曹萍英美概况期末试题

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英美概况期末试卷标准答案

《英美概况》期末试卷标准答案2007－2008学年第1学期B卷I. Fill in the following blanks with appropriate words or expressions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (20 points)1. Lords Commons2. English Welsh3. the Vice President4. The United States5. Oxford Cambridge6. Labor Party7. every four 8. Civil War9. Industrial Revolution 10. common lawsII. T ranslate the following terms into English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (15 points)1. 英吉利海峡the English Channel2. 凯尔特人Celt3. 复活节Easter4. 国教established church5. 成文宪法written constitution6. 下院议长Mr. Speaker7. 否决权 a veto power8. 美国南北战争the Civil War9. 国务院the Department of State10. 哈佛大学Harvard UniversityIII. T ranslate the following terms into Chinese. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (15 points)1. the British Isles 大不列颠群岛2. the Conservative Party 保守党3. constitutional monarchy 君主立宪制4. the New Deal 新政5. separation of powers 三权分立6. the House of Representatives 众议院7. Glorious Revolution 光荣革命8. public school 公学9. American Declaration of Independence 美国独立宣言10. the Mississippi River 密西西比河IV. Give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (20 points)1. 1) pass laws2) provide revenues by voting for taxation3) examine government policy and administration4) debate on the major issues of the day2. They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.3. It is the third-largest country in the world in population and the fourth-largest country in area.4. 1) more fogs or smog in winter2) more rainy days but less sunny days3) instability or changeability, all the seasons are very variableV. Answer the question in Chinese. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points)没有统一答案。

09―10学年度第1学期英美概况试卷

河南师范大学外国语学院2009―2010学年度第1学期期末考试《英美概况》试卷1．The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by _________ during the Civil War.A. George WashingtonB. Franklin RooseveltC. Thomas JeffersonD. Abraham Lincoln2. The largest lake in Britain is ______. A. Loch Lomond B. the Lough Neagh C. Windermere D. Ullswater3. Which state doesn ’t belong to the New England area?A. MaineB. VermontC. MassachusettsD. Nevada4. The Tories were the forerunners of _______ , which still bears the nickname today. A. the Conservative Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Social Democratic Party D. the Labour Party5. The Grand Canyon in north-western _______ is one of nature's most impressive sights. A. Utah B. Arizona C. Nevada D. Idaho6. The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate. A. the Secretary of State B. the Chief Justice C. the President D. the Vice President7.The largest and smallest states of the United States are ________. A. Alaska and Rhode Island B. Texas and Maine C. Texas and Rhode Island D. Alaska and Maine8. The National Anthem of USA is __________A. God Defend New ZealandB.O CanadaC. God Save the QueenD. The Star Spangled Banner9. Established Churches in Britain are___________. A. Church of England and Churches in Wales B. Church in Wales Church of Scotland C. The Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland10. American presidents are elected _______. [A]every two years [B]every four years [C]every five years [D]every six years11. Which of the following river doesn ’t originate from the Rocky mountain?A. OhioB.Colorado River C. The Missouri River D. Rio Grande River12. Which mountain is called the “backbone of England ”A. The RockiesB. the AppalachiansC. the PenninesD. the Welsh Massif13. In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ________. A.the Lord Chancellor B.the Prime MinisterC.the SpeakerD.the Parliamentary Commissioner14. In the United Kingdom, free medical care for everyone and financial help for the old, the sick and the unemployed, which have become available since 1948, is the foundation of _______. [A]the welfare state[B]the National Health Service [C]the civil service[D]the National Insurance Fund15.On the island of Great Britain, there are ________.A. four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandB. four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and IrelandC. three political divisions —England, Scotland, and WalesD. three political divisions —England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland16. The most important mining area is in the state of _________ .I ．Direction: Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (20 points, 1 point for each)姓名:________ 学号:__________ 年级:___________ 班级___________专业:_____________…….……………………….密…………………封…………………线…………………………A. IllinoisB. MinnesotaC. TennesseeD. North Carolina17. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north18. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______.A. Northern Ireland and southern IrelandB. Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandC. the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD. Northern Ireland and Britain19. Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection ofAmericans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States. A. State B. Justice C. Labor D. Defense 20. The United States is mainly situated in the ________ .A. northern temperate zoneB. southern temperate zoneD. torrid zone 21. The island of Great Britain can be roughly divided into two parts according to their physiographic features: the Highland Zone of the north and west, and the ____________ of the south and southeast.22. The capital of the Republic of Ireland is Dublin, and the capitalof Northern Ireland is ________ .23. British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of ______. 24. The development of English is usually divided into three major periods: Old English, _______, and Modern English.25. Britain is regarded as a _______ state. The term applies mainly to the National Health Service, national insurance and social security.26. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes, they are all located between ______ and the United States except Lake Michigan.27. In respect of population, __________ is the biggest city in the United States.28. The Senate serves a term of _____ years, and every two years, one third of the Senators stands for re-election.29. The north end of the Great Mississippi River Basin reaches the border of Canada while in the south it borders on the________.30. The _______River rises in the Appalachians and pours into the Mississippi. It flows through the rainy east and the water is clear. Its headstreams are in the Great Lakes area. 31. In Britain, changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.32. The social security system in Britain is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need.33. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States and is the only organ which has the power to interpret the Constitution.34. The British criminal law presumes the innocence of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.35.The United States is mainly situated in the subtropical zone.36.Generally speaking, there is a cold winter for most of America’s states because cold air masses from the north move in over much of the country in winter.37. The total annual rainfall in most part of New England is above 1,000 millimeters. 38. New England lies in the south of U.S.A..39. California has the largest forests and some of the trees are about 3 ,000 years old and they are very large. 40.The American expressions "go on the stump" means “go to different places and try to getII. Directions: For each of the following blanks, write the suitable word(s) in the corresponding space on your answer sheet . (10 points, 1 point for each blank)III. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true or false. Mark √ if you think it is true or × if you think it is false on your answer sheet . (10 points, 1 point for each)…….……………………….密…………………封…………………线…………………………__________…本试卷共12页第5页本试卷共12页第6页people ’s support by making speeches .41 Wales; Northern Ireland; Scotland; England; Ireland42. The rockies; Missouri; Appalachian MT; Gulf of Mexico;Atlantic Ocean43.What is the full name of the U.K.?44. Why was Britain known as the factory of the world in the mid-19th century? 45. What does the Watergate Scandal refer to? IV. Match the names and places on the map. Write the names on the answer sheet.10 pointsV. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following q answer in the corresponding space on the answersheet. (30 points, 3 points) for each)姓名:________ 学号:__________ 年级:___________ 班级___________专业:_____________…….……………………….密…………………封…………………线…………………………46. What kind of economic system does the United States have?47. What is the aim of the social security system in the United Kingdom? 48. What is the capital of the United States? 49. Who is the head of the U.S.?50. Which country is the southern land neighbor of the U.S.? 51. Which ocean is to the east of U.S.? 52. How many states are there in U.S.A.?53．Please give your brief comment on Check and Balance embodied in the US government. (Do not write your answer here!)VI. Directions: Write between 100-150 words on each of the following topics in the corresponding space on your answer sheet . (10 points for each)本试卷共12页第9页本试卷共12页第10页Answer sheet1-5 _______; _________; _________; __________; _________6-10 _______; _________; _________; __________; _________11-15_______; _________; _________; __________; _________16-20 _______; _________; _________; __________; _________21______________; 22_________________;23_________________;24____________________; 25___________________26______________；27_________________; 28_________________; 29____________________; 30 ___________________31________; 32_________; 33__________; 34________; 35___________36________; 37________; 38_________; 39_________; 40__________41 A________; B_________; C__________; D________; E___________42 A________; B_________; C__________; D________; E___________43_____________________________________________________________________________44_____________________________________________________________________________45_____________________________________________________________________________46_____________________________________________________________________________47_____________________________________________________________________________48_____________________________________________________________________________ 49_____________________________________________________________________________50_____________________________________________________________________________51_____________________________________________________________________________52____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________I ．Direction: Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet (20 points, 1 point for each)II. Directions: For each of the following blanks, write the suitable word(s) in the corresponding space on your answer sheet . (10 points, 1 point for each blank)III. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully and see if it is true or false. Mark √ if you think it is true or × if you think it is false on your answer sheet . (10 points, 1 point for each)IV. Match the names and places on the map. 10 pointsV. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following q answer in the corresponding space on the answersheet. (30 points, 3 points) for each)VI. Directions: Write between 100-150 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on your answer sheet . (20 points )姓名:________ 学号:__________ 年级:___________ 班级___________专业:_____________…….……………………….密…………………封…………………线…………………………_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________。

英美概况期末习题3

英美概况期末习题3The Final Examination Paper for the Course of―An Introduction to the Society and Culture of Major English-speakingCountries‖I. Choose the correct answer from each of the following, and write down the corresponding letter in the brackets. (20 points) ( C )1. Which of the following about the House of Lords is NOT true?A. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords of Spiritual and the Lords of Temporal.C. The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.D. Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.( B )2. Where is the international tennis championship held?A. Wembley.B. Wimbledon.C. St AndrewsD. Clapham.( D )3..In 1960s in the U.S., the one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called .A.the ―Hippies‖B.the ―Beat Generation‖C.the ―Me Generation‖D.the ―Lost Generation‖( C )4. Which group of people can NOT vote in the generalelection in Great Britain?A.members in the house of CommonsB.Lords in the House of LordsC.the UK citizens above the age of 18D.the UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic( B )5. Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper?A．T he Times.B．T he Observer.C．T he Guardian.D．T he Financial Times( C )6. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except____A.George Washington.B.Thomas Jefferson.C.William Penn.D.Benjamin Franklin.( B )7. In order to go to university, secondary school students in the U.S.must meet the following requirements except that ________.A .they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB they make good impressions during the interviewsC.they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD.they pass the college entrance examination.( A )8. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except ________.A. for finding a job in society.B. for having a place in a community.C. for identifying themselves with dominant values.D. for getting together with friends.( C )9. The ―American system‖ of mass production was first used in .A. car industryB. textile industryC. firearms industryD. agriculture( D )10. Which of the following is NOT a power of American president?A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.C. The president can make laws.D. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulationsand directives regarding the work of the federal departments.IV. Fill in the blanks (15%)11. Britain consists of four nations, including England, Scotland , Wales, and one-sixth of Iraland .12. One of the developments brought about by the Industrial Revolution in America is the emergence of new forms of business organizations, notably the International joint venture and the multi-national corporation .13. Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: student intuition_,endowments, and __ government funding__.14. The congress is divided into house of representatives with 435 members whoserve two-year terms, and senate with 100 lawmakers who serve six-year terms.15. ___The London Stock Exchange _____ is one of the busiest share-dealing centersin the world.16. The Supreme Court is composed of one chief justice and four associatejustice.II. Explain the following in English(30%)17 .Open UniversityThe Open University (also commonly referred to by its initialism OU) is a distance learning and research university founded by Royal Charter in the United Kingdom. The university is funded by a combination of student fees, contract income, and allocations for teaching and research by the higher education funding bodies in each of the four countries of the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). It is notable for having an open entry policy, i.e. students' previous academic achievements are not taken into account for entry to most undergraduate courses. The majority of the OU's undergraduate students are based in the United Kingdom and principally study off-campus, but many of its courses (both undergraduate and postgraduate) can be studied off-campus anywhere in the world.There are a number of full-time postgraduate research students based on the 48 hectare university campus where theyuse the OU facilities for research, as well as more than 1000 members of academic and research staff and over 2500 administrative, operational and support staff.18.TabloidTabloid may refer to:a newspaper engaging in tabloid journalismTabloid (newspaper format)Tabloid (paper size)Tabloid (TV series), a Canadian television seriesTabloid (film), a 2010 documentary by Errol MorrisSopwith Tabloid, an aircraft"Tabloid Magazine", a song from The Living End's album Modern Artillery19.the function of British parliamentThe main functions of British Parliament are: (1) to pass laws;(2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of government; (3) to examine government Policy and administrations, including proposal for expenditure; and (4) to debate the major issues of the day.20.the Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. These limitations serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property. They guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and reserve some powers to the states and the public. While originally the amendments applied only to the federal government, most of their provisions have since been held to apply to the states by way of the Fourteenth Amendment.21.the ―Lost Generation‖The "Lost Generation" is a term used to refer to the generation, actually an age cohort, that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, "The Sun Also Rises." In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron.22.the Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the ContinentalCongress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as independent states, and no longer a part of the British Empire. John Adams put forth a resolution earlier in the year which made a formal declaration inevitable. A committee was assembled to draft the formal declaration, to be ready when congress voted on independence. Adams persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document,[2] which congress would edit to produce the final version. The Declaration was ultimately a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. The Independence Day of the United States of America is celebrated on July 4, the day Congress approved the wording of the Declaration.23.―WASP‖ cultureWhite Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) is an informal term, often derogatory or disparaging, for a closed group of high-status Americans mostly of British Protestant ancestry. The term implies this group wields disproportionate financial and social power.The term is also used in Australia and Canada for similar powerful groups. While WASP power in the United States was unchallenged throughout the 19th century and the early 20th century, most scholars agree that the group's influence has waned since the end of World War II, with the growing importance of Jews, Catholics, and other former outsiders.24.semi-detached housesSemi-detached houses on the Great West Road,photographed on the way to Heathrow.I took the airport bus from somewhere in Central London. The Underground extension to Heathrow was not built until 1977. The location is very approximate. Semi-detached housing (often abbreviated to semi in the UK, Canada and Australia, as in "three-bedroom semi") consists of pairs of houses built side by side as units sharing a party wall and usually in such a way that each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin. This style of housing, although built throughout the world, is commonly seen as particularly symbolic of the suburbanisation of the United Kingdom and Ireland, or post-war homes in Central Canada. Confusingly, this is sometimes colloquially called a duplex in New England, other parts of the United States, and most of Canada, a term used elsewhere for two apartments, one above the other.This type of housing can be thought of as being a half-way state between terraced or row housing and single-family detached homes. Terraced housing is constituted by continuous row houses with open spaces at the front and back, while semi-detachedhouses have front, rear and any one side open spaces, and individual detached houses have open spaces on all sides.25.OxbridgeOxbridge is a portmanteau of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in England, and the term is used to refer to them collectively, often with implications of perceived superior social status. "Oxbridge" can be used as a noun referring to either or both universities or as an adjective describing them or their students.26.The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury T ales is a collection of stories written inMiddle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales (mostly written in verse although some are in prose) are presented as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey from Southwark to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral. The prize for this contest is a free meal at the Tabard Inn at Southwark on their return.V. Answer the following questions briefly. (35points)27. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U. S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? (10%)The answer to the former question is as follows.The three branches—the Legislative, the Executive, headed by the president. And the Judicial, headed by the Supreme Court. The Legislative, including both houses of Congress (the Senate and the House of Representative) .The legislative branch is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes and declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. The Executive, headed by the president. The president can appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. All such court appointments are subject to confirmation by the Senate. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court with a chief justice and 8 associate justices. The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution and other cases which do not arise out of individual states. The Supreme Court has the judicial review power.The answer to the latter question is as follows.System of ―checks and balances ‖ of the three-part national government works to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another.28.How to identify people of different classes in British society?(8%)In British society,the classes mainly are classified into upper classes of society ,middle class and salaried people.We should correctly know their strengths and weaknesses.With the objective attitude to the question .29.What factors contribute to the success of American business and industry?(10%) Factors contributing to success Sound business idea.Skills in both making and selling the product/delivering the service and running a business.Competent staff.Good cashflow management.Management of inventory, debtors and creditors.Able to adapt and change, making use of new technologies.Good people management and client relationship management.Good marketing plan.30.Hamlet is one of the best-known tragedies by William Shakespeare, what do you know about the play? (7%) An analysis of Hamlet's characterWilliam Shakespeare, the most remarkable playwright and poet of England in the period of the Renaissance. Hamlet, as one of the four great tragedies of Shakespeare, it creates many vivid characters, particularly the image of Hamlet is most well-know.Hamlet is the prince of Denmark. In the early period of time, he has an enthusiastic spirit and positive attitude towards life. Wecan find it from Ophelia’s compliment: ―The courtier’s, soldier’s, scholar’s eye, tongue sword; the expectancy and rose of the state; the glass of fashion and the mould of form; the observed of all observers‖ (Vickers, 1981:46). But after his father’s death, his mother’s remarriage, his uncle’s usurpation and his girl friend’s betrayal, everything changes in his life and he has to face many choices.Some people think Hamlet is weak and hesitant because his hesitance of killing his uncle and he is skeptical about the words of his father’s ghost. But that is unreasonable. Hamlet is not weak; on the contrary, he is intelligent and brave. He is honest in nature, but he has to play as a madman. He is kind in nature, but he has to revenge. Facing the contrast and difficulties in his life, he doesn’t shrink back but choose to accomplish the revenge plan with more efforts. Sometimes, Hamlet shows doubts, shake and weak will, however, this is not his character. By nature, Hamlet is strong. He's energetic with a magnificent soul. He is magnificent and strong even in times of setbacks, since a man of determination makes far wiser choices at tryingmoments than a vulnerable striving man. Such was the comment for Hamlet by Belinskiy(1948:207) which obviously explains the strong of Hamlet. As the prince of Denmark, on one hand, he must obtain realistic proof to prove his uncle’s crimes; one the other hand, he hopes the revenge is not only the personal revenge, but the change of society. He prays in Act 1, Scene 5: ―The tim e is out of joint – O, cursed spite that ever I was born to set it right‖ (Shakespeare, 2002:63). The great conflict between the glorious ideals of humanists and the dark reality of society makes Hamlet more powerful and alive. Hamlet is a representative of humanism in Renaissance. Just like Hegel(1885:391)’s words about Hamlet ―What he suspected isn’t what he should do, but how to complete it‖.Many scholars think the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is Oedipus complex. It is true that in Hamlet’s revenge he shows his hate and love to his mother, but that’s not Oedipus complex. Oedipus complex is a desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex (Wolff, 2002:1423).Hamlet loves his parents. After his father dead, he hates his mother because he thinks she betrays his father. As a son, no matter who he may is, he will get angrily when his mother remarries. He shows his anger and disappointment in Act 1, Scene 2: ―Frailty, thy na me is woman!A little month, or ere those shoes were old with which she follow'd my poor father's body. Like Niobe, all tears: why she, even she‖ (Shakespeare, 2002:34). From this we can get that Hamlet knows clearly what to love and what to hate. He is a normal person like everyone.At last, no matter how we evaluate Hamlet, we just express our personal view. There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes. All in all, Hamlet’s character is complex and profound; his image is distinct and great. That is the only thing we can’t deny.。

成人教育《《英美概况》试题》期末考试复习题及答案评分标准

邯郸学院2018级函授本科《英美概况》试题姓名学号成绩年级专业（本试卷满分100分，考试时间110分钟）一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1. The hugest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben Nevis.B. Cross FellC. SnowdownD. Scafell2. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth3. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois Revolution4. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all5. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry6. The US Federal Government is composed of the following except _____.A. the legislativeB. the standing committeeC. the judicialD. the executive7. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.A. the pumpkin and the turkeyB. the lamb and the beefC. the spring peas and the potatoesD. the egg and the rabbit8. The dominant ethnic group in the US is ____.A. the BlacksB. W ASPsC. Asian AmericansD. Hispanics9. The American Industrial Revolution began in 1807 with its ____ industry.A. shipbuildingB. coal-miningC. textileD. machine-making.10. The US imperialism was marked all of the following except ____.A. high developed industryB. high concentration of the capitalC. free business enterpriseD. overseas territorial expansion二、判断题（每小题1分，共10分）____ 1. The longest river in Britain is the Severn river.____ 2. The general election in America is held every 5 years.____ 3. With regard to its size, the USA is the fourth largest country in the world.____ 4. The House of Lord is the upper house of the British Parliament.____ 5. The established church of Britain is the Church of England.____ 6. Today about 90% of Americans are church members in the United States.____ 7. The American War of Independence started in 1775 and ended in 1783.____ 8. British Recorded history began with Roman invasion.____ 9. Under Mrs. Thatcher, British economy in 1980s gradually declined.____ 10. The colonial life can be described as easy.三、填空题（每空2分，共30分）1. Britain is separated from the European Continent by the North ______, the Strait of _________ and the English _________.2. Most of the British social customs are based on the __________ tradition.3. The Hundred Years’ War was between ___________ and ____________.4. __________ is the capital of England and of Great Britain, the political center of the Commonwealth.5. Renaissance was a ___________ movement that arose with the rise of the ____________.6. The United States of America is made up of ________states.7. The period of colonization covered the years from _________to_________, that is, from the first settlement of English colonists to the ____________of America.8. The distinctive feature of the American educational system is its “emphasis on education of the __________rather than on education of the ___________.”四、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1.Independent schools2.William the Conqueror3.Checks and balances4.the Bill of Rights五、问答题（每小题10分，共20分）1. What is a constitutional monarchy?2. What are the functions of Parliament?。

大三上学期英美概况期末试卷

⼤三上学期英美概况期末试卷福建师范⼤学福清分校外语系06英本《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》期未试题（2009-20010学年度上学期）（B卷）班级____________座号______________ 姓名___________________________I．Multiple Choice (50%)1.Which is the most important city in the UK?a.Belfastb. Edinburghc. Glasgowd. Londona.In the Highlandsb. In the Lowlandsc. In the Uplandsd. In the west of Scotland3.Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for _____.a.its most famous landmark, the “Giant?s Causeway”b.its rich cultural life..c.its low living standards.d.its endless political problems.4. How many counties are there in Northern Ireland?a.26b.6c.32d.205. Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which is the exception?a.London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the country.b.London has a larger population than all other cities in England.c.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.d.London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.6. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen?s role?a.The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.b.The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state.c.The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister..d.The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.7. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?a.James Ib. James IIc. Charles Id. Charles II8. Which of the following was NOT the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945?a. Britain did not invest in modern equipment and new products.b. Britain spent a high proportion of its national wealth on the military.c. Britain had been heavily in debt to finance the war.d. Britain had carried out the nationalization of the businesses.9. Which group of people can not vote in the general election in the UK?a.the UK citizens above the age of 18b.Lords in the House of Lordsc.Members in the House of Commonsd.The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic10. Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns?a.Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the televisionb.There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their constituency campaign.c.Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.d.Candidates criticizes each other?s policies to show how good their own policies are..11. Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK?a.People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspapers.b.Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person?s life chances.c.Class division is only decided by people?s incomeThey way people speak may identify them as belonging to a particular class.12. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979?a.The Conservative governmentb. the Liberal governmentc. the Labor governmentd. the radical government13. Which of the following statements about the UK economy is not true?a.There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.b.Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.c.Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.d.Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.14. Which of the following book was written by Joseph Conrad?a.Sense and Sensibilityb. The Heart of Darknessc. Mrs. Dallowayd. Tess of the D?Urbervilles.15. In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?a.The U.S and Germanyb. the U.S. and Russiac. Germany and Russiad. France and Russia16. Which is one of the most famous early “Old English” literary works ?a.The Canterbury Talesb. Beowulfc. King Leard. Morte D? Arthur17. Which was the leader of the Conservative party right after the Iron Lady?a.John Majorb. Tony Blairc. Harold Wilsond. Margaret Thatcher18. Which of the following did not belong to Romanticism?a.Keatsb. Shelleyc. Wordsworthd. E.M. Foster19. Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece by ?a.Emily Bronteb. Charlotte Brontec. Anne Bronted. Robert Burns20. The famous song “Auld Lang Syne” is written by Robert Burns in _______?a.Welsh dialectb. Irish dialectc. Scots dialectd. England dialect21.Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?a. D.H. Lawrenceb. Robert L. Stevensonc. Charles Dickensd. Walter Scott22. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?a. Dr. Faustusb. Hamletc. Frankensteind. Sense and Sensibility23. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.a. the Great Western Plateaub. the Outbackc. the Eastern Highlandsd. the Central Eastern Lowlands24. ____________is the only country covering the whole continent.a. Irelandb. U.Kc. Australiad. New Zealand25. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of ________, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.a. the Archbishop of Canterburyb. the baronsc. the churchd. the king26. The word “Yahoo” comes from Gulliver?s Travels written by ________.a. Daniel Defoeb. Jonathan swiftc. William Wordsworthd. Coleridge27. Which writer is associated with the “stream of consciousness” technique in British literature?a. Joseph Conradb. Virginia Woolfc. D.H. Lawrenced. George Orwell28.. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16a.can legally receive partly free education.b.can not receive free education at all.c.can legally receive completely free education.d.can not receive free education if their parents are rich.29. If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination calleda.General Certificate of Education-Advanced.b.General Certificate of Secondary Education.c.the common entrance examination.d.General National Vocational Qualifications.30. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?a.It's open to everybody.b.Students will not receive a university degree.c.It requires no formal educational qualifications.d.University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, etc.31. Which of the following schools in Britain would admit children without reference to their academic abilities?/doc/712cfafbf61fb7360b4c65ff.html prehensive schools.b. Secondary schools.c. Independent schools.d. Grammar schools.32. How much of the globe did Britain, rule in its imperial prime?a. A forth of the globeb. a fifth of the globec. a third of the globed. two-thirds of the globe33. Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force?a. Because it?s one of the developed countries in the world.b. because it?s a traditional sea power.c. Because it has an advanced industry.d. Because it?s able to produce submarines.34. The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by the following factors excepta. its imperial historyb. its geopolitical traitsc. its special relationship with the U.Sd. its schizophrenic attitude to Europe35. Three of the following factors have contributed to a certain degree of Britain's special relationship with the United States. Which is the exception?a.Britain and the United States share the general ideas in many respects.b.They have common interests in every respects.c.They agree generally on how the world economy should be managed.d.They have special links in culture.36. Which of the following is the world?s oldest national newspaper?a. The Timesb. Daily Telegraphc. the Guardiand. The Observer37. The sentence, "You'll never find in a British newspaper who meets who", reflects the fact thata.British press is free from censorship.b.There are some limits to what will appear in the daily paper.c.British press very often contains false news.d.British government has a firm control of the content.38. Which of the following about the tabloids is not true?a. They are big format newspapers.b. they are often called “ the gutter press”c. They mainly deal in scandals and gossip about famous peopled. They carry stories with color photos and catchy headlines.39. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night?a. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.b. It is celebrated by English people In November.c. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.d. It is celebrated by English people in August.40. On which day is Halloween celebrated?a. October 31stb. November 5thc. March 17thd. December 25th.41. The word “Ireland” is used ambiguously to mean__________.a. both the Republic and Northern Irelandb. Republic of Irelandc. Northern Irelandd. the southern 26 states in Ireland.42. Australia?s practice of racial segregation was similar to that of _________.a. Portugal and the US.b. Holland and South Africac. South Africa and the USd. Portugal and Holland43. Among the following writers, which is not Irish according to the claim of Ireland?a. Jonathan Swiftb. Charles Dickensc. Bernard Shawd. Oscar Wilde44. Who invented the steam turbine engine?a. Rowan Hamiltonb. William Parsonsc. Charles Parsonsd. John Philip Holland45. The death blow to the Irish language was ________.a. The British colonial rule .b. the independence of Ireland.c. the Great Famined. Ireland?s accession to the EU.46. In 1787, Britain decided to colonize Australia becausea. Captain Cook?s account of his discovery was not interesting.b. Britain wanted to control the gold mines in Australia.c. Australia was an attractive place to English people.d. Britain needed new places to transport its criminals.47. The state that had the first British settlement is ________a. Queensland.b. New South Walesc. Western Australiad. Victoria48. Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal?a. merinob. wombatc. koalad. kangaroo49. Under the policy of segregation, the aboriginal people______.a. were forcibly removed from their own landb. were allowed to have their won land as private reserves.c. were often employed by the Christian Church.d. were considered to be intellectually exploitable.50. Emancipists were___________.a. magistratesb. pastoralistsc. retired officialsd. ex-convictsII. True or False? (15%)1. The original intention of the massive post-war immigration program was tokeep Australia “white and free?. _____2. Northern Ireland is the most rugged part in landscape of all the four nations ofthe UK.______3. The focus of the Elite Theory is on how small groups of people control and manipulate power. _______4. Whistle-blowers are people who try to expose problems of corruption and inefficiency in the government.______5. It was said that Christianity was introduced into England by Saint Patrick. ______6. Common Laws are the laws passed by the Parliament of the UK. ______7. The Australian political system follows the Western democratic tradition, reflecting British and North American experience. ______8. India was once called "The Jewel in the Crown", because it exported massive raw materials andjewels to Britain. ________9. The Conservative party, formed in the growing union movement, is the newest one of the three major parties in the UK.________10. Grammar Schools emphasize on the more general curriculum rather than advanced academic work. 11. MPs refer to the parliament member in Ireland.______12. The “shadow cabinet ” of the opposition can take over the government when there is a constitutionalcrisis._________13. Don Juan is an epic poem composed by John Milton._________14. The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by license fees and viewers must buy a licenseeach year for their TV set.15. 20th -century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periods: modernism andpostmodernism.III. Directions: Explain the following terms in English, using your own words.(10%) 1. What is “round table? 2. What ?s the most important religious groups in Ireland?3. What are Australia ?s most distinctive physical features ?4. What is The Commonwealth?5. How many types can the newspaper be classified according to the content? What are they?IV . Question for Discussion( 25%)1. What ?s the significance of the Great Charta in British history? (100-150words)(15%) 2, Below are three statements of political beliefs. Read through them carefullyA_______________________ B._________________________ C._______________________福建师范⼤学福清分校外语系06英本《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》期未试题卷班级____________座号______________ 姓名___________________________III. Directions: Explain the following terms in English, using your own words.10%1. What is “round table?2. What?s the most important religious groups in Ireland?3. What are Australia?s most distinctive physical features ?4.What is The Commonwealth?5.How the newspaper can be classified according to the content?IV. Question for Discussion( 25%)1. What?s the significance of the Great Charta in British history? (100-150words) (15%)2. Below are three statements of political beliefs. Read through them carefully and see if you can decide which political party they would vote for in an election in Britain. (10%)A_______________________ B._________________________ C._______________________福建师范⼤学福清分校外语系06英本《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》期未试题答案（2009-20010学年度上学期）（A卷）I．Multiple Choice (50%)1---5 . dbdba 6---10 acdba 11----15 ccabb 16---20 badac21---25 dbbcd 26---30 bbcab 31---35 acbdb 36---40 dbaba41---45 acbcc 46---50 dbaadII. True or False? (15%)1. T2. F3.T4. T5. F6. F7. T8. F9. F 10. F 11. F 12. F 13. F 14. T 15. TIII. Directions: Explain the following terms in English, using your own words.(10%)1．What is “round table?According to legend Arthur?s gathered a company of knights to him, who sat to gather at Arthur?s castle at Camelot. Conflict between his knights led to Arthur creating the famous “round table”at which all would have equal precedence. Perhaps this could be seen as indicator of the earliest democratic system2．What?s the most important religious groups in Ireland?Catholics and Protestants3. What are Australia?s most distinctive physical features ?The Great Dividing Range and the Great Barrier Reef4.What is The Commonwealth?The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up moistly of former British colonies. There are 50 members of the Commonwealth: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.5.How many types can the newspaper be classified according to the content? What are they?Two, They are Broadsheet and tabloid.IV. Question for Discussion( 30%)1. What is the significance of the Great Charta in British history?(100-150words)(15%)In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant them a charterof liberty and political right, which is known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta.( or the Great Charta ). The most important significance of this Charta is that it place some limits on the king?s ability to abuse his royal power. And for the first time the merchants and craftsmen can represent as a new political force. Also the townspeople can have the freedom in trading and self-governing. This is still regarded as Britain?s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown. And it is still part of the British Constitution today2, Below are three statements of political beliefs. Read through them carefully and see if you can decide which political party they would vote for in an election. (10%)A. Conservative;B. Liberal Democrat;C. Labor。

英美概况期末试卷标准答案

《英美概况》复习题与参考答案

2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题1、正误判断题：( 40题)判断下列题目的正误：1.Ireland was an independent kingdom (F)2.State-run school in Britain is also called public ( F)3.Britain is an island country, with its coastline( T )4.Most British families are extended (F )5.Great B ritain’s coastline is highly regula ( F )6.Hispanics refers to the Spanish-speakin ( T )7.T o the north of Great Britain the seaway( T )8.Most Jews went to America during the (F)9.Most English weather experts find it (F)10.B oth Welsh and Scottish people are desc( T )11.N oble class has already disappeared in(F)12.N owadays, a majority of British ( F)13.N owadays, marriage is still ( T)14.T he development of Middle (T)15.L ike U.S.A, the United Kingdom ( T)16.L ondon, the capital of the UK ( F )17.A sian and black minorities ( F )18.T he Constitution of the ( T )19.E nglish people originate ( T)20.T he Supreme Court is (T)21.T he expansion of the British (T)22. Henry VI was responsible (F)23. In terms of structure, the(T)24. Britain was the first nation (T)25. Parliament is the supreme (F)26. Britain produced many great (F)27. The nationalized industries in (T)28. One of the basic principles of (T)29. Britain has more than 90 univers(F)30. Easter Day always arrives in (F)31. T o expand higher education (F)32. British universities generally (T)33. British universities, different (F)34. Most students, poor or rich, (F)35. In British legal system, (T)36. More than 81 Oxford math(F)37. Prime ministers from 1945( F)38. Nowadays, Thanksgiving Day (F)39. Easter Day is the second most (T)40. The life of congress is two years (F)1.Of all these isles, the largest one is called Great Britain.For the sake of convenience, Great Britain is often shortened to Britain.2.United Kingdom is made up of four parts, England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthern Ireland.3.The island of Great Britain can be divided into two partsaccording to its geographic features: the Highland Zone in the north and west and the Lowland zone in the south and southeast.4.In America, The presiding officer of the senate is theVice-president of the United States who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.5.Britain did not produce cotton and textile industry usedto rely on wool as the principal fiber.6.In Britain, the city Birmingham is well known for itsproduction of automobiles, electricity equipment, electronics, munitions, and arms.7.British government is produced through contest betweentwo major political parties every five years8.British can enjoy higher education in three ways:Universities, polytechnics and Open Universities.9.Mainland America is situated in the southern part ofNorth America with two land Neighbors, Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.10.T he longest river in Britain is the Severn River ，whichruns 355 kilometers and empties into the Bristol Strait. 11.W hite House is the place where American President livesand works.12.B ritish’s population is overwhelmingly urban, with about90% living in urban areas and 10% living in rural areas.13.B ritain invented the locomotive and was the first countryto build a railway in the world in 1825.14.O ne of the most important US government principle is“Checks and Balances”.15.T he majority of the British people believe in Christianity,which is the religion of the followers of Jesus Christ. 16.T he most important and longest river running throughthe middle plain of America is Mississippi River.17.T he U.K. has two established churches: the Church ofEngland and the Church of Scotland.18.I mportant heavy industries in Britain includeshipbuilding and motor vehicle.19.Modern English is the official language of the UnitedKingdom as well as the first language of the vast majority 20. In Britain, the place where parliament has sessions in London is the Palace of Westminster.21. The US Congress has two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate comprises 100 Senators, two from each of the 50 states22. In early times, British nobility can be divided into upper nobility and lower nobility according to the amount of the land they possessed.23. In Britain, the nucleus of the government is known as the Cabinet , which is headed by the prime minister.24. In the United Kingdom, politics is under the control of political parties, and this is known as party politics.25. The US Constitution protects freedom of speech and freedom of the press so that common people can make their opinions known.26. The highest court in Britain is the Supreme Court.27. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous agreement, itbecomes known as a hung jury.28. The English legal profession is divided into two branches: solicitors and barristers .29. Britain was the first country to introduce a neweconomic system known as free enterprise.30. T o meet the increasing need and protect environment, Britain has begun to develop some new energies, such as bio-fuels, deriving from waste and crops.31. Traditionally, the British culture has been characterized by its requirement of decency and civility in doing things.32. T o the south of San Francisco locates a famous valley, named Silicon Valley, which has now become the center of America’s electronic industry.33. The Mississippi River Valley, also known as the _Central Plain_, consists of the large area between the Appalachian on the east and the Rocky Mountains on the west.34. Britain has traditionally been a manufacturing nation and was once known as the “ workshop of the world.”35. One of the most famous natural park in America, Yellow Stone National Park, is situated in the state Wyoming.36. Las Vegas, the most striking gambling city in America, completely relies on the water from the Colorado River. 37. Everything related with family life, including family meals, is regarded as privacy in Britain.38. The working class people usually have a “ high tea” with hot dishes at about 5 o’clock in the afternoon;39. The middle-class people normally have an early “light tea” at about 4 or 5 o’clock in the afternoon.40. Private schools in Britain are officially called independent schools because they are independent of the government.3.简答问题：（15题）简要回答下列问题：1.Why is America compared to a melting-pot?2.What are the characters of typical British people?3.Why do British people like to talk about weather somuch?4.What changes have taken place in British families? Whatare the possible causes for those changes?5.Who are the famous Queens in British history? Pleasewrite down their names.6.What are the advantages and disadvantages of JuryTrial?7.What are the popular festivals in America? Please list twoor three names of them.8.What is the function of monarch in Britain?9.Why is British government system called “ConstitutionalMonarchy”?10.P lease list some famous rivers in America.11.W hat measures can government take to adjust thedevelopment of economy?12.W hy do some Historians call black Americans “unwillingimmigrants”?13.W hat are the factors that can help you decide socialstatus of a man in British society?14.W hat are the spirits American People worship?15.H ow does American government system demonstrate theprinciple of “Checks and Balances”?2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题2、知识填空题：( 40题)1.Great Britain; Britain2.England; Wales; Northern Ireland3.Highland Zone; Lowland Zone4.Vice-president5.wool6.Birmingham7.five8.Universities; Open Universities9.Canada; Mexico10.S evern11.W hite House12.u rban; rural13.r ailway14.B alances15.C hristianity; Jesus Christ16.M ississippi River17.e stablished; England; Scotland18.s hipbuilding; motor vehicle production19.M odern English20.t he Palace of Westminster21.S enate; House of Representatives; 100; two22.u pper; lower23.C abinet24.p arties25.s peech; the press26.t he Supreme Court27.h ung28.s olicitors; barristers29.f ree30.b io-fuels31.d ecency32.S ilicon Valley33.C entral Plain; Appalachian; Rocky34.w orkshop35.W yoming36.L as Vegas37.p rivacy38.h igh39.l ight40.i ndependent4.简答问题：（15题）1.As immigrants from different regions and cultures cameto live in the United States, their old ways of life melt away, and they became part of the American culture.2.Traditionally, the British culture has been characterizedby its requirement of decency and civility in doing things.3.Because the weather in Britain is very changeable;moreover, as British people tend to avoid private topics, weather is considered to be a safe topic.4.T oday, British women are no longer confined to trditionalhouse chores. Women employees can be found in almost every part of social life. They make up about 48% of the British labor force. Paid jobs meant independence for women,which finally led to changes in women’s social status.5.Mary ; Elizabeth I ; Victoria ; Elizabeth II6.The jury trial in Britain embodies some basic principle ofthe value cherished by the British people, such as the protection of individual rights. However, if the jurycannot reach a unanimous agreement, it becomes known as a hung jury. Then a new jury has to be formed, and a new trail is called.7.Christmas Day ; New Year’s Day ; Thanksgiving Day ;Independence Day ; Lincoln’s Birthday ; Halloween8.Over centuries in history, the English monarch personallycontrolled supreme executive, legislative, and judicial power. After the founding of the law court in the 12th century and Parliament in the 13th century, the direct exercise of these functions by the monarch gradually decreased.9.On the one hand, Monarch is the symbol of supremepower in Britain; on the other hand, the power of Monarch is limited by laws, and it has mainly advisory and ceremonial responsibilities, the real power is clenched by Prime Minister and parliament.10.t he Mississippi River , the Missouri River , the OhioRiver , the T ennessee River , the Colorado River , The Rio Grande River , the Potomac River , the Hudson River 11.1) Fiscal policy: increase/decrease tax rate;increase/decrease government budget.2) Monetary policy: increase/decrease interest rate; issuenational bond.12. Because they were victims of the traffic in slaves.13. wealth, clothes, accent, education, family background, gestures, social circle, profession…14. The spirits American People worship are supposed to include equality, freedom, hard work, self-reliance.15. 1) Executive branch can check legislative branch through:A. Bring up with BillsB. Deny BillsC. Implement policies2) Legislative branch can check executive branch through:A. Initiate revenue billB. Reject nominationC. InvestigationD. Impeachment3) Legislative branch can check judicial branch through:A. Appoint judgesB. Determine budgetC. Overthrow verdictD. Impeachment4) Judicial branch can check legislative branch throug h:A. Judicial review of ActsB. passed by congress5) Executive branch can check judicial branch through“appointing Judges on the advice of congress”.6) Judicial branch can check executive branch through “judicial review of Executive actio n”.（写出任意三点可得满分）。

英美概况》期末考试试卷附答案

英美概况》期末考试试卷附答案XXX1.The total area of the U.K。

is 244,110 square kilometers.2.England occupies the southern n of the U.K.3.The most important part of the U.K。

in XXX.4.XXX and the XXX-estuary.5.XXX 16th century.6.By the Act of n of 1707.XXX as the Kingdom of Britain.7.graphically。

XXX 14 provinces.8.Mt。

Ben XXX.9.XXX.10.t hills lie along the border een XXX。

In terms of the total area。

the U.K。

covers 244,110 square XXX of the U.K。

and is the most important part of the U.K。

in XXX and the Dee-estuary。

and was XXX in the 16th century。

The Act of n of 1707 XXX to form the Kingdom of XXX。

Britaincan be divided into 14 provinces。

and Mt。

Ben XXX。

and the XXX along the border een XXX.A。

XXXThe Great Cordillera Range XXX in the Western part of America.22.The Mississippi River flows into the _____.A。

Atlantic OceanB。

Pacific OceanC。

英美概况试题及答案

《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, HenryTudorB.C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, HenryTudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB.C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Mag istrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which givea vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____. A. the Articles of Confederation B. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions. A. economy/political B. social/political C. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51.B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58.C 59.D 60. D 61. C62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D 71. B 72.B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are highlands_______, while the east and south-east are mostly___lowlands___.2. Welsh is located in the west______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English __Anglo-Saxons____, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the __Celts____.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes _Jutes_____, _Saxons____, and __Angles___ invaded Britain. Among them, the __Angles___ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _Hastings______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the __feudal____ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ____Domesday Book__, which was compiled in __1086___. 8. _Thomas Becket____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. Black Death______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from fou r million to _two_____ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of _yeomen_____ farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _the Divine Right of Kings_____.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported __the king______, while the Roundheads supported _the Parliament______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a _Commonwealth_____, later, he became __Lord Protector_______.14. In 1707, the Act of _Union______ united England and _Scotland_____.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _Whigs____ and _Tories______. The former were the forerunners of the _Liberal_____ Party, the latter were of the _Conservative_____ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _James Watt____ produceda very efficient _steam engine____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “_workship_____” of the wor ld.18. During the Second World War _Winston Churchill_______ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two __oil____ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _the North Sea______.21. _Scotland ______ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include_microprocessors and computer_____, ___biotechnology___ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official _Opposition_____, with its own leader and “__shadow____ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by t he Queen______, and his/her official residence is _No. 10 Downing____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales:country councils_____ and __district councils____.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the innocence _____ of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _12______ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 15persons in Scotland. 28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _the House of Lords______.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _the National Health Service____, national insurance and _social security_____.30. The two established churches in Britain are the Church of England and the Church of Scotland_____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (__5____ in Northen Ireland) and __4___.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _eleven-plus______, which was replaced by _comprehensive schools _____.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _further education____ and ___high education___.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _Oxford____ and _Cambridge____ which date from the 12th and 13th centuries.35. In _1959___, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _Lake Michigan____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada.37. __Alaska_____ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as __the Continental Divide___. 39. Texas_____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _the Intermountain Basin and Plateau____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the rocket and _missile_______ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the __birthplace____ of America.43. Mobility is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year.44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in 161945. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the _Chinese-Americans_____.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the Continental Divide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace 43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-AmericansIII. Explain the following terms.1. the Ha rdian’s Wall: It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.2. Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgement Day.6. the Great Charter King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. Ithas 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years’ War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.8. Joan of Arc She was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’ War. She successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.11. Bloody Mary Henry VIII’s daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth I One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver Cromwell The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth andmade himself Lord of Protector. He ruled England till the restoration of charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of Rights In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly. The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.15. Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James Watt The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motion that could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in 1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.18. Agribusiness It refers to the new farming in Britain, because it’s equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, and outputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designes to give the maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British Constitution There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The British Constitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interpret statues.20. Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.21. the Opposition In the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the offcial Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”. The aims of the Opposition are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, to seek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the next general election.22. the Privy Council Formerly the chief source of executive power. It gave the Sovereign private (“privy”) advice on the government of the country. Today its role is mainly formal, advising the Sovereign to approve certain government decrees and issuing royal proclamation. Its membership is about 400.23. common law A written law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources.24. the jury A legal system established in England since king Henry II. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decide the issue of guilt or innocence.25. the NHS The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Acts of Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is based upon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help the individual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.26. comprehensive schools State secondary schools which take pupils without reference to ability and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in GB attend comprehensive school.27. public schools Fee-paying secondary schools which are longestablished and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boys’ public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’ famous schools include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.28. the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which isthe largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan ——the only one entirely in the U.S. —— Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.29. New England New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is sometimes called the birthplace of America.30. baby boom “baby boom” refers to the great increase of birth rate between 1946 and 1964. People born in this period are called baby bammers.31. the Chinese Exclusion Act It was passed by the U.S. Congress in may, 1882. It stopped Chinese immigration for ten years.32. the Bill of Rights In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representations a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution —— the Bill of Rights.33. the Emancipation Proclamation During the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.34. the Constitutional Convention In 1787, a conference was held in Philadelphia to consider what should be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All the delegates agreed to revise the Articles of Confederation and draw up a new plan of government. After struggle, the Constitution was ratified at last. This conference is called the Constitutional Convertion.35. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.36. the Peace Conference The Peace Conference or the Paris Conference, began on January 18, 1919. The conference was actually a conference of division of colonies of Germany, Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire and the grabbing of as much as possible from the defeated nations. It wasdominated by the Big Four (the United States, Britain. France, and Italy)37. the Truman Doctrine: On March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine in a speech to the joint session of Congress. The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism.38. the Marshall Plan On June 5, 1947, the Secretary of State George Marshall announced the Marshall Plan, which meant that in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.39. the New Frontier It was the President Kennedy’s program which promised civil rights for blacks, federal aid to farmers and to education, medical care for all and the abolition of poverty.40. checks and balances:The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial, each has part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three。

英美概况期末考试考题

美国的地理气候：美国本土位于北温带，介于北纬25度至49度之间，大部分地区属温带和亚热带，气候和降水比较适宜，降水与地下水均十分丰富，有利于工农业生产的发展，可谓得天独厚。

仅佛罗里达半岛南端属热带；阿拉斯加州位于北纬60至70度之间，属北极圈内的寒冷气候区；夏威夷州位于北回归线以南，属热带。

由于幅员辽阔，地形复杂，并受不同气流的影响，各地的气候差别很大：当佛罗里达半岛已是百花齐放的季节时，北部的五大湖区还处于寒冷之中。

东南部属亚热带季风性湿润气候东北部沿海和五大湖地区属温带大陆性气候，中部中央平原的气候基本上也属温带大陆性气候，冬季寒冷，夏季炎热，气温较高，湿度大太平洋沿岸北部属温带海洋性气候区，冬暖夏凉，雨量充沛，1月份平均气温在4℃以上，8月份平均气温不越过22℃。

年平均降水量为1300毫米-1500毫米。

干燥的西部高原的年温差高达25℃，山岳地区山势越高气候越低美国的气候条件比较优越，大部分地区有利于农作物的生长。

但自然灾害也时有发生种族特点：美国是全球最大的移民国家，每年均有超过100万人移民美国目前这些移民或移民的后代主要居住在加利福尼亚州、纽约州、佛罗里达州、得克萨斯州、新泽西州和伊利诺伊州，，，美国的种族构成是：白人80.1%、拉美裔15.1%、非洲裔12.8%、亚裔4.4%、印地安人及阿拉斯加土著民1.0%、夏威夷土著民及太平洋岛民0.2%、两个以上种族（多种族）1.6%。

其中美国黑人、拉美裔和亚裔等少数族裔总人口已达到1.007亿2、莎士比亚，英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人，欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。

莎士比亚的代表作有四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（英：Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（英：Othello）、《李尔王》（英：King Lear）、（英：Mac Beth）。

著名喜剧：、、、（《As you like it》）。

历史剧：、、。

正剧、悲喜剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。

还写过154“时代的灵魂”，马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。

英美概况考试题目及答案

英美概况考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 巴黎B. 伦敦C. 纽约D. 华盛顿特区答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 4月17日C. 12月25日D. 11月11日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国最大的城市是哪个？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：B5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：B7. 英国的哪个城市是著名的文化和艺术中心？A. 爱丁堡B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 格拉斯哥答案：A8. 美国的哪个州被誉为“黄金之州”？A. 德克萨斯州B. 加利福尼亚州C. 佛罗里达州D. 纽约州答案：B9. 英国的哪位君主在位时间最长？A. 伊丽莎白一世B. 维多利亚女王C. 乔治三世D. 伊丽莎白二世答案：D10. 美国的哪个国家公园以其壮观的峡谷景观而闻名？A. 黄石国家公园B. 大峡谷国家公园C. 优胜美地国家公园D. 阿卡迪亚国家公园答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 英国是由______、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。

答案：英格兰12. 美国的首都华盛顿特区是为了纪念美国的第一位总统______而命名的。

答案：乔治·华盛顿13. 英国的国花是______。

答案：玫瑰14. 美国的宪法规定了______个分支的政府。

答案：三15. 英国的______是英国君主的正式住所，也是英国王室的行政总部。

答案：白金汉宫16. 美国的______是该国最大的河流系统，流经美国的中部大平原。

答案：密西西比河17. 英国的______是该国最大的政党之一，传统上与劳动阶级联系在一起。

答案：工党18. 美国的______是该国最高法院的所在地，也是司法部门的象征。

英美概况期末考题

英美概况期末考题Questions for the final examination (26items)American Beginnings1.What were the new and powerful social forces which led to the awakening ofEurope and the discovery of America?’p34The first new force was the development of capitalism; the second major force that brought about the modern development of Europe was the Renaissance, which marked a changing outlook on life; the third influential force was the Religious Reformation, a religious reform movement that started from Germany.2.What was the unique American phenomenon? How did it come into being? Doyou think it still exists in today’s American society?The unique American phenomenon is that, on the one hand, the English and other Europeans went to North America for seeking freedom. On the other hand, these very white people who were seeking and fighting for their own freedom deprived black Africans of their freedom.On July 30, 1619, the first meeting of an elected legislature, a representative assembly, was held in Virginia. A month later, still in Virginia, a Dutch ship brought in over 20 Negroes as servants for a term of years to make a start toward the enslavement of Africans within what was to be the American republic.T his phenomenon still exists in today’s American society, such as the racial discrimination.Until now, the black people still receive the unfair prejudice. However, the society in America is full of freedom, especially to the white people. They have a lot ofrights in their life.3.In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?p37-38New England established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism. The Puritans believed that governments should enforce God's morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath and other religious believers different from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans who protested that the state should not interfere with religion, was driven out of Massachusetts. In 1635, he set up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.4.In what way did the pattern of founding of Maryland influence American culture?In 1649, the Maryland Toleration Act, which assured freedom of worship to all who believed in Jesus Christ, was passed. Because the Protestant majority were capitalistic-minded people and refused to carry out the feudal plan, and because the wilderness of North America provided plenty of land while labor was scarce, Maryland like other colonies in North America, followed a capitalist development road, that is to say, America was on a capitalist road.The Political System1.What is a federal system? P52A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution specifiedexactly what power the central government had and which power was reserved for the states.2.How did the delegates from the early British colonies design the constitution?In the course of the Convention, the delegates designed a new form of governme nt for the United States.The plan for the government was written in very simple language in document call ed the Constitution of the United States.The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government.In writing the constitution ,the delegates deal with two fears shared by most A mericans.3.What were the two main fears shared by Americans while writing the constitutionand how did they deal with them?p52-53One fear was that one person or group, including the majority, might become too powerful or be able to seize control the country and create a tyranny. To guard agai nst this possibility, the delegates set up a government consisting of three parts, or branches, the executive, the legislative and the judicial. Each branch has a way of counteracting and limiting any wrongful action by another branch.Another fear was that the new central government might weaken or take away the power of the state government to run their own affairs. To deal with this the Consti tution specified exactly what power the central government had and which power wa s reserved for the state. The state governments were allowed to run their own governments as they wished, provided that their governments were republicans. 4.What is the ExecutiveBranch?P54The chief executive of the United State is the president, who, together with th e vice president, is elected to a four-year term. Under a Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only two terms. Except for the right o f succession to the presidency, the vice president’s only constitution duties are to s erve as the presiding officer of the Senate; the vice president may vote in the Sena te only in the event of a tie.5.What is the Bill of Rights? Why is it necessary to write the Bill of Rightsexplicitly into the US Constitution?It’s another basic foundation in Americans’ constitution. It consists of 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government. Each paragraph is an amendment to the original Constitution.The Bill of Rights and subsequent constitutional amendments guarantee the American people the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy fundamental human rights.In the Bill of Rights, Americans are guaranteed freedom of religion, of speech a nd of the press.They have a right to assemble in public places, to protest government actions, and to demand change.They have the right to own weapons if they wish.Because of the Bill of rights, either police nor soldiers can stop and search a person without good reason. They also cannot search a person’s home without a legal permission from a court.Economy1.What is the current economic position of America in theworld?2.What are the five stages of industrial development?p65-67One key development was the introduction of the factory system;A second deve lopment was the "American system"of mass production;A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks;A fourth development was the em ergency of new forms of business organization;Finally,the construction of railroads began,marking the start of a new era for the United States.3.What are the roots of affluence in America?P69Bountiful resources,the geographical size of the country and population trends h ave all contributed to these successes.Religious, social and political traditions;the in stitutional structures of government and business;and the courage,hard work and de termination of countless entrepreneurs and workers have also played a part.4.What are the main sectors of industry in America? Name some of the importantcities representing each sector.Manufacturing : ChicagoAviation : Dallas and HoustonCar industry : DetroitHigh tech industry : Los Angeles and San FranscicoService industries. New York and SeattleHeavy Industry : PittsburghEducation1.How did America change the way of education to teach the children to be worldcitizens? P122In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that the practice ofsegregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional. Between 1950 and 1960, more new knowledge was developed than in all of the world’s history before 1950.Schools were asked not only to teach this new information, but to help students ask their own questions about it. More science courses were added to the curriculum.The federal government began to spend millions for the development of new science curricula and for training teachers to use them.2.How do Americans apply for a university? p1233.What are the categories of higher institutions in America? p123The university, the four-year undergraduate institution, the technical training institution, the two-year, or community college4.What factors that determine the best prestige of a university?P124T he factors determine whether an institution is prestigious are quality of teaching f aculty , quality of research facilities ,amount of funding available for libraries ,speci al programs and the competence and the number of applicants for admission and how selective the institution can be in choosing its students.5.How to select a college or a university? Name all the members of the Ivy League.When selecting a college or a university , you should take the following factors in to account :<1>a school’s entrance requirements (and its fees)<2>degrees the school offer and how long it takes to earn<3>curricula a college or university offers and req uirements for earning a degree <4> public institution or private one .Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College,Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University.6.Explain why Americans respect education.In America, education is a national concern, a state responsibility and a local function.7.What degrees do undergraduate colleges and graduate schools offer?undergraduate colleges:bachelor’s degreegraduate schools: master’s or a doctoral’s degree8.What are the functions of the boards of education?They make policies for schools at the state and district level, also, make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.American Way of Life1.What are the stereotypes about the USA?<1>All Americans are rich. <2>American society is violent.<3>American familiesare in disarray . <4>Americans are all religious .<5>Americans are optimistic.2.What are the metaphors that have been used as the national self-images and why didthey lose their credibility?<1>“the melting pot" because its anglophilic values no longer held for a clear majority of the people.<2>"salad bowl " because the characteristics of different culture quickly dec ay .<3> "mosaic " because an image for a nation should imply changes of any one of its co mponents . But the mosaic ,once made ,never change.<4>"kaleidoscope" because the k aleidoscopic changestoo problematically ,so it is difficult to make people take it seriou sly.4.Why is the Internet an up-to-date metaphor used to encapsulate the USA?Because the Internet has several characteristics that seem consonant with the USAtoday . <1>The WWW has no center. <2>No one is reliably in charge . <3>Each individual must take the responsibility for what he or she takes seriously.All of them important features of the American way of life .4.Why is America said to be a society of violence? What is the NRA?About 25% of Americans own a gun, which is often associated with high crime rate and the threat of violence is often played up by the news media.The NRA, which is short for the National Rifle Association, is a US private organization that has mad great efforts to protect the right of US citizens to freely own and use guns.5.What are the reasons for the changing marriage pattern in the USA? What is its effect on USA way of life? P170Since the introduction of “no-fault”divorce laws in the late 1970s, America’s divorce rate has been about 50%. Since most divorced people remarry at some point, many families blend together children from different parents. Somewhat less than half of American children today are raised with and by their birth-parents.The effect of these shifting marriage patterns is to diminish the authority of parents in relation to their children. Traditional values do not transmit readily from one generation to the next, reducing the chances for a national consensus on public issues.。

曹萍英美概况12航空(当堂)

北京翻译研修学院20132014学年第二学期期末考试（A卷）年级：____________专业：________________姓名: ____________ 成绩：_________________英语国家概况题号一二三四五六七总分得分I.Explain the following terms:（20分）1.WASPs2.the Great Lakes3.the Bill of Rights4.Queen Elizabeth II5.the Wars of RosesII.Translate the following into Chinese:（10分）1.Westminster Abby2.the Church of Englandmonwealth4.Mr. Speaker5.Judicial System6.the Great Charter7.the House of Plantagenet8.Puritans9.monopoly capitalism10.the first Pan-American ConferenceIII．Multi-choices:（20分）1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB.C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 1979III.Fill in the blanks:（30分）1.Britain is separated from the European continent by ____,_____ ,_____.2.Britain has a _____, maritime climate.3.The English people tend to be _______ characteristic.4.The present Sovereign is Queen______, daughter of George VI ,wascrowned in 1953.5.The British government is constitutional ______.6.The earliest settlers on the British Islands were___ and ____.7.The Great Charter aimed at restricting the power of the ____.8.The British Empire began with the founding of______ in 1583, andfell after the __Of the World War II.9.Most of Americans ____ origin.10.Since 1790, the US population center gravity has kept moving___.11.Most of the Black people in the US speak____,but the Hispanicsspeak___.12.In the US, _____ outnumber other religions groups.13.The Constitution of the US follows two principles: the____ systemand the __ powers.14.River__ (Hudson, wrence Colorado, Missouri) flows throughNew York city.15.In order to grab Cuba, the US went into war with___ in 1898. As aresult of the war, SpainCeded Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to the US.V. Answer these questions:（20分）1.Why English is a global Language?2.Tell some American Mountains and Rivers.3.Why American is immigrant country?4.Why is Britain called a “welfare state”?。

曹萍英美概况期末试题

英语国家概况期末试题I.Explain the following terms:1.the British Isles 11. the Roman occupation2.Poets’ Corner 12. Heptarchy3.EU 13.King Alfred4.the Conservative Party 14.Glorious Revolution5.the Seven Year’s War 15. Bill of Rights6.WASPs 16. the Great Depression7.“roaring 20s”8.melting pot9.British Empire10.system of US politicI.Translate the following into Chinese:1.Westminster Abby2.the Church of Englandmonwealth4.Mr. Speaker5.Judicial System6.the Great Charter7.the House of Plantagenet8.Puritans9.monopoly capitalism10.the first Pan-American ConferenceII.Multi-choices:1.The longest river in Britain is the _____ River. (Severn, Thames, Mersey, Humber)2.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in__ (Scotland, England, Wales, North Ireland)3.The English people are descendants of____ (Celts, Roman, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings)4.The established church of Britain is___ (the Church of England, Free churches, )5.Easter is kept, commemorating the __ (coming, birth, death, resurrection) of Jesus Christ.6.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of___.(the Queen, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, the House of Lords)7.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of_____.(the House of Lords, the House of Common, the Privy Council, Parliament)8.___ is the largest state of the US in area.(Hawii, Texas, Alaska, Pennsylvania)9.The dominant ethnic group in the US today is_____.(the black people, WASPs, Asian Americans, Hispanics)10.People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons except___.(religious freedom, fertile soil in the West, good climate in the west, discovery gold)11.The Constitution of the United State was framed in ___in 1787.(Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia) 12.The President of the US exercises the ____ power.(legislative, executive, judicial, veto)13.Congress can veto the President’s veto by a ___ vote of the full membership ofBoth houses.(two-fifths, two-thirds, three-fourths, three-fifths)14.The Constitution of US says that only___ can declare war upon other nation.(the President, Congress, Department of Defense, the National Security Council)15.In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?(1939,1940,1941,1942)16.The British Empire reached the peak of its colonial expansion after____.( Anglo-Boer War, the First Opium War, World War I, World War II)17.The American Industrial Revolution began in 1807 with its___ industry.( shipbuilding, coal mining, textile, machine-making)18.In the late half of the 19th century, __ was the main objective of the US overseas expansion. (India, China, Vietnam, the Philippines)19.The Spanish-American War strengthened the in___.(the Far East, Americas, Europe, Africa)20.The US imperialism was marked by all the following except____.(highly developed industry, high concentration of capital, overseas territorial expansion,Free business competition)III.Fill in the blanks:1.Britain is separated from the European continent by ____, _____ ,_____.2.Britain has a _____, maritime climate.3.The English people tend to be _______ characteristic.4.The present Sovereign is Queen______, daughter of George VI ,was crowned in 1953.5.The British government is constitutional ______.6.The earliest settlers on the British Islands were___ and ____.7.The Great Charter aimed at restricting the power of the ____.8.The British Empire began with the founding of______ in 1583, and fell after the __Of the World War II.9.Most of Americans ____ origin.10.Since 1790, the US population center gravity has kept moving___.11.Most of the Black people in the US speak____,but the Hispanics speak___.12.In the US, _____ outnumber other religions groups.13.The Constitution of the US follows two principles: the____ system and the __ powers.14.River__ (Hudson, wrence Colorado, Missouri) flows through New York city.15.In order to grab Cuba, the US went into war with___ in 1898. As a result of the war, Spain Ceded Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to the US.IV.Answer these questions:1.Why English is a global Language?2.How did the United State involved into the World War I?3.Tell some American Mountains and Rivers.4.Why American is immigrant country?5.Why is Britain called a “welfare state”?。

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