土木工程中外文翻译

毕业设计（论文）

外文翻译

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学号：**********

所在学院：土木工程与建筑学院

专业班级： 12建工1班

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日期： 2016年3月20日

Improved Design Review

Through Web Collaboration

Abstract: An in-depth analysis of the impact of Web collaboration has shown that it is a very effective medium for conducting design reviews and offers many benefits over traditional manual methods of comment collection and resolution. Findings from two federal agencies have shown a signal cant reduction in both the time required to conduct a design review and the number of required participating parties. An economic analysis of the impact of Web collaboration on the design review process done for U.S. Corps of Engineers projects indicates that using the Web for design review collaboration provides a 73% savings in meeting time and travel cost.

CE Database subject headings: Internet; Economic analysis; Design; Reviews; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Introduction

The facility-acquisition process encompasses under steps: planning, design, procurement, construction, and start-up. Decisions made during the planning and design phases have a greater impact on the overall acquisition cost of the facility than decisions made during the construction and start-up phases. The Building and Economic Development Committee reports that 50% of the problems encountered during the construction and start-up phases are related to management of information exchange during the design phase.

Changes in the design of a facility during the construction phase result in cost and time overruns. The Federal Facility reports that conducting a formal review of the design may considerably reduce the total cost of a facility . This is because a well- and thoroughly designed facility requires fewer changes and corrections during its construction. Moreover, the FFC reported that between 30 and 50% of all changes required during the construction phase resulted from errors in the design documents related to miscommunication between design disciplines. Hence, a formal design review process should be incorporated in any quality management plan governing the delivery of professional design services.

Design Review Objectives

Modern facilities and infrastructure systems are quite complex systems, and the design process often requires a group of geographically distributed experts. Comprehensive design reviews are typically performed by teams of experienced

engineers, architects, facility managers, and end users who typically are not geographically collocated. In addition, a design review should be conducted by a team that is independent from the design team to avoid any contact of interest. The design review process is an exchange of information about competing interests, goals, and objectives that must be resolved in a timely manner. A good design review should be contain the following points：

Detect problems related to errors, omissions, and inconsistencies caused by design process;

Identify inappropriate construction methods and materials that would increase construction costs;

Certify compliance with standards, codes, and regulations;

Identify components and building systems that would result in making facilities difficult to maintain and operate;

Increase project quality, integration, constructability, and maintainability;

Reduce construction change orders with consequent decline in construction delays associated with them;

Decrease number of requests for information during construction;

Acquire knowledge that can be applied in other phases of project life cycle, which can improve returns gained from this knowledge;

Improve client satisfaction and usefulness of the facility.

Design Review Benefits

The design review process is an integral part of the quality management plan for improving the engineering and design functions. Several benefits are achieved by using the design review process that different in nature from one another. The design review process produces three immediate benefits.

First, the process avoids future contingencies by detecting design errors, omissions, and inconsistencies before the project goes out for bid. As a consequence, future claims are avoided and/or future delays are avoided.

Second, the design review process considerably improves the quality of the facility and/or civil works project. Those improvements translate into facilities that