习进度及内容安排回答一:专业课的复习通常在9月或者更早就要开始了,集中复习一般放在11月-12月左右。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语考研真题,改错题考点汇总

对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研资料-考研考博一.对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分笔试:40分钟,100分面试:100分笔试占复试成绩的50%,面试占50% 201542102016339英语口译2015912020165724二.育明考研考博辅导中心孙老师解析:关于对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士2016年的招生信息最新总结:1,对外经济贸易大学近两年的复试分数线比较高,15年389分,16年388分。
这样的高分给很多同学无形中一个压力,导致很多学生不敢报考。
孙老师建议大家不要只看分数线,还要了解出题趋势和难度,大家都知道贸大很偏重经贸类的,所以复习起来还是很有方向的,这两年的题难度不大,也是高分的原因,17年的考生在报考事一点要根据自己的强狂选择。
2,从招生人数看贸大16年有很大的变化的,笔译招生40人没有变化,口译少了一个国际商务谈判方向,招生人数由80人减少55人。
增加了在职商务口笔译,招生人数30人。
实际上16年在职录取了7人。
育明教育考博分校针对对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士专业考研开设的辅导课程有:专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在85%以上。
育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源,整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料,为每一位学员构建考研成功的基础保障。
三.翻译硕士考研资料:(全套)(一)汉语写作与百科知识---天津出版传媒集团李国正,夏衍教授主编,这本书针对近三年各个翻译硕士院校的真题进行了分析和统计,并总结了历年各个院校翻译硕士考研规律。
翻译硕士英语真题解析---天津科技出版社出版英语翻译基础真题解析----天津科技出版社出版(二)真题集汇总:2010年翻译硕士考研真题集2011年翻译硕士考研真题集2012年翻译硕士考研真题集2013年翻译硕士考研真题集2014年翻译硕士考研真题集2015年翻译硕士考研真题集2016年翻译硕士考研真题集翻译硕士考研词汇精编-----分类汇总翻译硕士考研词汇精编-----分频汇总四.对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研习题讲解文体错误判断与修改1、Choppy:不连贯的短句(choppy sentences)。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研MBA专业术语汇总,考研参考书推荐,考研真题6

MBA专业术语汇总MMacroeconomics宏观经济学The study of economy-wide phenomena,including inflation,unemployment,and economic growthMarginal changes边际变动Small incremental adjustments to a plan of actionMarginal cost边际成本The increase in total cost that arises from an extra unit of productionMarginal product边际产量The increase in output that arises from an additional unit of inputMarginal product of labor劳动的边际产量The increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of laborMarginal rate of substitution边际替代率The rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good for anotherMarginal revenue边际收益The change in total revenue from an additional unit soldMarginal tax rate边际税率The extra taxes paid on an additional dollar of incomeMarket市场A group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or serviceMarket economy市场经济An economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and servicesMarket failure市场失灵A situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficientlyMarket for loanable funds可贷资金市场The market in which those who want to save supply funds and those who want to borrow to invest demand fundsMarket power市场力量The ability of a single economic factor(or small group of factors)to have a substantial influence on market pricesMedium of exchange交换媒介An item that buyers give to sellers when they want to purchase goods and servicesMenu costs菜单成本The costs of changing pricesMicroeconomics微观经济学The study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in marketsModel of aggregate supply and aggregate demand总需求与总供给模型The model that most economists use to explain short-run fluctuations in economic activity around its long-run trendMonetary neutrality货币中性The proposition that changes in the money supply do not affect real variablesMonetary policy货币政策The setting of the money supply by policymakers in the central bankMoney货币The set of assets in the economy that people regularly use to buy goods and services from other peopleMoney multiplier货币乘数The amount of money the banking system generates with each dollar of reservesMoney supply货币供给The quantity of money available in the economyMonopolistic competition垄断竞争A market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identicalMonopoly垄断A firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutesMultiplier effect乘数效应The additional shifts in aggregate demand that result when expansionary fiscal policy increases income and thereby increases consumer spendingMutual fund共同基金An institution that sells shares to the public and uses the proceeds to buy a portfolio of stocks and bondsM1,M2,M3货币供给量的度量measures of the money supply:M1includes currency and checking accounts;M2includes M1plus savings deposits,CDs,and money market funds;M3includes M2plus large-denomination savings deposits and institutional money market mutual fundsmanagerial slack管理松懈the lack of managerial efficiency(for instance,in cutting costs)that occurs when firms are insulated from competitionmarginal costs and benefits边际成本和边际收益costs and benefits that result from choosing a little bit more of one thing and a little bit less of anothermarginal propensity to consume边际消费倾向the amount by which consumption increases when disposable income increases by a dollarmarginal propensity to import边际进口倾向the amount by which imports increase when disposable income increases by a dollarmarginal propensity to save边际储蓄倾向the amount by which savings increase when disposable income increases by a dollarmarginal utility边际效用the extra utility,or enjoyment,a person receives from the consumption of one additional unit of a goomarket clearing市场出清situation that exists when there is neither excess supply nor excess demandmarket failures approach市场失灵论the argument that government may have an economic role to play when markets fail to produce efficient outcomesmarket labor supply curve劳动的市场供给曲线the relationship between the wage paid and the amount of labor willingly supplied,found by adding up the labor supply curves of all individuals in the economymedian voter中间投票人the voter such that half the population have preferences on one side of this voter(for instance,they want higher government expenditures and taxes),while the other half of the population have preferences on the other side of this voter(they want lower taxes and expenditures)merit goods and bads公益品和公害品goods that are determined by the government to be good or bad for people,regardless for whether people desire them for themselves or notmixed economy混合经济an economy that allocates resources through a mixture of public(governmental)and private decision makingmodel模型a set of assumptions and data used by economists to study an aspect of the economy and make predictions about the future or about the consequences of various policy changesModigliani-Miller theorem莫迪利安尼—米勒定理the theorem that says that under a simplified set of conditions,the manner in which a firm finances itself does not mattermonetarists货币主义者economists who emphasize the importance of money in the economy;they tend to believe that an appropriate monetary policy is all the economy needs from the government,and market forces will otherwise solve any macroeconomic problemsmoral hazard败德;道德陷阱principle that says that those who purchase insurance have a reduced incentive to avoid what they are insured againstmultiplier-accelerator model乘数—加速数模型a model that relates business cycles to the internal workings of the economy,showing how changes in investment and output reinforce each other;the central ingredients of the model are the multiplier and the acceleratormultilateral trade多边贸易trade between more than two partiesNNash equilibrium纳什均衡A situation in which economic actors interacting with one another each choose their best strategy given the strategies that all the other actors have chosenNational saving(saving)国民储蓄The total income in the economy that remains after paying for consumption and government purchasesNatural monopoly自然垄断A monopoly that arises because a single firm can supply a good or service to an entire market at a smaller cost than could two or more firmsNatural rate of unemployment自然失业率The normal rate of unemployment around which the unemployment rate fluctuatesNatural resources自然资源The inputs into the production of goods and services that are provided by nature,such as land,rivers,and mineral depositsNatural-rate hypothesis自然率假说The claim that unemployment eventually returns to its normal,or natural,rate,regardless of the rate of inflationNet exports净出口The value of a nation's exports minus the value of its imports,also called the trade balance;Spending on domestically produced goods by foreigners(exports)minus spending on foreign goods by domestic residents(imports)Net foreign investment国外净投资The purchase of foreign assets by domestic residents minus the purchase of domestic assets by foreignersNominal GDP名义GDPThe production of goods and services valued at current pricesNominal Variables名义变量Variables measured in monetary unitsNominal exchange rate名义汇率The rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of anotherNominal interest rate名义利率The interest rate as usually reported without a correction for the effects of inflationNormal good正常物品A good for which an increase in income raises the quantity demanded;A good for which,other things being equal,an increase in income leads to an increase in quantity demandedNormative statements规范表述Claims that attempt to prescribe how the world should benatural endowments自然禀赋a country's natural resources,like good climate,fertile land,or mineralsnet export function净出口函数a curve that gives the level of net exports at each level of incomenet domestic product(NDP)国内生产净值GDP minus the value of the depreciation of the country's capital goodsnew classical economists新古典经济学家economists who,beginning in the1970;s,built on the tradition of classical economists and believed that by and large,market forces,if left to themselves,would solve the problems of unemployment and recessionsnew growth economists新增长经济学家economists who,beginning in the1980's,sought to understand better the basic forces that led the economy to grow fast at one time and slower at another,or some countries to grow faster than othersnew Keynesian economists新凯恩斯主义经济学家economists who,beginning the1980's,built on the tradition of Keynesian economists and focused attention on unemployment;they sought explanations for the failure of wages and prices to adjust to make labor markets and possibly other markets clearnewly industrialized countries新工业化国家nations that have recently moved from begin quite poor to being middle-income countries;including South Korea,Taiwan,Singapore,and Hong Kongnormative economics规范经济学economics in which the conclusions rest on value judgments as well as facts and theoriesOOligopoly寡头A market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical productsOpen economy开放经济An economy that interacts freely with other economies around the worldOpen-market operations公开市场活动The purchase and sale of United States government bonds by the FedOpportunity cost机会成本Whatever must be given up to obtain some itemOkun's law奥肯定律the observation that as the economy pulls out of a recession,output increases more than proportionately to increases in employmentopportunity sets机会集合a summary of the choices available to individuals,as defined by budget constraints and time constraintsoutput per capita人均产量a nation's output divided by the number of individuals in the countryoutputs产量the outcomes of a production processoverhead costs管理费用the costs a firm must pay just to remain in operation.They do not depend on the scale of productionPPerfect complements完全互补品Two goods with right-angle indifference curvesPerfect substitutes完全替代品Two goods with straight-line indifference curvesPermanent income持久收入A person's normal incomePhillips curve菲利普斯曲线A curve that shows the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemploymentPhysical capital物质资本The stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and servicesPigovian tax庇古税A tax enacted to correct the effects of a negative externalityPositive statements实证表述Claims that attempt to describe the world as it isPoverty line贫困线An absolute level of income set by the federal government for each family size below which a family is deemed to be in povertyPoverty rate贫困率The percentage of the population whose family income falls below an absolute level called the poverty linePrice ceiling价格上限A legal maximum on the price at which a good can be soldPrice discrimination价格歧视The business practice of selling the same good at different prices to different customersPrice elasticity of demand需求价格弹性A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as a percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in pricePrice elasticity of supply供给价格弹性A measure of how much the quantity supplied of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as the percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in pricePrice floor价格下限A legal minimum on the price at which a good can be soldPrisoners'dilemma囚犯的两难处境A particular'game'between two captured prisoners that illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficialPrivate goods私人物品Goods that are both excludable and rivalPrivate saving私人储蓄The income that households have left after paying for taxes and consumptionProducer price index生产物价指数A measure of the cost of a basket of goods and services bought by firmsProducer surplus生产者剩余The amount a seller is paid for a good minus the seller's costProduction function生产函数The relationship between quantity of inputs used to make a good and the quantity of output of that goodProduction possibilities frontier生产可能性边界A graph that shows the various combinations of output that the economy can possibly produce given theavailable factors of production and the available production technologyProductivity生产率The amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time;The quantity of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's timeProfit利润Total revenue minus total costProgressive tax累进税A tax for which high-income taxpayers pay a larger fraction of their income than do low-income taxpayersProportional tax比例税A tax for which high-income and low-income taxpayers pay the same fraction of incomePublic goods公共物品Goods that are neither excludable nor rivalPublic saving公共储蓄The tax revenue that the government has left after paying for its spendingPareto-efficient allocations帕雷托有效配置resource allocations,that cannot make a person better off without making someone else worse offpartial equilibrium analysis局部均衡分析an analysis that focuses on only one or a few markets at a timepartnership合伙制a business owned by two or more individuals,who share the profits and are jointly liable for any lossespatent专利a government decree giving an inventor the exclusive right to produce,use,or sell an inventionpaternalism父爱主义the making of judgments by government about what is good for people to have,rather than letting people choose on their ownpayroll tax工薪税a tax based on payroll(wages)that is used to finance the Social Security and Medicare programsperfect competition完全竞争situation in which each firm is a price taker--it cannot influence the market price;at the market price the firm can sell as much as it wishes,but if it raises its price,it loses all salesperfectly mobile capita具有完全流动性的资本capital that responds quickly to changes in returns in different countriespermanent-income hypothesis永久收入假说the theory that individuals base their current consumption levels on their permanent(long-run average) incomepermanent-income savings motive永久收入储蓄动机people save in good years,to tide them over in bad years;they choose their pattern of savings and spending year by year to average or smooth their consumption over good years and badpiece-rate system计件工资制度a compensation system in which workers are paid specifically for each item producedplanned or unplanned inventories计划或无计划库存planned inventories are those firms choose to have on hand because they make business more efficient; unplanned inventories result when cannot sell what they producepolicy ineffectiveness政策无效性命题the proposition that government policies are ineffective--policies aimed at stimulating aggregate demand at most change the price levelplanned economy计划经济an economy in which most decisions about resource allocation are made by the governmentportfolio theories资产组合理论theories that argue that monetary policy affects output through its effect on prices of various assets,in particular the prices of stocksportfolio资产组合an investor's entire collection of assets and liabilitiespotential GDP潜在GDPa measure of what the value of GDP would be if the economy's resources were fully employedpotential output潜在产出the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed(output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime)precautionary savings motive谨慎储蓄动机people save to guard against the chance of an unexpected illness or accidentpredatory pricing掠夺性定价the practice of cutting prices below the marginal costs of production to drive out a new firm(or to deter future entry),at which point prices can be raised againpresent discounted value现期贴现值how much an amount of money to be received in the future is worth right nowprice index价格指数a measure of the level of prices found by comparing the cost of a certain basket of goods in one year with that cost in a base yearprincipal本金the original amount a saver deposits in a bank or a borrower borrowsprincipal-agent problem所有者—代理人问题any situation in which one party(the principal)needs to delegate actions to another party(the agent),and thus wishes to provide the agent with incentives to work hard and make decisions about risk that reflects the interests of the principalprivate marginal cost私人边际成本the marginal cost of production borne by the producer of a good;when there is a negative externality, such as air pollution,private marginal cost is less than social marginal costprivatization私有化the process whereby functions that were formally run by the government are delegated instead to the private sectorproduct differentiation产品差异the fact that similar products(like breakfast cereals or soft drinks)are perceived to differ from one another and thus are imperfect substitutesproduct market产品市场the market in which goods and services are bought and soldproduct-mix efficiency产品组合效应the condition in which the mix of goods produced by the economy reflects the preferences of consumersproduction efficiency生产效率the condition in which firms cannot produce more of some goods without producing less of other goodsproductivity(GDP per hour)生产率/平均每人时的GDPhow much an average worker produces per hour,calculated by dividing real GDP by hours worked in the economyproprietorship独资企业a business owned by a single person,usually a small businessprotectionism保护主义a policy of protecting domestic industries from foreign-made competitionpure profit(monopoly rents)纯利润或垄断租金the profit earned by a monopolist that results from its reducing output and increasing the price from the level at which price equals marginal cost资料来源:育明考研考博官网。
对外经贸大学MTI百科知识名词解释

存款准备金,也称为法定存款准备金或存储准备金(Deposit reserve),是指金融机构为保证客户提取存款和资金清算需要而准备的在中央银行的存款。
中央银行要求的存款准备金占其存款总额的比例就是存款准备金率。
中央银行通过调整存款准备金率。
可以影响金融机构的信贷扩张能力,从而间接调控货币供应量。
RDR,即RMB Deposit-reserve Ratio,全称为人民币存款准备金率。
这个比例越高,执行的紧缩政策力度越大。
消费物价指数英文缩写为CPI,是根据与居民生活有关的产品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标,通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标。
是世界各国普遍编制的一种指数,它可以用于分析市场价格的基本动态,是政府制定物价政策和工资政策的重要依据。
通货膨胀(Inflation)指在纸币流通条件下,因货币供给大于货币实际需求,也即现实购买力大于产出供给,导致货币贬值,而引起的一段时间内物价持续而普遍地上涨现象。
其实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给(供远小于求)。
货币政策是指政府或中央银行为影响经济活动所采取的措施,尤指控制货币供给以及调控利率的各项措施。
用以达到特定或维持政策目标——比如,抑制通胀、实现完全就业或经济增长。
直接地或间接地通过公开市场操作和设置银行最低准备金(最低储备金)。
货币理论和货币政策是同一事物的两面,一个是从经济理论角度讲,一个是从政策措施讲中国人民银行(简称央行或人行)是中华人民共和国的中央银行,中华人民共和国国务院组成部门之一,于1948年12月1日组成。
中国人民银行根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》的规定,在国务院的领导下依法独立执行货币政策,履行职责,开展业务,不受地方政府、各级政府部门、社会团体和个人的干涉。
中国人民银行总行位于北京,2005年8月10日在上海设立中国人民银行上海总部。
国际货币基金组织(英语:International Monetary Fund,简称:IMF)于1945年12月27日成立,与世界银行并列为世界两大金融机构之一,其职责是监察货币汇率和各国贸易情况、提供技术和资金协助,确保全球金融制度运作正常;其总部设在华盛顿。
2016翻译硕士之专业名词解释

2016翻译硕士之专业名词解释易经The Book of Changes易是变化,经为方法,或说经典。
即阐述变化的经书。
易经是一部严谨的哲学著作,并能在科学的范围内用作术数占卜。
又称《周易》,相传为周文王所著,成书于周代,故而称呼《周易》。
实际《易经》是在中国历史中逐渐演化完成的一门学问。
古代的象形字中,“易”字是由上边的“日”和下方的“月”共同组成的;用日月往复循环来形容“易”的循环、周流。
就是周而复始。
易代表简易、变动。
研究、说明一种变动的规律和内涵。
7潘基文Ban Ki-Moon 1944年6月13日出生于韩国南部忠清北道忠州市的一个农民家庭。
他从小就立志成为一名外交官,并为此刻苦学习英语。
大学毕业后,潘基文又以优异成绩通过外交部高级公务员考试,开始走上长达36年的外交官生涯。
2006年10月9日,联合国安理会15个成员国一致同意,向第61届联合国大会提名潘基文担任联合国秘书长。
13日,第61届联大举行全体会议,与会的192个成员国代表以鼓掌的方式通过决议,正式任命韩国外交通商部长官潘基文为下一任联合国秘书长。
12月14日,潘基文宣誓就职。
潘基文是联合国第八任秘书长,也是继缅甸的吴丹之后第二位来自亚洲国家的联合国秘书长,任期自2007年1月1日至2011年12月31日。
韩国前外相、政治家。
2006年10月9日联合国安全理事会投票通过由潘基文接替安南。
潘基文具有广泛的人际关系,同时还拥有出色的领导才能、专业外交技巧和流利的语言能力。
他的工作经历大都与“和平与安全”、“发展与人权”和“民主”有关,而这正是联合国立足的三大支柱。
8. Robert Rubin 美国前财政部长,美国政界和金融界名人。
这位前高盛银行董事长、前克林顿政府财政部长,现任花旗银行副董事长与联邦储备委员会主席格林斯潘一道,被许多人认为是九十年代美国经济平稳发展、长期繁荣的大功臣。
9. Pervez Musharraf佩尔韦兹·穆沙拉夫(Pervez Musharraf) 1943年8月11日出生于印度首都新德里。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研专业术语,考研真题5

MBA专业术语汇总FFactors of production生产要素The inputs used to produce goods and servicesFederal Reserve(Fed)联邦储备The central bank of the United StatesFiat money法定货币Money without intrinsic value that is used as money because of government decreeFinancial intermediaries金融中介机构Financial institutions through which savers can indirectly provide funds to borrowersFinancial markets金融市场Financial institutions through which savers can directly provide funds to borrowersFinancial system金融体系The group of institutions in the economy that help to match one person's saving with another person's investmentFisher effect费雪效应The one-for-one adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation rateFixed cost固定成本Costs that do not vary with the quantity of output producedFractional-reserve banking部分准备金银行体系A banking system in which banks hold only a fraction of deposits as reservesFree rider搭便车者A person who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for itfactor demand要素需求the amount of an input demanded by a firm,given the price of the input and the quantity of output being produced;an input will be demanded up to the point where the value of the input's marginal product equals the price of theinputfederal government structure联邦政府结构a system in which government activity takes place at several levels--national,state,county,city,and othersfirm wealth effect厂商的财富效应lower prices or lower demand cause firms'profits and net worth to fall,and this makes them less willing to undertake the risks involved with investmentfiscal policies财政政策policies that affect the level of government expenditures and taxesfixed exchange rate system固定汇率体系an exchange rate system in which the value of each currency is fixed in relationship to other currenciesflexible exchange rate system浮动汇率体系a system in which exchange rates are determined by market forces,the law of supply and demand, without government interferencefixed or overhead inputs不变投入或分摊投入inputs that do not change depending on the quantity of output,at least over the short termflow statistics流量统计measurements of a certain rate of quantity per period of time,such as GDP,which measures output per yearfull-employment deficit充分就业赤字the budget deficit that would have prevailed if the economy were at full employment,thus with higher tax revenues and lower public assistance expendituresfull-employment output/potential output充分就业产出或潜在产出the level of output that would prevail if labor were fully employed(output may exceed that level if workers work more than the normal level of overtime)GGDP deflator平减指数A measure of the price level calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP times100Game theory博弈理论The study of how people behave in strategic situationsGiffen good吉芬物品A good for which an increase in the price raises the quantity demandedGross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值The market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of timeGross national product(GNP)国名生产总值The market value of all final goods and services produced by permanent residents of a nation within a given period of timegains from trade交易所得the benefits that each side enjoys from a tradeGDP per capita人均国内生产总值the value of all goods and services produced in the economy divided by populationgeneral equilibrium analysis一般均衡分析a simultaneous analysis of all capital,product,and labor markets throughout the economyGini coefficient基尼系数a measure of inequality(equal to twice the area between the45degree line and the Lorenz curve)green revolution绿色革命the invention and dissemination of new seeds and agricultural practices that led to vast increases in agricultural output in LDCs during the1960's and1970'sHHorizontal equity横向公平The idea that taxpayers with similar abilities to pay taxes should pay the same amountHuman capital人力资本The knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education,training,and experience;The accumulation of investments in people,such as education and on-the-job traininghorizontal integration横向一体化the integration of a firm with other firms producing the same product(at the same level of production)horizontal merger横向兼并a merger between two firms that produce the same goodshorizontal restrictions横向约束restrictions(such as an agreement not to compete in price or to enter each others'markets)by competing firms(at the same level of production,for instance,among producers,or among wholesalers,or amongretailers)hostile takeover恶意收购when one management team(one firm)takes over the control of another,against the will of the second firmIImport quota进口限额A limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domesticallyImports进口Goods and services that are produced abroad and sold domesticallyIn-kind transfers实物转移支付Transfers to the poor given in the form of goods and services rather than cashIncome effect收入效应The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer to a higher or lower indifference curveIncome elasticity of demand需求收入弹性A measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers'income, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in incomeIndexation指数化The automatic correction of a dollar figure for the effects of inflation by law or contractIndifference curves无差异曲线Curves that show consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction A good for which an increase in income reduces the quantity demandedInferior good低档商品A good for which,other things being equal,an increase in income leads to a decrease in quantity demandedInflation通货膨胀An increase in the overall level of prices in the economyInflation rate通货膨胀率The percentage change in the price index from the preceding periodInternalizing an externality外部性的内在化Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actionsInvestment投资Spending on capital equipment,inventories,and structures,including household purchases of new housingimperfect competition不完全竞争any market structure in which there is some competition but firms face downward-sloping demand curvesimplicit contract隐含合同an unwritten understanding between two groups involved in an exchange,such as an understanding between employer and employees that employees will receive a stable wage throughout fluctuating economic conditionsimport function进口函数the relationship between imports and national incomeincomplete markets不完全市场situations in which no market may exist for some good or for some risk,or in which some individuals cannot borrow for some purposesincreasing,constant or diminishing returns to scale规模收益递增/不变/递减when all inputs are increased by a certain proportion,output increases by a greater proportion(also known as economies of scale)indexing指数化the formal linking of any payment to a price indexindividual income tax个人所得税a tax based on the income received by any individual or householdinfant industry argument for protection幼稚工业保护论the argument that industries must be protected from foreign competition while they are young,until they have a chance to acquire the skills to enable them to compete on equal termsinfinite elasticity of demand无限需求弹性the situation that exists when any amount will be demanded at a particular price,but nothing will be demanded if the price rises even a small amountinfinite elasticity of supply无限供给弹性situation that exists when any amount will be supplied at a particular price,but nothing will be supplied if the price falls even a small amountinflation tax通货膨胀税the decrease in buying power(wealth)that inflation imposes on those who hold currency(and other assets,like bonds,the payments for which are fixed in terms of dollars)inflationary spiral通货膨胀螺旋a self-perpetuating system in which price increases lead to higher wages,which lead to further price increasesinfrastructure基础设施the roads,ports,bridges,and legal system that provide the necessary basis for a working economyinsider-outsider theory局内人—局外人理论the theory that firms are reluctant to pay new workers(outsiders)a lower wage than current workers (insiders),because current workers will fear beingreplaced by the new log-wage workers and will not participate in cooperating with and training theminterest利息the return a saver receives in addition to the original amount she deposited,and the amount that a borrower must pay in addition to the original amount she depositedinterest rate effect利率效应the situation that exists when lower interest rates(resulting from an increase in the money supply,or a fall in the price level)induce firms to invest moreinvestment schedule投资曲线the relationship between the level of investment and the(real)rate of interestinvestment tax credit(ITC)投资税减免a provision of the tax code in which the government reduces a company's tax bill by an amount equal to a percentage of its spending on investmentinvoluntary unemployment非自愿失业the situation that occurs when the supply of those willing to work at the going market wage exceeds the demand for laborJJob search寻找工作The process by which workers find appropriate jobs given their tastes and skillsKKeynesian monetary theory凯恩斯货币理论Keynesian unemployment凯恩斯失业unemployment that occurs as a result of insufficient aggregate demand;it arises in the demand-constrained equilibrium(where aggregate demand is less than aggregate supply),so that rightward shifts in aggregate demand reduce the level of unemploymentkinked demand curve有折点的需求曲线the demand curve perceived by an oligopolist who believes that rivals will match any price cuts but will not match price increasesLLabor force劳动力The total number of workers,including both the employed and unemployedLabor-force participation rate劳动力参工率The percentage of the population that is in the labor forceLaw of demand需求规律The claim that,other things being equal,the quantity demanded of a good falls when the price of the good risesLaw of supply供给规律The claim that,others things being equal,the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of the good risesLaw of supply and demand供求规律The claim that the price of any good adjusts to bring the supply and demand for that good into balanceLife Cycle生命周期The regular pattern of income variation over a person's lifeLiquidity流动性The ease with which an asset can be converted into the economy's medium of exchangeLump-sum tax定额税A tax that is the same amount for every personlearning by doing干中学the increase in productivity that occurs as a firm gains experience from producing,and that results in a decrease in the firm's production costslearning curve学习曲线;经验曲线the curve describing how costs of production decline as cumulative output increases over timeless developed countries(LDCs)发展中国家the poorest nations of the world,including much of Africa,Latin America,and Asialife-cycle hypothesis生命周期假说the theory that individuals typically save when they are young and working and spend their savings as they age and retirelife-cycle savings motive生命周期储蓄动机people save during their working lives so that they can consume more during retirementlimit pricing限制性定价the practice of charging a lower price than the level at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost,as a way of deterring entry by persuading potential competitors that their profits from entering are likely to be limitedLorenz curve洛伦兹曲线a curve that shows the cumulative proportion of income that goes to each cumulative proportion of the population,starting with the lowest income groupLuddites卢德派分子early nineteenth-century workmen who destroyed labor-saving machinery rather than see it taking over their jobs资料来源:育明考研考博官网。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,外销员考试真题13

国际商务英语术语解释1.Customs union a customs area extengding beyond national boundaries toinclude two or more independent nations is called a customs union.关税同盟一个海关区extengding以外国界包括两个或两个以上独立的国家被呼吁一个关税同盟。
2.Trade terms,trade terms are terms used in international trade to describlethe general information about the trade,such as the unit price port of shipment,port of destination and the kind of currency.贸易术语使用在国际贸易值得要的一般信息关于行业例如单价装运港目的港币种。
3.Protectionism.protectionism is a trade barrier to international trade forthe purpose of protecting a nation's own domestic market and industries.Itincludes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.保护主义保护主义一个贸易壁垒国际贸易为了保护一个国家的自己国内市场industries。
it 包括关税壁垒非关税壁垒。
4.Multinational enterprise.A multinational enterprise is a trade barrierto international trade for the purpose of protecting a nation's own domesticmarket and industries.It includes tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers.跨国企业.一个跨国企业一个贸易壁垒国际贸易为了保护一个国家的自己国内市场industries。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士经济学人考试热点经济学家mti名词解释总结当今世界著名经济学家简介亚当·斯密(Adam Smith,1723~1790),经济学鼻祖。
英国人,古典经济学的代表人物。
1759年出版的《道德情操论》获得学术界极高评价。
1776年3月,他所著述《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》简称《国富论》出版后引起大众广泛的讨论,世人尊称亚当·斯密为“现代经济学之父”和“自由企业的守护神”。
大卫·李嘉图(David Ricardo,1772~1823年),李嘉图是英国产业革命高潮时期的资产阶级经济学家,他继承和发展了斯密经济理论中的精华,使古典政治经济学达到了最高峰,是英国资产阶级古典政治经济学的杰出代表和完成者。
1817年他发表了代表作《政治经济学及赋税原理》,其比较优势学说构成了现代贸易理论的基石。
阿尔弗雷德·马歇尔(Alfred Marshall,1842~1924),剑桥学派的创建人,是19世纪末20世纪初英国著名的经济学家,其供给与需求的概念,以及综合边际效用学派的观点,提出均衡价格理论,构成了微观经济学的基础。
1890年发表《经济学原理》,他的理论及其追随者被称为新古典理论和新古典学派。
琼·罗宾逊琼·罗宾逊(Joan Robinson,1903~1983)(琼·罗宾逊夫人),英国著名女经济学家,新剑桥学派的代表人物,与美国的张伯伦一起提出了厂商均衡理论,标志着微观经济学体系的最终确立。
琼·罗宾逊著述甚多,除《不完全竞争经济学》外,其他主要著作有:《就业理论引论》、《论马克思主义经济学》、《资本积累论》、《经济增长论文集》、《经济哲学》、《经济学的异端》、《现代经济学导论》等。
约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯(John Maynard Keynes,1883~1946),英国人,现代西方经济学最有影响的经济学家之一,他创立的宏观经济学与弗洛伊德所创的精神分析法和爱因斯坦发现的相对论一起并称为二十世纪人类知识界的三大革命。
1936年,,凯恩斯的代表作《就业、利息与货币通论》发表,被西方学者认为“凯恩斯是在致命危机威胁资本主义世界时挽救和巩固了这个社会”。
另外两部重要著作是《论货币改革》和《货币论》。
保罗·萨缪尔森(Paul A.Samuelson,1915~2009),美国诺贝尔经济学奖第一人萨缪尔森和他的导师汉森是凯恩斯主义在美国的主要代表人物,被称为新古典综合派,实质上是将马歇尔为代表的新古典经济学与凯恩斯主义经济理论综合在一起。
其核心思想是在采取凯恩斯主义的宏观财政政策和货币政策来调节资本主义的经济活动。
萨缪尔森的经典著作是《经济学》,还有《线性规划与经济分析》,《经济分析基础》。
约瑟夫·熊彼特(Joseph Alois Schumpeter,1883~1950),美籍奥国经济学家,阐释了经济增长的根源——创新。
管理大师德鲁克称他具备“永垂不朽的大智慧”。
熊彼特在《经济发展理论》一书中提出“创新理论”以后,又相继在《经济周期》和《资本主义、社会主义和民主主义》两书中加以运用和发挥,形成了以“创新理论”为基础的独特的理论体系,从而闻名于世,影响颇大。
也是最先研究经济周期的经济学家之一,其代表作还有《经济分析史》。
哈耶克弗里德里希·冯·哈耶克(Friedrich August Hayek,1899~1992),奥地利裔英国经济学家,伦敦学派的代表人物,也是极端的经济新自由主义者。
他的自由主义思想在西方国家学术界有重要影响。
1974年他与瑞典经济学家缪达尔共同获得诺贝尔经济学奖。
著有《货币理论和经济周期理论》、《物价与生产》、《资本纯理论》、《通向奴役的道路》、《法律、立法与自由》、《个人主义与经济秩序》、《自由秩序原理》。
米尔顿·弗里德曼(Milton Friedman,1912~2006),芝加哥经济学派和货币主义的代表人物。
1976年获诺贝尔经济学奖,凭借在“消费理论分析、货币史和货币理论研究领域中的成就”和“对经济稳定政策的错综复杂性的论证”。
重要著作:《实证经济学论文集》、《消费函数理范》、《资本主义与自由》、《自由选择》。
罗伯特·卢卡斯(Robert Lucas,1937~),美国芝加哥大学教授,理性预期学派的代表人物,率先将理性预期假说成功地运用于宏观经济分析,1995年获得诺贝尔经济学奖,他在宏观经济模型构造、计量方法、动态经济分析以及国际资本流动分析等方面都作出了卓越的贡献。
著作主要包括:《理性预期与经济计量实践》、《经济周期理论研究》、《经济周期模式》、《经济动态学中的递归法》。
罗伯特·蒙代尔罗伯特·蒙代尔(Robert A.Mundell,1923~),加拿大人,供给学派的代表人物。
美国哥伦比亚大学教授、世界品牌实验室主席、1999年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者、“最优货币区理论”的奠基人,被誉为“欧元之父”,其著作包括《国际货币制度:冲突和改革》、《人类与经济学》、《国际经济学》、《货币理论:世界经济中的利息、通货膨胀和增长》等。
道格拉斯·诺斯道格拉斯·诺斯(Douglass North,1920~),新经济史学派代表人物,新制度经济学集大成者,1993年诺贝尔经济学奖得主之一,华盛顿大学教授。
同时,也是华盛顿大学新制度社会科学研究中心的奠基人。
创立了包括产权理论、国家理论和意识形态理论在内的“制度变迁理论”。
代表著作有:《1790—1860年的美国经济增长》、《美国过去的增长与福利:新经济史》、《制度变化与美国的经济增长》、《西方世界的兴起:新经济史》、《经济史中的结构与变迁》等。
约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨约瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨(Joseph E.Stiglitz,1943~),哥伦比亚大学教授,经济学理论联系现实的代表人物,信息经济学的开创者和奠基人之一、2001年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者。
是世界上公共部门经济学领域最著名的专家。
与A.B.阿特金森合写的《公共经济学讲义》,与D.M.G.纽伯里合写的《商品价格稳定理论》。
此外,他也同宇泽弘文(H.Uzawa)合编了一部书《现代经济增长理论选读》。
小作文技巧为先文采其次根据《考研英语大纲》规定,从2005年取消了听力之后,考研英语作文就有两类了,一个大作文,另一个是新增的小作文(10分)。
英语一的大作文为图画作文(20分),英语二的为图表作文(15分)。
其中的小作文,多是辞职信、道歉信、感谢信等应用文体,它的形式是给出提示要点,要求考生根据要求表达清楚要点。
它的评分重点在于信息点的覆盖;内容的组织,语言的准确性;格式及语域的恰当。
鉴于小作文不需要华丽的词藻和吸引阅卷人眼球的文采,只要掌握一定的方法技巧,在格式、语言和要点等方面下足功夫,拿到理想的分数还是不难的。
下面就为2015年考研的同学们提供以下小作文写作技巧。
一、格式1.称呼:英语应用文称呼有这样的特点:1)如果是不认识的人,一般称呼为敬词+尊称。
例如,Dear Sir or Madam或者To Whom It May Concern(需注意每个单词首字母都大写)。
2)如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人,称呼为敬词+尊称+名。
例如,Dear Mr.Xx,或Dear Ms.xx,;3)对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名,即Dear xx,。
同时需要注意的是:1.称呼要顶格写;2.称呼之后要加逗号或者冒号。
这里推荐大家用逗号,因为历年的高分范文都是用逗号的。
2.正文:正文格式一般有两种格式:一是缩进式,即首段开头空四个字母,段落之间不空行;另一种是齐头式,即每段开头不空格,但是各段之间空一行。
跨考教育肖方方老师建议考生采用缩进式,因为如果用齐头式,段间空行的话很可能答题空间不够,导致字数不够。
3.结语:结语要注意要留出两行。
一行是靠后写类似汉语"此致敬礼"的话也就是"Sincerelyyours,"或者"Yours sincerely,"一定要注意这个地方的结尾是有逗号的,如果丢掉了逗号,则会扣掉一份,请大家一定要注意。
同时,还需要注意落款,落款部分不能写自己的名字。
按照directions中的要求使用名字。
英语一一般是Liming结尾,英语二为Zhangwei。
同时请大家注意名字后面一定不要加任何的符号。
很多的学生喜欢在此打点号,请大家一定要注意,这里会被扣掉一分。
二、语言写作用词准确是最基础的要求之一。
其次,句型可以多变,例如既有并列句,也有复合句,还有从句,但注意语法运用要正确。
此外还要注意,正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构,这种情况不用缩略语和口语用法。
英语二的小作文一般写给正式关系的机构的文章片偏多。
除了正式的文体以外,其他的文体皆为非正式文体,像写给朋友的书信等。
英语一的小作文就是较为非正式一些。
一般小作文的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合,所以考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言,使交流得以进行。
另外,考生也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。
建议考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语,应该加以熟悉和背诵,以便运用自如。
三、其他考生在考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔,虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词,但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。
最好能够在仔细审题以后,认真列个提纲,这样更有利于思路清晰。
写作时,注意表达清楚以下几个方面:首先交代清楚写信目的;其次为了让阅卷者对你的文章结构及表意一目了然,注意关联词或衔接词的运用;接下来,应该对个人的观点进行阐述。
最后,行文间要注意简化描述,用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。
在作文完成的时候,应该检查、修改,以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。
以上就是关于英语小作文的一些复习方法和写作技巧,希望能对2015年的考生有所帮助,祝大家复习顺利!育明培训学校,是唯一一家具备教育部和民政部颁发培训资质的考研考博辅导机构。
在北京、天津、大连、保定、济南、广州等9大城市有分校。
资料来源:育明考研考博深蓝阅读官网。