中国传统文化复习题(英文)

2010年复习题I. Answer the following questions on the answer sheet.1．What kind of ways may culture include?(codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, norms of behavior such as law and morality, and systems of belief as well as the art.)．2，It is thought that Culture consists of two components. What are they?It consists of material and non-material components3, What are the Four of the most important of the intangible human creations that nonmaterial culture includes ?They are beliefs, values, norms, and symbols.4, What does mediaeval culture consist of?They are the Christian culture, the Islamic culture, the Indian culture and the Confucian culture.5. What are the three philosophical streams In the Traditional Chinese Culture?Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.6. What are the five human relations According to Mencius?the relations between “father and son, monarch(君主) and officials, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and friends”.7 .What are the Three Principles of Confucianism（三纲）?The king is the master of the minister; the husband is the master of the wife; the father is the master of the son.8. What are the Five Constant Virtues of Confucianism (五常)?Goodness, Rightness, Ritual, Wisdom, Credibility9. Do you know the most important classic of Taoism and its author?Dao De Jing, written by Laozi.10. Where is the origins of Buddhism?in India11,. What are the four Dis of Buddhism?They are Kudi（苦谛）, Jidi（集谛）, Miedi（灭谛）and Daodi（道谛）12. What are the two major trends that Buddhism split into quite early on in its development?Greater Vehicle (Mahayana) and Lesser Vehicle (Hinayana).13. Which and in where are the four Buddhist mountains ?Wutai Mountain in Wutai county in Shanxi province, Emei Mountain in Emei City in Sichuan province, Jiuhua Mountain in Qing yang County in Anhui province, and Putuo Mountain of Zhoushancity in Zhejiang province.14. Which and in where are the three Buddhist grottoes?Yun Gang grotto, in Datong of Shanxi province, Longmen grotto in Luoyang city of Henan province and Dunhuang grotto in Gansu province.15, What kind of food did man depend on before agriculture?mainly including the flesh of beasts and roots of plants.16, During Han periods, a number of food materials were introduced from the Western regions. Please name ten of them..grapes, pomegranate(石榴), Lucerne(紫花苜蓿), sesame (芝麻), flax(亚麻), walnut(核桃), garlic(大蒜), garden pea(豌豆), broad bean蚕豆, watermelon, musk melon, cucumber, spinach菠菜, lettuce莴苣, coriander香菜, celery芹菜, carrot胡萝卜, lentil小扁豆, onion, rose apple蒲桃, castor蓖麻oil plant, pepper, Persian date, fig无花果, fennel茴香, apricot杏树, etc.17, What are the four main cooking styles in the world?They are the Chinese, French, Turkish and Russian styles.18 What played an important role in the development of the ancient Chinese cuisine?Famine19 What are the indispensable ingredients in Sichuan cuisine?Chili peppers（辣椒）, huajiao (mild Chinese pepper) （花椒）, black peppers （黑胡椒）and fresh ginger （鲜姜）20 What are the main ingredients commonly in Cantonese(Yue) Cuisine?From fish, shrimps and poultry to snakes, wild cats and giant salamanders（蜥蜴、虫）21 What are the special dishes in Huaiyang cuisine?“West Lake Fish” and “Beggar’s Chicken,”22 What are the six categories of Chinese tea?Green tea, black tea, oolong tea, scented tea, white tea, and compressed tea, 23. What is the typical course in Beijing cuisine?（It’s Peking Roast Duck.）24. What are the four major distinctly different cooking styles in China?( They are Sichuan, Cantonese, Shandong and Huaiyang. )25. What are the eight major different cuisine in China?(鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽等菜系)26. What are the two main types of drinks in China?( Chinese alcohol and tea. )27, Who are the legendaryThree Sovereigns and Five Emperors（三皇为伏羲、女娲、神农；五帝为黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜）28. What are the four famous folk legends in ancient China?(四大民间传说：牛、孟、白、梁)29. Please name three Chinese myths.(Pan Gu Separating the sky, Nv Wa Mending the Sky, Chang’e Flying to the Moon, the God of Heaven and Yi)30, Which music did athlete Chen Lu use in her figure skating and became champion in eighteenth winter olympic games ?It is Liang Zhu.31. What are the three main world architectures?Chinese Architecture, Western Architecture, Islam Architecture32. What are the four categories of Chinese architecture?Imperial architecture, religious architecture, architecture of folk house, minority architecture.33. What form the principal parts of Chinese Buddhist architecture.?( Temple, pagoda and grotto)34, Which building in the Forbidden City has a black roof?(Wenyuange)35, What is the original use of Huabiao.(华表)?( It is said that wooden columns were originally used as landmarks or road signs for travelers. )36. What does Buddhist architecture put a great emphasis on in building styles?Strict symmetry37. What is the dominant color in the Forbidden City?(yellow)38. When was the extant Beijing city built?(in the 14th year (1420) of the reign of Ming Dynasty)39 . When did a major renovation of The Great Wall start ?In 1368, Ming Dynasty40. What are the three major schools of Chinese Wushu?Shaolin, Wudang, Ermei,41. Can you cite some of the 18 standard weapons used in Wushu competitions?(刀、枪、剑、戟、斧、钺、钩、叉、鞭、锏、锤、抓、镗、棍、槊、棒、拐、流星。