上海市2018-2019学年交大附中高三化学 上学期摸底考试卷
2018-2019学年上海市上大附中高三上第一次月考化学试卷
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二、综合题
（一）本题共 15 分 短周期元素 X、Y、Z、W 原子序数依次增大。X 氢化物的水溶性显碱性；Y 在元素周期表中所处的
周期序数与族序数相等；Z 单质是将太阳能转化为电能的常用材料，也是一种半导体材料；W 是重要的“成 盐元素”，主要以钠盐的形式存在于海水中。请回答： 21. Y 在元素周期表中的位置是_______________________。 22. Y 的最高氧化物相应水化物具有_______（填“酸性”、“碱性”、“两性”）。
C. 中和反应都有盐和水生成，有盐和水生成的反应都属于中和反应
D. 氧化物中都含有氧元素，含氧元素的化合物不一定是氧化物
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8. SiF4 与 SiCl4 分子都是正四面体结构。下列判断正确的是（ ）
A. 键长：Si-F>Si-Cl
B. 键能：Si-F>Si-Cl
C. 沸点： SiF4 SiCl4
B. 若 R 2 和 M 的电子层结构相同，则离子半径： M R 2
C. 若 X 是原子晶体，Y 是分子晶体，则熔点：Y>X
D. 若 A2 2D 2A D2 ，则氧化性： D A
19. 能用共价键键能大小解析的性质是（ ）
A. 稳定性：HCl > HI
B. 密度：HI > HCl
C. 沸点：HI > HCl
b. 平衡移动时，正反应速率先减小后增大
c. 一定向逆反应方向移动
d. 平衡移动时，逆反应速率先增大后减小
30. 对于Ⅲ中的反应，CO 在不同温度下的平衡转化率与压强的关系如右图所示。实际生产条件控制在 250℃、
1.3104 kPa 左右，简述选择此压强的理由：
2019-2020学年上海市上海交通大学附属中学新高考化学模拟试卷含解析
2019-2020学年上海市上海交通大学附属中学新高考化学模拟试卷一、单选题（本题包括15个小题，每小题4分，共60分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意） 1．Bodensteins 研究反应H 2(g)+I 2(g)2HI(g) △H ＜0 ，温度为T 时，在两个体积均为1L 的密闭容器中进行实验，测得气体混合物中碘化氢的物质的量分数w (HI)与反应时间t 的关系如下表： 容器编号 起始物质t/min 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ⅰ 0.5mol I 2、0.5mol H 2 w(HI)/% 0 50 68 76 80 80 Ⅱx mol HIw(HI)/%1009184818080研究发现上述反应中：v 正=k a •w(H 2)•w(I 2)，v 逆=k b •w 2(HI)，其中k a 、k b 为常数。
下列说法不正确的是( ) A ．温度为T 时，该反应abk k =64 B ．容器I 中在前20 min 的平均速率v(HI)=0.025 mol•L -1•min -1C ．若起始时，向容器I 中加入物质的量均为0.1 mol 的H 2、I 2、HI ，反应逆向进行D ．无论x 为何值，两容器中达平衡时w(HI)%均相同 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】A ． H 2(g)+I 2(g)⇌2HI(g)起始量(mol/L) 0.5 0.5 0 变化量(mol/L) n n 2n 平衡量(mol/L) 0.5-n 0.5-n 2nw(HI)/%=2n1×100%=80%，n=0.4 mol/L ，平衡常数 K=2080.10.1⨯．=64。
反应达到平衡状态时正逆反应速率相等，k a •w(H 2)•w(I 2)=v 正=v 逆=k b •w 2(HI)，则ab k k =()()()222w HI w H w I =K=64，故A 正确； B ．前20 min ，H 2(g) + I 2(g)⇌2HI(g)起始量(mol/L) 0.5 0.5 0 变化量(mol/L) m m 2m 平衡量(mol/L) 0.5-m 0.5-m 2m w(HI)%=21m×100%=50%，m=0.25mol/L ，容器I 中前20 min 的平均速率，v(HI)=20.25mol /L20min⨯=0.025mol•L -1•min -1，故B 正确；C．若起始时，向容器I中加入物质的量均为0.l mol的H2、I2、HI，此时浓度商Q c=2010.10.1．=1＜K=64，反应正向进行，故C错误；D．H2(g)+I2(g)⇌2HI(g)反应前后气体的物质的量不变，改变压强，平衡不移动，因此无论x为何值，Ⅰ和Ⅱ均等效，两容器达平衡时w(HI)%均相同，故D正确；答案选C。
精品解析：上海交通大学附中2019-2020学年高三上学期期中考试化学试题(解析版)
2019-2020学年上海交大附中高三第一学期化学期中考试卷1. 有机物命名中常使用三套数字，甲、乙、丙…，1、2、3…，一、二、三…。
其中“一、二、三…”指的是（）A. 碳原子数B. 氢原子数C. 碳链位置编号D. 某种基团的数目【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】有机物命名中常使用三套数字，甲、乙、丙…，是主链碳原子数；1、2、3…，是取代基在主链上的位置；一、二、三…，为取代基的数目，故选D。
2. 下列物质变化中，只克服一种作用力的是（）A. NaHSO4受热熔化B. NaHCO3受热分解C. 干冰溶于水D. 石墨转变金刚石【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】A．NaHSO4受热熔化只克服离子键，故A选；B．NaHCO3受热分解生成碳酸钠、二氧化碳和水，克服了离子键和共价键，故B不选；C．干冰溶于水，反应生成了碳酸，克服了共价键，碳酸发生部分电离，需克服范德华力，共价键，故C不选D．石墨变为金刚石发生化学反应，克服了共价键和范德华力，故D不选；故选A。
【点睛】本题的易错点为CD，要注意干冰和石墨中均存在范德华力，发生了化学反应，同时需要破坏化学键。
3. 下列有关化学用语正确的是（）Cl B. 氯化钠的电子式A. 中子数为18的氯原子：1817C. 苯甲酸的结构简式：D. CH4的比例模型【答案】D【分析】Cl，故A错误；【详解】A．质量数=质子数+中子数，故中子数为18的氯原子的质量数为35，故表示为3517B．氯化钠为离子化合物，正确的电子式为，故B错误；C．苯甲酸中含有羧基，结构简式为，故C错误；D．CH4为正四面体结构，C原子的相对体积较大，其比例模型为，故D正确；故选D。
4. 氯元素在自然界有35Cl和37Cl两种同位素，在计算式35×75.77%+37×24.23%=35.48中（）A. 35表示氯元素的相对原子质量B. 35.48表示氯元素的相对原子质量C. 35.48表示氯元素的近似相对原子质量D. 24.23%表示35Cl的丰度【答案】C【解析】【分析】【详解】A、35表示35Cl的相对原子质量的近似值，故A错误；B、氯元素的相对原子质量是用两种同位素的相对原子质量分别乘以各自的丰度计算得到的结果，35.48表示氯元素的近似相对原子质量，故B错误；C、元素的近似相对原子质量=各元素的质量数×原子百分比，35.5表示氯元素的近似相对原子质量，故C 正确；D、24.23%表示37Cl的丰度，故D错误；故选C。
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高三第一学期摸底考试
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高三第一学期摸底考试上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高三第一学期摸底考试英语试卷（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）第I卷Ⅰ. VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)1-5 BD A BC ABC D 6-10 B AB CB AC CTeenagers seem more likely to give in to peer influence than adults, but that may not be because teens are less 1 of making rational decisions themselves, studies on peer pressure suggest.Research finds people are strikingly susceptible to influences teenagers, but to what degree varies widely. In a growing body of work, scientists suggest that teens are more 2 to peer pressure than adults because they get greater pleasure from behavior they experience as rewarding. They tend to find being liked by other people very pleasing.Peer influence during adolescence is normal. During that time, people experience an increase in novelty-seeking, 3 by interest in exploring a new environment. This peer influence tends to 4 around age 15 and then decline. Teens get better at setting boundaries with peers by age 18, according to Laurence Steinberg, a psychology professor at Temple University.In years pas t, people thought teens didn’t have fully 5 frontal lobes (额叶), the part of the brain critical for decision-making and other more complex cognitive tasks. But an increasing amount of research seems to show that teens are able to make decisions as well as adults when they are not overwhelmed 6 with emotions.Peer pressure is often seen as negative, and indeed it can 7 teens into unhealthy behavior like smoking or speeding. But it can also lead to 8 in more useful social behavior. If peers value doing well in school or excelling at sports, for instance, it might encourage kids to study or train harder. And both peer pressure and learning to 9 it are important developmental steps to self-reliance, experts say.Facing the influence of friends represents an important developmental step for teens on their way to becoming independent-thinking adults, scientists say.In order for kids to develop the ability to stand up to peer pressure, parents have to let their children stand up to them, too, according to Dr. Steinberg. “If you’re the kind of parent that raises your children with the ‘do it because I said so’ 10 , you’re raising a child who’s going to be more susceptible to others saying, ‘Do this,’” he says.(B)1-5 CD C A D AC 6-10 ABC BC AB B BDStudents Honor 9/11 Through VolunteeringIn the days after Sept. 11, 2001, thousands poured into Ground Zero to lend their hands in one of the largest recoveryefforts(恢复经济) in American history. Now, 12 years later, colleges are finding ways to channel（疏通）the same 1 into service projects in their own communities on September 11th."9/11 is such a(n) __2__ touchstone（试金石）for our country, I think people want to find ways to do something, and students as well," says Kevin Kruger, president of the student affairs group. "The idea of giving something back to the __3__ ties in well to（密切配合）the emotional significance of that."Though no corner of the country was untouched by the terrorist attacks, they especially rocked （晃动）New York University on 9/11. Less than two miles from Ground Zero, students__4__ the plane-on-tower impact from their dorm rooms. The university coordinated（协调）shelters and counseling（提供建议）in the days afterward.Because of this, NYU public affairs director Philip Lentz says the volunteer work the students do this week has a "special relevance（关联）." Students today __5__ at a rescue mission, wrote cards for soldiers and veterans（老兵）and made donations for the families of victims and first responders （现场目击者）on 9/11."NYU feels it has a special __6__ to offer this service opportunity to students that are here so they can give back to the community that was so devastated（毁灭）by the attacks," Lentz says.Similar deeds have been taking place in George Washington University in Washington, D.C. "For the past five years at GW, freshmen have boarded buses immediately after their official welcome __7__ in early September to head for the nation's financial capital and volunteer in __8__ that aid the environment, education, veterans and community organizations," says AmyCohen, theuniversity's director for civic engagement and public service."We hope that students will learn that community __9__ is part of how we build strong communities and a vibrant __10__ society," Cohen wrote in an e-mail to USA TODAY. "We ask students to reflect on the tragedy of 9/11 and to use this day as a way to show civic engagement and community building."Ⅰ. Reading comprehension.Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Harvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, 1 , is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard，the library is an essential part of everybody's life. Both the quantity and the 2 of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard 3 his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and 4 more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are 5 in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its 6 of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is the firstlibrary in the world that is 7 for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What 8 to be mentioned is the system or rather theservice of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries forundergraduates will even be open all night during the 9period. The libraries also provide with students the service of 10 reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are 11 to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for thelibrary is limited, many books are 12 in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the 13 library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of 14 which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) 15 experience.A）1-5 BCADB 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 DCABD1. A. as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all times2. A. influence B. discipline C. quality D. prospect3. A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributed4. A. contains B. composes C. involves D. includes5. A. informative B. different C. secure D. peculiar6. A. collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitions7. A. unusually B. formally C. specially D. especially8. A. remains B. happens C. appears D. deserves9. A. examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation10. A. confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designing11. A. desperate B. willing C. reluctant D. responsible12. A. exhibited B. reserved C. stored D. classified13. A. appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restricted14. A. performance B. service C. activity D. response15. A. fortunate B. creative C. positive D. enjoyable(B)Instead of cruising in on a hoverboard, I rode my bike to the office today. The bicycle was invented in the 19th century. Instead of taking a pill for breakfast, I had a bacon roll, cooked using gas. Science fiction has 1 to us.Making predictions is tricky, especially about the future, as physicist Niels Bohr joked. In science fiction, you can't escape that 2 though. Since its birth in the 19th century, writers have 3 imagined the things to come: devices that humankind will invent to make life easier. But in so many instances, those promises have not come to pass. The biggest 4 are in travel--jet packs, hoverboards and flying cars are yet to fill the skies. Air travel has become significantly cheaper and wide-reaching, but only using distinctly 20th-century technology: commercial aero planes are much the same as they were 50 years ago.5 is what science fiction frequently delivers, but its arrival in the real world has been unpredictable. Domestic robots with a degree of intelligence are yet to6 , though robotic vacuum cleaners are commercially available--even if they are fairly hopeless. Video calls have nowarrived--sort of--but conferencing on Skype is still dissatisfying. In mobiles, video call technology is now available, so when your dad rings to update you on his vegetable patch, he'll be able to7 your look of boredom.The truth is that we quickly 8 the astonishment of invention: our wonderment is soon replaced with the feeling of nothing new. We should ty to stay in that period of 9 . It is astonishing that the contents of every book ever written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket. Or that almost all the information in the world can be accessed almost anywhere at any time. All these 10 are dependent on the emergence of the microchip and its place in computers. Yet sci-fi didn’t 11 the dominance of the computer in running our lives.But the real area where 12 far outstrips predictions is medicine. Sure, fiction would describe humans as ‘disea se-free’ but without going into detail. “Disease-fee” humans are still absent, but the progress made in 13 life is breathtaking. With relative ease, we can sequence anyone's genome (基因组), giving a read-out of our entire genetic code. This means we can find out the underlying genetic cause of thousands of diseases in minutes.Photosensitive implants now exist that can replace damaged cells in the retina (视网膜) and can thus 14 sight to the blind. While the inventions of science fiction can show great ideas we’d like to happen, nothing 15 the inventiveness of people in the real world.B）1-5 BBDAC 6-10 ACCBD 11-15 ADACD1. A. tuned B. lied C. objected D. talked2. A. opportunity B. challenge C. Imagination D. conflict3. A. hesitantly B. critically C. temporarily D. tirelessly4. A. disappointments B. advancements C. enjoyments D. experiments5. A. Modernization B. Exploration C. Automation D. Transportation6. A. materialize B. identify C. honour D. liberate7. A. imagine B. feel C. see D. ignore8. A. arouse B. discover C. forget D. evaluate9. A. frustration B. amazement C. boredom D. limitation10. A. modes B. worries C. potentials D. actions11. A. predict B. overlook C. motivate D. prevent12. A. quality B. obstacle C. passion D. reality13. A. maintaining B. creating C. researching D. encountering14. A. show B. lend C. restore D. label15. A. guarantees B. overestimates C. releases D. OutperformsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In his book The Tipping Point Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell explains how a trend can take many forms. It can be a general change in social behaviour, an idea or a fashion. However, why do some trends catch on and others not? What makes one particular brand of training shoe suddenly become the must-have product? How do people find out about trends and what makes people want to buy into them? Is it simply a question of keeping up with other people?In his new work, Gladwell explores the moment when something becomes common and how products, ideas messages and forms of behaviour spread. He looks at the reasons why trends are similar in the way they develop to outbreaks of disease, or medical epidemics.Epidemics, like trends, start in a very small way, maybe from a single person with a virus, then spread very quickly until they take over the population and appear to be everywhere. Eventually, they will slowdown gradually or die out suddenly. Gladwell shows how these changes happen not gradually but at one dramatic moment.Gladwell identifies three types of people who are influential in the development of these kinds of social epidemics.Connectors are people in a community who have wide social circles. They know a lot of people and like to introduce people to catch other. The people they know also tend to come from a variety of social, cultural professional and economic circles.Mavens are people with a lot of knowledge or experts in a particular field. They wish to pass on their knowledge to others. Mavens collect and gather information so are the first to pick up on new trends.Salesmen are people with charisma and powerful negotiation skills. They have a soft influence over people rather than actual power. This means they are influential because people want to imitate them.Overall, Gladwell's book is a thought-provoking read for anyone interested in the origins oftrends. What's more, he writes in a clear style so even the most difficult ideas are easy to understand.71.According to Gladwell, which of the following is asimilarity between trends and epidemics?A. Both of them start from nowhereB. Both of them die out in a short timeC. Both of them become popular overnightD. Both of them change he way people think72. What can be concluded from the passage about The Tipping Point?A. It is the writers first book to touch on social phenomenaB. It is intended to introduce the trends that once took overC. It deals with the ideas that most people identify withD. It explores How a trend originates and spreads73. The passage is most likely to beA. an adver sementB. a reviewC. a news reportD. a feature story74. Salesmen work in the development of trends by means ofA people intention to follow themB the way they gather informationD. their influence on the trendsC. their professional knowledge（B）(*Please purchase a ticket before boarding the coach75. On December 25th, 2014, the first coach from, Heathrow Terminal I to Reading departs at____.A.7:15B.7:00C.6:50D.6:3576. If you are to reach Terminal 2 of the Heathrow Airport before 10: 00 a.m., you need to get to Reading Station not later than____.A $. 30am B.8:45am C.9:00a,m. D.9:15a.m77. The information leaflet is produced by____.A. ReadingB. IntercityC. Railair LinkD. Heathrow Airport(C)As students are discussing their favorite colleges, there’s one characterist ic they can’t control their race. That’s one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful-of lawsuits, play down their affirmative action efforts these days. But make no mistake race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.In: Texas, public universities have managed to reduce the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the schools minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic(西班牙裔) and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges headmasters from high schools with large minority populations to recommend qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 mainly black or Hispanichigh schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1296 students are black. Siler went hearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said: "Tm pleased I got two."Rice has also turned to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant’s race. But a new essay question asks about each student "background" and "cultural traditions". When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences and what they awkwardly call "overcome students", who have triumphed over hardship.Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she was far behind most accepted applicants: But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. All the newspapers say affirmative action is done, “says an experienced adviser at a large New York City high school. But nothing has changed. I have a(minority)kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s.78. What does the word outlaw"(in Para. 1)most probably mean?A. supportB. consider D. hateC. ban79. What can we infer from the passage about affirmative action?A. It guarantees students, of different races to be admittedequally.B It discriminates against minority students in college admissions.C. It gives preference to minority students in college admissions.D. It is popular with American colleges but not with the American public80. Why does Rice University send two recruiters to find minority applicants?A. Rice has a large minority populationB: Rice wants to maintain its minority enrollmentC Minority students do not favor Rice very muchD. Minority students have better school performance81. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A: Here Comes Equality at LastB. Yes. Your Race Still MattersC. Well Done. Affirmative ActionD. Minorities Are Still a Minority in Universities(D)Direction: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Sleep in a BoxHaving a newborn can be discouraging and troublesome. What do you need to buy? How will you get the baby to sleep? And how will you pay for everything? Could the answers to these worries lie in a “baby box"?The baby box has taken the world by storm, but what is it? Well, it originated in Finland in thel930s as a kind of basic items for parents-to-be. The box, provided by the government, contains supplies, such as bibs, nappies, and teething toys. It also comes with a small mattress, which is placed in the bottom of the box to create the baby’s first small bed. Now, the idea of putting a child to sleep inbox may shock some. 82_______ the box has been a huge success and is said to be one of the main reasons why the death rate of infants in Finland is so low.A few years ago, stories of the Finnish baby box went relating to viruses. Other countries around the world have since caught onto the idea and adapted it to suit local needs. For example, in South Africa, the box is made of plastic and can be used as a bath rather than a bed. A(83* The version tested in India includes other appropriate supplies, such as a mosquito het to protect babies from malaria(疟疾).In Canada, additions to the baby box include a bed-side assistance booklet “to help fathers connect with their babies, Written in the style of a car-repair manual, the booklet offers first-time dads helpful advice on matters such as how to burp(使打嗝)their child. 84________ I wanted to make that moment available to all parents,” said Morris, a father of a two-month baby boy.85_________ Many believe governments should focus on providing parents with adequate maternity and paternity Leaves(父母产假) and improving health care andeducation．Good things cone in small packages, though, and for such a simple idea the baby box really does do a lot of things!第II卷Ⅰ.GrammarDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)E-cigarettes, widely prompted as an alternative (1)_____to smoking, are actually attractingyoung people who might not otherwise (2)_____(smoke) tobacco products, a new US study suggested Monday.E-cigarettes (3)_____(think) by some to be responsible for a decline in American youth cigarette smoking, but researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) indicated the reality is the opposite.The USCF researchers concluded that many kids who went on (4)_____(smoke) regular cigarettes may not have used nicotine(尼古丁) at all if e-cigarettes did not exist. "We didn't find any evidence that e-cigarettes are causing youth smoking to decline," said lead author Lauren Dutra of the UCSF.(5)_____ some of the kids using e-cigarettes were also smoking cigarettes, we found that kids who were at low risk of starting nicotine with cigarettes were using e-cigarettes," Dutra said. "Recent declines in youth smoking are likely (6)_____ tobacco control efforts, not to e-cigarettes."The findings, published in U.S. journal Pediatrics, built on a growing body of evidence that adolescents who start with e-cigarettes are (7)_____(likely) to subsequently smoke traditional cigarettes.They found that cigarette smoking among U.S. adolescents declined during that decade, but did not decline faster (8)_____ the advent of e-cigarettes in the U.S. between 2007 and 2009."E-cigarettes are encouraging -- not discouraging -- youth to smoke and to consume nicotine, and (9)_____(expend) the tobacco market," said senior author Stanton Glantz, UCSF professor of medicine and director of the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.In August 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration restricted e-cigarette purchases to adults ages 18 and older. The FDA will also require a warning label on e-cigarettes, starting August 2018, regarding the addictive nature of nicotine. However, the FDA's (10)_____(rule) does not regulate advertising or flavors, and e-cigarettes continue to be sold in flavors that appeal to youth, the UCSF researchers said.(B)There seems never (11)______(be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, (12)______is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies (13)______ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are (14)______ the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, (15)______(step) into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much (16)______ they changed over the centuries but how much they(17)______(remain) the same.The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and (18)______ persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds of toys (19)______(appear). Variations depended on local customs and ways of life (20)______ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.(C)In a shocking turn of events, the Academy Award for Best Picture was mistakenly awarded to "La La Land," (21)______ cast(剧组演员) and crew took the stage and began giving speeches－until a moment later the producers realized actually the award (22)_______(me an) for "Moonlight”.Presenter Warren Beatty explained afterwards that he was handed the wrong envelope, which contained the winner for best actress Emma Stone (23)______(star) in " La la land” After staring at the card for several moments, in (24)______ appeared to be an attempt to build suspense, his co-presenter Faye Dunaway announced that “La La Land" had won best picture.Realizing the mistake, representatives of Price Waterhouse Coopers raced onstage to stop the acceptance speeches from the "La La Lan d” team, and called the "Moonlight" cast and crew to the stage. Barry Jenkins’ "Moonlight" had actually won best picture in a historic Oscar upset."La La land" came in with 14 nominations, a record that tied (25)_____with “Titanic” and “All About Eve”. Ba rry Jenkins tender, coming-of-age drama, made for just $1.5 million, is an unusually small Oscar winner. "Even in my wildest dreams thiscannot be true, " said the astonished Jenkins once he reached the stage.Host Jimmy Kimmel had come forward(26)______(inform) the cast that "Moonlight" had indeed won, showing the inside of the envelope(27)_______ proof. And Producer Jordan Horwitz then graciously passed his statue to the "Moonlight" producers.Barry Jenkins, the writer-director of "Moonlight" and Tare Alvin McCraney, whose play it was based on, won for(28)_______(adapt) screenplay. “For all you people out there (29)_______feel like there isn’t a mirror out there for you, the academy has your back, the ACLU has your back and for the next four years we will not leave you alone, we will not forget you, " said Jenkins.Backstage, Oscar winner Emma Stone said, "I think everyone’s in a state of confusion still. Later the actress, who pledged her deep love of "Moonlight" added, "Is that(30)______(crazy)Oscar moment of all time? Cool!Ⅰ.Translation1．你是否具备了成为一名演员的必要素质？(take)2．不可否认的是均衡的饮食是保持健康的关键之一。
上海交大附中2023-2024学年高三化学第一学期期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题含解析
上海交大附中2023-2024学年高三化学第一学期期末质量跟踪监视模拟试题考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
一、选择题（每题只有一个选项符合题意）1、我们熟知的一些化合物的应用错误的是A．MgO冶炼金属镁B．NaCl用于制纯碱C．Cu(OH)2用于检验糖尿病D．FeCl3用于净水2、设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的数值，下列说法正确的是A．10gNH3含有4N A个电子B．0.1mol铁和0.1mol铜分别与0.1 mol氯气完全反应，转移的电子数均为0.2N AC．标准状况下，22.4 L H2O中分子数为N A 个D．1L0.1mol·L－1Na2CO3溶液中含有0.1N A个CO32－3、关于下列各实验装置的叙述中，不正确．．．的是A．装置①可用于实验室制取少量NH3或O2B．装置②可用于实验室制备Cl2C．装里③可用从右侧管处加水的方法检验气密性D．装置④中若溴水褪色则证明石蜡油分解产生乙烯4、a、b、c、d四种短周期元素在周期表中分布如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．若四种元素均为主族元素，则d元素的原子半径最大B．若b最外层电子占据三条轨道，则a的单质可用于冶炼金属C．若a为非金属元素，则c的气态氢化物的水溶液可能呈碱性D．若a最外层有两个未成对电子，则d的单质常温下不可能为气体5、设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列有关叙述正确的是A．常温下，1 L 0.5 mol/L CH3COONH4溶液的pH＝7，则溶液中CH3COO－与NH4＋的数目均为0.5N AB．10 g 质量分数为46%的乙醇溶液中含有氢原子的数目为0.6 N AC．16g 氨基(－NH2)中含有的电子数为7 N AD．在密闭容器中将2 mol SO2 和1 mol O2混合反应后，体系中的原子数为8 N A6、室温下，某溶液中含有Na+、H+、Fe3+、HCO3－、OH－、I－中的几种，水电离出的c（H+）=1×l0-13 mol/L。
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第二学期高二化学摸底试卷 Word版
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019 学年度第二学期高二化学摸底试卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 O-16 S-32 Na-23 C-12 Ba-137 N-14 Al-27一、选择题1.今年垃圾分类已经立法，有利于资源充分利用，下列处理错误的是（）A.厨房菜蔬与残羹回收处理后作肥料B.旧报纸等废纸回收再生产纸C.电池等电子产品有毒需特殊处理D.塑料袋等白色垃圾掩埋处理2.下列表示甲基的电子式中，正确的是（）B. C. D.A.3.工业上获得大量乙烯的方法是（）A.乙醇脱水B. 石油分馏C. 石油裂化D. 石油裂解4.对于有机的命名正确的是（）A.2—乙基戊烷B. 2—丙基丁烷C. 2—甲基—3—乙基丁烷D. 3—甲基己烷5.大气污染物氟里昂—12 的化学式是CF2Cl2，下面关于氟里昂—12 的说法正确的是（）A.没有固定的熔沸点B. 分子中的碳原子是饱和的C. 属于正四面体的空间结构D. 是甲烷的一种同系物6.下列元素的单质，工业上一般不使用电解法制取的是（）A.钠B. 铝C. 铁D. 氯7.有一种军用烟幕弹中装有ZnO、Al 粉和C2Cl6，其发烟过程中的化学反应如下：①3ZnO+2Al→Al2O3+3Zn ②3Zn+C2Cl6→3ZnCl2+2C下列有关叙述不正确的是（）A.反应①是铝热反应B. 反应②是置换反应C. C2Cl6 属于卤代烃D. 烟幕是小液滴分散在空气中形成的8.下列物质能用化合反应直接制得的是（）①FeCl2 ②Fe(OH)3 ③NaHSO3 ④Fe(OH)2A.②B. ②③C. ①②③D. ①②③④9.下图是一种形状酷似一条小狗的有机物，化学家Tim Rickard 将其取名为“doggycene”，有关doggycene的说法正确的是（）A.该有机物属于苯的同系物B.“doggycene”可以使溴水褪色C.该物质常温下为气态D.1mol 该物质在氧气中完全燃烧生成CO2 和水物质的量之比为2:110.右图是元素周期表的一部分，下列说法中正确的是（）A.元素①位于第二周期ⅣA 族B.气态氢化物的稳定性：④>②C.最高价氧化物对应水化物酸性：⑤>④D.元素的最高正化合价：③=⑤11.某有机物的分子式为C7H15Cl，若它的消去产物共有3 种单烯烃，则该有机物的结构简式可能是（）12.用相对分子质量为43 的烷基取代甲苯上的一个氢原子，所得芳香烃产物的数目为（）A.3 种B. 4 种C. 6 种D. 8 种13.在5mL 0.1mol/LKI 溶液中滴加0.1mol/LFeCl3 溶液5~6 滴后，生成Fe2+和I2，再进行下列实验，其中可证明FeCl3 溶液和KI 溶液的反应是可逆反应的实验是（）A.在滴加AgNO3 溶液，观察是否有AgI 沉淀产生B.加入CCl4 振荡后，观察下层液体颜色C.加入CCl4 振荡后，取上层清液，滴加AgNO3 溶液，观察是否有AgCl 沉淀产生D.加入CCl4 振荡后，取上层清液，滴加KSCN 溶液，观察是否有血红色14.下列说法正确的是（）A.ⅠA 族元素的金属性一定比ⅡA 族元素的金属性强B.失电子能力弱的元素得电子能力不一定强2- -2- 2-- -- + 2+ 2- -煮沸C. 同主族元素单质的熔沸点从上到下逐渐升高D. 第三周期主族元素的离子半径，从左到右逐渐减小 15. 一定能在溶液中大量共存的离子组是（ ）A. 含有大量 Al 3+的溶液：Na +、NH 4+、SO 4 、ClB. c(H +)=1×10-13mol/L 的溶液：Na +、Ca 2+、SO 4 、CO 3 C. 含有大量 Fe 3+的溶液：Na +、Mg 2+、NO 3 、SCN D. 含有大量 NO 3 的溶液：H 、Fe 、SO 4 、Cl 16. β--月桂烯的结构如右图所示，一分子该物质与两分子溴发生加成反应的产物（只考虑位置异构）理论上最多有（ ） A. 4 种B. 6 种C. 8 种D. 9 种17. 在120℃时，将下列各组烃以任意比例混合，与过量 O 2 在一密闭容器中完全反应，测知反应前后的压强没有变化，则该混合烃是（ ） A. CH 4 和C 2H 4 B. CH 4 和 C 2H 6C. C 2H 2 和 C 2H 6D. C 3H 4 和 C 3H 618. 下列实验设计能够成功的是（ ）A. 检验 Na 2O 2 试样是否变质为 Na 2CO 3：向试样中加入盐酸，产生无色无味的气体B. 检验某卤代烃是否是氯代烃：试样 −氢−氧−化钠−溶液−→冷却 −稀−硫−酸至−酸性−→ −硝−酸−银溶−液→ 出现白色沉淀C. 除去溴乙烷中混有的溴：混合液 −饱−和−碳酸−钠溶−液→ −振−荡−→ 溶液分层 −分−液−→ 得下层D. 鉴定盐 A 的成分是 FeBr 2：19. 已知 Mg 2C 3 的结构与 CaC 2 相似，由此可断定 Mg 2C 3 与水反应的产物是（ ）A. Mg(OH)2 和 CH ≡CHB. MgO 和 CH ≡CHC. Mg(OH)2 和 CH 3CH=CH 2D. Mg(OH)2 和 CH 3C ≡CH20. 几种短周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价见下表：元素代号 K L M Q R T N 原子半径/nm 0.183 0.160 0.143 0.102 0.089 0.074 0.152 主要化合价+1+2+3+6+2-2+1下列叙述正确的是（ ）A. K 、L 、M 三元素的金属性逐渐增强B.在RCl2 分子中，各原子均满足8 电子的稳定结构C.Q 元素的最高价氧化物为电解质，其水溶液能够导电D.K 在T 单质中燃烧所形成的化合物中含有非极性共价键和离子键二、综合分析题（一）已知：W、X、Y、Z、T 均为短周期元素，且原子半径依次增大。
【化学】2020-2019学年度上海交通大学附中第一学期高三摸底考试
2020-2019学年度上海交通大学附中第一学期高三摸底考试化学试卷（满分150分，120分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上）相对原子质量：H-1 Li-7 Be-9 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65一、选择题(本题共48分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项)1．据06年4月9日CCTV“每周质量报告”节目报导，染发剂中的对苯二胺会致癌。
下列关于对苯二胺的叙述中，不正确的是（）。
A. 该物质属于芳香族化合物B. 该物质属于烃的衍生物C. 该物质的分子量比苯大32D. 该物质不属于苯的同系物2．以下是人们对原子结构的认识所经历的几个重要历史阶段，其中先后顺序正确的是（）①道尔顿提出的原子论②汤姆孙提出的葡萄干面包原子摸型③德谟克里特的古典原子论④卢瑟福的原子结构行星模型A.①②③④B.③①②④C.③②①④D. ③④②①3．以下说法中，违背科学规律的是（）A. 改变核外电子数可使原子与离子相互转化B. 改变核内中子数可使不同的同位素相互转化C. 改变核内质子数可使不同的元素相互转化D. 改变离子的电荷数可使一种元素的阳离子转化为另一种元素的阴离子4．不能促进水的电离，即不能增大水的电离程度的方法或途径是（）A. 在水中加入一小粒钠B. 在水中溶入纯碱C. 在水中通入SO2气体D. 在水中放入一块红热的铜5．1molCH3COOH分别与1molC2H518OH和1molC2H516OH发生酯化反应，两者生成水的质量（）A.前者大B.后者大C.相等D.不能判断6．将铁和铝的混合粉末溶于足量盐酸中，通入足量氯气，再加入过量的NaOH溶液，最后所得的溶液中大量存在的离子是（）A. Na+、Fe2+、Cl-、AlO2-B. Na+、Fe3+、Cl-、OH-C. Na+、Fe3+、Cl-、AlO2-D. Na+、OH-、Cl-、AlO2-7．设N A为阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述中不正确的是（）A. 在标准状况下，N A个水分子所占的体积约为18mLB. 5.6g铁与足量的硫完全反应，失去电子的数目约为0.2N AC. 1L 0.01mol/L的氯水中含有的分子总数大大超过0.01N AD. 含N A个氧原子的O2与含N A个氧原子的O3的质量之比为2:38．在一定体积的密闭容器中发生下列反应：N2 + 3H22NH3，其中N2的起始浓度为1mol/L。
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第二学期高一化学摸底测试 Word版
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第二学期高一化学摸底测试 Word 版- + +上海交通大学附属中学 2018-2019 学年度第二学期高一化学摸底测试相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Br-80 一、选择题（每小题只有 1 个正确答案）（2*20 分） 1. 下列物质可以实施人工降雨的是（ ）A. AgFB. AgClC. AgBrD. AgI2. 下列各组中两种微粒所含电子数不相等的是（ ） A. H 3O +和OH - B. CO 和 N 2 C. HNO 2 和 NO 2 D. CH 3 和 NH 43. 分类是化学研究的重要方法，下列物质分类错误的是（ ） A. 化合物：干冰、明矾、石碱 B. 同素异形体：石墨、C60、金刚石 C. 非电解质：乙醇、四氯化碳、氯气D. 混合物：漂白粉、纯净矿泉水、碱石灰4. 氢元素与其他元素形成二元化合物称为氢化物，有关氢化物的叙述正确的是（ ）A. HF 的电子式B. H 2S 的空间构型为直线型C. NH 3 的结构式D. CH 4 是含非极性键的非极性分子5. 在“HI(s)→HI(g)→H 2 和 I 2”的变化过程中，被破坏的作用力依次是（ ） A. 范德华力、范德华力 B. 范德华力、共价键 C. 共价键、离子键D. 共价键、共价键6. 能够产生如右图实验现象的液体是（ ） A. CS 2B. CCl 4C. H 2OD. 苯7. 用漂粉精漂白时，对提高漂粉精漂白作用无明显效果的是（ ） A. 食盐B. CO 2 和水蒸气C. NaHSO 4 固体D. 食醋8. 将氯气持续通入紫色石蕊试液中，溶液颜色呈现如下变化：关于溶液中导致变色的微粒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的判断正确的是（ ）A. H +、ClO -、Cl 2B. H +、ClO -、Cl -C. HCl 、ClO -、Cl -D. H +、HClO 、Cl 29. 海带中含有碘元素，有人设计如下步骤来提取碘：①通适量氯气；②将海带烧成灰，向灰中加水搅拌； ③加 CCl 4 振荡；④过滤；⑤用分液漏斗分液。
上海市2018-2019学年交大附中高三化学 上学期期中考试卷
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年度第一学期高三化学期中试卷相对原子质量：Mn-55 H-1 Li-7 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 O-16 Na-23 Cl-35.5 Ca-40 Fe-56 Zn-65 I-127 一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分，每小题只有一个正确选项） 1. 常温下，表面能形成氧化层，且对金属能起到保护作用的是（ ） A. AuB. NaC. AlD. Fe2. 对氮原子核外的未成对电子的描述，正确的是（ ） A. 电子云形状不同 B. 能量不同C. 在同一轨道D. 自旋方向相同3. 常温下，Fe 、Al 在浓硫酸中钝化，浓硫酸表现了（ ） A. 难挥发性B. 强氧化性C. 吸水性D. 脱水性4. 能表现()3Al OH 的弱碱性的是（ ） A. Al 溶于稀24H SO B. Al 溶于NaOH 溶液 C.()3Al OH 受热分解D.3AlCl 溶液和氨水混合5. 右图喷泉实验的现象与下列性质无关的是（ ）A. 氨易溶于水B. 氨能与水反应C. 氨水显碱性D. 氨易液化6. 下列不能说明氯的非金属性强于溴的事实是（ ） A.4HClO 酸性强于4HBrOB. 向溴化亚铁溶液中滴入少量氯水，溶液颜色变黄C. 2BrCl+H O HBrO+HCl →为非氧化还原反应D. HBr 的分解温度低于HCl7. 下列实验现象的描述正确的是（ ）A. 将红热的Fe 丝伸入到盛2Cl 的集气瓶中，产生棕黄色烟B. 向23Na CO 溶液中，逐滴滴加几滴稀盐酸，有气泡产生C. 4FeSO 溶液中加入NaClO 溶液，产生红褐色沉淀D. 电解滴有酚酞的饱和NaCl 溶液，阳极附近出现红色8. 向Na +、Br -、I -的混合溶液中通入适量2Cl ，反应完全后将溶液蒸干并小心灼烧至恒重，得固体的成分不可能为（ ） A. NaCl 、NaBr 、NaI B. NaCl 、NaBr C. NaClD. NaCl 、NaI9. 有机物M ：可用作涂料。
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高三第一学期摸底考试
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高三第一学期摸底考试英语试卷（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）第I卷Ⅰ. VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)1-5 BD A BC ABC D 6-10 B AB CB AC CTeenagers seem more likely to give in to peer influence than adults, but that may not be because teens are less 1 of making rational decisions themselves, studies on peer pressure suggest.Research finds people are strikingly susceptible to influences teenagers, but to what degree varies widely. In a growing body of work, scientists suggest that teens are more 2 to peer pressure than adults because they get greater pleasure from behavior they experience as rewarding. They tend to find being liked by other people very pleasing.Peer influence during adolescence is normal. During that time, people experience an increase in novelty-seeking, 3 by interest in exploring a new environment. This peer influence tends to 4 around age 15 and then decline. Teens get better at setting boundaries with peers by age 18, according to Laurence Steinberg, a psychology professor at Temple University.In years past, people thought teens didn’t have fully 5 frontal lobes (额叶), the part of the brain critical for decision-making and other more complex cognitive tasks. But an increasing amount of research seems to show that teens are able to make decisions as well as adults when they are not overwhelmed 6 with emotions.Peer pressure is often seen as negative, and indeed it can 7 teens into unhealthy behavior like smoking or speeding. But it can also lead to 8 in more useful social behavior. If peers value doing well in school or excelling at sports, for instance, it might encourage kids to study or train harder. And both peer pressure and learning to 9 it are important developmental steps to self-reliance, experts say.Facing the influence of friends represents an important developmental step for teens on their way to becoming independent-thinking adults, scientists say.In order for kids to develop the ability to stand up to peer pressure, parents have to let their children stand up to them, too, according to Dr. Steinberg. “If you’re the kind of parent that raises your children with the ‘do it because I said so’ 10 , you’re raising a child who’s going to be more susceptible to others saying, ‘Do this,’” he says.(B)1-5 CD C A D AC 6-10 ABC BC AB B BDStudents Honor 9/11 Through VolunteeringIn the days after Sept. 11, 2001, thousands poured into Ground Zero to lend their hands in one of the largest recovery efforts(恢复经济) in American history. Now, 12 years later, colleges are finding ways to channel（疏通）the same 1 into service projects in their own communities on September 11th."9/11 is such a(n) __2__ touchstone（试金石）for our country, I think people want to find ways to do something, and students as well," says Kevin Kruger, president of the student affairs group. "The idea of giving something back to the __3__ ties in well to（密切配合）the emotional significance of that."Though no corner of the country was untouched by the terrorist attacks, they especially rocked （晃动）New York University on 9/11. Less than two miles from Ground Zero, students__4__ the plane-on-tower impact from their dorm rooms. The university coordinated（协调）shelters and counseling（提供建议）in the days afterward.Because of this, NYU public affairs director Philip Lentz says the volunteer work the students do this week has a "special relevance（关联）." Students today __5__ at a rescue mission, wrote cards for soldiers and veterans（老兵）and made donations for the families of victims and first responders （现场目击者）on 9/11."NYU feels it has a special __6__ to offer this service opportunity to students that are here so they can give back to the community that was so devastated（毁灭）by the attacks," Lentz says.Similar deeds have been taking place in George Washington University in Washington, D.C. "For the past five years at GW, freshmen have boarded buses immediately after their official welcome __7__ in early September to head for the nation's financial capital and volunteer in __8__ that aid the environment, education, veterans and community organizations," says Amy Cohen, theuniversity's director for civic engagement and public service."We hope that students will learn that community __9__ is part of how we build strong communities and a vibrant __10__ society," Cohen wrote in an e-mail to USA TODAY. "We ask students to reflect on the tragedy of 9/11 and to use this day as a way to show civic engagement and community building."Ⅰ. Reading comprehension.Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Harvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, 1 , is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard，the library is an essential part of everybody's life. Both the quantity and the 2 of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard 3 his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and 4 more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are 5 in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its 6 of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is the first library in the world that is 7 for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What 8 to be mentioned is the system or rather theservice of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries forundergraduates will even be open all night during the 9period. The libraries also provide with students the service of 10 reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are 11 to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for thelibrary is limited, many books are 12 in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the 13 library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of 14 which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) 15 experience.A）1-5 BCADB 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 DCABD1. A. as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all times2. A. influence B. discipline C. quality D. prospect3. A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributed4. A. contains B. composes C. involves D. includes5. A. informative B. different C. secure D. peculiar6. A. collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitions7. A. unusually B. formally C. specially D. especially8. A. remains B. happens C. appears D. deserves9. A. examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation10. A. confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designing11. A. desperate B. willing C. reluctant D. responsible12. A. exhibited B. reserved C. stored D. classified13. A. appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restricted14. A. performance B. service C. activity D. response15. A. fortunate B. creative C. positive D. enjoyable(B)Instead of cruising in on a hoverboard, I rode my bike to the office today. The bicycle was invented in the 19th century. Instead of taking a pill for breakfast, I had a bacon roll, cooked using gas. Science fiction has 1 to us.Making predictions is tricky, especially about the future, as physicist Niels Bohr joked. In science fiction, you can't escape that 2 though. Since its birth in the 19th century, writers have 3 imagined the things to come: devices that humankind will invent to make life easier. But in so many instances, those promises have not come to pass. The biggest 4 are in travel--jet packs, hoverboards and flying cars are yet to fill the skies. Air travel has become significantly cheaper and wide-reaching, but only using distinctly 20th-century technology: commercial aero planes are much the same as they were 50 years ago.5 is what science fiction frequently delivers, but its arrival in the real world has been unpredictable. Domestic robots with a degree of intelligence are yet to6 , though robotic vacuum cleaners are commercially available--even if they are fairly hopeless. Video calls have now arrived--sort of--but conferencing on Skype is still dissatisfying. In mobiles, video call technology is now available, so when your dad rings to update you on his vegetable patch, he'll be able to7 your look of boredom.The truth is that we quickly 8 the astonishment of invention: our wonderment is soon replaced with the feeling of nothing new. We should ty to stay in that period of 9 . It is astonishing that the contents of every book ever written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket. Or that almost all the information in the world can be accessed almost anywhere at any time. All these 10 are dependent on the emergence of the microchip and its place in computers. Yet sci-fi didn’t 11 the dominance of the computer in running our lives.But the real area where 12 far outstrips predictions is medicine. Sure, fiction would describe humans as ‘disease-free’ but without going into detail. “Disease-fee” humans are still absent, but the progress made in 13 life is breathtaking. With relative ease, we can sequence anyone's genome (基因组), giving a read-out of our entire genetic code. This means we can find out the underlying genetic cause of thousands of diseases in minutes.Photosensitive implants now exist that can replace damaged cells in the retina (视网膜) and can thus 14 sight to the blind. While the inventions of science fiction can show great ideas we’d like to happen, nothing 15 the inventiveness of people in the real world.B）1-5 BBDAC 6-10 ACCBD 11-15 ADACD1. A. tuned B. lied C. objected D. talked2. A. opportunity B. challenge C. Imagination D. conflict3. A. hesitantly B. critically C. temporarily D. tirelessly4. A. disappointments B. advancements C. enjoyments D. experiments5. A. Modernization B. Exploration C. Automation D. Transportation6. A. materialize B. identify C. honour D. liberate7. A. imagine B. feel C. see D. ignore8. A. arouse B. discover C. forget D. evaluate9. A. frustration B. amazement C. boredom D. limitation10. A. modes B. worries C. potentials D. actions11. A. predict B. overlook C. motivate D. prevent12. A. quality B. obstacle C. passion D. reality13. A. maintaining B. creating C. researching D. encountering14. A. show B. lend C. restore D. label15. A. guarantees B. overestimates C. releases D. OutperformsSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In his book The Tipping Point Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell explains how a trend can take many forms. It can be a general change in social behaviour, an idea or a fashion. However, why do some trends catch on and others not? What makes one particular brand of training shoe suddenly become the must-have product? How do people find out about trends and what makes people want to buy into them? Is it simply a question of keeping up with other people?In his new work, Gladwell explores the moment when something becomes common and how products, ideas messages and forms of behaviour spread. He looks at the reasons why trends are similar in the way they develop to outbreaks of disease, or medical epidemics.Epidemics, like trends, start in a very small way, maybe from a single person with a virus, then spread very quickly until they take over the population and appear to be everywhere. Eventually, they will slowdown gradually or die out suddenly. Gladwell shows how these changes happen not gradually but at one dramatic moment.Gladwell identifies three types of people who are influential in the development of these kinds of social epidemics.Connectors are people in a community who have wide social circles. They know a lot of people and like to introduce people to catch other. The people they know also tend to come from a variety of social, cultural professional and economic circles.Mavens are people with a lot of knowledge or experts in a particular field. They wish to pass on their knowledge to others. Mavens collect and gather information so are the first to pick up on new trends.Salesmen are people with charisma and powerful negotiation skills. They have a soft influence over people rather than actual power. This means they are influential because people want to imitate them.Overall, Gladwell's book is a thought-provoking read for anyone interested in the origins oftrends. What's more, he writes in a clear style so even the most difficult ideas are easy to understand.71.According to Gladwell, which of the following is a similarity between trends and epidemics?A. Both of them start from nowhereB. Both of them die out in a short timeC. Both of them become popular overnightD. Both of them change he way people think72. What can be concluded from the passage about The Tipping Point?A. It is the writers first book to touch on social phenomenaB. It is intended to introduce the trends that once took overC. It deals with the ideas that most people identify withD. It explores How a trend originates and spreads73. The passage is most likely to beA. an adver sementB. a reviewC. a news reportD. a feature story74. Salesmen work in the development of trends by means ofA people intention to follow themB the way they gather informationD. their influence on the trendsC. their professional knowledge（B）(*Please purchase a ticket before boarding the coach75. On December 25th, 2014, the first coach from, Heathrow Terminal I to Reading departs at____.A.7:15B.7:00C.6:50D.6:3576. If you are to reach Terminal 2 of the Heathrow Airport before 10: 00 a.m., you need to get to Reading Station not later than____.A $. 30am B.8:45am C.9:00a,m. D.9:15a.m77. The information leaflet is produced by____.A. ReadingB. IntercityC. Railair LinkD. Heathrow Airport(C)As students are discussing their favorite colleges, there’s one characteristic they can’t control their race. That’s one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful-of lawsuits, play down their affirmative action efforts these days. But make no mistake race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.In: Texas, public universities have managed to reduce the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the schools minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic(西班牙裔) and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges headmasters from high schools with large minority populations to recommend qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 mainly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1296 students are black. Siler went hearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said: "Tm pleased I got two."Rice has also turned to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant’s race. But a new essay question asks about each student "background" and "cultural traditions". When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences and what they awkwardly call "overcome students", who have triumphed over hardship.Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she was far behind mostaccepted applicants: But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. All the newspapers say affirmative action is done, “says an experienced adviser at a large New York City high school. But nothing has changed. I have a(minority)kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s.78. What does the word outlaw"(in Para. 1)most probably mean?A. supportB. consider D. hateC. ban79. What can we infer from the passage about affirmative action?A. It guarantees students, of different races to be admitted equally.B It discriminates against minority students in college admissions.C. It gives preference to minority students in college admissions.D. It is popular with American colleges but not with the American public80. Why does Rice University send two recruiters to find minority applicants?A. Rice has a large minority populationB: Rice wants to maintain its minority enrollmentC Minority students do not favor Rice very muchD. Minority students have better school performance81. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A: Here Comes Equality at LastB. Yes. Your Race Still MattersC. Well Done. Affirmative ActionD. Minorities Are Still a Minority in Universities(D)Direction: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Sleep in a BoxHaving a newborn can be discouraging and troublesome. What do you need to buy? How will you get the baby to sleep? And how will you pay for everything? Could the answers to these worries lie in a “baby box"?The baby box has taken the world by storm, but what is it? Well, it originated in Finland in thel930s as a kind of basic items for parents-to-be. The box, provided by the government, contains supplies, such as bibs, nappies, and teething toys. It also comes with a small mattress, which is placed in the bottom of the box to create the baby’s first small bed. Now, the idea of putting a child to sleep inbox may shock some. 82_______ the box has been a huge success and is said to be one of the main reasons why the death rate of infants in Finland is so low.A few years ago, stories of the Finnish baby box went relating to viruses. Other countries around the world have since caught onto the idea and adapted it to suit local needs. For example, in South Africa, the box is made of plastic and can be used as a bath rather than a bed. A(83* The version tested in India includes other appropriate supplies, such as a mosquito het to protect babies from malaria(疟疾).In Canada, additions to the baby box include a bed-side assistance booklet “to help fathers connect with their babies, Written in the style of a car-repair manual, the booklet offers first-time dads helpful advice on matters such as how to burp(使打嗝)their child. 84________ I wanted to make that moment available to all parents,” said Morris, a father of a two-month baby boy.85_________ Many believe governments should focus on providing parents with adequate maternity and paternity Leaves(父母产假) and improving health care and education．Good things cone in small packages, though, and for such a simple idea the baby box really does do a lot of things!第II卷Ⅰ.GrammarDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)E-cigarettes, widely prompted as an alternative (1)_____to smoking, are actually attractingyoung people who might not otherwise (2)_____(smoke) tobacco products, a new US study suggested Monday.E-cigarettes (3)_____(think) by some to be responsible for a decline in American youth cigarette smoking, but researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) indicated the reality is the opposite.The USCF researchers concluded that many kids who went on (4)_____(smoke) regular cigarettes may not have used nicotine(尼古丁) at all if e-cigarettes did not exist. "We didn't find any evidence that e-cigarettes are causing youth smoking to decline," said lead author Lauren Dutra of the UCSF.(5)_____ some of the kids using e-cigarettes were also smoking cigarettes, we found that kids who were at low risk of starting nicotine with cigarettes were using e-cigarettes," Dutra said. "Recent declines in youth smoking are likely (6)_____ tobacco control efforts, not to e-cigarettes."The findings, published in U.S. journal Pediatrics, built on a growing body of evidence that adolescents who start with e-cigarettes are (7)_____(likely) to subsequently smoke traditional cigarettes.They found that cigarette smoking among U.S. adolescents declined during that decade, but did not decline faster (8)_____ the advent of e-cigarettes in the U.S. between 2007 and 2009."E-cigarettes are encouraging -- not discouraging -- youth to smoke and to consume nicotine, and (9)_____(expend) the tobacco market," said senior author Stanton Glantz, UCSF professor of medicine and director of the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.In August 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration restricted e-cigarette purchases to adults ages 18 and older. The FDA will also require a warning label on e-cigarettes, starting August 2018, regarding the addictive nature of nicotine. However, the FDA's (10)_____(rule) does not regulate advertising or flavors, and e-cigarettes continue to be sold in flavors that appeal to youth, the UCSF researchers said.(B)There seems never (11)______(be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, (12)______is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies (13)______ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are (14)______ the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, (15)______(step) into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much (16)______ they changed over the centuries but how much they (17)______(remain) the same.The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and (18)______ persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds of toys (19)______(appear). Variations depended on local customs and ways of life (20)______ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.(C)In a shocking turn of events, the Academy Award for Best Picture was mistakenly awarded to "La La Land," (21)______ cast(剧组演员) and crew took the stage and began giving speeches－until a moment later the producers realized actually the award (22)_______(mean) for "Moonlight”.Presenter Warren Beatty explained afterwards that he was handed the wrong envelope, which contained the winner for best actress Emma Stone (23)______(star) in " La la land” After staring at the card for several moments, in (24)______ appeared to be an attempt to build suspense, his co-presenter Faye Dunaway announced that “La La Land" had won best picture.Realizing the mistake, representatives of Price Waterhouse Coopers raced onstage to stop the acceptance speeches from the "La La Land” team, and called the "Moonlight" cast and crew to the stage. Barry Jenkins’ "Moonlight" had actually won best picture in a historic Oscar upset."La La land" came in with 14 nominations, a record that tied (25)_____with “Titanic” and “All About Eve”. Barry Jenkins tender, coming-of-age drama, made for just $1.5 million, is an unusually small Oscar winner. "Even in my wildest dreams this cannot be true, " said the astonished Jenkins once he reached the stage.Host Jimmy Kimmel had come forward(26)______(inform) the cast that "Moonlight" had indeed won, showing the inside of the envelope(27)_______ proof. And Producer Jordan Horwitz then graciously passed his statue to the "Moonlight" producers.Barry Jenkins, the writer-director of "Moonlight" and Tare Alvin McCraney, whose play it was based on, won for(28)_______(adapt) screenplay. “For all you people out there (29)_______feel like there isn’t a mirror out there for you, the academy has your back, the ACLU has your back and for the next four years we will not leave you alone, we will not forget you, " said Jenkins.Backstage, Oscar winner Emma Stone said, "I think everyone’s in a state of confusion still. Later the actress, who pledged her deep love of "Moonlight" added, "Is that(30)______(crazy)Oscar moment of all time? Cool!Ⅰ.Translation1．你是否具备了成为一名演员的必要素质？(take)2．不可否认的是均衡的饮食是保持健康的关键之一。
2018-2019 学年上海交通大学附属中学第一学期 高一化学摸底考试卷(解析版)
.2018-2019 学年上海交通大学附属中学第一学期高一化学摸底考试卷相对质量:H斗，C-12 ，N-14 ，0 -16，Na-23 ，S-32，Cl-35.5，K-39，Ca-40一、选择题(只有一个正确答案)1.下列资源的利用过程中发生了化学变化的是A . 铁矿炼铁B. 干冰制冷 C . 海水晒盐 D. 风能发电【答案】A【解析】略2. 氨气密度比空气小，极易溶于水，以下收集氨气的方法正确的是【答案】B【解析】氨气在常温下是一种极易溶与水的气体，所以不能用排水法收集，它的密度比空气小可以用向下排空气法收集．3. 下列实验操作、现象与结论对应关系不正确的是【答案】A【解析】A、醋酸和氢氧化钠溶液反应生成醋酸钠和水，反应无明显现象，但二者之间发生了反应，故A错误；B、活性炭具有吸附性，能吸附色素和异味，所以向红墨水中加入活性炭，过滤，看到的现象是红墨水变为无色，从而证明活性炭具有吸附性，故B正确；C、黄铜是铜的合金，合金的硬度大，所以用黄铜片在铜上刻划，铜片上有划痕，故C正确；D 、电解水实验中可观察到电极上有气泡产生，这是因为电解水生成氢气和氧气，故D 正确．由于本题选择不正确的，故选：A ．4. KCl 与 KN03 在不同温度的溶解度数据如右表。
则下列说法正确的是A. KN03 比KCl 的溶解度大B. 两物质的溶解度相等的温度在 20-30℃间C. 在 200C 时， 10g 水中加入 5gKCl 可得到 33.3% 的 KCl 溶液D. 在 50℃时，两物质各 5g 分别加入 10g 水中，充分溶解，均有固体剩余 【答案】B【解析】A 、没有指明温度无法比较溶解度的大小，故A 错误；B 、分析图表，KNO3和NaCl 的溶解度曲线在20℃～30℃温度范围内有相同的时候，所以两种物质的溶解度曲线在此范围内相交，故B 正确；C 、20℃时KCl 的溶解度是33g ，相当于100g 溶液最多溶解氯化钾33g ；10g 水中加入5gKCl ，溶解3gKCl ，溶液中溶质的质量分数为3g ，3g+10g ×100%=23%，故C 错误；D 、50℃时KCl 溶解度是41g ，相当于100g 溶液最多溶解氯化钾41g ，10g 水中最多溶解氯化钾4.1g ，有固体剩余；50℃时硝酸钾溶解度是88g ，相当于100g 溶液最多溶解硝酸钾88g ，10g 水中最多溶解硝酸钾8.8g ，无固体剩余，故D 错误．故选：B ．5. 取四朵用石蕊熔液染成的紫色干燥纸花进行以下实验，下列分析错误的是 A. ①说明酸溶液可以使石恋变红B. ①④对比说明④中产生了与盐酸性质相似的物质C. ②④对比说明水在石蕊变色过程中不发挥任何作用D. ②③④对比说明二氧化碳能和水反应【答案】A【解析】：A、喷洒稀盐酸纸花变红说明了酸溶液可以使石蕊变红，故A说法正确B、纸花喷水后放入CO2中，纸花变红说明了纸花喷水后生成了与盐酸性质相似的物质，故B说法正确；C、喷洒水纸花不变色、喷水后放入CO2中纸花变红不能说明水在石蕊变色过程中不发挥任何作用，故C说法错误；D、喷洒水纸花不变色、放入干燥二氧化碳中纸花不变色、喷水后放CO2中纸花变红说了二氧化碳能和水反应，故D说法正确．故选C．6. 向不饱和的 KN03熔液中，逐渐加 KN03晶体，下列图象中符合溶被中溶质质量变化规律的是【答案】C【解析】A、不饱和KNO3溶液中含有一定量的溶质硝酸钾，所以加入硝酸钾之前，不饱和的硝酸钾溶质的质量不为0，故选项错误；B、向一定量不饱和KNO3溶液中逐渐加入KNO3固体时，硝酸钾能够继续溶解，直到达到饱和状态．故选项错误；C、向一定量不饱和KNO3溶液中逐渐加入KNO3固体时，硝酸钾能够继续溶解，达到饱和状态时不再溶解．故选项正确；D、在一定温度下，在一定量的溶剂里，KNO3不能无限溶解．故选项错误．故选C．7.类推是常用的思维方法，以下类推成立的是A . 单质由同种元素组成，所以由同种元素组成的物质一定是单质B. 分子可以构成物质，所以物质一定由分子构成C. 燃烧有发光、发热，所以发光、发热变化一定是化学变化D. 常温下，酸溶液的 pH 小于 7，所以醋酸溶液的pH 一定小于 7【答案】D【解析】A、由同种元素组成的纯净物是单质，故A错；B、构成物质的基本微粒有分子、原子、离子，故B错；C、灯泡发光放热，属于物理变化，故C错；D、醋酸溶液属于酸，因为常温下，酸溶液的pH小于7，所以醋酸溶液的pH一定小于7，故D正确．8. 将一定量的乙醇 (C2H5OH）和氧气置于一个封闭的容器中引燃，测得反应前后各物质的质量如下表：下列判断正确的是A. 无论如何改变氧气的起始量，均有 X 生成B. X 一定是该反应的催化剂C. X 可能含有氢元素D. 表中 a 的值为 5.6【答案】C【解析】略9. 在隔绝空气情况下，用木炭还原氧化铜.下列叙述正确的是A. 反应前后固体的质量不变B. 反应后固体减轻的质量等于氧化铜中氧元素的质量C. 反应前后固体中铜元素的质量保持不变D. 反应中消耗的氧化铜与木炭的物质的量一定相等【答案】C【解析】利用质量守恒定律解答10. 下列四个图像能正确反映其对应实验操作的是A :①高温般烧一定质量的石灰石B ②用等质量、等浓度的双氧水分别制取氧气C. ③向一定体积的稀盐酸中逐滴加入氢氧化钠溶液D ④某温度下，向一定量饱和硝酸钾溶液中加入硝酸钾固体【答案】C【解析】A、石灰石开始具有一定的质量，高温煅烧后，会分解放出二氧化碳和氧化钙，二氧化碳逸到空气中，使固体质量减少，石灰石分解完后，固体质量不再减少，图象应该从纵轴的某个部位开始逐渐的减少，然后转成水平，故A 错误B、催化剂只会改变反应的速率，不会改变氧气量的多少，加催化剂和不加催化剂放出的氧气量相同，只是反应时间的不同，水平线应该重合，故B错误C、锌的活动性比铁强，锌与稀硫酸反应比铁剧烈；等质量两金属完全反应后，根据反应的化学方程式可知，铁产生氢气质量大于锌；故C正确D、温度一定，饱和溶液中的溶质质量分数就不变，所以图象应该是从y轴的某点开始的一条水平线，故D错误11.右图是 R 原子结构示意图和磷元素的相关信息，下列说法错误的是A，X=8B，磷元素的相对原子质量为15C，两种元素可以形成化学式为P2R 5D，磷可以在R的单质中剧烈燃烧【答案】B【解析】A、X=2+6=8，是氧元素，故A正确；B、磷元素的相对原子质量是30.97，故B错误；C、R原子的最外层电子数是6，在化学反应中易得到两个电子，表现出的化合价是-2，磷元素的化合价是+5，故能形成的化合物的化学式是P2O5，故C正确；D、R是氧元素，形成的单质是氧气，磷能在氧气中燃烧，故D正确．12.参阅下列有关元素E两种同位素的资料同位素同位素的相对原子质量丰度103E 103 20%105E 105 80%元素E的相对平均原子量的是A.103.4B. 103.6 C 104.0 D 104.6 【答案】D【解析】略13. 氯元素的天然同位素有3517Cl 和3717Cl，氯元素的相对原子质量为 35.5.则天然氯元素中，3517Cl 和3717Cl 的原子数目之比约为A. 3 : 1B. 1 : 3C. 3: 2D. 4: 1 【答案】A【解析】氯元素的相对原子质量35.5是质量数分别为3537的核素的平均值，可以采用十字交叉法计算其原子个数比；，3717Cl和3517Cl的原子个数之比为0.5：1.5=1：314. X 元素组成三种气态单质都是双原子分子它们的相对分子质量分别是 32、34、36现有这三种单质的混合气体，分子数之比为 15 :4: 1，下列说法正确的是A. 若该容器中的 X2全部转化成同素异形体元，则 X3的分子有 21 种B. 质量数为 16 的同位素的丰度为 85%C. 该元素的相对原子质量为 17D. 该元素所含三种同位素的原子数之比为 15:4 : 1 【答案】B【解析】略15. 一个12C 原子的质量为 a kg，一个12C I602分子的质量为 bkg ，若以12C I602中的一个氧原子质量的 1/16 作为相对原子质量标准，则12C I602的相对分子质量为【答案】A【解析】由题意可知：12CO2分子中的1个氧原子质量为：(b-a)/2 kg根据相对原子质量的求法可知12CO2的相对分子质量= bkg/ (b-a)/2 kg× 1/16 = 32b /b-a ；16. X、Y、Z和R分别代表四种元素，如果a X m+、b Y n+、c Z n- d R m- 四种离子的电子层结构相同，则下列关系式正确的是A . a-c=m-n B. a-b=n-m C. c+d=m+n D. b-d=n+m【答案】D【解析】四种离子的电子层结构相同即离子核外电子总数相同，所以正确选项为D；17. 己知某种元素的一种原子的核内质子数是m ，中子数是n ，下列说法正确的是A . 该元素的相对原子质量是m+nB. 该元素的质量数是m+nC. m+n均可写在元素符号的左下角D. 若C-12 的质量是wg ，则该原子的质量是(m+n)w/ 12 g【答案】D【解析】考查相对原子质量概念辨析。
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第二学期摸底考试
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第二学期高一化学摸底测试相对原子质量H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Br-80一、选择题1.下列物质可用于人工降雨的是 ( )A．AgF B．AgCl C．AgBr D．AgI2.下列各组中两种微粒所含电子数不相等的是（）A．H3O＋和OH－B．CO和N2C．HNO2和NO2－D．CH3＋和NH4＋3.分类是化学研究的重要方法，下列物质分类错误的是（）A. 化合物：干冰、明矾、烧碱B. 同素异形体：石墨、C60、金刚石C. 非电解质：乙醇、四氯化碳、氯气D. 混合物：漂白粉、纯净矿泉水、碱石灰4．氢元素与其他元素形成的二元化合物称为氢化物，下面关于氢化物的叙述正确的是（）A．HCl的电子式为：B．H2S 空间构形为直线形C．NH3结构式:D．CH4是含有非极性键的非极性分子5. 在“HI(s)→HI(g)→H2和I2”的变化过程中，被破坏的作用力依次是（）A．范德华力、范德华力B．范德华力、共价键C．共价键、离子键D．共价键、共价键6. 能够产生如右图实验现象的液体是（）A．CS2B．CCl4C．H2O D．苯7. 用漂粉精漂白时，对提高漂粉精漂白作用无明显效果的是（）A.食盐B.CO2和水蒸气C.硫酸氢钠D.食醋8．将氯气持续通入紫色石蕊试液中，溶液颜色呈现如下变化：紫色红色关于溶液中导致变色的微粒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的判断正确的是（）A. H+、ClO-、Cl2B. H+、ClO-、Cl-CHCl、ClO-、Cl- D.H+、HClO-、Cl2 9．海带中含碘元素，有人设计如下步骤来提取碘：①通足量氯气②将海带烧成灰，向灰中加水搅拌③加入CCl4振荡④过滤⑤用分液漏斗分液合理的操作顺序为( )A．②④①③⑤B．②①③④⑤C．①③⑤②④D．③①②⑤④10.下列有关HCl和HBr的叙述错误的是（）A. 键能：HBr>HClB. 键长：HBr>HClC. 沸点：HBr>HClD. 共用电子对偏向：HCl>HBr11．将盛有NH4HCO3粉末的小烧杯放入盛有少量醋酸的大烧杯中。
上海市杨浦区2019届高三上学期等级考模拟(期末)化学试题(WORD版)
杨浦区2018-2019学年度第一学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级化学学科试卷相对原子质量：H —1 C —12 N —14 O —16 S —32 Ca —40 一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分）1. 下列分子中的所有原子均在同一平面内的是（ ）A. 甲烷B. 乙烯C. 乙酸D. 甲苯2. 原子晶体具有的性质是（ ）A. 熔点高B. 易导热C. 能导电D. 有延展性3. 有关合金的说法正确的是（ ） A. 生铁比纯铁熔点高 B. 钢比纯铁硬C. 合金不具有导热性D. 合金都不含非金属元素4. 实验室收集下列气体的方法肯定与NO 2相同的是（ ）A. NH 3B. O 2C. HClD. CH 2=CH 25. 在“2HI(s)HI(g)H →→和I 2”的变化过程中，被破坏的作用力依次是（ ） A. 范德华力、范德华力 B. 范德华力、共价键C. 共价键、离子键D. 共价键、共价键6. 下列反应可用：2H OH H O +-+→表示的是（ ）A. ()32HNO Ba OH +B. ()3HCl Fe OH +C. 3NaHCO NaOH +D. 32HF NH H O +⋅7. 同温同压下，80mL A 2气体和240mL B 2气体恰好完全反应，生成160mL X 气体，X 的分子式是（ ）A. AB 2B. A 2BC. AB 3D. A 3B8. 通入SO 2能引起下列溶液的颜色变化，其中SO 2的作用和SO 2使溴水褪色相同的是（ ） A. 品红褪色B. NaOH 酚酞溶液褪色C. 石蕊试液变红D. 酸性KMnO 4溶液褪色9. 向漂粉精的水溶液中加入或通入少量下列物质，不能增强其漂白能力的是（ ）A. 稀盐酸B. CaCl 2粉末C. NaHCO 3固体D. CO 2气体10. 微信热传的“苯宝宝表情包”可看作是由苯衍生的物质配以相应文字形成的（如下图），苯不属于（ ） A. 环烃 B. 芳香烃 C. 不饱和烃D. 烃的衍生物11. 已知单位体积的稀溶液中，非挥发性溶质的分子或离子数越多，该溶液的沸点就越高。
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上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年度第一学期高三化学摸底试卷相对原子质量：H-1 N-14 O-16 F-19 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Mn-55Fe-56 Cu-64 Ag-108一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）1.“一带一路（OneBelt AndOneRoad）”构建人类命运共同体，符合国际社会的根本利益，彰显人类社会的共同理想和美好追求。
下列贸易的商品中，其主要成分属于无机物的是A. 中国丝绸B. 埃及长绒棉C. 乌克兰葵花籽油D. 捷克水晶2. 能够产生如右图实验现象的液体是A. CS2B. CCl4C. H2OD. 苯3. 下列化学用语的表述正确的是A. 乙烯的最简式C2H4B. 四氯化碳的电子式C. 二氧化硅的分子式SiO2D. 离子结构示意图：可以表示16O2-，也可以表示18O2-4. 设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列说法正确的是A. 1.6g由氧气和臭氧组成的混合物中含有氧原子的数目为0.1N AB. 0.1mol丙烯酸中含有双键的数目为0.1N AC. 标准状况下，11.2L苯中含有分子的数目为0.5N AD. 在过氧化钠与水的反应中，每生成0.1mol氧气，转移电子的数目为0.4N A5. 下列各组物质的熔点均与所含化学键的键能有关的是A. CaO与CO2B. NaCl与HClC. SiC与SiO2D. Cl2与I26. BeCl2熔点较低，易升华，溶于醇和醚，其化学性质与AlCl3相似。
由此可推测BeCl2A. 熔融不导电B. 水溶液呈中性C. 熔点比BeBr2高D. 不与NaOH溶液反应7. 下列变化过程中，体系温度下降的是A. 硫酸溶于氢氧化钠溶液B. 铝热反应C. 液溴和苯在铁粉存在下制溴苯D. 硝酸铵溶于水8. 下列不能说明氯的非金属性强于溴的事实是A. HClO4酸性强于HBrO4B. 向溴化亚铁溶液中滴入少量氯水，溶液颜色变黄C. BrCl+H2O→HBrO+HCl是非氧化还原反应D. HBr的分解温度低于HCl9. 除去下列物质中混有的少量杂质（括号内的物质），选用的试剂和方法都正确的是被提纯的物质（杂质）选用的试剂选用的方法A.乙烷（乙烯）酸性高锰酸钾溶液洗气B.乙酸乙酯（乙酸）饱和碳酸钠溶液过滤C.乙醇（水）新制的生石灰蒸馏D.苯（己烯）溴水过滤10. 有关右图电化学装置的叙述中，正确的是A. 若X为碳棒，Y为饱和食盐水，K置于N，则铁极上析出氢气B. 若X为铂棒，Y为CuCl2溶液，K置于N，则铁棒质量将增加C. 若X为锌棒，Y为海水，K置于M，形成对铁的外加电流阴极保护D. 若X为铜棒，Y为稀硫酸，K置于M，则正极反应为：Fe-2e→Fe2+11. 100℃时向pH=6的蒸馏水中加入NaHSO4晶体，保持温度不变，测得溶液的pH=2，下列叙述错误的是A. 此时水的离子积K w=1.0×10-12B. 水电离出的[H+]=1.0×10-10mol/LC. 水的电离度随温度升高而升高D. [H3O+]<[SO42-]12. 下列物质的制备方法正确的是A. 实验室用1体积酒精和3体积浓度为3mol/L的硫酸制乙烯B. 将溴乙烷与氢氧化钠溶液共热制取乙烯C. 2mL10%的NaOH溶液中滴加2%的CuSO4溶液5滴得新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液D. 用电解熔融氯化铝的方法制得单质铝13. 陶瓷堪称是中国的国粹，对BN陶瓷叙述正确的是A. BN化合物中各原子均满足八电子结构B. B3+和N3-具有相同的核外电子排布C. 若BN是空间网状结构，则其硬度可能与金刚石相似D. B3+的离子半径大于H-的半径14. 向等物质的量浓度NaOH和Na2CO3的混合溶液中加入稀硫酸，下列离子方程式与事实不相符的是A. OH -+CO 32-+2H +→HCO 3-+H 2OB. 2OH -+CO 32-+4H +→CO 2↑+3H 2OC. 2OH -+CO 32-+3H +→HCO 3-+2H 2OD. OH -+CO 32-+3H +→CO 2↑+2H 2O15. 常温下用pH=3的某酸溶液与pH=11的氢氧化钠溶液等体积混合，关于所得溶液酸碱性的描述正确的是 A. 不可能显碱性 B. 不可能显中性C. 不可能显酸性D. 可能中性、碱性、酸性16. 已知反应A(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g)的平衡常数K 值与温度的关系如下表所示。
830℃时，向一个2L 的密闭容器中充入0.20molA 和0.20molB ，10s 达平衡，测得D 的浓度为0.05mol/L 。
下列说法错误的是 A. 该反应为吸热反应，升高温度，平衡朝正反应方向移动B. 增大压强，正、逆反应速率均加快C. 反应初始至平衡，A 的平均反应速率v(A)=0.05mol/(L∙s)D. 达平衡时，B 的转化率为50%17. 实验是研究化学的基础，下图中所示的制备实验方法、装置或操作均正确的是A. 可用装置甲制取氯气B. 可用装置乙制取氨气C. 可用装置丙制取并检验乙炔D. 可用装置丁制得金属锰18. 测得某pH=2的溶液中有关数据如下：则该溶液中还可能大量存在的一种离子是A. Fe 2+B. Al 3+C. Cl -D. CO32-19. 25℃时，在10mL 浓度均为0.1mol/LNaOH 和NH 3∙H 2O 混合溶液中，滴加0.1mol/L 的盐酸，下列有关溶液中粒子浓度关系正确的是 A. 未加盐酸时：c(OH -)>c(Na +)=c(NH 3∙H 2O) B. 加入10mL 盐酸时：c(NH 4+)+c(H +)=c(OH -) C. 加入盐酸至溶液pH=7时：c(Cl -)=c(Na +)D. 加入20mL 盐酸时：c(Cl -)=c(NH 4+)+c(Na +)20. 称取(NH 4)2SO 4和NH 4HSO 4混合物样品7.24g ，加入含0.1molNaOH 的溶液，完全反应，生成NH 3 1792mL（标准状况），则(NH4)2SO4和NH4HSO4的物质的量比为A. 1:1B. 1:2C. 1.87:1D. 3.65:1二、不锈钢是由铁、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、碳、硅及众多不同元素组成的合金。
21. 写出碳原子最外层电子的轨道表示式_________，该化学用语不能表达出碳原子最外层电子的（填序号）___________。
a. 电子层b. 电子亚层c. 所有电子云的伸展方向d. 自旋状态22. 硅烷（SiH4）可用于制备高纯硅。
已知硅烷的分解温度远低于甲烷，请从原子结构角度解释硅元素与碳元素非金属性强弱的原因_________________________________________________________。
23. 下面是工业上冶炼Cr时会涉及到的反应：CrO42-+S+H2O→Cr(OH)3↓+S2O32-+__________（1）请将方程式补充完整并配平。
（2）上述反应中，若转移了3mol电子，得到的还原产物是______mol。
（3）Cr(OH)3和Al(OH)3类似，也是两性氢氧化物，写出Cr(OH)3的电离方程式___________________。
24. 铁和镍(Ni)位于周期表的同一周期同一族，请写出铁和镍在周期表中的位置_________________。
25. 镍粉在CO中低温加热，生成无色挥发性液态Ni(CO)4，呈四面体构型。
Ni(CO)4是_______晶体，Ni(CO)4易溶于下列（填序号）__________。
a. 水b. 四氯化碳c. 苯d. 硫酸镍溶液三、Na2S又称臭碱、硫化碱，是应用广泛的化工原料，也常用于吸收工业废气中的SO2。
26. 用离子方程式说明Na2S又称臭碱、硫化碱的原因____________________________。
27. 向AgCl悬浊液中滴加Na2S溶液，生成黑色沉淀，写出反应的离子方程式____________________。
结合你所学习过的其它离子反应分析，离子互换反应进行的方向是________________________。
向Na2S溶液中不断通入SO2，直至不再能吸收。
其间看到溶液变浑浊，停止反应后溶液中含硫微粒为：S2O32-、HSO3-、H2SO3、HS-。
28. 反应过程中，溶液的pH逐渐_______（填“变大”、“变小”），生成的沉淀是___________。
29. 写出反应后溶液中电荷守恒的表示式______________________________。
四、工业产生的废气CO x、NO x、SO x对环境有害，若能合理的利用吸收，可以减少污染，变废为宝。
30. 光气（COCl2）是一种重要的化工原料，用于农药、医药、聚酯类材料的生产，工业上通过Cl2(g)+CO(g)COCl2(g)制备。
图1为此反应的反应速率随温度变化的曲线，图2为某次模拟实验研究过程中容器内各物质的浓度随时间变化的曲线。
回答下列问题：℃0～6min 内，反应的平均速率v(Cl 2)=____________；℃10min 改变的条件是________，该反应平衡常数变化的趋势是____________（填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”）。
31. 利用氨水可以将SO 2和NO 2吸收，原理如图3所示：NO 2被吸收的离子方程式为___________________。
32. CO 2在自然界循环时可与CaCO 3反应，CaCO 3难溶于水，可溶于盐酸，请用平衡移动原理解释CaCO 3可溶于盐酸的原因___________________。
五、有机物W 用作调香剂、高分子材料合成的中间体等，制备W 的一种合成路线如下。
已知：请回答下列问题：33. F 的化学名称是__________，℃的反应类型是__________________。
34. D 中含有的官能团是_______（写名称），D 聚合生成高分子化合物的结构简式为________。
35. 反应℃的化学方程式是_____________________________。
反应℃的化学方程式是_______________________________。
36. 芳香化合物N 是D 的同分异构体，要求N 能与银氨溶液反应，且能与金属钠反应，一共有4种氢原子，写出符合要求的一种同分异构体的结构简式为________________。
37. 参照有机物W 的上述合成路线，设计以M 为起始原料制备F 的合成路线（无机试剂任选）。
[示例：CH 3CH 2OH 170−−−→浓硫酸℃CH 2=CH 224Br /CCl−−−−→BrCH 2CH 2Br]参考答案一、选择题二、21. ；c22. C和Si最外层电子数相同，C原子电子层数少于Si，因此C原子半径小于Si23. 4；6；7；4；3；2OH-24. 第四周期第VIII族25. 分子晶体；b、c三、26. S2-+H2O OH-+HS-、HS-+H2O OH-+H2S27. AgCl+S2-→Ag2S+2Cl-；某些离子浓度减小的方向28. 变小；S29. c(Na+)+c(H+)=2c(S2O32-)+c(HSO3-)+c(HS-)+c(OH-)四、30.℃0.15mol∙L-1∙min-1℃升高温度；减小31. 2NO2+4HSO3-→N2+4SO42-+4H+32. 在溶液中存在CaCO3的溶解平衡：CaCO3Ca2++CO32-，加入HCl后，H+与CO32-结合生成H2O和CO2，导致CO32-减少，平衡右移，促进CaCO3的溶解。