托福综合写作——综合写作如何记笔记

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托福综合写作——综合写作如何记笔记

由于综合写作时间只有20分钟，这就要求考生在浏览阅读材料和倾听听力材料时就迅速记录并理解两个材料的主要观点和相应细节。因此考生平时做训练的时候就要重视限时记笔记，这样写作的时候就会胸有成竹，而不会无从下手了。

很多同学在第一次浏览综合写作阅读材料的时候，没有记笔记的习惯。因为他们认为听完听力后还会看到阅读材料，如果到时忘记或者疏忽了阅读材料的部分理由、细节，听完听力再看也来得及。但是高老师这里强烈建议各位同学在第一次看阅读材料就开始记笔记。第一次看阅读材料时就记笔记有两个好处，第一是帮助你充分理解阅读材料原文意思。我们刚才提到阅读和听力材料的观点和支撑观点的三个具体原因都是针尖对锋芒的，你如果在浏览阅读材料时就充分理解文章意思的话，对你随后理解听力材料是有巨大帮助的。其次，同学们在看阅读材料时就记笔记可以有效帮助你记忆阅读原文意思。当你开始回答问题，你写阅读部分的三个主要原因和相应细节时就不必或者只用花很少的时间再去看阅读原文了，把更多的时间留出来对比听力和阅读材料的不同之处，总结听力材料的主要原因、细节以及组织语言上。

托福综合写作的阅读材料和听力材料的句型结构都已简单句为主，大家在记笔记时应根据材料意思记录每句话的关键主语，谓语或宾语，经过5次左右的限时练习，大多数同学都可以通过这一方法记录一套比较完整的笔记。值得一提的是，同学们在记笔记时，即便有部分关键细节没有记下来也往往并不影响你回忆材料意思。因为你的记忆力毕竟不是金鱼的记忆力，不可能看过、听过材料后立刻就忘记刚刚说了什么!当你答题时，通过查阅、理解所记笔记的上下文，基本上可以完整复述阅读和听力材料的主要意思和关键细节。

下面高老师用一道例题展示记录笔记的方法。

例题：Question: Summarize the points made in the lecture. Being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage. (TPO 12)

阅读材料

Jane Austen (1775-1817) is one of the most famous of all English novelists, and today her novels are more popular than ever, with several recently adapted as Hollywood movies. But we do not have many records of what she looked like. For a long time, the only accepted image of Austen was an amateur sketch of an adult Austen made by her sister Cassandra. However recently a professionally painted, full-length portrait of a teenage girl owned by a member of the Austen family has come up for sale. Although the professional painting is not titled Jane Austen, there are good reasons to believe she is the subject.

笔记：Jane Austen, not know what she looked like, professionally painted, portrait of a girl, no titled, good reasons to believe is her

First, in 1882, several decades after Austen's death, Austen's family gave permission to use the portrait as an illustration in an edition of her letters. Austen's family clearly recognized it as a portrait of the author. So, for over a century now, the Austen family itself has endorsed the claim that the girl in the portrait is Jane Austen.

笔记：First, after Austen's death, her family gave permission, portrait as illustration of letters, family endorsed.

Second, the face in the portrait clearly resembles the one in Cassandra's sketch, which we know depicts Austen. Though somewhat amateurish, the sketch communicates definite details about Austen's face. Even though the Cassandra sketch is of

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an adult Jane Austen, the features are still similar to those of the teenage girl in the painting. The eyebrows, nose, mouth, andoverall shape of the face are very much like those in the full-length portrait.

笔记：Secondly, face of portrait, resembles Cassandra's sketch, sketch carries details Austen's face, details similar portrait, eyebrow, nose like the portrait

Third, although the painting is unsigned and undated, there is evidence that it was painted when Austen was a teenager. The style links it to Ozias Humphrey, a society portrait painter who was the kind of professional the wealthy Austen family would hire. Humphrey was active in the late 1780s and early 1790s, exactly the period when Jane Austen was the age of the girl in the painting.

笔记：Thirdly, painting unsigned, painted when Austen was teenager, style likes to Ozias Humphrey, wealth Austen able to hire，popular when she was girl.

听力材料

Professor:

The evidence linking this portrait to Jane Austen is not at all convincing. Sure, the painting has long been somewhat loosely connected to Austen's extended family and their descendents, but this hardly proves it's a portrait of Jane Austen as a teenager. The reading's arguments that the portrait is of Austen are questionable at best.

笔记：Not convincing，hard prove

First, when the portrait was authorized for use in the 1882 publication of her letters, Jane Austen had been dead for almost 70 years. So the family members who asserted that the painting was Jane had never actually seen her themselves. They couldn't have known for certain if the portrait was of Austen or not.

笔记：When authorized, Austen died 70 years, family members who authorize never seen.

Second, the portrait could very well be that of a relative of Austen's, a fact that would explain the resemblance between its subject and that of Cassandra's sketch. The extended Austen family was very large and many of Jane Austen's female cousins were teenagers in the relevant period or had children who were teenagers. And some of these teenage girls could have resembled Jane Austen. In fact, many experts believe that the true subject of the portrait was one of those relatives, Marianne Kempian, who was a distant niece of Austen's.

笔记：Could be the relative of Austen, why similar to the sketch, big family with many teenagers similar to Austen

Third, the painting has been attributed to Humphrey only because of the style. But other evidence points to a later date.

A stamp on the back of the picture indicates that the blank canvas, you know the actual piece of cloth on which the picture was painted, was sold by a man named William Legg. Record showed that William Legg did not sell canvases in London when Jane Austen was a teenager. He only started selling canvases when she was 27 years old. So it looks like the canvas was used for the painting at a time when Austen was clearly older than the girl in the portrait.

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笔记：Humphrey only because of style, stamp, blanket canvas indicates sold by William leg, didn't sell canvas when Austen was teenager, when he begin to sell, Austen is already adult.

我们通过组织阅读和听力的笔记，就可以完整阅读和听力的材料主要观点，支撑各自观点的三个原因和相应细节。

The lecture claims the portrait authorized by Jane Austen's family as an illustration of some of her letters is not the portrait of Austen but one of her relatives.

According to the reading passage, the portrait is very similar to a sketch made by Austen's sister Cassandra. When Austen died, her family authorized people to use the portrait as an illustration of some of her letters. The family endorsement supported the argument that the portrait depicted Astern. However, the lectures points out Austen had died for seventy years when the family gave the permission to use portrait as illustration for the letter collection. Actually none of family members who gave the authorization had seen Austen before she died.

Secondly, reading claims the face of portrait resembles to Cassandra's sketch which we know depicted Austen. So the portrait and the sketch depicted the same person. However, the lecture claims the portrait may simply depict one of Austen's relatives rather than Austen herself. Although many details of portrait are similar to the sketch including eyebrow, nose and etc.,

Austen's family were extended enough to have a sister who looked like Austen. Actually, some experts is of the opinion that the subject of the portrait is Austen's distant niece.

Lastly, the reading passage claims although the painting is unsigned, its style is very similar to the works of a famous painter named Humphrey. Wealthy Austen family can afford the cost of hiring the painter. The listening passage on the other hand rebutted the argument for two reasons. First, style alone cannot prove that the painting was made by Humphrey. Secondly, the painting's canvas was sold by a businessman called William who was not practicing the business when Austen was a child. William only stepped into the canvas business until Austen was already an adult.