被动语态教学

化成主语。如：
catch sight of (看到；意识到) draw one’s attention to (引人注意) give cause for (给出理由) give weight to (重视) keep an eye on (照看；注意) keep pace with (与并驾齐驱) lay / take hold of (抓住；掌握) lay emphasis / stress on (强调) lose sight of (不再看见；忽略) make use of (利用；使用) make a mess of (弄脏/乱/糟) make mention of (提及) make nonsense of (搅乱) take advantage of (利用；捉弄) take note / notice of (注/留意<到>) make sense of (理解；弄懂) pay attention to (注意) put an end to (使终止；毁掉) set fire / light to (点燃) take account of (考虑到；体谅) take care of (爱护;照顾；处理) make much of (很重视；很尊重；强调；恭维；夸大；溺爱) 例如： We will take (good) care of them. → (Good) care will be taken of them. (较为正式) → They will be taken (good) care of. (较为口语化) 还有一类vt. + O1 + prep. + O2 (固定词语)结构，如take … into consideration (考虑)，bring … to light (揭露；揭示)，bring … to an end (使终止)，等，变被动语态时，将O1转化成主语。
3. We find Jim a bright boy. → Jim is found (to be) a bright boy. 解析：这种SVOC句型，变被动语态时，就是将宾语 (真实宾语或形式宾语) 转化 成主语，原来的宾语补足语随之也变成了主语补足语。另例： They named the child Tom. → The child was named Tom. We regard him as brilliant. → He is regarded as brilliant. We consider it wrong to say a thing like that. → It is considered wrong to say a thing like that. 试比较： He found George a good seat. → A good seat was found for George. He found George a bright boy. → George was found (to be) a bright boy. 另外，当主动句中宾补为不带to的不定式时，变被动句时，通常要在不定式前加 上to： Someone heard her sing in the office. → She was heard to sing in the office. The boss made us not quarrel in his office. → We were made not to quarrel in his office.
4. They arrived at a decision. → A decision was arrived at (by them). 解析：短语动词与被动语态： ① vi. + prep. → vt. 可以变被动语态。如： agree to / upon (同意) arrive at (达成；作出) ask for (要求得到) break into (破门而入) call for (需要) deal with (处理；讨论；对付) dream of (梦想到) go into (调查) laugh at (嘲笑) listen to (听) live in (住在) look after (看护、照料) look at (看) look for (寻找) look into (调查) depend on (依赖) rely on (依赖) sit on / in (坐在) sleep in (睡在) talk about (谈论) think of (想到), etc. 以及make light of（轻视；不把…当回事），get rid of（摆脱；除去），等。 但arrive at (到达某地), look into (朝…里看), go into (进入某地), deal with (与…做生意)等表达其 本义时，没有被动语态。 ② vt. + adv. → vt. 可以变被动语态。如： back up (支持，支援；证实) bring about (导致，引起) bring up (养育；提出；呕出) call up (打电话给；使人忆起) carry out (贯彻，实行) find out (找出；发现；查明) give away (分发；告发) give up (放弃;交出;献出) hand in (提交；呈送) hand over (移交) help out (救出；解难) make out (填写；理解；) make up (弥补；虚构) pass on (传达；传递) point out (指出，指明) put away (收起；储存；抛弃) put down (放下；镇压) put forward (提出；推荐；拨快) put off (关掉；推迟；消除) put on (上演；穿戴；打开) ring up (打电话给；记录) set up (建造；升起；开办) take over (接管；承袭) take up (拿起；吸收；从事；占去) think over (仔细考虑) turn down (拒绝；关小) turn on (打开；) turn off (关掉；卖掉；绞死) turn out (关掉；生产;解雇) use up (用完，耗尽) win over (说服；战胜) wipe out (擦掉；消灭) work out (制定；算出；懂), etc.
2. Tom gave me some books. → I was given some books (by Tom). → Some books were given (to) me (by Tom). 解析：这是SVoO句型的句子，变成被动语态时，通常将间接宾语（常指人）转 化成主语，保留直宾；也可将直接宾语（常指物）转化成主语，保留间宾，且通常 要在保留的间宾前加上介词to / for (to在given后可以省略，for不可省。如：She bought him a shirt. → A shirt was bought for him.)。 但并非这种句型的所有句子都能这样变化。如：He wrote her a letter. 变成被动 He 语态时就只能是A letter was written to her. 另外，若直宾为名词性从句，变被动语态时只能将间宾转化成主语，如： We were shown (that) he could do it well. I was told when the accident had happened. He was not informed of whether anyone had telephoned.
③ vt. + O1 + prep. + O2 结构变被动语态时，是将O1（即动词的宾语）转化成主语：
The bad egg robbed her of her necklace. → She was robbed of her necklace (by the bad egg). Why didn’t you inform me of the change of plan? → Why wasn’t I informed of the change of plan? 另例有：supply sb with sth; provide sb with sth; remind sb of sth; etc. ④ vt. + O1 (固定词语) + prep. + O2 结构变被动语态时，既可以将O1转化成主语，也可用将O2转
二、逐句解析： 1. Everybody likes the film. → The film is liked by everybody. 解析：根据句子主语与谓语在语法或语义上的关系，英语动词有两种语态：主 动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。主动语态表示句子主语是 谓语动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者；而被动语态表示句子主语是谓语动作的 承受者，动作的执行者则由by引出（通常置于动词紧后；且常常省去）。从上述句 子的变换可以看出各个成分间的对应关系。这也就是说，只有SVO (主语 + 动词 + 宾语)句型，SVoO (主语 + 动词 + 间宾 + 直宾)句型，SVOC (主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补)句型等才可有被动语态。本句是SVO句型。 被动语态通常用于下列场合：① 不愿、不易或不必提及动作执行者时；② 为了 句子结构的平衡；③ 为了与上下文的连贯；④ 在客观性要求较强的文体（如科技 文章、新闻报道、法律文书等）之中。 被动语态通常由“be + V-ed”，其时态由助动词be的各种形式来体现： be (在口语中有时be可以用get替代) 现在一般时：am / is / are 过去一般时：was / were 将来一般时：will be 过去将来时：would be + V-ed 现在进行时：am / is / are being 过去进行时：was / were being 现在完成时：have / has been 过去完成时：had been
He insists on us showing him respect. → He insists on being shown respect. S V o O (复合结构中的间接宾语与句子主语所指相同)
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I want other people to leave me alone. → I want to be left alone. S V O C (复合结构中的宾语与句子主语所指相同)
5. I don’t want anyone to bother me. → I don’t want to be bothered. 解析：当不定式短语或V-ing短语类似SVO, SVoO, SVOC这样的基本结构，一般也可 由主动结构转换为被动结构。例如： I don’t mind you criticizing me. → I don’t mind me being criticized (by you). S V O (复合结构中的宾语与句子主语所指相同)
被 动 语 态 教 学（复 习）
一、试将下列句子变换成被动语态（若可以变换的话）： 1. Everybody likes the film. 2. Tom gave me some books. 3. We find Jim a bright boy. 4. They arrived at a decision. 5. I don’t want anyone to bother me. 6. He lacks self-confidence. 7. Tom enjoyed seeing her. 8. People say that he is a good teacher. 9. The radio set needs repairing. 10. The door won’t lock.