跨文化交际实用教程 unit 8
跨文化交际实用教程 unit 8
Humor
Failure to understand humor is a common occurrence.
“You are also human” A compliment in America, but cause embarrassment in China.
Chapter 1: Humor as a Pathway to Intercultural Communication Competence
Elements that may hinder our understanding of English humor
Vocabulary “Quid” is the modern word for what was once called a "shilling”. friends are called “tossers”. If you are fond of someone, you should tell him he is a “great tosser” -- he will be touched.
Humor goes beyond language. Learning how to explain humor and how to ask questions about humor is important for intercultural communication. A two-stage process is involved in sharing humor between native and non-native speakers.
1.Abandon the old conversational rule：
跨文化交际(UNIT 8)英文 PPT
Review of Unit 7
1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is the dominating time system in our culture?
2. What is the right way of dealing with issues of space and privacy in an intercultural environment?
➢ It occurs when our nation is seen as the of the world.
➢ In other words, it refers to our tendency to identify with our ingroup and to evaluate outgroups and their members according to its standard.
Idioms which are culturally loaded include:
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
➢ Ethnocentrism often is expressed in the way people draw their maps. People tend to draw maps of the world with their own country at the center and with other parts of the world depicted as peripheral.
跨文化交际UNIT 8
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
? Many idioms concerning other nations suggest that the British's used to hold others in derision and contempt. But all those related to the British themselves indicate that the British used to view themselves in positive ways.
Intercultural Communication Unit 8
Cross-Cultural Perception
Warm Up
Please read the story on page 264 and fill in the blanks. What do you think of the story?
French Leave and Dutch
Courage (p265-267)
? Do you know some terms and expressions in English that are formed with names of other nationalities?
For instance, idioms which are culturally neutral include: Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit.
跨文化交际Unit 8(大二英语)
I. What is Culture?
Culture is everything. Culture is opera, art, and ballet. Culture may be defined as what a society does and thinks. What really binds men together is their culture. A culture is a collections of beliefs, habits, living patterns and behaviors which are held more or less in common by people who occupy particular geographic areas.
Greek Culture
Egyptian Culture
Babylon Culture
Chinese Culture
From Anthropological Perspective
Culture is “the customs, civilizations, and achievements of a particular time or people”. This is an anthropologist’s definition.
II. Three Ingredients of Culture
Beliefs & value systems
Material objects
Behavior patterns
Culture
Case Study???
It was my first visit to Chongqing. I felt uneasy when I asked the way to some place. In my hometown in the North, directions are given in terms of East, West, North and South. We may easily find the way when local people there tell you whether the place is in the direction of North or South; while in Chongqing the local people tell you the way in terms of direction on the right, or on the left, to which we Northerners are quite unfamiliar.
跨文化交际中英文化对比教学课件Unit 8 Traffic and transport
Text study: Passage 1 Transport in China (P. 197)
The first metro system in China began operation in Beijing in 1971 and the Tianjin Metro followed in 1984. The rapid growth of China’s economy since the late 1980s has created a surge ([sɜːdʒ] 激增) in
Section A Traffic and Transport in China
New Words & Expressions in Passage 1
expansion [ɪk'spænʃn] n. 膨胀；扩展；扩充 comprehensive [ˌkɑːmprɪ'hensɪv] adj. 全面的；广泛的；综合的；理解的 civil ['sɪvl] adj. 公民的；文明的；国内的；民用的；民事的 aviation [ˌeɪvi'eɪʃn] n. 航空；飞机制造业civil aviation民用航空 express [ɪk'spres] n. 快车；快递；专使adj. 明确的；急速的；直接的vt. 表达；表示； 挤压出；快递express highways高速公路 expressway 高速公路 electrified [ɪ'lektrɪfaɪd] adj. 电气化的 metro ['metroʊ] n. 地铁 rapid ['ræpɪd] adj. 短时间发生的；急速的；迅速的；快的；险峻的 exceed [ɪk'siːd] v. 超过；超出 project ['prɑːdʒekt] n. 计划；工程；项目；课题v. 计划；预计；设计；放映；投射 subway ['sʌbweɪ] n. 地铁；地下通道 surge [sɜː(r)dʒ] v.浪涌；激增；汹涌；涌动n. 激增；突发；大量；一大批 urban ['ɜː(r)bən]adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的；都市音乐的 prompt [prɑːmpt] adj. 迅速的；敏捷的；立刻的vt. 激起；促进；推动；提示 in operation在运转；生效；在运行 construction [kən'strʌkʃn] n. 施工；建筑；建立；建造under construction在建设中；施工中
跨文化交际(UNIT-8)
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
Intercultural Communication Unit 8
Cross-Cultural Perception
Warm Up
Please read the store blanks. What do you think of the story?
Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit.
Review of Unit 7
1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is the dominating time system in our culture?
2. What is the right way of dealing with issues of space and privacy in an intercultural environment?
French Leave and Dutch Courage (p265-267)
➢ Do you know some terms and expressions in English that are formed with names of other nationalities?
跨文化交际(UNIT-8)PPT课件
insured!”
➢ Of course, what the story tells us about people of those
different nations can only be partially true at best and we
must be aware of such overgeneralization and
“I told the Englishman it was the 1 sporting thing to do,
and he jumped. I told the Frenchman it was 2 chic; the
German that it was a 3 command; the Italian that it was
➢ Many idioms concerning other nations suggest that the British’s used to hold others in derision and contempt. But all those related to the British themselves indicate that the British used to view themselves in positive ways.
Belgian hare, Dutch barn, French letter, German measles, Greek gifts and Swedish drill.
Among the English idioms mentioned in Reading I, some are emotionally “neutral” in that they only deal with “flora and fauna and products” that are not native to England. However, some other idioms may carry the British cultural values and attitudes to other nations.
跨文化交际实用教程(全套课件266P)
2012-2-16
6
The western way of showing concern is generally different from the Chinese way.
In China:
Xiao Li (an interpreter): You must be very tired. You’rห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ old…
2012-2-16
4
Comment
What the interpreter said is quite courteous in China. It means, ―If you are tired, we can take a little rest, since you are getting on in years.‖
This
case clearly shows that translation is an intercultural communication, which requires the translator/ interpreter to possess both English cultural knowledge and language competence.
1. 17 speak Chinese
2. 9 speak English
3. 8 speak Dard
The interpreter gave the impression that he thought the elderly lady would collapse any minute if she doesn’t rest immediately.
2012-2-16
跨文化交际课件Unit Eight
教学内容
• 1. Men and Animals
•
In the textbook, we have learned that animals might have astonishing ways of showing their emotions and feelings. The way different kinds of animals behave, have fascinated great minds since Plato and Aristotle. More…
• 3. Man’s development • 4. Globalization • 1) Globalization notion romantic, not
realistic . • 2) Globally you win some, you lose some . • 3) Go global for people, not powers . Going global is great, but an entirely different tone was heard: Globalization is a menace to mankind. Globalization will make the powers more powerful but the weak weaker and the poor poorer. More…
2. Understanding of the three extensions of man
• One point that is beyond doubt is that our ancestors
were extremely handicapped --- in comparison with us now --- in communication. From the Staone Age, to the present day, over 2,000,000 years, man has done his best to extend himself in order to improve his way of communication. Writing, printing technology, postal services, telegraph, telephone, radio, picture communication, television, computer and laser technology, internet --- these have extended man’s mouth, eyes, ears, hands, legs, in short the whole body beyond a house, a village, a county, a province, a country, an ocean, a continent, and even beyond the mother earth to the moon and the Mars
跨文化交际(UNIT 8)Cross-Cultural Perception 英文 PPT
“And how did you get the American to jump?”
“No problem,” said the captain, “I told him he was 6 insured!”
➢ Of course, what the story tells us about people of those different nations can only be partially true at best and we must be aware of such overgeneralization and oversimplification in our perception of people of other cultures.
Danish pastry, Flemish bond, Irish stew, Italic handwriting, Portuguese man-or-war, Russian roulette, Spanish fly, Scotch pine, Swiss roll, Turkish delight and Welsh rarebit.
French Leave and Dutch
Courage (p265-267)
大学跨文化英语 综合教程I Unit 8 Different Languages课文翻译
Different Languages, Different WorldsRichard Lewis1 A very basic concept can be seen in a completely diff erent way by two people of diverse origins. My example involves an Englishman and a Zulu.While the cultural gap is clear, it is the linguistic factor that dominates this instance.2 As you may know, Zulu tongues have 39 words for “green,” while English has only one. (If we wish to modify the shade, we have to bring in another word, for example, bottle green, leaf green). I was interested in how the Zulus could build up 39 one-word concepts for green, and discussed this at length with a former Zulu Chief who had takena doctoral degree in philosophy at Oxford. He began by explaining why Zulus needed39 words for “green.” In the days before automo tive transport and national highways, the Zulu people would often make long treks across their savannah grasslands. There were no signposts or maps and lengthy journeys had to be described by those who had traveled the route before. The language adapted itself to the requirements of its speakers.3 English copes with concepts such as contract deadlines and stock futures (Zulu doesn’t), but our language is seen as poverty-stricken and inadequately descriptive by Africans and Amerindians whose languages abound in finely wrought, beautifully logical descriptions of nature,causation, repetition, duration, and result.4 “But give me some examples of di ff erent green-words,” I persisted.5 My friend picked up a leaf. “What color is this?” he asked.6 “Green,” I replied.7 Th e sun was shining. He waited until a cloud intervened. “What color is the leaf now?” he asked.8 “Green,” I answered, already sensing my inadequacy.9 “It isn’t the same green, is it?”10 “No, it isn’t.”11 “We have a di ff erent word in Zulu.” He dipped the leaf in water and held it out again. “Has the color changed?”12 “Yes.”13 “In Zulu we have a word for ‘green shining wet.’ ”14 The sun came out again and I needed another word (leaf-green-wet but-with-sunshine-on-it!)15 My friend retreated 20 metres and showed me the leaf. “Has the color changed again?”16 “Yes,” I screamed.17 “We have another word,” he said with a smile.18 He went on to indicate how diff erent Zulu green s would deal with tree leaves, bush leaves, leaves vibrating in the wind, river greens, pool greens,tree trunk greens, crocodile greens … he got to 39 without even raising a sweat.19 It was evident that my Zulu friend and I saw the world through diff erent eyes. And yet it was not a question of eyes. However “international,”multicultural or all-embracing I wished to be, there was no way I could perceive or feel about nature the way he did, because I didn’t have the language to do it with. It was not just a matter of familiarizing myself with the cultural habits, preferences and taboos of his tribe or evenadopting his religion and philosophies. I could only experience reality as fully as he did by learning his language and escaping (in terms of descriptive ability) from the straitjacket of my own.20 Just as seeing with two eyes gives us stereoscopic vision, and a sense of depth, thinking in two different languages gives us added dimensions of reality. Finn-Swedes are a case in point. A striking thought is that while French (a language very similar to English) would give a Briton maybe an extra 10 percent of the observable universe, a “primitive” language widely diff erent from our own, with its other logic assumptions, might show us things we have never dreamed of!21 It is not difficult for us to comprehend (once we are awake to the language straitjacket phenomenon) that the Japanese, for example, with their reverse word order will organize their thoughts and priorities in a different manner from that of Europeans. But if we think more closely about the European scene, we discover that English, French and Spanish speakers use language and think in quite diff erent ways, and may seem at times to be on a common wavelength when in fact they didn’t really know what the other has said or what they actually meant when they said it.参考译文不同的语言，不同的世界理查德·刘易斯两个有着不同背景的人对同一个基本概念的理解会大相径庭，我这里用英国人和祖鲁人来举例说明。
跨文化交际-Unit 8
Some likely interpretations
3. Cultural
② Westerners are less likely to ask to borrow expensive things, so Alice feels this isn’t a reasonable request. (She feels bad about refusing, and is concerned that Ellen may be offended.)
Conceding a point
I concede that DVD players are very expensive, but they can give you a lot of fun. I grant that DVD players are very expensive, but they can bring you a lot of fun.
Dealing with conflict
American directness:
When faced with a problem, Americans like to get to its source. This means facing the facts, meeting the problem heed on, putting the cards on the table, and getting information “straight from the horse’s mouth.” Consistent with these tendencies, it is also desirable to face people directly — to confront them. Confrontation is not necessarily rancorous, but it does involve reporting one’s feelings honestly, expecting reciprocal honesty, and dealing with the person involved in the problem.
跨文化交际(胡超版)-判断题及翻译
跨文化交际实用教程判断题与翻译Unit 1T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years.作为一种现象,跨文化传播已经存在了数千年.然而,作为一门学科,它的历史只有大约五十年.F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe.跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科F 3 Culture is a static entity< 静态的实体> while communication is a dynamic process.文化是一个静态的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given <约定的特定的> culture.文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识,人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行为T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations<over-generalization>,it still contributes to a person’s cultural cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性,但仍有助于人的文化认知.T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization.在跨文化交际中,我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开.T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals.文化错误比语言错误更严重.语言错误意味着有人不能充分表达自己的想法,而文化上的错误会导致严重的误解,甚至个人之间的不适感F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.所有同一民族的人都会有相同的文化T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same. 虽然两国文化有着相同的想法,但它们的意义和意义可能不一样F 10 One’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.个人的行为完全独立于他或她的文化Unit 2T 1、All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achievedmay vary significantly.所有的文化都需要和价值的礼貌,但礼貌的方式可能会有所不同T2、Don’t take offence-getting the form of address 〞wrong〞is rarely intended to be offensive.不要拿"错误〞的形式来攻击,这是很难得的进攻T3、Addressing forms like "Miss Mary〞, 〞Brown〞by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise.解决形式如"玛丽小姐〞,"棕色〞由中国可能是一种文化妥协的形式.T4.Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles.上校,上校,上校,可以用作头衔F5.Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P.L.A. Uncle means.西方人能够理解警察叔叔和解放军叔叔的手段.F6.We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas.我们可以解决杰森道格拉斯,他是个律师,律师道格拉斯.F7.Chinese hospitality toward the westerners is always greatly appreciated.中国人对西方人的热情好客是非常赞赏的.F8.The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.西方人对中国人的关注往往受到西方人的赞赏.F_9.〞Thank you for coming!〞is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived. 谢谢你的到来！"当客人刚到的时候,这是西方主人使用的一种典型的表达形式.T10.〞I’m sorry to have wasted your time〞or "I’m sorry to have taken up so much of yourtime〞are usually appropriate for the business visit.我很抱歉浪费了你的时间〞或者"我很抱歉占用了你这么多时间〞,通常都是适合商务拜访的.Unit 3T 1.sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments.有时,中国人表现出谦虚的方式可以被视为对赞美的赞美T2.The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.汉语和英语的社会功能大致相同.T 3.In informal situations, a large number of compliments are used to make people feel comfortable.在非正式场合,大量的赞美是让人感到舒服的F 4.The cultural assumption of compliments is the same between cultures.文化的假设是文化的相同的.T 5.Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives, adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese.形容词和动词常被用来传递英语中的恭维话,而形容词、副词和动词常被用在汉语里.F6. English compliments often begin with the word "you〞while Chinese compliments often start with the word "I〞. 英语的赞美常以"你〞一词开头,而中国人的赞美常以"我〞一词开头F 7. Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans.在日常生活中,中国人比美国人更为赞美.F8. Americans tends to be self-effacing in their compliments responses.美国人往往自谦在称赞别人的反应.F9. Compliments on other’s belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture.对他人财物的赞美有时是美国文化中的一种间接的方式T10. If a guest compliments something in another person’s home, the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing to the guest.如果一个客人在别人家里赞美别人的话,中国主人或女主人很可能会把这件事告诉客人.Unit 4F 1.Verbal communication is more important than nonverbal communication.言语交际比非语言交际更为重要F 2."Dragon〞means the same to the Westerner as "龙〞to the Chinese."龙〞是指同为西方人的"龙〞到中国.F 3.The Chinese phrase "知识分子〞has the same meaning as "intellectual〞.中国"知识分子〞具有相同的含义是"知识T 4.A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language.在一种语言中的一个术语在另一种语言中可能没有对等词F 5.In referring to animals and birds, the Chinese practice is generally, but not always ,to use "公〞or "母〞to show whether a creature is male or female. This is the same with the English language.在谈到动物和鸟类,中国的做法是通常,但不总是,用"公〞或"母〞来表明该生物是否是男性或女性.这与英语是一样的.T 6. The following six English word: "vice〞, "associate〞, "assistant〞, "deputy〞, "lieutenant〞and "under〞can all mean "副〞in Chinese language.以下六个英文单词："副〞、"联想〞、"助理〞、"副〞、"中尉〞和"下〞都是"副〞在汉语中F 7.There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.有许多相似之处,英语谚语和汉语谚语的异同.T 8. Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo,违反文化禁忌的是严重违背了言语禁忌T 9.Patterns of thought varies with culture.思维方式随文化而变化.T10.Particular thought patterns predominate in each culture, e.g. American culture is predominantlyfactual-inductive, Russian culture is predominantly axiomatic-deductive, and Arab cultures are predominately intuitive-affective.在每一个特定的思维模式主导文化的,例如美国文化主要是事实的归纳,俄罗斯文化主要是公理化演绎,和阿拉伯文化以直观的情感.Unit 5T1.Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others.说只是一种交流方式.还有许多人F2.Some researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 70%of information is communicated through speaking, and over 30% sis sent by nonverbal means.一些研究者断言,在面对面的交流中,约有70%的信息是通过说话,而超过30%则是通过非语言方式发送的T3.Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers.环境是非语言交际的五个研究领域之一T4.Much of our nonverbal behavior, like culture, tends to elusive, spontaneous and frequently goes beyond our awareness.我们大部分的非语言行为,如文化,往往难以实现,自发的,往往超越我们的认识tin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures.拉丁美洲,非洲,阿拉伯和大多数亚洲文化是单一的文化.T6.Arab belongs to tough cultures.阿拉伯属于艰难的文化T7.In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience.在一些文化中,为了表示尊重或服从,应该避免使用目光接触T8.The appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures.身体接触的适宜性因不同的文化而不同F9.Western women usually like Chinese to touch their bodies or small children.西方妇女通常喜欢中国人接触他们的身体或小孩.F10.Seating arrangements reflect culture. Chinese people tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them.座位安排体现文化.中国人倾向于和他们说话,而不是坐在他们旁边的人Unit 6F1.Gender is the cultural meaning of "sex〞.性别是"性〞的文化内涵F2.Sex and gender are synonymous.同义的性别和性别是同义词T3.A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both.一位女士可能是女性,男性或两者的结合T4.Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to others, while most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure.女性一般舒适与建筑密切关系和信任别人,而大多数人都保留对参与和披露.F5.Most men use communication to create connection or equality between people.大多数人用沟通来建立联系或平等的人F6.Women usually use communication to establish status and power.女性通常使用沟通来确立地位和权力T7.In feminine culture, communication is a way—probably the primary way—to express and expand closeness.在女性文化中,传播是表达和扩大亲密关系的主要途径.T8.Masculine socialization stresses doing things and regards action as primary ways to create and express closeness.男性社会化强调做事情,把行动视为创造和表达亲密的主要方式.T9.The first and last principal for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.有效的跨性别传播的第一个和最后一个主要是中止判断.T10.It is difficult but possible to seek translation cues that will facilitate our communication.这是困难的,但可能寻求翻译线索,将有利于我们的沟通.跨文化交际实用教程复习总结简单版1、外国人指下星期六是指这个周六,而我们中过人说下星期六是这个星期后的星期六,参照时间点不同2、外国人不喜欢人家说他/她老3、名字顺序：He Xiangu , Andrew LewisSurname given name ,given name Surname注意：surname =last name; given name=first name称呼职称时,中国：surname +title；外国：Title+surname 或Title +surname given name4、副的用法：vice associate assistant deputy under lieutenantEg：vice-chairman , associate proffessor , assistant mananger , deputy director , undersecretary , lieutenant governor5、西方人认为下面的东西是私隐的：age,salary,health,family,visiting〔拜访人家要提前通知〕,parting6、在西方,如果去拜访人家,来到主人家时,客人会被立刻问到要不要脱下大衣〔out-door clothing〕,如果客人说不脱了,表示他们只是stay a few minutes.7、在中国,It is acceptable 留下东西在盘子里,但是在西方,这是不礼貌的,要finish eating.8、In English, only a few titles can be used: Doctor, Judge,Governor, Major,Professor, Nurse, Captain, Colonel.9、西方人可以当面指出朋友的错误,东方人不行.10、加拿大人：No seeing out when Guest leaves.No stand-up when your leaders comes in.No help for old people.11、Positively commenting on somenting can indicate that the speaker like to possess it.所以中国人一听到人家说"I love your scarf,It is really pretty〞赞美她的东西,就会坚持要送给人家.12、中国人赞美的语言特征：以"you〞"your〞开头,西方人则以"I〞开头.13、西方人认为losing weigh is good 中国人不认为good.14、M-time：西方-Northern American,Western and Northern EuropeanP-time:东方-Latin American,Afican,Arab,most Asian15、地中海文化：夸X/大悲痛,经常可以见到男性在公共场合哭.美国：男性压抑情感.日本：男性更加压抑情感,将生气、悲伤、失望用微笑掩埋.韩国：太多的微笑会被认为肤浅.泰国：The land of smiles.16、眼神接触西方人希望有眼神接触,阿拉伯人也同意.日本人、Latin American、加勒比海人不提倡太长时间眼神接触.17、谈话之间美国人不希望有silence,日本人很欣赏silence.18、Body contactAsia、地中海文化可以有同性之间的,但异性之间是禁止的.19、Negotiation日本、中国、中东、巴西、墨西哥认为relationship在negotiaton重要20、美国人见到别人打招呼用first name,也会touch people ,英国人则要熟络之后才用first name.21、英国人有很强的隐私22、西方人通常选择座位：主人指的或他们喜欢的, 中国人认为坐在不是很舒服的位置可显示出谦虚.23、adj. 和V经常被英语用来赞美,adj. adv.和V经常被东方人用来赞美.24、T aboos东西方都是禁忌的：关于排泄物、sexual intercourse and parts of the body、four-letter words、诅咒.25、Thought patterns美国：factual-inductive 事实归纳型Russian：axiomatic-deductive 推论/演绎型Arab：intuitive-affective 直觉/观型26、In Korea,女士如果有社会地位的一般穿dress或skirt,只有地位低得才穿trousers.27、"OK〞gesture：美国means good,Brazil means 下流的,不好的,Japan 和korea means money.28、美国人wil sit with their feet on the desk,which shows 他们舒服,但对于Latin American or Asians,这个行为是粗鲁的和自大傲慢的.29、personal spaceShort distance：Latins,地中海的ArabsMedium distance：Americans,Northern EuropeansLong distance：Japanese,地中海的Europeans30、Seating arrangements美国人：tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or stand beside them.中国人：with people sitting next to each other.31、Point to objects美国人：用index fingerGerman：little fingerJapanese：entire handAsian:用index finger is considered rude.32、Beckoning sign〔示意叫唤〕中国人：By shaking the hand with palm turned downward,对于美国人,这个动作means wave goodbye. 美国人：one palm up,fingers more or less together,and moves toward his or her body.33、Counting with fingersChinese:bending the fingers from a stretcher palmAmerican:stretching the fingers from a cleachen fist.。
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Stage 1: making new conversational rules.
There are many reasons why it is hard to explain humor. vocabulary sayings and idioms background knowledge some stereotyped images
United Nations Survey
Last month, a world survey was conducted by the UN. The only question asked was: "Would you please give your honest opinion about solutions to the food shortage in the rest of the world." The survey was a huge failure... In Africa they didn't know what "food" meant. In Eastern Europe they didn't know what "honest" meant. In Western Europe they didn't know what "shortage" meant. In China they didn't know what "opinion" meant. In the Middle East they didn't know what "solution" meant. In South America they didn't know what "please" meant, and In the USA they didn't know what "the rest of the world" meant.
Humor goes beyond language. Learning how to explain humor and how to ask questions about humor is important for intercultural communication. A two-stage process is involved in sharing humor between native and non-native speakers.
英格兰人谈论苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的3则笑话:
1.一个爱尔兰人给旅游公司打电话：“我坐飞机到伦敦将用多 长时间？”办事员想看看飞机时刻表，对他说：“（请等）一分钟， 先生！”“非常感谢！”爱尔兰人满意地答道并挂上了电话。
2.一个苏格兰人从英格兰回到了家。家人问道：“在伦敦怎么 样？”苏格兰人答道：“还行！就是那些英格兰人很奇怪。我住在 旅馆时，他们像疯子一样在我隔壁敲了一夜墙。”“那你当时干什 么呢？”“我没干什么！我只是吹了一夜笛子！” 3.一个爱尔兰人前来伦敦度假，住进一家高级饭店。服务生拿 起箱子，带他去房间。爱尔兰人生气地说：“看着点儿！别以为我 来自爱尔兰，就让我住进这么个小房间！”服务生连忙解释道： “别生气，先生！这是电梯。”
Elements that may hinder our understanding of English humor
Vocabulary “Quid” is the modern word for what was once called a "shilling”. friends are called “tossers”. If you are fond of someone, you should tell him he is a “great tosser” -- he will be touched.
English gas station
A Taste Of Your Own Medicine: When you are mistreated the same way you mistreat others.
Beat A Dead Horse: To force an issue that has already ended. Beating Around The Bush: Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue.
Unit 8 Humor Interpretation in Intercultural Encounters
Culture is a Bridge.
English gas station
All Greek to me: Meaningless and incomprehensible like someone who cannot read, speak, or understand any of the Greek language would be. All In The Same Boat: When everyone is facing the same challenges. An Arm And A Leg: Very expensive. A large amount of money.
Rule for Native Speakers
1.Abandon the old conversational rule：
2.Make the new conversational rule：
3.Behavior necessary to implement new conversational rule：
1.Abandon the old conversational rule：
Checking whether the partner understands humor is treating him or her as an ignorant child, which is rude and inappropriate
Idiomatic nonverbal expressions
A”T” gestures
Raising the palm of the hand beginning at the middle of the forehead up over the head accompanied by a jet light sound
3.Behavior necessary to implement new conversational rule
Asking questions and regulating conversations in terms of idiomatic verbal and nonverbal expressions.
Sayings and idioms as close as an oyster 嘴很紧 polish the apple 讨人欢心; 拍马屁
Background knowledge
“We‟re not amused.” This celebrated remark was from Queen Victoria, who was expressing her dissatisfaction toward something meant to be humorous.
Some stereotyped images Scientists are considered nerdy and ugly.
Rule for Nonnative Speakers
1.Abandon the old conversational rule：
2.Make the new conversational rule：
3.Behavior necessary to implement new conversational rule：
1.Abandon the old conversational rule：
Admitting incomprehension（不理解） and asking questions about humor is stupid.
Humor
Failure to understand humor is a common occurrence.
“You are also human” A compliment in America, but cause embarrassment in China.
Chapter 1: Humor as a Pathway to Intercultural Communication Competence
Step 2: explaining humor
“Out of the ordinary”
Culture is usually imparted in a tacit way. tacit ['tæ sit] adj. 心照不宣的, 缄默的, 默示的 They have a tacit understanding.
他俩心照不宣。
Comparison of syllogism and enthymeme
Syllogism Major premise(s) minor premise(s) Conclusion
Cultural and personal idiomatic verbal and nonverbal expressions