四六级主题词汇与短语

注：其中与社会生活类、人物故事类及人文学习类（文化教育类）三大主题相关的四六级词汇基本重合。

四级词汇
天灾人祸类新闻主题词汇与短语100个
1. 自然灾害
aftershock n. 余震casualty n.伤亡人员climate change 气候变化collapse vi./n.倒塌，崩溃crash n./v.碰撞，坠落crisis n. 危机death toll 死亡人数destructive a. 破坏的，毁灭的disaster n. 灾难disastrous a. 灾难性的drought n.干旱，旱灾earthquake n.地震epicenter n. 震中erupt vi. 爆发eruption n.喷发（物）extreme weather 极端天气famine n.饥荒flood v.淹没n. 洪水，水灾heat wave 热浪hurricane n.飓风magnitude n.震级misfortune n.不幸mortality n.死亡（率）mudslide n.泥石流record rainfall 创纪录的降雨量reduced rainfall 降雨量减少sandstorm 沙尘暴storm n.暴风雨，暴风雪tornado n. 龙卷风tragedy n. 灾难，悲剧typhoon n.台风uproot v. 连根拔起
volcano n. 火山wreck vt. 破坏n. 残骸
2. 环境与灾害
acid n.酸a.酸的acid rain 酸雨biological diversity 生物多样性carbon n.碳carbon dioxide 二氧化碳creature n.生物dioxide n. 二氧化物deforestation n. 滥砍滥伐树ecological balance 生态平衡El Nino 厄尔尼诺现象emission n. 排放物endangered animals 濒危动物environment n. 环境，外界erosion n. 腐蚀exhaust gas 废气extinction of species 物种的灭绝forest fire 森林火灾geology n. 地质学greenhouse effect 温室效应habitat n.生活环境，栖息地hazardous materials 有害物质insect n. 昆虫marine a. 海洋的ozone n.臭氧pesticide n. 杀虫剂pollutant n. 污染物pollute vt.污染reserve n. 自然保护区，储备物v. 储备resource n.资源species n. 种，类water shortage 水资源短缺wild animals 野生动物保护
3. 战争与军事
armed campaign 武装战役arrest v. 逮捕
attack n./v.攻击，袭击attacker n. 袭击者blast n.爆炸bomb n. 炸弹bomb attack 炸弹袭击bullet n. 枪弹ceasefire n. 停战combat n./v. 战斗confidential information 机密情报conquer v.征服conventional forces 常规部队custody v. 拘留death toll 死亡人数Defence Ministry 国防部detain v. 扣留disarm v. 解除武装explode vi. 爆炸explosive n.炸药front n.前线gun attack 枪弹袭击gun battle 枪战invade v.侵入intelligence activities 情报活动militant n.激进分子missile n. 导弹outbreak n. 爆发patrol n./v.巡逻surrender n./v. 投降suspend v. 停止tactic n.战术terrorist attack 恐怖袭击victim n. 牺牲品violence n.暴力
政治与国际关系类主题词汇与短语100个
4. 政治
allege v.断言，宣称amend v. 修正ballot n. 选票v. 选举boycott v./n. （联合）抵制
campaign n.运动，选举candidate n.候选committee n. 委员会concession n.让步，特许权constitute vt.组成，任命constitution n.宪法democracy n.民主democratic a.民主的depose v.罢免dictate v. 命令，强行规定draft/draught n.草稿vt.起草election n.选举hierarchy n. 等级制度illegal a.非法的immunity n.豁免权impeach v. 弹劾implement vt.实施impose vt.征（税）law enforcement 执法militant policy 激进政策minority n. 少数，少数民族monarch n. 君主政治municipal a.市政的neutral a. 中立的nominate vt.提名，任命partisan a. 有党派的politician n. 政客poll n. 民意测试，政治选举privilege n. 特权proposal n. 提议racial a.种族的radical a. 激进的n. 激进分子reconcile v. 使和解regime n.政治制度reign v./n. 统治senate n.参议院，上院sovereign a.有主权的n.君主statesman n. 政治家supervise v. 监督，管理suppress v.镇压terrorism n. 恐怖活动，恐怖主义turnout n. 投票者，票数tyranny n.专制，暴行veto vt./n. 否决
welfare n. 福利
5. 国际关系
alliance n.同盟，同盟国ambassador n.大使assassin n.刺客asylum n. 庇护，避难bilateral trade 双边贸易border n. 边界boundary negotiation 边界谈判coalition n. 同盟confrontation n.对抗consultation n.磋商delegate n.代表delegation n.代表团，委派dialogue and agreement 对话与共识diplomat n. 外交官diplomatic channel 外交途径diplomatic practice 外交惯例diplomatic privilege 外交特权disputed area 有争议的地区domain n. 领域embassy n. 大使馆establishment of diplomatic relations 建立外交关系
envoy n. 使者exchange views 交换意见exchange of needed goods 互通有无foreign affairs 外交friendly exchanges 友好往来friendly/goodwill visit 友好访问hegemonism n.霸权主义informal visit 非正式访问international situation 国际形势joint action 共同行动league n. 同盟，联盟maintain neutrality 保持中立mediator n. 调解员mutual recognition 互相承认neutral state/country 中立国non-aligned countries 不结盟国家
normalization of relations 关系正常化
official visit 正式访问panel n. 专门小组peace talk 和谈realm n. 领域refugee n. 避难者，难民shelter n.遮蔽，避难所sovereign state 主权国家special envoy 特使stalemate n.僵局v.使……陷入僵局state visit 国事访问status quo of the boundary 边界现状tension n. 紧张territorial dispute 领土纠纷
社会生活类主题词汇与短语100个
6. 居家琐事
air-conditioner n. 空调balcony n. 阳台basement n. 地下室bedroom n. 卧室budget n.预算cleaning and washing 洗洗刷刷cupboard n. 橱柜economical a. 经济的，节俭的fix v.维修furnished a. 已装修的heater n.加热器household expenses 家务开支housework n. 家务活in a mess 杂乱install v.安装keep an eye on 照料keep down the cost 降低开支kitchen n.厨房laundry n.洗衣店leak v. 漏水light bulb 电灯泡living room 客厅
parcel n.包裹pipe n. 管道plumber n. 管子工porch n. 走廊postage n.邮费registered letter 挂号信shared social area 公用空间trivial affairs 日常琐事vacuum cleaner 真空吸尘器zip/postal code 邮政编码
7. 购物消费
bargain n.便宜货，讨价还价catalog(ue) n.商品目录chain store 连锁店complaint n. 投诉convenience store 便利店customer n. 顾客department store 百货大楼dessert n.甜点discount n. 折扣famous brands 名牌fast food 快餐grocery n. 杂货店in season 正合时令in stock 有现货mall n. 购物中心online shopping 网上购物order v. 点菜out of stock 没货pizza n.比萨pudding n.布丁receipt n.收据sell out 售完snack bar 快餐店，小吃店steak n.牛排supermarket n.超市take away 外卖tip n. 小费 a fat tip 优厚的小费vegetable salad 蔬菜沙拉vending machine 自动售货机
8. 交通出行
airline n.航线air/plane crash 空难airport n.机场airsick n.晕机a non- stop train 直达快车behind schedule 晚点board v. 登机booking office 订票处break the traffic rule 违反交通规则carriage n.车厢check in 入住登记check out 结账离开cloudy a. 阴天departure time 起飞时间express train 快车fantastic scene 奇异的景象flight n.航班foggy a.雾天的give a ride 搭车historic spots 历史名胜landscape n.风景one-way ticket 单程票park a car 停车platform n.站台return/round trip- ticket 往返票rush hour 高峰时期run a red light/jump the light 闯红灯safety inspection 安检see off 送行sightseeing n.观光，游览shower n.阵雨snowstorm n. 暴风雪speeding n.超速tourist n.游客traffic jam 交通拥挤，塞车transfer v.转机、车turn cold all of sudden 忽然变冷warm up 转暖weather forecast 天气预报windy a.多风的
人物故事类主题词汇与短语100个
9. 外貌描述
bald/egghead a. 秃头beard n. 络腮胡blond a.金发碧眼的boot n. 长靴cardigan n. 羊毛衫casual clothes 非正式的服装curly hair 卷发dimple n. 酒窝figure n.体形，身材formal clothes 正式的服装high-heeled shoes 高跟鞋loose a.宽松的moustache n.上唇上的小胡子pigtail n.辫子plump a. 丰满ponytail n.马尾辫sandal n. 凉鞋slender a.苗条slipper n.拖鞋tight a. 紧身的wavy hair 波浪头wrinkle n. 皱纹
10. 性格特点
active a.主动的，活跃的aggressive a. 有进取心的ambitious a.有雄心壮志的attractive a.有魅力的bad-tempered a. 脾气暴躁的brilliant a.有才气的capable a. 有能力的childish a. 幼稚的competent a. 能胜任的confident a. 有信心的considerate a. 体贴的constructive a. 建设性的creative a.富有创造力的dedicated a.有奉献精神的
earnest a.真诚的easygoing a.随便的，温和宽容的enthusiastic a.充满热情的frank a. 直率的，真诚的generous a.慷慨的humble a.恭顺的humorous a. 幽默的knowledgeable a. 有见识的logical a. 条理分明的loyal a. 忠心耿耿的modest a. 谦虚的moody a. 情绪化的narrow-minded a. 心胸狭窄的objective a. 客观的optimistic a. 乐观的practical a. 实际的responsible a. 负责的selfish a.自私的tolerant a. 容忍的trustworthy a.值得信任的
11. 职业身份
accountant n.会计architect n. 建筑师attendant n. 服务员biologist n.生物学家captain n.船长机长composer n. 作曲家dentist n. 牙科医生economist n. 经济学家editor n.编辑engineer n.工程师guide n.导游housekeeper n.管家judge n. 法官lawyer n. 律师lecturer n.讲师merchant n. 商人priest n. 牧师programmer n. 电脑程序员public servant n.公务员receptionist n. 接待员
secretary n.秘书technician n.技术人员telephone operator n. 电话接线员
12. 人际交往
a strange personality 个性古怪 a very bad temper 脾气很不好be out of touch with sb. 和某人失去联系
emotional problems 情绪问题
get upset easily over little thing 轻易在小事上生气
go out of style 过时have a bad time 过得糟糕half a dozen of words 没有几句话have a great time 过得很愉快have long face 生气或情绪低落hit the ceiling 勃然大怒idle around all day 整天闲逛in a bad mood 情绪糟糕in one’s place 代替某人
keep in regular touch with sb. 跟某人保持定期联系
lose one’s temper 发脾气make sb. smile 使某人开心out of line 过分possess a natural talent for 有……的天赋put one’s finger on sth. 精确找出或指出某事的原因
stage fright 怯场
六级词汇
make a fuss over this issue 把某件事搞得非常糟
人文学习类主题词汇与短语100个
13. 学校教育
accommodation n. 住宿accounting n. 会计学after-school activity 课外活动art n. 艺术assessment n.综合评估assignment n.作业attendance n. 出勤率bachelor n. 学士boarder n.住宿生credit n. 学分cut a class 旷课degree n. 学位diploma n. 毕业证书dissertation n. （学位）论文doctor n. 博士drop out 辍学economics n. 经济学fill sb. in 给某人补课finance n. 金融学GPA平均学分绩点graduate student/postgraduate student 研究生gymnasium n. 体育馆history n. 历史lecture notes 课堂笔记letter of recommendation 推荐信librarian n.图书馆长，图书管理员literature n. 文学master n. 硕士miss a class 缺课paper n. 论文participation 出勤率physics n. 物理学post doctor 博士后presentation n. 演讲；表述，报告psychology n.心理学quit school 退学reading room 阅览室recommendation n. 推荐，建议register/enroll v. 登记，报到scholarship n. 奖学金
science n. 理科semester n. 学期seminar n. 研讨会skip the class 逃课thesis n. 学位论文，论文tuition n. 学费turn in/hand in 上交undergraduate student 本科生六级词汇
auditorium n. 礼堂go over 温习keep drifting away
14. 文化艺术
abstract a. 抽象的. arose vt. 引起，激起，唤起arose one's curiosity 激发某人的好奇心art works 艺术作品band n. 乐队cartoon n. 卡通片classic art 高雅艺术classical literature 古典文学collected works 文集collection n. 文集，作品集；收藏品concert n. 音乐会cultural differences 文化差异性cultural insights 文化视角cultural shock 文化冲击diversity n. 多样性fashionable a.时尚的fork art 民间艺术graffiti n. 涂鸦imagination n. 想象力inspiration n. 灵感instrument n.乐器literature and art 文艺mass media 大众媒体masterpiece n. 杰作musical n. 音乐剧oil painting 油画
orchestra n. 管弦乐队outdated a. 过时的popular with 流行sculpture n. 雕像spread knowledge 传播知识
六级词汇
scope of knowledge 知识面
15. 社会习俗
behavior n. 行为best man 伴郎bride n. 新娘bridesmaid n. 伴娘ceremony n. 典礼，仪式，礼节，礼仪costume n. 服饰cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流custom n. 风俗engagement n. 订婚exotic a.有异域情调的good-mannered n. 文明的，有礼貌的groom n. 新郎ill-mannered a. 无教养的interaction n. 互动national identity and value 民族特性和价值观
offensive a. 冒犯的，无礼的practice n. 惯例proper conduct 得体的举止taboo n. 禁忌tradition n.传统wedding ceremony 婚礼
六级词汇
科学研究类主题词汇与短语80个
1. 科普知识
altitude n. 海拔amphibian n. 两栖动物assembly n.组装，装配assembly line 流水线atmosphere n. 空气，大气，大气层computer virus 计算机病毒cosmos n.宇宙cyber n.网络defense n.防御digital a.数字的，数码的disguise v./n. 防伪earthquake n. 地震equator n.赤道erupt vi. 爆发exhaust gas 废气galaxy n.银河系gene n. 基因genetic engineering 遗传工程genetics n. 遗传学geography n.地理学geology n.地质学hacker n.黑客hibernation n.冬眠inherit vt.遗传latitude n. 纬度light year 光年longitude n.经度mammal n. 哺乳动物observatory n. 天文台outer atmosphere 大气层planet n.行星protein n.蛋白质satellite n.卫星solar system 太阳系technology-dependent 依赖科技的telecommunication n.电讯two-edge sword/weapon 双刃剑universe n.宇宙
virus n. 病毒，病毒性疾病volcano n. 火山
2. 科研发现
adapt to 适应antithetical a.与……背道而驰的be deceptive and misleading 具有欺骗性和误导性
boost the economic development 促进经济发展
breakthrough n. 突破chat room 聊天室depletion of resources 能源消耗disastrous a.灾难性的energy crisis 能源危机
environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源
exert a far-reaching impact on 对……产生一种深远的影响
fake and exaggerated information 虚假信息
high-tech products 高科技产品in all works of life 在各行各业in view of 考虑到innovation n. 创新lay a solid foundation for 为……打下良好的基础
lay more emphasis on 把重心放在……major cause 主要原因make full use of 充分利用make progress 取得进步milestone n.里程碑non-renewable resources 不可再生资源on-line shopping 网上购物opposite/negative effects 负面影响optimize v. 优化over-commercialized 过度商业化的perfect services 完善服务potential hazards 潜在危险scientific invention 科学发明
see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展
settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律
short-sighted 目光短浅的sophisticated equipment 尖端设备surf on the Internet 网上冲浪survive v. 生存sustainable development 可持续发展tube baby 试管婴儿unprecedented a. 前所未有的
up to date/ up to minute/cutting edge 最新的
商业经济类主题词汇与短语80个
3. 商业术语
boost v. 提高，使增长bulk sale 整批销售commercial channels 商业渠道commercial transaction 买卖，交易customs n. 海关customs duty 关税dealer n.经销商debt n.债务deposit v.存款
domestic/international/foreign trade 国内、国际，对外贸易dumping v. 倾销exchange rate 汇率export v.出口exporter n. 出口商import n.进口importer n. 进口商interest rate 利率item n. 项目，细目manufacturer n.制造商middleman n. 中间人，经纪人property n. 财产purchase v. 购买，进货
quota n. 配额，限额retailer n.零售商stocks n. 存货，库存量terms of trade 贸易条件unfair competition 不公平竞争wholesaler n.批发商
4. 工作选择
a junior sales manager 初级销售经理accept/take the post 接受职位appeal to sb. 适合于某人application letter 求职信be very impressive 令人印象深刻dismissal a. 开除，解雇fill in/out application form 填写申请表first impression 第一印象further talk 进一步谈判jo
b interview 工作面试job prospects 职前前景job resume 工作简历job-hunting 找工作night shift 夜班odd job 零工pay offer 工资待遇position/post/vacancy/opening 职位professional expertise 专业技能take over the position 接任职务the want ads 招聘广告turn down/refuse 拒绝unemployment n. 失业useful/past experience 有用的、过去的工作经验
work overtime 加班working/office time 工作时间
5. 工作谈论
a large international company 大型国际公司
advertising strategies 广告策略an impressive reputation 声誉不错
bring her capability into fuller play 发挥她能力方面的优势
data collection 数据收集draw up a budget 做出预算exchange information 交流信息file a lawsuit 提起诉讼get enough bucks 赚够多的钱handle accounts 处理账务immediate boss 直接上司information processing 信息处理international trade fair 国际展览会keep a close watch on 紧盯着keep on top of everything 控制全局lower the cost of 降低……成本make a concession 做出让步on business trip 出差paid vacation 带薪假personnel department人事部report to sb. 向某人汇报resign from his position 离职right candidate for his position 该职位合适的人选
stay competition 保持竞争stimulate business activity 刺激商业活动training consultancy 培训咨询
医疗保健类主题词汇与短语50个
allergy n. 过敏antibiotic n. 抗生素bandage n. 绷带be/feel under the weather 身体不舒服beyond cure 无法治愈capsule n.胶囊clinic n. 诊所cure v. 治愈diabetics n.糖尿病患者dizzy a. 头晕目眩的emergency n. 紧急情况emergency room 急诊室epidemic a.流行病eye drops 眼药水
feel chilly 觉得发冷feel dizzy 头晕fever n. 发烧flu n.流感give a prescription 开药方have a cough 咳嗽have a sore throat 嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛have a stuffed nose 鼻子不通have/catch a cold 感冒high blood pressure 高血压infectious illness 传染病injection n.注射，注入make an appointment 预约medication n. 药物operation n.手术physical exercise 锻炼physician n. 内科医生pill n.药片prescription n. 处方runny nose 流鼻涕see a doctor 看病send for a doctor 请医生sneeze v. 打喷嚏surgeon n. 外科医生surgery n. 外科手术symptom n.症状tablet n. 药片take injection 打针take one’s blood pressure 量血压take temperature 量体温toothache n.牙疼treat n. 治疗twist one’s ankle 扭伤脚踝vaccinate v. 注射疫苗vitamin n. 维生素。