中国传统文化复习题(英文)

2010年复习题

I. Answer the following questions on the answer sheet.

1．What kind of ways may culture include?

(codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior such as law and morality, and systems of belief as well as the art.)．

2，It is thought that Culture consists of two components. What are they?

It consists of material and non-material components

3, What are the Four of the most important of the intangible human creations that nonmaterial culture includes ?

They are beliefs, values, norms, and symbols.

4, What does mediaeval culture consist of?

They are the Christian culture, the Islamic culture, the Indian culture and the Confucian culture.

5. What are the three philosophical streams In the Traditional Chinese Culture?

Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.

6. What are the five human relations According to Mencius?

the relations between “father and son, monarch(君主) and officials, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and friends”.

7 .What are the Three Principles of Confucianism（三纲）?

The king is the master of the minister; the husband is the master of the wife; the father is the master of the son.

8. What are the Five Constant Virtues of Confucianism (五常)?

Goodness, Rightness, Ritual, Wisdom, Credibility

9. Do you know the most important classic of Taoism and its author?

Dao De Jing, written by Laozi.

10. Where is the origins of Buddhism?

in India

11,. What are the four Dis of Buddhism?

They are Kudi（苦谛）, Jidi（集谛）, Miedi（灭谛）and Daodi（道谛）

12. What are the two major trends that Buddhism split into quite early on in its development?

Greater Vehicle (Mahayana) and Lesser Vehicle (Hinayana).

13. Which and in where are the four Buddhist mountains ?

Wutai Mountain in Wutai county in Shanxi province, Emei Mountain in Emei City in Sichuan province, Jiuhua Mountain in Qing yang County in Anhui province, and Putuo Mountain of Zhoushancity in Zhejiang province.

14. Which and in where are the three Buddhist grottoes?

Yun Gang grotto, in Datong of Shanxi province, Longmen grotto in Luoyang city of Henan province and Dunhuang grotto in Gansu province.

15, What kind of food did man depend on before agriculture?

mainly including the flesh of beasts and roots of plants.

16, During Han periods, a number of food materials were introduced from the Western regions. Please name ten of them..

grapes, pomegranate(石榴), Lucerne(紫花苜蓿), sesame (芝麻), flax(亚麻), walnut(核桃), garlic(大蒜), garden pea(豌豆), broad bean蚕豆, watermelon, musk melon, cucumber, spinach菠菜, lettuce莴苣, coriander香菜, celery芹菜, carrot胡萝卜, lentil小扁豆, onion, rose apple蒲桃, castor蓖麻oil plant, pepper, Persian date, fig无花果, fennel茴香, apricot杏树, etc.

17, What are the four main cooking styles in the world?

They are the Chinese, French, Turkish and Russian styles.

18 What played an important role in the development of the ancient Chinese cuisine?

Famine

19 What are the indispensable ingredients in Sichuan cuisine?

Chili peppers（辣椒）, huajiao (mild Chinese pepper) （花椒）, black peppers （黑胡椒）and fresh ginger （鲜姜）

20 What are the main ingredients commonly in Cantonese(Yue) Cuisine?

From fish, shrimps and poultry to snakes, wild cats and giant salamanders（蜥蜴、虫）

21 What are the special dishes in Huaiyang cuisine?

“West Lake Fish” and “Beggar’s Chicken,”