chapter 10英语翻译方法6
七年级英语（上）Chapter6Nobodywins课文与翻译
Chapter 6 Nobody wins(Nobody赢了)(第2部分)（nobody [ 'nəubədi]无人，没有人；没有任何人）After his supper,Gork went to bed and almost immediately fell asleep .His snore shook the cave.（almost [ 'ɔ:lməust ]差不多，几乎；immediately [ i'mi:diətli ]立即；fall [ fɔ:l ]倒下；asleep [ ə'sli:p ]睡着的；snore [ snɔ: ]鼾声；shook [ ʃuk ]摇动（shake的过去式）；cave [ keiv ]洞穴。
）(戈克吃完晚饭以后，他就上床睡觉，并且几乎立即就睡着了。
他的鼾声震动了洞穴。
)‘Listen,everyone ,’I said .’Here’s my plan.First,we’ll use this laser torch to melt the bars of the cage,and …’（plan [ plæn ]计划；laser [ 'leizə ]激光；torch [ tɔ:tʃ ]火把、火炬、手电筒；melt [ melt ]熔化，溶解；bars [ ba:z ]铁条；cage [ keidʒ ]笼）。
(我说:“每个人都听着，我的计划是：首先，我们要用激光电筒融化笼子上的铁条，然后….”)Peters interrupted me ,’Then you’ll use it to kill Gork,Captain!’（interrupt [ ,intə'rʌpt ]中断、打断）(彼得斯打岔说:”然后,你要用它去杀戈克,机长!”)‘We can’t kill him!’I said .’Otherwise ,we can’t open the door and escape from here.’（otherwise [ 'ʌðəwaiz ]否则；escape [ i'skeip ]逃脱）(我说:”我们不能杀死他,否则,我们就不能打开门从这儿逃走.”)Moments later,we were all out of the cage.I shouted beside Gork’s head,’Gork,this is Nobody!’(moments [ 'məumənt ]片刻；cage [ keidʒ ]笼；shout [ ʃaut ]呼喊)（一会儿后,我们都从笼子里出来了,我在戈克的头旁边大喊:”戈克我是Nobody.”)Gork woke up .I aimed the torch at his eye,and the laser beam hit the eye.Thr light in his eye went out .( aim [ eim ]把…对准；torch [ tɔ:tʃ ]手电筒；laser [ 'leizə ]激光；beam [ bi:m ]光线；电波；）（戈克醒了,我把手电筒瞄准了他的眼睛,激光的光线击中了这只眼,他眼里的光熄灭了.)Gork roared.The noise brough his kangaroors to his door,They opened the door and asked,’What’t wrong,Gork?’(roar [ rɔ: ]咆哮；)（戈克吼叫起来,这个声音把他的袋鼠引到了门口,他们打开门并问:“怎么了，戈克？”)Gork shouted,’Nobody attacked and damged my eye!’（shout [ ʃaut ]呼喊；attack [ ə'tæk ]攻击；damage [ 'dæmidʒ ]损害）（戈克大嚷：“Nobody袭击并伤害了我的眼睛。
初二英语句子翻译
初二英语句子翻译1. 恐龙在地球上生存在6千万年前，比人类早得多。
Dinosaurs existed on Earth more than sixty million years ago, much earlier than human beings.2．有些恐龙跟鸡一样小，有些跟比十头大象一样大。
Some dianosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants.3．许多恐龙是无害的。
其他恐龙是有害的。
Many dinosaurs were harmless. Others were harmful.4．他认为快乐的方法是尽可能少的拥有东西。
He believed that the way to be happy was to own as few things as possible.5．他看见一个小男孩跪在喷泉边。
He saw a small boy kneeling by a fountain.6．离开学校后，他卖过报纸，送过邮件。
After leaving school, he sold newspaper and delivered mail.7．他丢掉他的杯子变得更加开心。
He threw away his cup and became even happier.8．最后，他得到一份为影片画漫画的工作。
Finally, he got a job drawing cartoons for films.9．Disneyland是美国著名的游乐园。
是Walt Disney创建的。
Disneyland is a famous amusement park in th USA. It was created by Walt Disney.10．我们是从恐龙的骨骼、蛋和它们留下的脚印来了解恐龙的生活的。
We know about the lives of dinosaurs from the skeletons,eggs and footprints they left behind.1. 人们开始计划他们的暑假。
大学英语精读第三版(董亚芬)第三册1-10单元课后翻译答案
大学英语精读第三版第三册Book3Unit1~Unit10课后翻译答案Unit1 翻译1) 发言人（spokesman）明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消（cancel）这次旅行。
The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances.2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。
Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary.3) 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑（suspicions）是对的。
(confirm)The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。
I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays.5) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。
To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official.6) 少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。
A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.7) 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了。
英语翻译方法技巧和练习
Feedback and improvement
Feedback
Receiving feedback on your translation work from a mentor, teacher, or professional translator. This feedback should focus on areas for improvement, such as grammar, vocabulary choice, or cultural considerations.
要点三
Translation of signs and symbols
Translating signs, symbols, and emojis from one language into English. This practice is useful for understanding cultural references and nuances.
blocked practice
定义与解释
通过完成整段或整篇文章的翻译，提高整体 理解和翻译能力。
具体方法
选择合适的英文文章进行全文翻译，注重翻 译的准确性和流畅性。
注意事项
注意上下文语境的理解，避免孤立地翻译句 子。
Chapter exercises
定义与解释
模拟真实的翻译场景，如商务谈判、学术论文等，进 行整章的翻译练习。
and Evaluation
01
English translation methods
Literal translation method
总结词：忠实原文
详细描述：直译法要求译文忠实于原文，在词汇和语法结构上与原文保持一致，不添加或删除原文中的信息，以传达原文的 准确含义。
商务翻译 Chapter 10
1. 单音节词语的使用 • Feel the new space. ——Sumsung 译文：感受新境界。——三星 2. 大量使用形容词及其比较级、最高级 • Let’s make things better. ——Philips 译文：让我们做得更好。——飞利浦
一. 广告的词汇特点---
3. 大胆借用或杜撰词语 Hi-fi, Hi-fun, Hi-fashion, only from Sony. —— Sony 译文：高保真，高乐趣，高时尚，只来自索 尼。 ——索尼 fidelity (infidelity)
将下列个句翻译成汉语。 1．I’m sorry to say that your price has soared. It’s almost 20% higher than last year’s. 译文： 很遗憾，贵方的价格猛涨，比去年几乎 高出20%。
2. You may have another certificate showing the goods to be free from radioactive contamination. 译文：你们还要出具另一份证明书，以证明货 物没有受放射线污染。
3. Having established ourselves in this city, as merchants and general agents, we take the liberty of acquainting you of it, and solicit the preference of your order.
• Like no other. ( Sony ) 独一无二。
•
Engineered to move the human spirit. ( Mercedes-Benz ) 人类精神的动力。
ChapterTen商品说明书的翻译商务英语翻译课件
• Facilitate Technical Support: Accurate translation of product manuals ensures that customers receive effective technical support and troubleshooting guidance.
பைடு நூலகம்
目录
• Practice of translating product manuals • Case analysis of product manual translation • The Future Development of Product Manual
Translation
01
Overview of Product Manual Translation
Translation Reduction
This technique involves removing information from the target text to make it concise and focused. It is often used to eliminate redundancies or irrelevant information that does not contribute to the overall meaning of the text.
被动句的译法
3. That question needn’t be brought in. 4. Those who died for the country will
be remembered forever by the people. 5. He was very naughty and would be
一）译成被动句：
4）由于现代汉语中被动句的使用范 围，受到外来语的影响而扩大，所以 有些表示愉快意思或中性意思的英语 被动句有时也可译成被动句。例：
He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。
She was made a model worker.
她被选为劳模。
所以，汉译时，在“被”字可用可不 用时要大胆删去。例如：
The difficulties have been overcome. 困难（被）克服了。
the tiger has been killed. 老虎（被）打死了。
The fish was caught. 鱼捉（被）住了。
一）译成被动句：
4）译成“遭/受/挨/给/为…所 ”字句：例：
They are good at us and we are never beaten.
他们对我们很,我们从来没有挨过打。 His suggestion was opposed by
most of the present company. 他的建议遭到在场多数人的反对。
?英语中那些用了被动语态的句子在翻译成汉语时英语中那些用了被动语态的句子在翻译成汉语时我们可以根据汉语的语言习惯把被动语我们可以根据汉语的语言习惯把被动语态转换成主动语态
新英汉翻译教程-----Chapter-10-长句翻译PPT课件
10. 1. 2 逆译法 (Translation in Reverse Order)
•
逆着或基本逆着原文的词序或句序进行翻译，词序
与思维方式和表达习惯有关。在翻译较长的英语句子时，
将分句或一些从属成分倒置译是常见的翻译方法。
•
汉语时空观上大体遵循逆序法，即由大至小，由远
及近，由重而轻；而英语的时空观大体遵循顺序法在表达
• 2. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire—for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation.
4
例1：The successful testing of atomic and hydrogen
bombs and guided missile and the launching and accurate recovery of man-made earth satellites are important indications of our new level in science and technology.
terms in the field of mathematics, in order that he may
be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical
subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.
商务英语笔译 Chapter+10-2
Around the corner, around the world, we’re around to help. 到天涯海角，到世界各地，我们都将乐于帮助。 或：我们的帮助将傍你走遍天涯海角，世界各地。
10. 押韵rhyme
索尼产品的广告： Hi-Fi，Hi-Fun，Hi-Fashion，only from Sony (高保真，高乐趣，高时尚，只来自索尼)。 本广告中，Hi-Fi，Hi-Fun，Hi-Fashion分别押头韵Hi和f， 富有节奏，赏心悦目，印象深刻。
2.双关 （Pun） 使用双关语可增添广告的趣味性，引起联想， 帮助 记忆。
Make Time for Time. 阅读«时代»，赢得时间。（双关，包含“时代”和“时 间”双层意思， «时代»广告) There’s never been a better Time. 从未有过的好«时代»。
2.双关 （Pun） 使用双关语可增添广告的趣味性，引起联想， 帮助 记忆。
Sec 4
Sec 6
Sec 7
Sec 8
（5） Making a big world smaller. 我们把世界变小了。 （ 夸张 ）
返回
SECTION 3
Sec 1
（2）A Dream Price. A Dream Opportunity. 理想的价格。理想的机会。（对偶antithesis） （3）Flowers by Interflora speak from the heart. 因特花店花说心里话。（拟人）。
6.夸张（hyperbole）
美国 Citybank银行广告：A word to wealthy. 一言致富
7.对偶（antithesis），
Budget出租车中心广告：Big thrills. Small bills. （大刺激，小花费）
常用英汉互译技巧
计算机专业英语
4-4
Chapter 4 Data Structure
常用英汉互译技巧
三、转换法 例1. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词) 例2. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显 的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动 词转名词) 例3. 时间不早了，我们回去吧！ We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)
计算机专业英语
4-8
Chapter 4 Data Structure
常用英汉互译技巧
七、包孕法
这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时，把英语 后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前，使修饰成分在汉语句中形 成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长，否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分 在连接上的纠葛。如：
计算机专业英语
4-1
Chapter 4 Data Structure
常用英汉互译技巧
一、增译法 例1. Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词） 例2. 这是这两代计算机之间的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the computers of the two generations.（增译介词） 例3. Individual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing mathematical expressions and in many cases there is no generally accepted “correct” pronunciation. 每个数学家对数学公式常常有各自的读法，在许多情况下，并不存在 一个普遍接受的所谓“正确”读法。(增加隐含意义的词) 例4. 只有在可能发生混淆、或要强调其观点时，数学家才使用较长的读法 It is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to emphasis the point, that the mathematician will use the longer forms. (增加主语)
行为英语翻译
行为英语翻译Behavioral English Translation (700 Words)Chapter 1: IntroductionBehavioral English is a branch of English language learning that focuses on teaching learners how to communicate effectively and appropriately in various social and professional situations. It emphasizes the development of linguistic and non-linguistic skills necessary for successful intercultural communication.Chapter 2: Basic Greetings and IntroductionIn this chapter, learners will practice basic greetings and introductions. They will learn how to greet someone formally and informally, introduce themselves, and ask basic personal questions. Role plays and interactive activities will help learners practice these skills in real-life situations.Chapter 3: Making Requests and Offering HelpIn this chapter, learners will learn how to make requests politely and offer help graciously. They will be introduced to various phrases and expressions used in making requests and offering assistance. Interactive exercises and scenarios will allow learners to practice these skills in a practical and meaningful way. Chapter 4: Giving and Receiving ComplimentsThis chapter focuses on teaching learners how to give and receive compliments in a culturally appropriate manner. Learners will learn common phrases and expressions used for giving compliments and accepting compliments graciously. Activities and role plays will provide learners with opportunities to practice theseskills.Chapter 5: Cancelling and Rescheduling AppointmentsIn this chapter, learners will learn how to cancel and reschedule appointments politely and professionally. They will learn phrases and expressions used in these situations, as well as strategies for offering alternative dates or suggesting alternative arrangements. Role plays and interactive exercises will allow learners to practice these skills effectively.Chapter 6: Asking for and Giving DirectionsIn this chapter, learners will learn how to ask for and give directions accurately and clearly. They will learn key vocabulary related to giving and receiving directions, as well as phrases and expressions used in these situations. They will practice these skills through interactive exercises and real-life scenarios.Chapter 7: Making Small TalkThis chapter covers the essential skill of making small talk in various social and professional settings. Learners will learn common topics for small talk, appropriate questions to ask, and strategies for engaging in conversation. Role plays and interactive activities will provide learners with ample opportunities to practice these skills.Chapter 8: Expressing Opinions and Making SuggestionsIn this chapter, learners will learn how to express their opinions and make suggestions effectively and diplomatically. They will learn useful phrases and expressions for expressing agreement, disagreement, and making suggestions. Activities and discussionswill allow learners to practice these skills in a meaningful way. Chapter 9: Apologizing and Dealing with ComplaintsThis chapter focuses on teaching learners how to apologize sincerely and handle customer complaints professionally and tactfully. Learners will learn key phrases and strategies for apologizing and resolving conflicts. Role plays and interactive exercises will provide learners with opportunities to practice these skills.Chapter 10: Wrapping up and ConclusionThis final chapter will review the key concepts and skills covered throughout the course. Learners will have the opportunity to reflect on their progress and identify areas for further improvement. They will receive feedback and suggestions for continuing their language learning journey.。
商务英语翻译chapter 10
now therefore 特此；因此(一般与whereas连用， 后跟herebห้องสมุดไป่ตู้，译为“兹，特此”)
Task I Warm-up
Sales Contract No： Date ： Signed at： Sellers： Address： Postal Code Tel： Fax： Buyers： Address： Postal Code： Tel： Fax： The Seller agrees to sell and the Buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods on the terms and conditions stated below： 外贸销售合同 编号： 日期： 签约地点： 卖方： 地址： 邮政编码： 电话： 传真： 买方： 地址： 邮政编码： 电话： 传真： 买卖双方同意按下列条款由卖方出售，买方 购进下列货物：
6
Contents in a business contract
Title & Preamble 合同名称& 前文/前言 Body 合同正文
Witness Clause
结尾/证明条款
7
正文 body 包括定义条款、基本条款和通用条款 等 定义条款（Definition Clause） ---对合同中重复出现的关键名词术语进行明 确定义，给出明确解释。
Task III 请翻译下列句子。
1. The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text. 本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方执英 文本和中文本一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。 2. In no event shall the Seller be liable for lost profits, delay, injury to goodwill or any special or consequential damages howsoever any of the same are caused. 对于利益损失、延误、商誉损失或任何特别或间接的损害 赔偿，不论何种原因引起，卖方概不承担责任。
《大学英语》第6段-段落与课文翻译
Book 3 Unit 4 中译英翻译你能想像一个身体严重残疾的妇女独自经营一个网站并且像一个专业的体育记者一样详细报道洛杉矶道奇队吗?如果我没有亲眼见到她蜷曲在轮椅里，用固定在头上的一根棍子敲击字键打出她的评论，我是绝不会相信的。
我长途驱车希望揭露一个精心策划的骗局，但是，看着她在黑暗的棚屋里添写她的报道，我知道我发现了一个真正的赢家。
她对棒球的热情和她对球员的信赖使我回到了积极的态度。
Could you imagine a woman with a severe physical handicap running a website on her own and covering the Los Angles Dodgers as extensively as a professional sportswriter? I would never believe it if I had not seen her with my own eyes, curled up in a wheelchair, typing her comments by hitting the key with a pointer fastened to her head. I had driven a long way in hopes of uncovering an elaborate hoax, but watching her strain in the gloom of her shanty to add to her story, I knew I had found a true winner. Her enthusiasm for the game and her trust in the athletes brought me back to a positive attitude.Unit 5 中译英翻译1) 就能力而言,我肯定他能胜任这件工作。
大学英语翻译教程 第五版 PPT第六讲
6.1 转换成汉语动词
❖ 词类转换是英汉翻译中不可或缺的变通手段， 是突破原文词性束缚、避免貌合神离的硬译死 译，使译文准确、通顺、易懂的有效方法。
❖并不意味着词类转换可以随心所欲，而必须遵 循忠实于原文意义、使译文自然流畅、通顺易 懂的原则。
6.1 转换成汉语动词
❖ 英语动词远比汉语动词用得少。一个英语句子 （单句）往往只用一个限定性动词作谓语，而 在一个汉语句子中却可以出现几个动词。
(41) Experts say this is actually a picture after
Picasso.
6.1.2 介词（与介词短语）转译成动词
❖ 此外，英语中不少的短语介词同样具有动作、 行为意义，这些短语介词汉译时，也往往转换 成动词。 (42) Before long his thoughts were centred on the use of air as the working fluid, instead of steam. (43) In view of human history this could be a slight enough hope.
LOGO
第 六 讲 翻译技巧（二）： 词类转换
❖ 在忠实于原文的前提下，根据译入语的行文习 惯，适当进行词类转换（即将原文中属于某种 词类的词译成译语的另一类词），能使译文通 顺达意、自然流畅。
(1) Those small factories are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of raw materials. 原译：那些小厂还是原材料极大的消耗者和浪费 者。
(14) The engine has given a constantly good performance.
外贸英语函电
翻译Chapter 31．承蒙商会介绍，得知贵公司专门经营玻璃器皿出口业务。
我们愿与贵公司建立贸易关系，互利互惠。
We learn from the Chamber of Commerce that your company specialized in glassware, and we hope to establish trade relations with you to our mutual benefit.2．我们已经营金属矿产多年，希望能有机会与贵公司合作。
We have been in line of metal and mineral products for years and hope to have a chance of cooperation with you.3．我们了解到你方对中国瓷器很感兴趣，因此冒昧致函给您。
We learnt that you were very interested in china, so we take the liberty of writing to you.4．按照贵方要求，今特寄去我们的新产品样品，但愿样品能及时到达贵处。
In compliance with your request, we are pleased to send you the samples of our new product. Hopefully they can reach you in time.5．我们对中国的各种工艺品颇感兴趣，如能收到你方的产品目录和报价，将不胜感激。
We are interested in various kinds of Chinese Arts and Crafts and should appreciate your catalogues and quotation.Chapter 41．获悉贵公司对我们的产品感兴趣，非常感谢。
王关富商务英语阅读第二版参考译文chapter10
U10The alchemists of finance金融魔法点石成金May 17th 2007From The Economist print edition（本文由ECO论坛dtchengxc翻译，原文版权归经济学人集团（The Economist Newspaper Limited）所有，译文版权归译者所有，未经授权，不得转载，谢谢合作！）漫画作者玛丽亚•吉夫斯（Maria Jeeves）Global investment banks are taking ever more risk, and are devising ever more sophisticated ways of spreading it, says Henry Tricks. Is that reassuring or worrying?亨利•特里克斯(Henry Tricks)说：“全球的投资银行正承受着越来越大的风险，也在设计着越来越复杂的分散风险的方法。
”这究竟是会让人放心还是让人担心？AT LEAST since 1823, when Byron's Don Juan described “Jew Rothschild, and his fellow Christian Baring” as the “true Lords of Europe”, investment bankers have inspired awe, envy and, rightly or wrongly, a measure of disdain. Exactly 100 years ago the undisputed patriarch of the modern industry, J. Pierpont Morgan, stemmed the Panic of 1907, a financial crisis caused by unregulated trusts (the hedge funds of their day). Acting, in effect, as lender of last resort from his Wall Street office, he was briefly feted before Americans realised the danger of having such power vested in one man. Cartoonists then mercilessly mocked him. After his death in 1913 the Federal Reserve was set up.不晚于1823年——那时拜伦（Byron）在《唐璜》（Don Juan）中将“犹太人罗思柴尔德（Rothschild）和他的同伙基督徒巴林（Baring）”称为“欧洲真正的主宰”，投资银行家们博得了敬畏、羡慕以及一定程度的蔑视——不管这正确与否。
建筑英语翻译
建筑英语翻译篇一：建筑类英文及翻译外文原文出处：Geotechnical, Geological, and Earthquake Engineering, 1, Volume 10, Seismic Risk Assessment and Retrofitting, Pages 329-342补充垂直支撑对建筑物抗震加固摘要：大量的钢筋混凝土建筑物在整个世界地震活跃地区有共同的缺陷。
弱柱，在一个或多个事故中，由于横向变形而失去垂直承载力。
这篇文章提出一个策略关于补充安装垂直支撑来防止房子的倒塌。
这个策略是使用在一个风险的角度上来研究最近实际可行的性能。
混凝土柱、动力失稳的影响、多样循环冗余的影响降低了建筑系统和组件的强度。
比如用建筑物来说明这个策略的可行性。
1、背景的介绍：建筑受地震震动，有可能达到一定程度上的动力失稳，因为从理论上说侧面上有无限的位移。
许多建筑物，然而，在较低的震动强度下就失去竖向荷载的支撑，这就是横向力不稳定的原因(见图16.1)。
提出了这策略的目的是为了确定建筑物很可能马上在竖向荷载作用下而倒塌，通过补充一些垂直支撑来提高建筑物的安全。
维护竖向荷载支撑的能力，来改变水平力稳定临界失稳的机理，重视可能出现微小的侧向位移(见图16.2)。
在过去的经验表明，世界各地的地震最容易受到破坏的是一些无筋的混凝土框架结构建筑物。
这经常是由于一些无关紧要的漏洞，引起的全部或一大块地方发生破坏，比如整根梁、柱子和板。
去填实上表面来抑制框架的内力，易受影响的底层去吸收大部分的内力和冲力。
这有几种过去被用过的方法可供选择来实施:1、加密上层结构，可以拆卸和更换一些硬度不够强的材料。
2、加密上层结构，可以隔离一些安装接头上的裂缝，从而阻止对框架结构的影响。
3、底楼，或者地板，可以增加结构新墙。
这些措施(项目1、2和3)能有效降低自重，这韧性能满足于一层或多层。
然而，所有这些都有困难和干扰。
在美国，这些不寻常的代价换来的是超过一半更有价值的建筑。
翻译教程Chapter 6PPT课件
5
COHESION
• Next we consider the relations between
sentences. The most common forms these take are connectives denoting addition, contradiction, contrast, result, etc.
pragmatic features.
完整编辑ppt
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Coherence
• Consider first its genre • Next, consider the structure of the text
完整编辑ppt
3
• the structure of the text :a thesihe group are grammatical • the collocation and the word are lexical.
完整编辑ppt
11
完整编辑ppt
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感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络， 如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！
完整编辑ppt
完整编辑ppt
9
CONTRASTS
• Climax or focus can also be marked by a
negative-positive sequence, where the
negative is likely to introduce an opposite or a heightened meaning. Contrasts or oppositions are one of the most powerful cohesive factors in discourse. Other types of contrast are normally signalled by comparatives and superlatives.
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• Transfer of the Negative from the Main Clause to the Subordinate That-Clause
• I don’t think Father will fancy living an idle life like that. • 我想爸爸不会喜欢过那样清闲的生活。
• The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation. • 虽然他一再解释，但疑团依然存在。 • We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. • 我们对生活要永远抱乐观态度。 • Don’t draw your conclusion before the end of the year. • 到年底再下结论吧。 • He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. • 他这种人办事优柔寡断，而且总是出尔反尔。
• 将肯定式与否定式进行转换可能导致情态色彩的改变。一 般说来，正说是一种认可式、无异议的陈述，语气是肯定 的、平铺直叙的；反说是从反面进行陈述，有时可以获得 较婉转、较灵活的认定效果，因而具有余味或弦外之音。 • We are quite ignorant of what he has in mind. • 我们一点也不知道他心里在想什么。 • And that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. • 这个归人民所有、由人民管理、为人民服务的政府将永世 长存。 • He killed all the chicken infected with the bird flu without exception. • 他把感染了禽流感的鸡一只只全都杀光了/斩尽杀绝了。 • 他把感染了禽流感的鸡一只不留地杀了。
• No refunds or exchanges without complete factory packing and sales slip. • 商品退换须有完整包装并出示发票。 • If you need any further help, please don’t hesitate to contact us. • 如需帮忙，请随时与我们联系。
• 正说(affirmation)和反说(negation)是指在英语句 子中是否使用了no，not或者带有de-,dis-,im-,in,un-,-less等含有否定意义的前后缀的词语，在汉 语译文中是否使用了诸如“无”、“非”、“不 ”、“没（有）”、“未”、“否”、“别”、 “休”、“莫”、“勿”、“毋”等表示否定意 义的标记以及是否使用了有这些字组成的词语， 如“决不”、“毫无”、“否则”、“并非”、 “没有”、“未尝”等。
• 正说（affirmation）和反说（negation）之间的转换是一 种陈述方式的转换。其基本作用机制是英语和汉语在概念 命名、话题表述、情态表达、强调分布时的角度、侧重面 （dimension）、着眼点及特征选择或描摹方式（ characterization）等方面的差异。 • 比如，英语中self-service bookstand为正说式，其着眼点 是主观行为过程，而汉语中“无人售书处”，为反说式， 其着眼点是对客观现状的描述。 • 在译文中采用正说或者反说均是根据目的语的语言特点， 使译文更加符合目的语的表达习惯。
• • • • • • • • • •ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
She bears her age well. 她一点也不显老。 For all I care! 这事我才不管呢。 It’s anyone’s guess. 这事谁也不清楚。 Your question beats me. 你这个问题令我迷惑不解。 There will be hell to pay. 后果不堪设想。
• His arrogance displeased everyone present at the conference. • 他的傲慢态度使得参加会议的所有的人都感到气愤。 • We were waiting for the ending of the meeting with impatience. • 我们当时正焦急地等待着会议结束。 • At least he was indirectly responsible for the accident. • 他对这次事故至少负有间接责任。
• • • • • •
Keep off the lawn! 请勿践踏草坪！ Wet paint! 油漆未干！ Agreeable Sweetness. 甜而不腻
• 以上均为因表达习惯的需要而进行的正说反译。
• He fails to make the reader understand the verse. • 他不能 / 没有使读者理解这首诗。 • 原文中的动词fail本身具有否定意义。 • 英语中像这样的动词有deny, neglect, refuse, lack, exclude, ignore, miss, withhold, cease, escape, refrain from, keep...from等; • 名词有absense, vacancy, deprivation, exclusion, neglect, failure, ignorance, refusal等; • 形容词或形容词短语有absent, afraid of, different, difficult, far from, few, free from, ignorant of, little, safe from, short of等;
• 在将含有这些否定意义词汇的句子翻译成汉语时，可 以将它们翻译成汉语中的否定句式，即原文正说，译 文反说。
• I think that you are missing the point here. • 我觉得在这一点上你们没有抓住问题的本质。 • Please keep your brother from playing on the road. • 请不要让你的弟弟在马路上玩耍。 • The governmet official was removed from his office because of his neglect of duty. • 那位政府官员因玩忽职守而被撤销了职务。
Chapter 10 Negation
吴宜涛 2013/5
Contents
• 否定转移 • 否定形式译成肯定形式 • 肯定形式译成否定形式
• Sometimes the difference between Chinese and English is so great that the Eastern and Western people think and speak just in the opposite way. What is affirmative in one language may be expressed negatively by another, or vice versa. • In translation, negation means the formal conversion from the affirmative into the negative or vice versa, which is one of the translation techniques.
• 英语中有一些词语、短语，往往为习惯用语或具有引申义， 其意义是否定的。 • Catch me making the same error again. • 我绝不会再犯同样的错误！ • I dare him to jump. • 我量他也不敢跳。 • You are telling me! • 这事还用你说？ • Keep it dark! • 这事不可泄露出去！
• Conversion the Negative into the Affirmative
• • • • • • • disorder 混乱 carelessness 疏忽/粗心大意 illiterate 文盲 All the employees strongly disapprove of the company’s new policy. • 所有雇员都强烈反对公司的新政策。
• Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. • 成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自己的知识。 • He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother. • 他隐隐约约地想起了自己的爸爸和妈妈。 • The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it. • 到目前为止，联合国组织已经辜负了全世界人民对它所寄 予的希望。
• Conversion of the Affirmative into the Negative
• • • • • • • • • • A frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱 Admission by Invitation Only. 非请莫入 Adults only. 少儿不宜 Keep Upright! 切勿倒置 Inflammables—keep away from fire. 易燃物品，切勿近火
• Not all verbs in the semantic field of belief, uncertainty, etc., take transferred negation. It is notable, for example, that negation cannot be transferred from verbs like “assume”, “surmise”, and “presume”. • • • • I can’t assume that he came. 我不能假定他来了。 I assume that he couldn’t come. 我猜想他不能来。