(完整word版)英语主动表被动用法归纳
(完整word版)英语被动语态语法讲解(word文档良心出品)
初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如: They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
以give 为例,列表如下:一般现在时:am / is / are + done 一般过去时:was / were + done一般将来时:shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时:should / would + be done现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done现在完成时:have / has + been + done 过去完成时:had + been + done将来完成时:shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时:should / would + have been + done [注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时:(1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country.(2)The school doesn't allow us to enter lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时:(1)They agreed on building a new car factory last month. a new car building factory was agreed on last month.(2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten3. 一般将来时:(1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea.(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.5. 现在进行时:(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.(2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时:(1)The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended.(2)This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year.7. 现在完成时:(1)Someone has told me the meeting might be put off.I have been told the meeting might be put off.(2)He has brought his book here. His book has been brought here.(四)含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
英语:主动表被动用法小结.doc
英语:主动表被动用法小结(作者单位:湖北洪湖二中王爱民)1、主语(物)+sell(wash, write, read, clean, cook, burn, print etc)+副词The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。
Wood burns easily.木头很容易燃烧。
The pen writes smoothly.这笔下水流畅。
The sign reads as follows:这牌子告示如下:This dress wears very well.这衣服很耐穿。
His trade pays well.他的生意很有利。
2、be worth doing “……值得被做”The place is worth visiting = The place is worthy to be visited=The place is worthy of being visited.这地方值得一看。
3、want/need/require doing = want/need/require to be done “需要被……”Your shirt needs pressing. = Your shirt needs to be pressed.你的衬衣需要熨一熨。
4、to let出租;to blame该受责备。
The house is to let.此屋出租。
Who is to blame?谁该受责备?5、easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, hot等一些形容词后的不定式The problem is difficult to work out.My schoolbag seemed heavy to carry.6、不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语I have a lot of work to do.Give me a book to read.7、连系动词look, taste, smell, sound, feel, proveGood medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.His theory proved correct.练习1. —Is this raincoat yours?—No, mine there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung2. —Do you like the material?—Yes, it very soft.A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is felt3. —Who is that is for the terrible mistake?—Sorry, I’m n ot sure.A. he, to blameB. it, to be blamedC. it, to blameD. one, to be blamed4. Which of his books do you think best among the best-sellers?A. sellsB. is soldC. are writtenD. writes5. The new dictionaries are very useful. They well and already.A. sell, have been sold outB. sold, had sold outC. sell, sell outD. are sold, have been sold out6. The thief did not know where the diamond .A. was hidingB. hiddenC. hidD. was hidden7. Mathematics is difficult .A. to learnB. for learningC. to be learnedD. of learning8. —I can not see the blackboard very well.—Perhaps you need .A. to examine your eyesB. to have your eyes examinedC. to have examined your eyesD. to be examined your eyes9. —My pen .—Neither will mine.A. won’t be writtenB. is not writingC. doesn’t writeD. won’t write10. Air conditioners(空调)in the summer months.A. sell wellB. bought withC. had sold withD. are bought by(1—5ACCAA 6—10DABDA)。
英文中主动式表被动的用法
5. need, want, require, won’t bear, deserve等动词 后用动名词的主动形式表被动意义。句中主语是动名词意义上 的宾语。若动名词是不及物动词,其后应加相应介词。 例如: The flowers need / want / require watering. 这些花需要浇水。 The problem required paying special attention to. 这个问题需要特别注意。 以上几个动词除bear外,也可以用不定式的被动语态来表示。 例如: Your hair needs to be cut. / Your hair needs cutting. 你的头发该理了。
英语中主动表被动情况
1. 某些感官动词,如look, feel, sound, taste, smell等 常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如: His conclusion certainly sounded reasonable. 他的结论听起来确实有道理。 This kind of flower smells sweet. 这种花闻起来很香。
6. 某些动词的进行时可表被动意义,如print, cook, build, burn, show等。 例如: What’s showing at the cinema this week? 本周电影院放映什么电影? Her novel is reprinting (being reprinted). 她的小说正被再次印刷。 The bridge is building(= being built). 那座桥正在被修建。
7. to let(出租),to blame(责备)只用主动形式表被动 意义。 例如: This flat is to let. 这套公寓出租 Who is to blame for it? 这要怪谁?
被动语态详解(Word版)
被动语态详解一、语态分类英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化(1)主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be 的变化形式完全一样。
以give为例,列表如下:一般现在时:am / is / are + given一般过去时:was / were +given一般将来时:shall / will + given一般过去将来时:should / would + given现在进行时:am / is / are + being + given过去进行时:was / were + being + given现在完成时:have / has + been + given过去完成时:had + been + given将来完成时:shall / will + have been + given过去将来完成时:should / would + have been + given 注:被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(2)含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
①You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions must be handed in after class.②He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(3)主动语态变被动语态的方法:①My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语→I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语②The school set up a special class to help poor readers. →A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
英语主动表被动用法归纳
英语主动表被动用法归纳
英语中的被动语态是表达动作的接收者的一种语法结构,而不是动作的执行者。
然而,有时我们也会使用主动语态来表示被动意义,这就是主动表被动用法。
以下是一些常见的主动表被动用法的归纳:
1. "动词+ oneself" 结构:这种结构表示主语自己对自己进行某个动作,有自我参考的意味。
例如:He hurt himself while playing soccer.
2. "动词+ each other" 结构:这种结构表示两个或多个主语互相进行某个动作。
例如:They helped each other with their homework.
3. "动词+ something" 结构:这种结构表示主语对某个物体进行某个动作。
例如:She painted the wall white.
4. "be + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语的状态或特征。
例如:The window was broken by the ball.
5. "get + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语经历了某种变化或受到某种影响。
例如:She got lost in the city.
6. "become + 动词过去分词" 结构:这种结构表示主语变成了某种状态或特征。
例如:The water became ice.
以上是一些常见的主动表被动用法。
1。
(完整版)英语主动表被动用法归纳
英语主动表被动用法归纳一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形(1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式:That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
(2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。
(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。
(强调动作执行者)(3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。
(完整版)主动表被动的13种情况
(完整版)主动表被动的13种情况主动表示被动的13种情况回顾一、不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是:cut, sell, read,write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
1.This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。
2.These books sell well.这些书好卖。
3.The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。
4.Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
5.The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
二、一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。
常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out 等。
1.The apples taste good.2.The flower smells wonderful.3.The news proved/turned out true.4.Cotton feels soft.三、不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系。
不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。
如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义:用于此结构的常见形容词hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible,convenient, cheap, expensive,(便利的,方便的), 等。
1.The problem is easy to do.2.The question is difficult to answer.3.The box is heavy to carry.4.The project is impossible to complete ina year.5.The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。
英语中主动表被动的用法
英语中主动表被动的用法-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1一、谓语动词的被动情况:1. 某些连系动词,如look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等,由于没有宾语,也就没有被动式,习惯以主动语态形式表示被动意义。
例如:Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来香。
Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸起来很软。
但是,当上述动词不用作系动词,作实意动词时,则不具有这种用法。
例如: His heart was felt still beating. 他的心脏仍在跳动。
Pepper can be tasted in the soup. 汤里有胡椒粉的味道。
2. 一些动词read, wash, clean, cook,lock, shut, open, act, write,cut,wear、want、need、等,用作不及物动词时且表示主语的某种属性时,用主动表被动。
例如:The door won’t open.这门打不开。
It can’t move.它不能动。
【注意】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t(不能), won’t(不会)等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了) The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)3、 need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),cannot bear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。
The old building requires repairing.这座古建筑需要修了。
(word完整版)被动语态英语主动表被动用法归纳,推荐文档
一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形(1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式:That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
(2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:The door won't shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can't, won't 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won't shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)The window won't be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。
(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。
(强调动作执行者)(3) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn't cut easily. It's too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。
英语主动表被动用法归纳
英语主动表被动用法归纳一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形(1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式:That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
(2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。
(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。
(强调动作执行者)(3) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。
英语中动词主动表被动用法归纳
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。
6、一些与can’t(不能)或won’t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上),open(打开),act(上演),write(写),cut(砍,切),wear(穿,戴)等,用作不及物动词时,用主动表被动。例如:
A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed
Keys:1-3 CAB
英语中动词主动表被动用法归纳
1、Need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),be worth值得),not bear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing.这座古建筑需要修了。
Exercises:choose the best choice.
1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _____.
A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see
Much is to do.太多要做的事。
9、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。
There is nothing doing these days.这些天没事干。
I see there’s a good idea planning.我知道又在打好主意。
He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。 (与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)
(word完整版)非谓语动词归纳总结,推荐文档
非谓语动词归纳总结一,非谓语动词的形式变化及其意义二,非谓语动词的运用及考题形式形式1,(If/Unless/When/Though/As)( )----------------------,句子(主语+谓语+宾语-----)(1)To do-----表目的(为了),发生谓语动词后,后面常带宾语(2)Doing/Having done----(当---时,如果,虽然,因为),后面常带宾语(3)Done/Having been done----(当---时,如果,虽然,因为),后面不带宾〖注意〗:1,(Do )---------------, and/but/or/if/when/before/after+主语+谓语+--------这是祈使句,所以用动词原2,(Doing/Being done)------------------is/was(谓语动词)-----------------------------------.这是用动名词作主语〖例证〗:1,______(look)carefully,and you can find the differences between the two pictures.2,______(look)after his aged mother, he gave up the chance to go abroad for further study.3,_______(look) after yourself well is important when you are alone abroad.4,_______(look) after well by the nurse, the old man recovered quite quickly.5,_______(look) after well is a kind of love that our parents gave us.6,_______(look) for the book for a long time, he finally bought it in a bookstore occasionally.7,_______(look) after well by the nurse for two months,the old man finally recovered.形式2主语+谓语+宾语+------,()+------------1,doing(及物动词后面跟宾语)表示伴随,结果,方式2,done(及物动词后面不跟宾语)表示伴随,结果,方式3,only to do表示结果〖例证〗1,A hearty laughter releases physical tension, ( )(leave) our muscle relaxed for half an hour. 2,The old grandma got off the bus, ()(support)by her granddaughter.3,We hurried to the railway station, only( )(find) the train had already left.4,He got up,washed his faces,had his breakfast, and( )(go) to work.形式3主语()+ 谓语+ 宾语()+-------------1,to do将要做的to be done将被做的(作定语或宾语补足语)2,doing正在做的being done正在被---的(作定语或宾语补足语)3,done被----了的(作定语或宾语补足语)〖例证〗1,Anyone________(see)________(carry)bags,boxes,cases was stopped by the police.(作定语)2,Steam can be seen__________(rise) when water is heated.(作主语补足语)3,Seeing the roads _____(cover) with snow and ice, we decided to stay at home.(作宾语补足语)4,The building _________(complete) next month will be used as a laboratory.(作定语)5,The problem______(discuss) now is not the one _____(discuss)at yesterday’s meeting (作定语)6,He spoke loudly enough to make himself __________(hear) clearly.(作宾语补足语)7,The government has taken effective measures________(improve) the air condition in Beijing.(作目的状语)8,Don’t keep the water ________(run) when you brush teeth.(作宾语补足语)三,固定搭配1,跟不定式作宾语的动词Aim,appear,agree,arrange,decide,choose,demand,desire,determine,expect,hope,fail,happen, hesitate,learn,mean,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,attempt,want2,跟动名词作宾语的动词Consider,suggest,advise,excuse,pardon,admit,delay,putoff,fancy,avoid,miss,keep,practice,deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate,can’t help,forbid,imagine,risk,mind,allow,permit,escape3,to后面跟动名词的短语Be/get used to,be related to,be addicted to,be opposed to,be devoted to,be adjusted to,be connected to,be compared to,lead to,object to,look forward to,stick to,pay attention to,contribute to,make contributions to,reply to,turn to,belong to,respond to。
主动语态和被动语态总结表格
主动语态和被动语态总结表格
特
点
主动语态被动语态
主语执行动作的人或事
物
接受动作的人或事物
谓语动词的原形或相应
时态
动词的过去分词形式,加上助动词(be)的相应时态
宾语接受动作的人或事
物
执行动作的人或事物(通常用介词by引出,但有时可以省略)
结构主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
主语(被动语态中的宾语) + be + 过去分词 + (by + 主语(主动语态中的
主语))
例子She reads a
book.
A book is read by her.
They built a
house.
A house was built by them.
He will finish
the task.
The task will be finished by him.
以下是一些注意事项:
1.被动语态中的助动词be根据句子的时态和主语的人称、数变化,如is, am, are, was, were, be, being,
been等。
2.并不是所有的动词都有被动语态,尤其是那些表示状态或自然现象的动词,如exist, happen, belong
等。
3.在被动语态中,主动语态的宾语变成了主语,而主动语态的主语则可能变成介词by的宾语,有时候
可以省略不提。
4.主动语态和被动语态可以互相转换,但有时候转换后句子的意思会有所不同。
第 1 页共 1 页。
主动表被动的8种情况
主动表被动的8种情况
主动表被动的8种情况:1.不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,主语+系动词+形容词+不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。
2.不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,等。
一、某些系动词后加形容词,如
look,smell,taste,feel,sound,prove等。
二、某些动词后可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
这类动词want,need,require,deserve等。
三、be+表示“难、易、轻、重、合适”等形容词+带to的不定式。
四、will,do,would的否定形式加动词原形。
五、某些及物动词后加副词时。
这些动词有
wash,write,sell,read,cut,clean,heat,rent,let,
act,tell,等,其后的副词多为
well,easily,quickly,rapidly等。
六、主语+be+带to的不定式
七、在“There be+主语+带to的不定式”中。
八、某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义,常见的动词有bake,cook,print,hang,build,do,finish等。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
英语主动表被动用法归纳一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形(1)某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式:That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。
Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。
(2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。
【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。
(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。
(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。
(不强调动作执行者)The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。
(强调动作执行者)(3)当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。
This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。
【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。
不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作):The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。
(即这句子没有歧义)The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。
(指读的人读得好)另外,以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态:The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。
Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?(4)某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等),当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动形式表示被动意义:When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始?The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。
(5)有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义:Where is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映?My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。
Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。
二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的八种情形(1)不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢?The house is to let. 此屋出租。
(2)某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。
Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。
Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗?【注】①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动表被动。
这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, da ngerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unp leasant 等。
②有时形容词后跟有名词,在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义:It’s a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。
It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。
③有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit, ready, free等),其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可:The water is not fit to drink [to be drunk]. 这水不适合饮用。
The letters are ready to post [to be posted]. 这信已准备好可以寄了。
(3)不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义:I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。
I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。
(指自己打字)I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。
(指请人打字)(4)不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:Give me some magazines to read. 给我几本杂志看。
He lent me some magazines to read. 他借给我一些杂志看。
【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语,则应用被动式,比较:He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。
He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room. 他将带你去看看用作会议室的房间。
但有时两者区别不大:Give me a list of the people to invite [to be invited]. 把需要邀请的人员名单给我。
(5)不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时,可用主动式,也可用被动式,有时含义差不多:There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了。
但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb,用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb):There is nothing to do. 无事可做。
(含有无聊之意)There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。
(指没有办法了)There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。
(即不值一看)There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。
(指没东西看)(6)涉及副词enough和too的主动表被动。
在too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但也可直接用被动式):The writing is too faint to read [to be read]. 这笔迹太模糊,看不清。
These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢,不能用作站台。
但在某些特别强调被动意义的语境中,可能用被动式更恰当:He spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他说话的声音太低,听不见。
(7)be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动:In all, the book is worth reading. 总之,这本书值得一读。
This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。
【注】与worth相似的worthy却不一样,其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of),且要用被动式表示被动含义:This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。
(8)在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义:The plants want watering every day. 这些花草得天天浇水。
【注】①以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义:This sentence needs explaining [to be explained]. 这个句子需要解释。
②它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义:It needs no explanation. 它无需解释。
This plan requires careful consideration. 这项计划需要仔细考虑。
三、介词短语用主动表被动的六种情形(1)“beyond+名词”:The rumor is beyond belief. 这谣言难以置信。
【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词,且该名词一般都具有动作意义,类似的结构还有beyond compare(无可比拟),beyond description(难以形容),beyond (all) doubt(毫无疑问),beyond expression(无法形容),beyond suspicion(无可怀疑),等。