翻译技巧之重复法

重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；但有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。

一、为了明确

（一）重复名词

1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词

1）Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。

2）I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble.

我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。

3）They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.

他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。

4）Thus, I wrote "Spain in Arms, 1937" and saw China in revolution in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan.

这样，我就写了《战斗中的西班牙（一九三七年）》。我也看到了一九二五年至一九二七年正在革命的中国，后来又看到了正同日本作战的中国。

2. 重复英语中作表语的名词

1）He became an oil baron -- all by himself.

他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。

2）This has been our position -- but not theirs.

这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。

3）John is your friend as much as he is mine.

约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。

3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词

英语中常重复使用前置词，而将第二个、第三个前置词前的名词省略，翻译时则往往要把此名词重复。

1）The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.

医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。

2）The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destfoyed by the capitalist industrial machine.

尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本主义工业机器摧残不幸的人们的故事。

3）We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.

由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。

4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词

英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词（名词或代词），一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词，往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。

1）

May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, t hrough you, for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the w orld.

让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党，祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。

2）

They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow.

他们举行了示威游行和静坐，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻莫斯科的外国记者手中。

3）

The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.

小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把他整瘪了

英语中的同位语，在译文中有时也可以重复先行词。

1）The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from "Shangri-la", the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.

这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，这批飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是一个虚构的喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源。

2）All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize.

所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。

3）Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.

水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。

4）No one dared to walk out of Johnson's Administration, because they knew if they did, two men were going to follow their ass to the end of the earth, Mr. J. Edgar Hoover and the head of the Internal Revenue Service.

没有人敢向约翰逊辞职。因为他们知道，要是谁胆敢这样做，就会有两个人在他们屁股后面跟到天涯海角，这两个人便是埃德加·胡佛先生和国内税务局局长。

（二）重复动词

1. 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。

1）Is he a friend or an enemy?

他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？

2）The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.

这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。

3）For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother.

足足有十分钟，他既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。

4）Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. (Edgar Snow)

毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。