英语国家概况期末考整理.doc
英语国家概况复习资料.doc
Materials for term examination.I.名词解释：i. Magna CartaThis is a medieval Latin name meaning "Great Charter". In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the Church to grant then a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.2.The Great CouncilIn medieval times, this referred to a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. By the 13th century, representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. This was the beginning of what we know as Parliament today.3.the Bill of Rights of 1689In 1688, King James Il's daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect therights of Parliament. After this Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.4.the House of LordsThe House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual, who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal, which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers or they have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public.5.the House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.6.Margaret ThatcherShe came into power as Britain's first woman Prime Minister in 1979 when her Conservative party won the general election. She advocated the idea of small governmentand free-market economics. During her term as the Prime Minister, she carried out policies to privatize the nationalized industry and to cut tax rates. As a result, many businesses boomed but unemployment rate increased. She was later replaced by John Major in 1990.7.William ShakespeareHe was an English dramatist and poet in the Elizabethan age. He is generally regarded as the greatest playwright in English literature. He worte 37 plays. His plays fall into three categories: (1) Historical plays like Charles II; (2) Comedies such as Merchant of Venice and (3) Tragedies such as Romeo and Juliet. Macbeth, Hamlet, King Lear, and Othello are his four most famous tragedies.,8.The Romantic MovementThe Romantic Movement started at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. The spirit of Romanticism places emphasis on nature, originality, the emotional and personal. The great poets of this movement are Keats, Shelley and Wordsworth. Jane Austen and the Bronte sisters are among the famous Romantic novelists. Theirwritings are characterized by rich imaginations and strong feelings.9.ModernismModernism in literature began before the Second World War (1939-1945). Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century form, which can be considered as assuming understanding between writer and reader. This approach to writing is called ''realism". However, modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Modernist writing seems disorganized and hard to understand. One of the most famous English Modernist writers is Virginia Woolf10.grammar schoolsIt is a type of secondary schools in Britain. Grammar schools select children at the age 11, through an examination called "the 11-plus". Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools. These schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities.11.NATOThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization was set up in 1949. The Berilin blockade by former Soviet Union made the Western European countries feel the need for closer relations and cooperation with the United States. Then on April 4, 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty was signed , provided that an attack on any of the parties to the treaty would be regarded as an attack on all, and force, if necessary, would be used to restore and maintain peace and security. It marked the beginning of US efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies.12.OxbridgeOxbridge refers to the two top universities in Britain: Oxford and Cambridge. These two universities not only offer good education, but also offer a network of connections. Graduates from these universities occupy a high proportion of the top level of many aspects of British society.You should summarize the explanation for the following terms, (refer to the book and my ppt)13.The Boston Tea Party14.the Declaration of Independence is. the Emancipation ProclamationDuring the Civil war, Lincoln issued the EmancipationProclamation to get more support for the Union at home andabroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.16.The Great Depression17.the isolationistis. the Cold War19.the Truman DoctrineOn March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward theTruman Doctrine in a speech to the joint session of Congress.The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. governmentwould support any country which said it was fighting againstCommunism.20.McCarthyism21.the New Deal-It was put forward by American President Roosevelt whowanted to do something to deal with the Great Depression atthat time. It passed a lot of New deal laws and set up some efficial social security systems. The New Deal helped to "save American democreacy,, and to overcome the most serious economic crisis of thecapitalist system up to that time.22.the American Constitution23.the Bill of RightsIn 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.24.Checks and balancesThe government is divided into three branches, th e legislative, the executive and the judicial, each has part of the powers but not all the power. And eac h branch of government can check, or block, the act ions of the otherbranches. The three branches are t hus in balance. This called "checks and balances".25.Montgomery bus boycottII.Short-answer Questions:1.What are the foundations of British foreign policy? How about its relationship with the US since the Second World War?2.How did the US become a country with a territory of about 9,32million square kilometers from the initial period about 900 thousand square kilometers?3.Give a brief account of the American foreign policy in the post-war period, and the relations between China and the US at that period.4.what are the functions of the queen一the symbolic head of the state of the UK?5.What is the general view of Americans on education?6.What are some of the characteristics of American education?------ (1) Formal education in the United States consists ofelementary, secondary and higher education.(2)Public educations is free and compulsory.(3)Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.(4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.7.What do you know about the English Renaissance?----- Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th century and spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1) English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeans under the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social and political history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet chaucer, the native literature was vigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them; (4) English Renaissance literature is chiefly artistic, rather than philosophical and scholarly; (5) the Renaissance coincided with the Reformation in England.The English Renaissance was largely literary, and achieved its finest expression_r in the so-called Elizabethan drama. Its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and William Shakespeare.8. Tell briefly the history of the two-party system in the United States.9.What is the Congress composed of? What are the functions of the Congress?10.What role does the community college paly? Why is it important in American higher education?11.What are some of the problems associated with American education today?12.What is the "Lost Generation"? Why is Hemingway considered an important writer in the 20th century?13.Why did the Civil War break out? How did the war end?----- In the early 1800s, the Northern states turned from farming to manufacturing. Black slavery soon disappeared in the North. But things were different in the South. The South expanded both its agriculture and its slavery. The problem of slavery became a serous political issue. The abolitionists tried to abolish slavery while the South tried to keep it. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern statesbroke away and formed a new nation. Then Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union and the war broke out on April 12, 1861, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued Emancipation Proclamation. Thus England and France stood by the Union's side. Many black slaves joined the Union Army.After a series of battles, Robert Lee could no longer hold Richmond. He surrendered on April 9, 1865. The Civil War ended.14.What is the significance of the War of 1812?15.What was the UK's colonial expansion like during the 19th century?16.Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development?------ T he early settlers came to America either for the opportunity to realize their dreams and better their lives or for the freedom from religious and governmental persecution. The Pilgrims were persons who suffered religious persecution in England and went to Holland and later moved to Americain 1620. The Puritans were the members of a Protestant group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England. Dissatisfied and threatened in England, they saw America as a refuge and migrated to America since 1630. There were a number of features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development. They were: representative form, of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.17.What was the impact of the Vietnam War-on American society?----- T he Vietnam War had a great impact on American society.(1)The United States was weakened as a result of the long war.(2)American society had never been so divided since the Civil War.(3)There was serious disagreement with in the ruling circle.(4)The image of the United States, especially the image of the American armed forces, was discredited.18.What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest? ----- T he Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about manyconsequences.William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts.19.What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain?----- A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty's Government ----- a body of Ministers who are the leadingmembers of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament.The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the Houseof Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.20.How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed? ----- The Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. It's characterized by a series of inventions and improvements of machines, such as John Ray's flying shuttle, James Hargreaves5 spinning Jenny, Richard Arkwright's waterframe, and Samuel Cropton5s mule. The Scottish inventor James Watt produced a very efficient steam engine in 1765, which could be applied to textile and other machinery. The most important element in speeding industrialization was the breakthrough in smelting iron with coke instead of charcoal in 1709. Similar developments occurred in the forging side of the iron industry which enabled iron to replace wool and stone in many sectors of the economy. Improved transporation ran parallel with production.As a result of the industrial revolution, Britain was by 1830 the 4"workshop of the world,,; no other country could compete with her in industrial production.。
《英语国家概况》期末复习资料
UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyUTIL101. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is ______B_________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public and private institutions of higher learning in the U.S.A. noB. significantC. someD. not much7. The community college ______B_________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. covers ___C____ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 14。
英语国家概况期末试卷样本.doc
科目：《英语国家概况》（A卷）Final Examination on A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 一Multiple choice ( 30’)(D ) 1As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was aterrible shortage of ___ in England.A grainB farm toolsC housesD labor( D ) 2In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’sProgressand _________ .A the Jew of MaltaB the School of ArcheryC Novum OrganumD Paradise Lost(C ) 3.In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London WorkingMen’s Association.A householdersB tenantsC small shopkeepersD office workers( C ) 4. In the Industrial Revolution, changesoccurred earliest and quickest in theindustry of ______.A. pottery B hardware C textiles D chemicals( C ) 5. In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike.A a choirB a political partyC a trade unionD a club(B ) 6The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________.A People’s CharterB Magna CartaC King’ s CharterD the Declaration of human rights(B ) 7 Henry Ⅱ was the first king of the ________ dynasty.A MalcolmB PlantagenetC WindsorD Tudor( A) 8. __________ is the most typically English of sportsA CricketB GolfC TennisD Horse-racing ( A ) 9.By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain.A Nanjing, Hong KongB Tianjing, Hong KongC Nanjing, MacauD Tianjing, Macau( D ) 10.In _______, the name Great Britain came into being.A 1689B 1702C 1701D1707( C ) 11. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___.A the farm failureB the bank failuresC the stock market crashD the high unemployment( D ) 12． What are the problems that the . economy has faced from time to timeA InflationB DepressionsC RecessionsD all of the above ( A ) 13．The real American literature began________.A after the war of IndependenceB after the Westward MovementC after the Civil WarD after the Civil Rights Movement ( A ) 14.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____ .A coalB electricityC oilD wheat( D ) 15.In the United States, if the parents don’ t send their children to school at certain age, ________ .A the state government will be responsible for itB they will educate the children themselvesC they can save a lot of moneyD they are breaking the law( D ) 16. The . and China established their diplomatic relations in _____.A 1974B 1972C 1978D1979( C ) 17 In his inaugural speech, ______ said that“the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”.A Woodrow WilsonB Theodore RooseveltC Franklin D. RooseveltD George Washington(C ) 18. One of the characteristics of the American people is _______ and it is said they are always ______.A liberty, debatingB aggressiveness, starting warsC mobility, on the moveD greediness, making money( D ) 19. Hemingway’s most famous masterpiece was ______.A The Sun Also RisesB A Farewell to ArmsC For Whom the Bell TollsD Old Man and the Sea(D ) 20. The system of higher education in the U. S. has three principle functions except ____-.A teachingB researchC public serviceD individual service following statements are T (true) or F (false) according to what you have learned’.(10) (T ) 1 There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: Scotland, Wales and England.(F)2 Under William’s rule, the freeman were at the bottom of the feudal system. (F ) 3 The English Civil War is also called the Glorious Revolution.(F)4 In , a Parliament has a maximum duration of 4 years.(T)5 Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and is the greatest of Christian festivals.(F ) 6 Chicago is known as the automobile capital of the world.( T ) 7 Between 1850 and1880, many early Chinese immigrants to the United States worked in the mining industry, especially in the gold mines.(T)8 The Pilgrims built a colony named Plymouth after they arrived in America.(F ) 9. The longest war that the United States has fought is the Civil War.(T ) 10. Higher education in the consists of six types of institutions.三Fill in the following blanks: (10’)1 In 1066, England was conquered by the __ Norman___________ who were led by William the Conqueror.2 The greatest writer in the English language is ___Shakespeare_________________ .3 In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the ___ jury __ while sentence is to be passed by the __ judge_____________ .4 The dominant broadcastingcorporation in Britain is __ BBC__________, which is controlled by the state.5 The most famous leader of the American Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was___Martin Luther King___________________.6 The . system of government has two layers of rule. They are the __Federal_________government and the __ State ____ government.7. The National Day of the United States is _ 4, July_____.8 Between 1946 and 1961, more than 63 million babies were born in the United States, who were known as the __baby boom____________ generation.四Give a one-sentence answer to each of the followingquestions.’(30) 1 What is the official name of Britain2 What were the main causes of the Hundred Years’War3 What are the primary sources of British law4 How was the 1920s in the United States described by manyhistorians 5 What is the meaning of the“Lost Generation”6.What were the two guiding principles underlying America diplomatic activities in World War Two7.What are the three periods as far as the evolution the British economy since the Second World War is concerned8.What kind of economic system does the United States have9.Why is education very important to Americans10.What does the British Parliament consist of五Writing.(20’)要求： How to Enhance Our Sense of Happiness1.人们对于如何提升幸福感有不同的看法2.幸福感的提升不仅包括物质层面，也包括参考答案一 1 DDCCC 6 BBAAD 11 CDAAD 16 DCCDD二 1 TFFFT 6 FTTFT三 1 Norman 2 Shakespeare 3 jury judge 4 BBC 5 Martin Luther King6 Federal State7 4, July8 baby boom四1 The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nortain Ireland.2 Tthe main causesof the Hundred Years’ War were partly territorial and partly economic.3 The primary sources of British law are: (1) Statutes of Parliament; (2) common law; (3) equity law; (4) European Community law.4 The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.5 The “ Lost Generation refers to those who are both physically and spiritually impotent.6 The first was to win the war; the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.7 (1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s;(2)Economic recession in the 70s;(3)Economic recovery in the 80s.8 The United state has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.9. Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.10 The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.五1Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday. It is an annual day of thanks for the blessings people have enjoyed during the year. The theme of thanksgiving has been peace and plenty, health and happiness.2The Civil Rights Act of 1964 It was signed into law by President Jonson in 1964. It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on thebasis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.六1：The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred toas Thatcherism. It included:(1)the return to private ownership of state-owned industries;(2)the use of monetarist polices to control inflation;(3)the weakening of trade union;(4)the strengthening of the role market forces in the economy;(5)an emphasis on law and order.2 The war, however, had great impact on the development of the United States.（1） The war made people realize the importance of a strong national government.（2） The war strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism.（ 3） For almost 10 years after the war, the Americans turned their attention to thedevelopment of the western part of the continent.（4） It made both Britain and Unites States realize that their disputes should be solve through negotiation..Pleasewrite any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.。
【word】《英语国家概况》期末复习提要
《英语国家概况》期末复习提要《英语国家概况》期末复习提要内蒙古电大责任教师宋慧文“英语国家概况”是中央广播电视大学英语专业的必修科目之一.本课程是通过英语阅读主要英语国家社会,文化背景材料,扩大知识面的文化知识课.所选教材是《英语国家社会文化入门》.本书分上下两册.上册内容包括英国部分l2章,澳大利亚部分4章和新西兰部分2章.每章都附有词汇表(V ocabulary),注释(Notes),本课重点(FCPoints),练习(Exercises)以及思考题(QuestionsforThought).通过学习本课程,学生应了解这三个国家的社会文化概貌,掌握这些国家的有关地理,历史,政治,经济,社会生活和文化传统的基本知识.具体而言,学生首先应认真通读各章的课文,借助课后的词汇表和注释,力求理解课文的基本内容,如:历史事件,社会背景,有关人物和时间地点等等.为帮助学生理解,注释部分不仅解释了课文中的难点,而且提供了一些必要的背景知识.本课重点部分列出课文的主要线索.这些内容是考查重点,学生复习时应尤其注意.练习部分共有三种题型:名词解释,填空和多项选择,目的是帮助学生进一步加深对课文的理解,并提供一个通过自我检测了解所学知识掌握程度的机会.书后附有标准答案.思考题是为了引导学生灵活运用所学知识,培养综合分析的能力.思考题不在考试范围之内.考试试题共分4个部分,所有考题内容不超过本教科书课文的范围.第一部分是选择题,2O小题,每题1分,共2O分,要求学生根据问题从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个正确答案.例如:问:WhichgroupofpeopleinBritain CANNOTvoteingeneralelections?选项为:[A]membersoftheHouseof Commons[B]LordsintheHouseofLords[C]theUKcitizensabovetheageof18[D]citizensoftheIrishRepubliclivingintheUK这是上册英国部分第4章”Polities”的内容,从课文中我们知道,英国上议院的议员是不能参加大选的,所以正确的选项应为[B], 有关A,B,C,D的内容都可以在”polities”这一章中找到.第二部分是填空题.每个空格为一题,2O个小题,每题1.5分,共3O分.例如: Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunder——,Britainhasgainedastrongposition intheoffshoreoilindustry.这是英国部分第5章”TheUK Economy”的内容,从课文中我们知道这是指英国北海的石油和天然气资源,所以正确答案应为”theNorthSea”.这一部分答题时除应注意内容的准确性外,还应注意拼写,大小写及定冠词,不定冠词等.如这题中的”the”就不能遗漏,否则会被扣分.第三部分是简答题.10个小题,每小题2分,共2O分.要求学生用一句话简答问题.例如:问题为:Howmanykindsofhorse—racingalethereinBritainandwhatalethey?这是英国部分第7章”SportsinBritain”的内容,在英国共有两种赛马比赛:平地赛马一8】一和障碍赛马.因为这一部分答题时要求用一句话回答,所以要用一句完整的句子,语法和拼写都要注意.这个问题的正确回答应该是: Therearetwokindsofhorse——racingin Britain:flatracingandsteeplechasing.这部分考题形式在教材练习中没有出现过,需要学生在学习过程中自己综合.但只要对课文重点内容熟悉,对其他练习熟悉,这部分考题也不难.第四部分是解释题,在8题中任选6题,每小题5分,共30分.要求学生用简洁的英语(不超过5句话)解释每个词语.这部分主要考查学生的综合概括表达能力,问题的主要点应该抓住,同时注意语法,用词等.例题目:CharlesDickens这是英国部分第6章”BritishLiterature’’中的内容.按要求,学生应把有关狄更斯的知识综合概括一下,分为几点来写:他是什么时代的人,在文学史上的地位,作品的特点,代表作等等,简单扼要地总结一下.因为评分时是按点给分的,所以回答要全面,同时也应注意语法结构.下面的答案可作参考: CharlesDickensisregardedaSoneofthe greatest19th—centuryEnglishwriters.(2分)Hisworksarecharactericedbyvividcomic characterizationandsocialcriticism.(2分)He wrotemanywell—knownnovels,including OliverTwist,A TaleofTwoCities,David Copperfield,tonalTlejustafew.(1分)《英语国家概况》模拟试题I,.Thereare20questionsinthispart. Eachquestionisfollowedbyfourchoices markedA,B,CandD.Choosethecorrect answertoeachofthequestionsandwrite youransweratthecorrespondingplaceonthe82一ANSWERSHEET.(20points)1.TheTowerofLondon.andhistorical sight,locatedinthecentreofLondon,WaS builtby.A.KingHaroldB.RobinHoodC.OliveCromwellD.WilliamtheConqueror2.1972WaStheworstyearofthe politicaltroublesinNorthemIrelandbecause ●._.,-._____.__-_●●●_一●A.13Catholicswereshotdeadbythe policeB.468peoplewerekilledinNorthem IrelandC.thegovemmentcarriedoutapolicy known aS”internment’’D.bloodykillingof468peoplefortified CatholieoppositiontotheBritishpresenceinNorthemIreland3.WhichofthefollowingisN0Ttrue abouttheBritishConstitution.*A.ItiSadocumentwhichlistsoutthe baSicprinciplesforgovemmentB.ItiSthefoundationofBritish governancetodayC.ConventionsandLawspassedby ParliamentarepartoftheConstitutionD.Thecoinmonlawsarepartofthe Constitution4.WhoiStheleaderoftheBritish Labourpartyatpresent?A.JohnMajorB.TonyBlairC.HaroldWilsonD.MargaretThatcher5.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheUKeconomyisN0Ttrue?A.BritainremainsoneoftheGroupof SevenlargeindustrialeconomiesB.Britainhasexperiencedarelative economicdeclinesince1945C.Therehasbeenaperiodofsteady decreasingoflivingstandardsD.Somesmallereconomieshave overtakentheUKintermsofoutputper capita6.WhichofthefollowingsportsWasnot inventedinBritain?A.FootballB.TennisC.ArcheryD.Cricket7.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout theGuyFawkes’Night?A.ItiscelebratedbyScottishpeoplein NovemberB.ItiscelebratedbyEnglishpeoplein NovemberC.ItiscelebratedbyScottishpeoplein AugustD.ItiscelebratedbyEnglishpeoplein August8.Whichofthefollowingschoolswouldadmitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheir academicabilitiesinBritain?prehensiveschoolsB.SecondaryschoolsC.IndependentschoolsD.Grammarschools9.Whichofthefollowingaboutclass systemintheUKisNoTtrue.9A.Peopleofdifferentclassestendtoread differentkindsofnewspaperB.CIass—divisionisonlydecidedby people’SincomeC.Th0ughsocialadvancementis possible,classaffectsaperson’slife—chancesD.Thewaypeoplespeakidentifies themselvestoparticularclass10.InBritain.thegreatmajorityof parentssendtheirchilderntoA.privateschoolsB.independentschoolsC.stateschoolsD.publicschools11.WhichofthefollowingisNOT characteristicofthehereditaryaristocracyin theUK?A.Thenobletitlescanbeinheritedby thechildrenB,Theyusuallyownhistorichousesin thecountryC.Theyaretherichestgroupofpeople intheUKD.Theseniormemberscanbelordsin theHouseofLords12.NowdaystheBritishforeignpolicyis largelyshapedbyitspraticipationinA.theCommonwealthB.theEuropeanEconomicCommunityC.theUnitedNations,theEuropean Union,UA T0,etcD.aEuropeanfederalgovernment13.WhichofthefollwingistheBritish oldestdailynewspaper?A.TheTelegraphB.TheNewsoftheWorldC.TheGuardianD.TheTimes14.WhichofthefollwoingisN0T consideredacharacteristicofLondon?A.TheculturalcentreB.ThebusinesscentreC.ThefinancialcentreD.Thesportscentre15.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheBritisParliamentiSNoTtrue?A.Parliamenthasnopowertochange 一83—thetermsoftheConstitutionB.Therearenolegalrestrainsupon ParliamentC.Parliamenthasthesupremepowerof passinglawsD.strictlyspeaking,theQueenispartof theParliament16.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisthecapitalofScotland?A.EdinburghB.GlasgowC.CardiffD.Manchester17.WhydidtheEnglishgovemment encouragepeoplefromScotlandandNorthem EnglandtoemigratetotheNorthofIrelandin the17thcentury?A.Theywanttoincreaseitscontrolover IrelandB.Theyhadtoomanypeopleanddidnot haveenoughspaceforthemC.Theyintendedtoexpandtheir investmentD.TheYbelievedthatIrelandWasthe bestplaceforthem18.Whichofthefollowingtwocountries areaheadofBritaininaerospaceindustry?A.TheU.S.andRussiaB.TheU.S.andGermanyC.FranceandRussiaD.GermanyandRussia19.WhichofthefollowingbooksiswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucer?A.BeowulfB.TheUsterCycleC.More tD’ArthurD.TheCanterburyTales20.Ⅵichofthefollowingistrulyasport oftheroyalfamily?A.CricketB.HorseracingC.GolfingD.Skiing1I.Theretitlealtogether15blanksinthe一84一followingsentences.Fillintheblanksandand writeyouransweratthecorrespondingplaces ontheANSWERSHEET.(30points) Britainconsistsof(21)——nations, including(22)——,(23)——,and(24) InBritain.theofficialheadofstateiS (25)——whiletherealcentreofpolitical lifeisin(26).Normally.aBritishgovemmentcanbein powerfor(27)——years,andthenishasto resighandholdageneralelection.In1979,theConservativePartyunder (28)——cameintopowerandcarriedouta programmeofprivatization.Since1945.theUKeconomyhas experienced(29)——declineratherthan (30)——decline. Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunderthe(31)——,Britainvhasgainedastrong positionintheoffshoreoilindustry. InBritain,parentscanchoosebetween sendingtheirchildrento(32)——schoolsor (33)——schools. Parentsfromwealthiermiddleclassin Britainprefertosendtheirchildrento(34) schoolsS0astohavebetter(35)——●Ⅲ.Theretitle10questionsinthispart. Answereachofthe sentenceandwrite correspondingplaceSHEET.(20points)36.WhatarecountriesoftheUK? questionsinonefull youranswerattheontheANSWER thefourconstituent37.Whichpartofthegovernmentinthe UKhasthepowertochangethetermsofthe Constitution?38.WhatarethetwobroadstylisticperiodsfortheBritishliteratureinthe20th century?39.Whichholidayisthebiggestandbest lovedBritishholiday?40.WhatdoesthenicknameOxbridge standfor?41.Whichtwoareasoftheworldhave suppliedthemajorityofBritishrecent immigrants?42.Whodecideonthegeneraldirection ofBritain’Sforeignpolicy?43.WhandidBritainiointheEuropean EconomicCommunity?44.WhichisthelargestcityinScotland?45.WhendopeopleinNorthernIreland CelebrateSt.PatrickDay?IV.Explaineachofthefollowing6outof8innomolethanfivesentences.Write youranswerattheappropriateplaceonthe -ANSWERSHEET.(3opoints)46.MargaretThatcher47.theBillofRightsof168948.theLabourPartyofBritain49.theBrontesisters50.theRoyalAscotprehensiveschoolsintheUK52.theAnglo—Saxons53.WilliamShakespeare参考答案I.Thereale20questionsinthispart. Eachquestioninfollowedbyfourchoices markedA-B-CandD.Chooesthecorrectansewertoeachofthequestionsandwrite youransweratthecorrespondingplaceonthe ANSWERSHEET.1.D2.A3.D4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.C1O.C11.C12.C13.D14.D15.A16.A17.A18.A19.D20.BⅡ.Therearealtogether15blandsinthe followingsentences.Fillintheblandsand writeyouransweratthecorrespondingplaces ontheANSWERSHEEI’.21.four22.Scotland23.walas24.NorthernIreland25.Queenfive26.theHouseofCommonsMargaret27.five28.Thatcher29.areative30.anabsolute31.NorthSea32.State33.Private34.privatecationllI.Thereare10questionsinthispart. AnswereachofthequestionsinonefIIllsentenceandwriteyouransweratthe correspondingplaceontheANSWER SHEEI’.36.Thefourconstituentcountriesofthe UK.TheyareEngland,Scotland,Wra1asand NorthernIreland.37.Parliamenthasthepowertochange thetermsoftheConstitution.38.Thetwobroadstylisticperiodsare ModernismandPostmodernism.39.Christmasisthebiggestandbest lovedBritishholiday.40.OxbridgestandsforOxford UniversityandCambridgeUniversity. 41.Thetwoare~1sareSouthAsiaand Caribbeancountries.42.ThePrimeMinisterandCabinet decideonthegeneraldirectionofBritain’S foreighpolicy.43.BritainjointheEurpeanEconomic Communityin1972.44.G1asgowisthelargestcityin一85—Scotland.45.PeopleinNorthernIrelandcelebrateSt.Patrick’sDayonMarch17.VI.Explaineachofthefollowing6outof8innomorethanfivesentences.Write youranswerattheappropriateplaceonthe ANSWERSHEI.46.MargaretThatchercalTleintopower asBritishfirstwomanPrimeMinisterin1979 whenherConservativepartywonthegeneral election.Sheadvocatedtheideaofsmal1 governmentandfree—marketeconomics. DuringhertermasthePrimeMinister,she carriedoutpoliciestoprivatizethenationalized industryandcuttaxrates.Asaresult,many businessesboomedbutemploymentrate increased.ShewaslaterreplacedbyJohn Majorin1990.47.In1688,KingJamesII’sdaughterMaryandherhusbandWilliamwereinvited bythepoliticiansandchurchauthoritiesto takethethrone,onconditionthattheywould respecttherightsofParliament.Afterthis GloriousRevolution,theBillofRightswas passedin1689toensurethattheKingnever beabletoignoreParliament.48.TheLaboutrPartyinoneofthetwo biggestpartiesintheUK.itisalsothenewest party,createdbythetradeunionmovementat theendofthe19thcentury.Itisasocialist party,believingthatasocietyshouldbe relativelyequalineconomicterms,andthat thegovernmentshouldredistributethewealth betweentherichandthepoor.Italsothinks thatthegovernmentshouldprovidearangeof publicservicesforallthepeople.49.TheBrontesistersarethedaughters一86一oftheviearofavillagechurchinY orkshireof England.Thoughtheywerepoor,theywereeducatedandrespectable.Theyalldiedyoung, butwererememberedlongaftertheirdeath fortheircontributiontoEnglish1iterature. Charlottewaswel1一knownforJaneEyreand EmilywasnotedforherWutheringHeights. Theyhadtousemalepseudonymsinorderto gettheirbookspublished.50.TheRoyalAscotisthebiggestsocial eventassociatedwithhorseracingintheUK. Peopledressupandgotoshowofftheir? fashionablechothesaswel1towatchtheraces. andplacetheirbets.Womenespeciallywear veryelaborateandexotichats.Thiseventgets muchattentionfromthemediaandthe public.prehensiveschoolsarethemost popularsecondaryschoolsinBritaintoday. Suchschoolsadmitchildrenwithoutreference totheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneral education.Pupilscanstudyeverythingfrom academicsubjectslikeliteraturetomore practicalsubjectslikecooking.52.TheAnglo—Saxonsweretwogroups ofGermanicpeopleswhosettleddownin Englandfromthe5thcentury.Theywere regardedastheansestorsoftheEnglishand thefoundersofEngland.53.WiIliamShakespearewasanEnglish dramatistandpoetintheElizabethanage.He? isgenerallyregardesasthegreatestplaywright inEnglishliterature.Hisplaysfallintothree categories:tragediessuchasHamlet,comedies suchasMerchantofV eniceandhistorical playsLikeCharlesII.。
《英语国家概况》英国`期末整理
The United KingdomStep1 The Country & People1、Geographical locationThe UK is an island country.The UK is located in the northwestern Europe.The UK is a country of island surrounded by North sea (to its east), Atlantic ocean (to its north), Irish sea (to its west and between Great Britain and Ireland), English Channel（英吉利海峡）and Strait of Dover（多佛尔海峡）(to its south).2、Common-sense knowledgeNational Anthem：《上帝保佑女王》"god save the queen"（男性君主为"god save the king"）National Flower：RoseThe Capital: London3、Area and populationArea: 244, 820 sqkmPopulation: 60.9 million(2008)The most densely populated area: England (84%)The least densely populated area: ScotlandThe least populated area: Northern Ireland (less than 3%)4、British Commonwealth (1931) P9 (expressing in English)British Commonwealth —Also known as the Commonwealth of Nations, it is an association comprising the United Kingdom and fifty or so former British colonies that are now sovereign states with a common allegiance to the British Crown, including Canada, Australia, India, and many countries in the West Indies and Africa. It was formally established by the Statute of Westminster in 1931. Among the members of the Commonwealth, sixteen sovereign states separately recognize Queen Elizabeth Ⅱas their monarch and are named the Commonwealth Realms. It includes the UK itself, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, among others.英联邦(Commonwealth of Nations)，是以英国为主导的国家联合体，由英国及其自治领和其他已独立的前殖民地、附属国组成，由54个主权国家（含属地）所组成，成员大多为前大英帝国的殖民地或附属国。
《英语国家概况》期末复习题(含答案)
英语国家概况》期末复习题（含答案）（第I卷客观题共45 分）I.选择题（共30 分; 每题 1 分）U.K.1. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ___ . DA. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude2. The policies of the Conservative Party in Great Britain are characterized by pragmatism and .DA. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism3. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.4. Cabinet members are chosen by __ in Britain. BA. the monarchB. the Prime MinisterC. the ArchbishopD. the Lord Chancellor5. English belongs to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of languages.6. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.7. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ___ . AA. Trooping the ColorB. Queen 's Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime8. Among Britain q'uasl ity press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigT hree withthe exception of TheObserver.9. In 2012, Britain had a population of about 63 million.10. The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland.11. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that, “ Britain and the USnittaetde s willstand side by side ”.12. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it __ . AA. set up the National Health ServicesB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development13. Margaret Thatcher go'v s ernment introduced the biggest changes in British economic policysince World War II.14. Charles Dickens is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19 th century.15. The three principle features of the climate of Britain are the following EXCEPT ___ . CA. the frequent fog in winterB. the large number of rainy daysC. extreme coldness even in summerD. changeability all the year round16. Samuel Johnson 'dsic tionary was influential in establishing a standard form of spelling inEnglish.17. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek wordsto English.18. _ was not among the four self-governing dominions in the British Empire. CA. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IndiaD. the Union of South Africa19. Of the following sectors in Britain, service industry has experienced spectacular growthC. RepresentativeD. Senatorsince the end of World War II.20. Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in Britain. 21. Writers of _____ literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than withreason and intellect. C A. Renaissance B. Neo-ClassicalC. RomanticD. Victorian22. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of ___ . CA. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster23. Tourists from all over the world come to enjoy the beauty of Scottish scenery, to drink Scotchwhisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts .24. The ___ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. C A. Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C. Norman ConquestD. adoption of common law25. Commonwealth Day is an annual event celebrated on the second Monday in March each year. 26. Such big cities as Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield and Newcastle are famous for the __ .DA. oil industryB. car industryC. shipping companiesD. coalfields27. During the 15 th and 16 th centuries an intellectual movement known as ____ swept Europe.___ was the greatest playwright of the world produced in this period in England. D A. Romance, Geoffrey Chaucer B. Christianity, George Bernard Shaw C. Italian literary influence, SonnetD. Renaissance, Shakespeare28. Aestheticism is the belief that artists have no obligation other than to strive for beauty--- “art forart 's sake ”. The most important representative of Aestheticism is _________ . B A. Thomas Hardy B. Oscar Wilde D. William Butler Yeats29. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII 'effso rt todivorce his wife .U.S.31. The U.S. lies in central North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlanticto its east and the Pacific to its west .32. “No taxation without representation w ”as the rallying slogan before the War of Independence . 33. The Constitution of the United States tries to give each branch enough power to balance theothers .34. The following except the right to get into people 's house a b re y g p u o a li r c a e nteed inthe Billof Rights.35. Of the following persons, the ____ can NOT make legislative proposal in the U.S. A A. Secretary of StateC. Virginia Woolf30. ___ is viewed as Romantic poetry A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud C. “ Preface to Lyrical Ballads 's “ Declaration ofIndepCendence ” B. Don Juan D. Prometheus UnboundB. President36. Of the following subjects, politics and business education are NOT offered to elementary school students inthe U.S.37. Abraham Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation to grant freedom to all the slaves in the U.S.38. The terms for a Senator and a Representative in the U.S. are six and two years respectively.39. The National Day of the United States falls on July 4th.40. Washington Irving is regarded as “the father of American literature ”.41. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard University.42. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in Lexington.43. The symbol of the Democratic Party is a/an donkey, and a/an elephant represents the Republican Party.44. The eastern part of the United States consists of the highlands formed by the AppalachianRange and the western part consists of high plateaus and the Rocky Mountains.45. Alaska is the largest state in the whole United States and Texas is the largest state in the part of the U.S. thatis on the mainland.46. In the United States, the Bill of Rights guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedoms.47. The modern American economy progressed from ___ to ___ , and eventually, to ___ . BA. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyC. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy48. The Supreme Court in the United States is composed of nine justices.49. The characteristic of dominant American culture is ___ . BA. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classB. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classD. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class50. The following inventions took place during the “ secondi ndustrial revolution e”xc ept refrigerator.51. Of the following, __ is NOT a characteristic of Mark Twain 'Cs works.A. a realistic viewB. a sense of humorC. an idealistic viewD. colloquial speech52. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at Jamestown in Virginia.53. America produces a major p ortion of the world 's products in the following fields e o x il c. ept54. F. Scott Fitzgerald 's finest novel is _____ , and its theme is about D _ .A. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfB. TenderistheNight , loveC. TheBeautifulandtheDamned , the evil of human natureD. TheGreatGatsby, the American Dream55. Of the following books, ___ is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway. CA. A Farewell to ArmsB. ForWhomtheBellTollsC. TheSoundandtheFuryD. The Sun Also Rises56. The policy of the United States was __ at the beginning of the two world wars. CA. appeasementB. full involvementC. neutralityD. partial involvement 57. The first people on the American continent came from ___ as early as ___ thousand yearsago. C A. Asia, 2 B. Europe, 2 C. Asia, 20 D. Europe, 2058. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of ___ . A A. Alexander Hamilton B. Andrew Jackson C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson59. Of the following universities, Massachusetts Institute of Technology has NOT cultivated any American Presidents yet. 60. Of the following writers, ___ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A A. Alice Walker B. Ernest Hemingway C. Eugene O ' Neil D. William Faulkner 61. The following except ___ are all powers of the U.S. President. B A. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur B. making lawsC. issuing executive ordersD. vetoing any bills passed by Congress62. Since 1959, the United States has been a country of 50 states.63. Chicago is the third largest city in the United States. It serves as the main connection between the easterncoast cities and the West.64. The distribution of the population in the U.S. is rather uneven. The most densely populatedAB. southeastern D. northwesternto tackle the economic depression in the 1930s B. new dealD. “ Great Society ” policyAustralia66. As an ideal place for investments, Australia' s foreign capital mainl J y a c p o a m n e a s n f d ro mthe United States .th67. January 26th, 1788 is the date celebrated as Australia Day. 68. _ is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia. B69. The first time that Australia developed a foreign policy independent of Britain was ___ . D A. after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia B. after World War IIC. during the Great Depression of the 1930sD. during the Pacific War in World War II70. Australia ' s economy depends largely on ______ . C A. agriculture B. manufacturing C. foreign tradeD. tourism71. The Howard government 'fosr eign policy was based on relations with four key countries, namely in Australia.BA. the U.S., Japan, Britain, ChinaB. the U.S., Japan, China, IndonesiaC. the U.S., Japan, Britain, IndonesiaD. the U.S., Britain, China, Indonesia 72. Australian system of teaching and school discipline put emphasis on the following exceptregion is the ___ part of the country. A. northeastern C. southwestern 65. President Roosevelt, in his attemptintroduced his famous ___ . B A. neutrality policy C. new monetarist policiesA. Federal government C. Territory assembliesB. State governments D. Municipal government__ . CA. learning by discovery and questioningB. self-disciplineC. outward disciplineD. encouraging student ' s interest in learning73. Canberra is Australia 's capital.74. In 2013, the population of Australia was about ___ million. AA. 22.9B. 33.9C. 40.9D. 5075. _ is renowned for its unique plant and animal species. It is estimated that there arearound 20,000 to 25,000 different plants native to the land. AA. AustraliaB. CanadaC. The United KingdomD. The United States76. Most anthropologists believe that the Aborigines in Australia migrated from ________ at least50,000 years ago. CA. east AsiaB. south AsiaC. southeast AsiaD. North Asia77. The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ___ . DA. 1847B. 1885C. 1900D. 190178. Australia is a leading supplier of ___ to international markets. DA. agricultural productsB. hi-tech productsC. industrial productsD. mineral resourcesCanada79. The Governor General holds the highest position in the Canadian parliamentary system.80. The ___ is the largest political party in Canada. AA. Liberal PartyB. Conservative PartyC. Canadian Labor CongressD. New Democratic Party Canada is the second largest country in the world.81. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and Ottawa is the capital city.82. _ recognized Quebec as a “ distinct soAciety ” .A. The Meech Lake AccordB. The Quebec ActC. The Constitutional ActD. The British North America Act83. The influence of __ has declined gradually in Parliament in today D ' s Canada.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Canadian Labor CongressC. the Cooperative Commonwealth FederationD. the New Democratic Party84. Kim Campbell was Canada ' s first woman Prime Minister.85. In Canada, the largest religious denomination is the Roman Catholic Church.86. If applicants meet the basic requirements for an immigrant to Canada, they need to do the following except .AA. applying for citizenshipB. taking a medical examC. paying an application feeD. paying a landing fee87. The Great Lakes on the border between Canada and the U.S. are the largest group of freshwater lakes in theworld.88. The name “ Canada ” is said to have derived from the Huron word“ Kanata ”, meaningC A. ocean B. north C. villageD. ice89. In 1497, the voyage led by an Italian captain discovered the eastern shores of Canada, which was claimed as Newfoundland .90. In the early ____ , both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada. C A. 1400sC. 1600s91. After the famous Seven Yearsunder ____ control. B A. Britain, FrenchC. Spain, IndianB. 1500sD. 1700s' War, ____ lost all of its colonies, and the whole Canada cameB. France, British D. India, Spanish92. With the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada was recognized as an equalpartner of Britain.II. 读图题 （共 5分; 每题 1 分）III. 判断题 （共 10 分; 每题 1 分） U.K.1.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. T2. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. T3. London is one of the three principal financial centers of the world. T4. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. F5. The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. T6. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended thefruit of the Religious Reformation. T7. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. T 8. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history. F 9.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. F10. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economicdevelopment in Britain.F11. Hamlet depicts the hero ' s struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need toavenge his father ' s muTrder.12. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. T13. Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer Iliad . T ' s14. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy. T15. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height in Britishliterature. FU.S.16. Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November. F17. San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland arelocated there. F18. Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and he devised a poetic style, free verse. T19. The United States is the fifth most populous nation in the world, ranking behind China, India, Brazil and SouthAfrica. F20. During Clinton 'tesrm , the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment. T21. According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for theterrorist event on September 11, 2001. F22. The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade. F23. In the United States, certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress. T24. New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States, and it is also one of the three principaleconomic centers in the world. T25. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation. T26. The U.S. congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the Houseof Commons and the House of Lords. F27. The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the U.S. continental territory. F28. President Roosevelt ' s New Deal had little effect in dealinigth w the economic crisis in theearly 1930s. F29. Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin are two sources of American literary spirit. T30. The Democratic Party of the U.S. is conservative in terms of its ideology. F Australia31. The Australian Constitution can be changed either by government ' s will or by referendum.F32. Australia Day is on January 26th. T33. Since Australia has a vast cultivable area, it has become the world 'lesa ding exporter of agricultural products.F34. In World War I, all members of the Australian armed forces who served overseas were volunteers. T35. For Australian citizens over the age of 16, it is compulsory to vote at election time. FCanada36. Canada is the third largest country in the world in terms of territory. F37. Multilingualism and multiculturalism are characteristics of Canadian culture. T38. Laval University is the largest institution in Canada, while University of Toronto is the oldest one. F39. Quebec separated from Canada and established a French-speaking nation in the 1960s. F40. The Canadian government is responsible to the King or Queen of Britain. F1. D2. B3. A4. C5. E6. FGroup Three:British Literary PeriodsA. The Modern PeriodB. The Victorian PeriodC. The RenaissanceD. The Middle English PeriodE. The Romantic PeriodF. The Neo-Classical Period1. D2. C3. F4. E5. B6. A )II. 配对题（共20分; 每题 2 分）试卷上会出 2 组，每组 5 题。
英语国家概况知识.doc
英语国家概况知识测试英国部分1.The Northernmost part of Great Britain is _____.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. ScotlandD. England2. The person from the British royal family who gave up the throne for the sake of love and marriage was_______.A. Duke of WindsorB. Duke of YorkC. Duke of CanterburyD. Duke of Lancaster3. In the middle of the 19th century wars were fought between China and Britain, known as ____.A. the Heroin WarB. the Cocaine WarC. the Opium WarD. the Marihuana War4. The national anthem of Britain is ___.A. March of the V olunteersB. MarseillaiseC. God Save the King/QueenD. The Star-Spangled Banner5. The non-elected house of the British Parliament is _____.A. House of LordsB. House of CommonsC. House of RepresentativesD. House of Senate6. How often is the general election of members of Parliament for the House of Commons?A. Every 9 years.B. Every 7 years.C. Every 5 years.D. Every 3 years.7. What is (are) the nick name(s) of Britain?A. John Bull.B. The British Lion.C. The Sun-Never-Set Empire.D. All of the above8. Which of the following is NOT a building in Britain?A. Westminster Abbey.B. Crystal PalaceC. Tate GalleryD. Radio City Music Hall.9. “ The great wen” refers to _______.A. New YorkB. LondonC. ParisD. Sydney10. The chairman who presides over meetings and debates in the House of Commons is officially called the ______.A. ChairmanB. ChancellorC. SpeakerD. President11. Edinburgh is the capital city of _____.A. WalesB. IrelandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland12. The longest river in Britain is _____, which is 354 kilometers long.A. River TayB. River ThamesC. River SevernD. River Mersey13. The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is only ____ kilometers.A. 33B. 32C.31D.3014. The election of 1979 returned the ____ Party to power in Britain.A. LiberalB. FreeC. LaborD. Conservative15. The Industrial Revolution began ____in Britain.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. last16. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy” the head of State is _____.A. presidentB. prime ministerC. chairmanD. king/ queen17. The law-making body —the legislature—in Britain is _____.A. CongressB. National People’s CongressC. ParliamentD. Conference18. The British Crown Prince must be _____.A. Prince CharmingB. Prince of EnglandC. Prince of ScotlandD. Prince of Wales19. There are ___ state churches in Britain.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five20. The Queen or King of Britain is the defender of _____.A. ChristianityB. Roman CatholicismC. IslamD. Judaism美国部分21. What is (are) the nickname(s) of the U.S.A?A. Uncle Sam.B. Brother Jonathan.C. Yankee.D. All of the above22. Name the largest freshwater lake in the world.A. Erie.B. Ontario.C. Superior.D. Michigan.23. America celebrates its National Day on _____.A, July 4 B. June 4 C. July 14 D. June 1424. In which city was President John F. Kennedy assassinated in 1963?A. San Francisco, California.B. Washington, D.C.C. Seattle, Washington.D. Dallas, Texas25. Give the names of the two American presidents who were assassinated during their presidency.A. John Kennedy and Franklin Roosevelt.B. Abraham Lincoln and John Kennedy.C. Abraham Lincoln and Ronald Reagan.D. Ronald Reagan and Franklin Roosevelt.26. Which sport is supposed to be America’s national sport and used to be called “Americans’ favorable pastime”?A. Baseball.B. Basketball.C. RugbyD. Cricket.27. What was the name of the first man who walked on the moon?A. Neil Armstrong.B. Eugene O’Neal.C. Louise Strong.D. Van Gau.28. Which city is called Motor city?A. Detroit.B. ChicagoC. Boston.D. Denver29. What is the American national anthem?A. March of the V olunteersB. MarseillaiseC. God Save the King/QueenD. The Star-Spangled Banner30. Name the two major political parties of U.S.A.A. The National Party and the Free Party.B. The Labor Party and the Conservative Party.C. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party.D. The People’s Party and the Union Party.31. How many branches of government are outlined in the U.S.A.?A. Four.B. Three.C. Two.D. One.32. Which two lakes dowse the Niagara Falls connect?A. Erie and Ontario.B. Michigan and Ontario.C. Superior and Huron.D. Erie and Superior33. In which university did the first computer come into being?A. Stanford University.B. Princeton University.C. Pennsylvania University.D. Harvard University.34. When did China and the United States of America normalize their diplomatic relations?A. In 1972B. In 1975 B. In 1977 D. In 197935. The smallest state in terms of size in the U.S.A. is _____.A. NevadaB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maine36. What is meant by CIA?A. Central Intelligence Agency.B. Communication Information Association.C. Cultural Institute of Australia.D. Concentration of Investigation Application.37. What city in the U.S.A. is considered the birthplace of jazz music?A. Salt Lake City.B. Boston.C. Seattle.D. New Orleans38. Name the river that flows by Washington D.C., on which the capital of the U.S.A. is located.A.Colorado.B. Potomac.C. Columbia.D. Missouri.39. The American Negro leader who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1964 and assassinated in 1968 was ______.A. Martin LutherB. Toni MorrisonC. Martin Luther KingD. Nelson Mandela40. What is the name of the American national flag?A. The Star-Spangled Banner.B. The Stars and Stripes.C. The Old GloryD. All of the above.41. The Great Plain along the Mississippi River is known as the ____.A. American Wine JarB. American GranaryC. American GardenD. American Fishing Center42. One of the most famous national parks in the US is the ______.A, Yellowstone National Park B. Hyde ParkC. Kakadu National ParkD. Rose Garden43. Which of the following is NOT a place in the USA?A. Empire State Building.B. Fifth Avenue.C. Trafalgar SquareD. United Nations Plaza.加拿大部分44. What country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. United States of America.B. United Kindom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.C. New Zealand.D. Canada.45. The national anthem of Canada is ______.A. Canada The BeautifulB. O CanadaC. God Defend CanadaD. Advance Canada Fair46. The capital city of Canada is ______.A. MontrealB. TorontoC. AlbertD. Ottawa47. According to the Official Language Act of Canada, there are two official languages in this country: they are _____.A. English and SpanishB. English and PortugueseC. English and FrenchD. English and Celtic48. Canada is a world ____ producer of nickel, zinc, and asbestos…A. primaryB. secondC. thirdD. fourth49. The highest peak in Canada is _____, which is in the Yukon Territory of northwest Canada.A. Mount LawrenceB. Mount SuperiorC. Mount LoganD. Mount Huron50. Apart from Paris, France, Montreal is regarded as the largest ____ city in the world, known as “Paris the Second”.A. Spanish-speakingB. Portuguese-speakingC. German-speakingD. French-speaking51. ____, the third largest city in Canada, is well known as Ice-Free Harbor.A. MontrealB. QuebecC. TorontoD. Vancouver52. Canada is the world’s ____country in terms of land area.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest53. In Canada, nearly _____ of the land has no permanent population.A. 90%B. 89%C. 88%D.87%54. The Canadian federal state was established in _____.A. 1847B. 1857C. 1867D. 187755. The Queen is represented in Canada by the Governor-General, who is appointed on the recommendation of the _____.A. PresidentB. SpeakerC. Prime MinisterD. Chancellor56. It was ______ who established the settlement in Canada in 1608.A. John CabotB. ChamplainC. Jacques CartierD. Henry Hudson57. Canada ranks thirty-____ in population in the world.A. fourthB. thirdC. secondD. first58. The largest university in Canada is ______ University.A. LavalB. QuebecC. TorontoD. Montreal59. The largest university in Canada is _____ University.A. LavalB. QuebecC. TorontoD. Montreal60. A survey of Canadian leisure activities showed that _____ was the most popular form of recreation in the summer.A. tennisB. swimmingC. golfD. baseball澳大利亚部分61. What are the two animals that Australia is most famous for?A. Emu and possum.B. Echidna and platypus.C. Possum and wombat.D. Kangaroo and koala.62. The modern bay Sydney used to be known as ____.A. Port Jackson.B. Sydney HarborC. Argentia BayD. Wharf Peters63. The native people of Australia who probably came from somewhere in Asia at least 30,000 years ago are known as ____.A. GypsiesB. AboriginesC. MaorisD. Pygmies64. Australia is the ____ largest country in the world.A. forthB. fifthC. sixthD. seventh65. Australia is made up of _____ states and two territories.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. seven66. The national plant of Australia is ____.A. mulberry treeB. wattleC. eucalyptusD. sequoia67. _____, is the national anthem of Australia since 1984.A. Fair Australia, AdvanceB. Australia Fair, AdvanceC. Advance Australia FairD. Advance Fair Australia68. There are____ stars on the Australian National Flag.A. 9B. 8C. 7D. 669. The capital city of Australia is _____.A. CanberraB. SydneyC. MelbourneD. Darwin70. Koala in the Aboriginal language means ____.A. “I can’t see”B. “I don’t drink”C. “I don’t want to tell you”D. “I don’t know”71. The Australian population is still mainly of ____ descent.A. GermanB. FrenchC. AmericanD. British72. It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia’s shores were the _____.A. PortugueseB. GermanC. FrenchD. British73. It was _____, an English navigator and explorer, who finally put Australia on the map.A. William DampierB. James CookC. Dirk HartogD. Abel Tasman74. Australia’s National Day is celebrated on _____.A. January 23B. January 24C. January 25D. January 26新西兰部分75. New Zealand’s icon, the kiwi, is a biological oddity, small, _____, and largely nocturnal.A. flightlessB. featherlessC. fearlessD. funless76. New Zealand has two national anthems ____.A. Star-Spangled Banner and God Save the QueenB. God Save the Queen and God Defend New ZealandC. O New Zealand and Advance New Zealand FairD. Advance New Zealand Fair and God Defend New Zealand77. New Zealand is made up of two islands _____.A. the East and the WestB. the Long and the ShortC. the Wide and the NarrowD. the South and the North78. Maoritanga means _____, the Maori way of life and view of the world.A. MaoritabooB. MaoricultureC. MaorivoodooD. Maoritotem79. New Zealand follows the _____ Parliamentary system with some variations.A. FrenchB. CanadianC. BritishD. New Zealand80. In New Zealand, ____ is the most widespread religion.A. BuddhismB. JudaismC. CatholicismD. Christianity81. Which of the following is NOT true about New Zealand?A. It is the world’s largest exporters of meat.B. It is the world’s largest exporters of wool.C. It is the world’s largest exporters of cotton.D. It is the world’s largest exporters of dairy products.82. The first European to visit New Zealand was a(n) ____, Abel Tasman, who reached South Island in 1642.A. EnglishmanB. GermanC. SpaniardD. Dutchman83. The size of New Zealand is similar to that of ___.一寸光阴不可轻A. AmericaB. FranceC. BritainD. Spain84. In 1893 New Zealand became the _____ country to give women the right to vote.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth85. The red pohutukawa is called New Zealand Christmas tree because it flowers in _____.A. AprilB. JuneC. SeptemberD. December86. The marae —the ____ house and the land around it —is the focus of Maori community life.A. meetingB. storeC. publicD. training87. _____, the anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, is celebrated as New Zealand National Day or Waitangi Day.A. February 6B. June 6C. October 6D. May 688. New Zealand is just west of the International Date Line, so it is the first country to get _____.A. frozenB. wetC. the new dayD. united89. Which of the following is NOT a city in New Zealand?A. Christchurch.B. Palmerston North.C. Dunedin.D. Brisbane.90. Where is Edinburgh?A. In WalesB. In ScotlandC. In Northern IrelandD. In Ireland91. Which of the following is NOT a U.S. news and cable network?A. ABCB. CNN.C. CBSD. BBC11。
(2020年整理)英语国家概况(2)期末复习题.doc
英语国家概况（2）期末复习题一．Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F):( ) 1. New Zealand is made up of a large group of islands.( ) 2. In size, New Zealand is similar to Japan plus the British Isles. ( ) 3. Most of New Zealanders live cities and towns with more people living is the South Island than the South Island.( ) 4. Maori people have given up their cultural tradition and have adopted many aspects of western life.( ) 5. New Zealanders are keen to get involved in environmental protection. ( ) 6. The question "What is an American?" was first asked by J. Hector St.John de Crevecoeur.( ) 7. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.( ) 8. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. . ( ) 9. Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated themselves from theRoman Catholic Church.( )10. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers.( )20. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive.( )21. The two biggest political parties in Canada are the Reform Party andthe Liberal Party.( )22. The Constitution Act was introduced by Brian Mulroney to ensure Canadians' legalrights.( ) 23. The Meech Lake Accord was set to recognize Quebec as a "distinct society".( ) 24. It was Pierre Trudeau's government that signed the NAFTA.( )25. Jean Chretien introduced the Bilingualism Act to promote the respect, understandingand preservation of different cultures in Canada.( ) 26. The Progressive Conservative Party and the Reform Party merged into the ConservativeParty in 2003.( )27. The first computers were enormous in size and consumed great quantities of electricity.( )28. Radio was a place where lots of advertisements were placed for products to feed a growing consumerism in America merging after WorldWar l.( ) 29. The original idea was to connect computers was for educational and commercial uses.( ) 30. What motivated most scientists and engineers in America to develop an atomic bomb in the first place was to prevent Japan from using sucha device.( )31. The Internet is a global set of documents, images and other resources and refers to all of the publicly accessible websites in the world. ( )32. The Apollo 11 mission landed men on the moon for the first time in human history.二. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers thequestion:( ) 1. The Head of State of New Zealand is _______.A. the Prime MinisterB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Ombudsman( ) 2. Which of the following is NOT a function of Parliament?A. Enacting laws .B. Supervising the government's administration.C. Receiving petitions from citizens.D. Forming a government.( ) 3. Public servants are officials working in government departmentsA. whose appointments are independent of political process.B. whose appointments are determined by government ministers.C. who will lose their positions when the government changes.D. who are members of the party in power.( ) 4. The three levels of local government are____________.A. regional councils, District Courts and community boardsB. the High Court, District Courts and Dispute TribunalsC. regional councils, territorial authorities and community boardsD. regional councils, city councils and community boards( ) 5 Which of the following is true about the private schools in New Zealand?A. They provide distance education.B. They mainly admit students with special educational anddevelopmental difficulties.C. They are often not co-educational.D. They mainly teach religious courses.( ) 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the major exports of New Zealand?A. Dairy products.B. Fish.C. Wool.D.Oil.( ) 7 . Which of the following is NOT one of the major imports of New Zealand?A. Fruit.B. Machinery.C. Vehicles.D. Mineralfuels.( )8. New Zealand's trade has______ of exports going to Pacific Rim members of theAPEC grouping.A. 90%B. 70%C. 50%D. 30%( )9. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the stateof ____ .A. New YorkB. Rhode IslandC. ConnecticutD. Georgia( )10. The "American system" of mass production was first used inA. car industryB. textile industryC. firearms industryD. agriculture( )11. The United States had the first standard paper currency in _.A. 1839B. 1880C. 1863D. 1913( )12. In which year was the United States rated No.1 in terms of production capacity in the world?A. 1920.B. 1950.C. 1945.D. 1960.( )13. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?A. Banking.B. Management consultation.C. Airline.D. Steelmaking.( )14. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March onWashington of August28,1 963 when _ delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech.A. John F. KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Martin Luther King, Jr.D. Mario Savio( )15. In January 1965, President Johnson declared "__" to eliminate poverty "by openingto everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity."A. war against VietnamB. war on povertyC. war against JapanD. New Frontierprogram( )16. Unlike Martin Luther King, __ the chief spokesperson of Black Muslims advocatedviolence in self defense and black pride.A. Malcolm XB. Stokely CarmichaelC. Ella BakerD. James Farmer( )17. During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality wasknown as __ to integrate interstate buses and bus stations in theSouth.A. free speechB. sit-ins at lunchcountersC. teach-ins at interstate train stationsD. freedom rides( )18. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India's leader Gandhi,____was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.A. John F. KennedyB. James FarmerC Ella BarkD Martin Luther King, Jr ( )19. Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?A. "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."B. "Blood, sweat,and toil."C. "Freedom, equality, and spirituality."D. "Eat, drink, andbe merry."( )20. Which of the following was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's main concern?A. Health care.B. Personalfreedom.C. Material wealth.D. Socialjustice.( )21. According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw. What is it?A. America did not decay.B. America is highlydemocratic.C. America is not open to change.D. America is excessivelyindividualistic.( )22. The Internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today. Which one is NOT?A. No one is reliably in charge.B. The WWW has no center.C. Each individual is responsible for what he or she takes seriously.D. People can freely download MP3 music.( )23. Which of the following institutions is responsible for the making of the Internet?A. The US military.B. The USentertainment industry.C. The US film industry.D. The US educationsector.( )24. Which of the following statements about Canada is true?A. Canada has the highest standard of living in the world.B. Canada is the second biggest economy among the G-7.C. Contrast to its physical size, Canada has a small population.D. Unlike the United States, Canada has scarce natural resources.( )25. Which of the following about the north region is NOT true?A. The north is a scarcely populated area of ice and oceans.B. Most of the inhabitants are Aboriginal people.C. The north has rich oil and gas deposits.D. People in this region depend only on arts and crafts for living. ( )26. Where is Lake Louise located?A. In the northern Arctic tundra.B. On the Canadian-Americanborder.C .On the east coast D. In the Rockies.( )27. What is the economic mainstay of British Columbia?A. The forestry industry.B. The hydroelectricindustry.C. Mining industry.D. Manufacturing industry. ( )28. Which of the following is NOT one of the prairie provinces?A. Alberta.B. Saskatchewan.C. New Brunswick.D. Manitoba.( )29. What is the other official language besides English in Canada?A. German.B. Japanese.C. French. .D. Finnish.( )30. In the late 19th century, Chinese labourers came to Canada to .A. work as farmers and minersB. build the railroadC. do fur tradeD. open shops( )31. Which of the following group would fit easily into Canada according to the Canadian policymakers?A. Britons.B. Japanese.C. Ukranians.D. Mexicans.( )32. According to the text, when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbour in 1941, who considered the Japanese population in the west coast of NorthAmerica a potential security threat?A. The federal government of Canada.B. The local governments in Canada.C. The United Nations.D. Amnesty International.( )33. In Vancouver schools, it is estimated that more than half of the students speak _ .A. EnglishB. FrenchC. Mandarin ChineseD. Cantonese三Fill in the blank:1. New Zealand is in the _______________ Ocean. _____________ is its nearestlarge neighbor.2. Seasons in New Zealand are opposite to the __________ hemisphere, with thehighesttemperature in the months of January and February and the lowesttemperature in themonth of______________.3. There had been no __________ except bats in New Zealand until about 1000 years ago.However, some remarkable species of flightless birds had occupied the land and some ofthem have survived to this day. Among them is _____________, the bird that has given NewZealanders their name since it is the national symbol of the country. 4. The official languages in New Zealand are__________________, _____________andNew Zealand Sign Language.5, New Zealand's long ___________ from other landmasses has made possible the evolutionof unique flora and fauna.6. "WASP" stands for _______________.7. The Great Awakening of the 1740s tried to breathe new feeling and strengthinto religion,and.cut across the lines of _______________.8. According to John Locke, the right to govern comes from an agreement or______________voluntarily entered into by free people.9．_____________believes that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle hisown affairs.10. The majority of the Catholics in the US are descendants of immigrants from____________,_____________________________ and Poland.11._________________and ____________are the two major writers of thepost-Revolutionary period.12. "The Masque of the Red Death" and "The Fall of the House of Usher" werestories writtenby __________________.13. In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a noveltitled_______________________ , which intensified the political debate on slavery.14. Mark Twain's ________________is considered the greatest novel in Americanliterature.15.Upton Sinclair's novel __________________exposed the horrible lives ofmeat-packing factory workers.16. Canada consists of _________________ provinces and ____________________territories. But mostCanadians live in the south of the country, along the 49th parallel.17. Canada is quite a new country, it first became a political entityin___________________ when fourprovinces -- Quebec, Ontario; ______________ and Nova Scotia joined together.18. Canada's motto is that the country stretches "from sea to sea", with the________________ Oceanon the west coast and the ________________ Ocean on the east coast. 19. Canada and the United States have good relations, and they share thelongest ____________________inthe world.20. In the north of Canada, during the height of summer the sun does not set,therefore it is sometimescalled __________________.21. Canada preferred to establish a nation based on________________,____________________ and good government .22. Canada's political system was greatly influenced by the two major foreign forces:___________________________And __________________________.23. Most of the Canadian population is concentrated in_______________________ and Quebec, which have the most seats and therefore have the most power in_________________________.24. Canada's system of government was based on the British system ofparliamentary democracy. The Canadian Parliament is divided into a lower house named _________________________and ,an upper house called_____________________.25 The official head of Canada is________________________. As she doesn't live in Canada, she is representedby an official called ____________.四．Tell what you know about the following in your own words:1. The North Island2. George Washington3. A federal system4. Mark Twain5. The civil rights movement6. The WWW7. The Cold War 8.Central Canada。
《英语国家概况》期末复习资料
UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyUTIL101. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is ______B_________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public and private institutions of higher learning in the U.S.A. noB. significantC. someD. not much7. The community college ______B_________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. covers ___C____ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 14。
整理英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点
整理英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点I.Fill in the blanks. (20 points, 1 point for each)II.Multiple choice questions. (20 points, 1 point for each)III.True or False. (10 points, 1 point for each)IV.Explain the following terms: (25 points, 5 points for each) V.Answer the questions. (25 points, 5 points for each)填空、选择和判断正误部分：关注所学英美国家内容中的重点史实和重要知识要点。
名词解释部分：1.British CommonwealthAlso known as the Commonwealth of Nations.a)It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.b)It was established in 1931, replacing the former British Empire.c)Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements.d)Today there are about 50 member countries within the Commonwealth2. Lake PoetsThe Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England and were inspired by it to create romantic works at the turn of the 19th century. The three poets of the Lakes School were William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey.3.Black DeathIt was a disease or plague spread by rat fleas in 14th century .It spread through Europe in the middle of 14th centuryand reached England in the summer of 1348.Many people died and the population of England shrank .It caused labor shortage and other social problems .4.Julius CaesarGaius Julius Caesar (100 BC –44 BC) was a Roman general, historian and statesman. He invaded Britain (55BC), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48BC), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen (47BC), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator until he was murdered (44BC).5.King ArthurA Romano-Briton warrior, between AD 400 and AD 600, King Arthur was a legendary British leaderof the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Romano-Celtic Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.6.Margaret ThatcherShe was the first woman Prime Minister in British history. She had her administration for two terms (1979-1990). She gained her reputation as the "iron lady" for her tight control of Brita in’s monetary policy. Mrs. Thatcher really gained prosperity of Britain in 1980s. Under ten years of her ministry, Britain was beginning to come to terms with the loss of much of its heavy industry and the increasing reliance of finance, communications, oil, insurance, tourism, accounting and other service industries.7.Elizabeth IElizabeth I (1533 –1603) was Queen regnant of England andIreland from 1558 until her death.Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.Despite her own Protestant background ,she succeeded in putting to rest the religious issue .Furthermore, her government was effective in reducing the power of the old nobility ,expanding the power of her government ,and effecting common law and administration throughout England .Outside of England ,the English reached farther than before through trade and adventure .The Elizabethan Era also witnessed the English Renaissance ,the cultural and artistic movement that was associated with the pan-European Renaissance originating in northern Italy in the 14th century.8.Grammar SchoolA grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in theUnited Kingdom and some other English-speaking countries. Originally meant to educate the young in Latin grammar and that of another European language .These schools in modern UK are intended to teach a highly academic curriculum and teach students to deal with abstract concepts.9.The American RevolutionAlso known as the War of Independence or Revolutionary Way, it began in 1775 and concluded in 1783.It ended two centuries of British rule for most of the North American colonies and created the United States of America.10.The Great LakesThese are the most important lakes in America, extending about 1600 kilometers and forming a section of the boundarybetween the United States and Canada. The Great Lakes include Lake Michigan, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.11.Cold Wara)In the post war period the difference between Russia and the US increased and led to a new kind ofwar, a war, without fighting, which was called the Cold War.b)The Cold War was marked by international tension and hostility arousing from various military,diplomatic, social, propagandistic, and economic pressures employed by one side against the other to gain advantage economically in terms of security, or in terms of world opinion.c)The Cold War was ended with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.12.Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College consists of the popularly elected representatives (electors) who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. The electors are directed by the Constitution to vote in their respective states, and Congress is authorized to count their votes. To win, a presidential candidate must have a majority in the Electoral College.13.Watergate ScandalThe Watergate scandal was a political scandal during the 1970s in the United States resulting from the break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. Effects of the scandal eventually led to the resignation of the President of the United States, Richard Nixon, on August 9, 1974, the only resignation of any U.S. President. It also resulted in the indictment, trial, conviction and incarceration of several Nixon administrationofficials. 14.New DealThe New Deal is a term for the domestic reform programme of the administration of FranklinD.Roosevelt .The New Deal is generally considered to have consisted of two phases. The first phase(1933-1934) attempted to provide recovery and relief from the Great Depression through programmes of agricultural and business regulation, inflation and price stabilization. The second phase of the New Deal (1935-1941), while continuing with relief and recovery measures, provided for social and economic legislation to benefit the mass of working people.15.Great SocietyThe Great Society was a set of domestic programs proposed or enacted in the United States onthe initiative of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, and transportation were launched during this period. The Great Society in scope and sweep resembled the New Deal domestic agenda of Franklin D. Roosevelt, but differed sharply in types of programs enacted.简答题部分：1.What is the United Kingdom geographically and politically composed of?It is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland .Wales, and Northern Ireland, plus several overseas territories.2.How did the English Civil War breakout? What were the consequences of the war?1）Charles began to take violent action .He went to the House of Commons with several soldiers to arrest Pym and other leaders; but they had escaped to London. All London was arming to defend parliament against the King.Charles escaped to the North, hoping to find supporters in the more backward districts. Thus the Civil War began.2）Consequences: With the Civil War over and the king a prisoner in Parliament’s hands, the Presbyterians, who stood for the interests of Anglican noblemen and High Churchmen were willing to come to terms with Charles. They controlled both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.3.How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed from the mid-18th century to the mid-19thcentury and beyond? How has it impacted British society?1)The Industrial Revolution in Britain first started in its age-old wool textile industry .In themid-1750s,Britain enjoyed all conditions that would favour adoption of new devices and efficient methods of production in the industry. Within half a century, a number of key inventions came into being, greatly accelerating the speed of production .James Watt marking a high point in this development. This, in turn, propelled the cotton industry to boom during roughly the last third of the 18th century .During the same period, there were equally transformative innovations in coal, iron and steel industries.2)Industrialization resulted in the growth of large urban areas in north and central England,where huge numbers of migrant workers stood out as a single and unitary working class, which contrasted with an emerging middle (commercial) class and the age-old aristocracyclass.4.What were the distinct features of the Victorian era that made it different from other times?a)From 1837 to 1901, Queen Victoria had the longest reign in British history, presiding over, first,a kingdom and then an empire. The cultural, political, economic, industrial and scientific changesthat occurred during her reign were so remarkable that the world of 1901 bore little resemblance to that 0f 1837.b)In the political arena, the agenda was increasingly liberal with a number of shifts in thedirection of the widening of the franchise and gradual political reform.c)In social life, movements for justice, freedom and other strong moral values occupied anincreasing portion of public attention.d)The impetus of the Industrial Revolution had already occurred, but it was during the Victorianperiod that the full effects of industrialization were most felt, leading to the mass society of the 20th century.e)The Victorian era also marked the apex of the British Empire attained through constant warsand colonial consolidation worldwide.5.What are the characteristics of the British Constitution?1）Constitutional monarchy.2）Parliamentary sovereignty.3）Representative democracy.4）The rule of law.6.What are the functions of Parliament?1) To legislate;2) To vote the taxation and expenditures of the government;3) To examine government policies and administration, and to debate major political issues of the day. 7.In terms of cultural geography, what is the image of the Midwest in the American mind?In the American consciousness, the Midwest exists as one coherent region: the American heartland of family farms and small towns; perhaps naively provincial and optimistic, but largely the moral and social centre of the nation, mediating between the extreme forces of other parts of the country.8.What were the chief causes of the Great Depression?The causes of the Great Depression can be found in the unbalanced economy –both domestic and international – of the twenties : the tendency to use profits for speculation rather than for productivity;an unregulated banking system and a lack of supervision of the stock market ; declining income for the farmer ,loss of jobs through automation and inadequate wages for the industrial worker , a lack of balance in international trade patterns ; and a political philosophy that limited the role of government in reacting to the economic and social needs of most of the American people.9.What are the six related but distinct principles well located and clearly stated in the U.S.Constitution?1) Federalism;2) A vigorous executive;3) A supreme national court;4) Checks and balances;5) A limited government;6) A mixed government.10.What is Agribusiness?Agribusiness is a term coined to reflect the large-scale nature of agricultural enterprise in the modern U.S. economy .As such, agribusiness refers to the entire complex of farm-related businesses, from an individual farmer to a multinational farm products, commodity dealers, firms that manufacture farm equipment, food processors, grocery chains and many other business .In many ways, agribusiness correctly describes changes in American farms in the late 20th century.11.What are the goals and purposes of U.S. education?Purposes:1)The chief aim of education in early colonial times was literacy in order that people might beable to read and write the Bible and laws.2)The new purpose is to fulfill the obligations of citizenship.3)To facilitate the development of each individual to the maximum extent of his or her capabilityfor his or her own benefit and that of society.4)Education in America has traditionally served the purpose of bringing students together, that is,of “Americanization.”Goals:1)Education should help lessen differences in social backgrounds as well as those of ethnic or racialorigin.2)Education is viewed as a tool that should be made available to all individuals.3)Education, particularly college education, is certainly expected to provide equal opportunity forall individuals to “better themselves”and“rise in the world.”12.How many categories can American higher education system be basically divided into? What arethey?Public colleges/universities, private colleges/universities, religiously affiliated colleges, and proprietary colleges, community colleges.13.the American Civil WarThe American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederacy .Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the U.S. federal government (the Union). The Union won a decisive victory. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, producing more than 970000 casualties .The war ended slavery in the United States, restored the Union, and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower.14. Why doe U.S. higher education enjoy such a high reputation around the world?The United States has an extremely competitive and highly selective system. This advanced university system has become widely imitated internationally ,and it is also the one most sought after by foreign students .Indeed ,for a very long time ,America has led the world in higher education ,quantitatively at least .15. What was Alexander Hamilton’s plan for the development of the new Republic?Alexander Hamilton advocated a means of economic development in which the federal government would nurture infant industries through overt subsidies and protective tariffs .He also urged the federal government to create a national bank to facilitate the flow of currency for business. He believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through diversified shipping, manufacturing and banking.。
英语国家概况复习整理
英语国家概况复习整理英语国家概况一、国家概况英语是世界上使用最广泛的第二语言，几乎所有英语国家都以英语为官方语言。
以下是几个代表性的英语国家概况：1. 英国（United Kingdom）英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个君主立宪制国家，伦敦是其首都和最大城市。
英国是工业革命的发源地之一，对现代科学、文化和法律产生了重要影响。
2. 美国（United States）美国是一个位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家，由50个州组成。
华盛顿特区是其首都，纽约市是最大城市。
美国是世界上最大的经济体和军事力量之一，对全球政治、经济和文化具有巨大影响。
3. 加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲最北端的国家，是一个君主立宪制国家。
渥太华是其首都，多伦多是最大城市。
加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一，拥有丰富的自然资源和文化多样性。
4. 澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是世界上面积第六大的国家，位于南太平洋地区。
堪培拉是其首都，悉尼是最大城市。
澳大利亚以其独特的自然景观、丰富的动植物种类和多元文化而闻名。
5. 新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰位于南太平洋地区，由北岛和南岛组成。
惠灵顿是其首都，奥克兰是最大城市。
新西兰以其美丽的自然景观和友好的人民而闻名，是旅游和冒险活动的热门目的地。
二、国家特点1. 文化和历史英语国家的文化和历史各具特色。
英国的文化底蕴深厚，有着悠久的王室传统和文学艺术遗产。
美国是一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，拥有独特的美国梦和好莱坞电影文化。
加拿大和澳大利亚等英联邦国家也保留了英国文化的一些传统，并发展了自己的多元文化。
2. 经济和科技英语国家在经济和科技领域具有强大实力。
英国在金融、教育、文化创意产业等领域发达，是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
美国是全球最大的市场之一，科技创新领域具有很高的竞争力。
加拿大和澳大利亚等国也在自然资源开发和高科技产业方面表现出色。
英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语国家概况复习整理一、单选题知识点：1.英国部分英国的主要岛屿：Great Britain and IrelandEdinburgh(爱丁堡)是苏格兰的首都英国有超过60 million的人口Northern Ireland是4个英国组成部分中最小的一个1/4 人口住在southeastern England英语属于Indo-European 语系中的Germanic(日耳曼语)基督教额引入为英国添加了第一笔 Latin and Greek色彩中世界英语被Norman influence强化塞缪尔.约翰逊的词典的意义是建立了Spelling的标准目前，将近a quarter的世界人口讲英文The Gremanic对罗马的进攻结束了罗马人占领英国在7世纪晚期，Roman Christianity(天主教会)处于英格兰的主导地位Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)建立在Edward the confessor(忏悔者爱德华)时期The Norman conquest 标志着Feudalism(封建制度)在英国的建立玫瑰花战争带来the House of Tudor的统治宗教改革(Religious Reformation)的直接原因是亨利三世国王divorce his wife英国革命在1642年爆发于Royalists and Parliamentarians(保皇党人和国会议员)之间Bill of Right(人权法案)在Glorious Revolution (光荣革命)后被通过19世纪中期英国的Industrial Revolution完成英国在20世纪初期面临着强烈的全球帝国统治挑战英国政府的三权分立：judiciary(司法),legislature(立法)及executive(行政)，而不包括momarchy(君主) 英国君主的重要性体现在他在public attitude方面的影响British Cabinet(内阁)在Collective responsibility(集体负责制)的原则下工作英国Priry Council(枢密院)的主要责任是Give advice英国议会大选每5年举行一次Scotland拥有建立在罗马法律基础上的独特的法律系统英国议会的经营是two-party(两党的)模式保守党的政策是典型的Pragmatism(实用主义)和 a belief in individualism(个人主义的信仰)工会党(The Labor Prty)的影响是建立了全国健康服务体制(National Health Service)英国经济到1800s实现了全球统治在1946年，英国议会通过了两个重要法案，建立了福利规定1970s早期的The oil crisis(石油危机)恶化了本来已经不景气的英国经济布莱尔政府没有在reducing inequality方面获得成功英国开垦了74%的土地用于发展农业英国的渔业地区不包括The sea area between Britain and Ireland在英国，煤矿产业提供了1/4的能源英国汽车产业几乎全部是Foreign-owned(外企)英国文艺复兴时期最光辉的成就是drama(戏剧)"Preface to Lyrical Ballads"是浪漫诗的开篇之作Thomas Hardy 是19世纪批判现实主义的代表Waiting for Godot是Samuel Bekett 写的2.美国部分美国大陆上有48个statesAlaska是最大的州美国在 central North America ,加拿大在它的北面，墨西哥在南面，大西洋在它的东面，太平洋在它的西面美国最大的河流是Mississippi River哈佛、耶鲁和MIT等著名大学位于New EnglandNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)位于美国-加拿大边境上阿拉斯加人口中没有the Blacks美国最大的少数民族是the Blacks1924年的移民法案限制美国的进一步移民，尤其是来自欧洲的美国文化主流的特点是：English-speaking,Western European,Protestant and Middle-class第一个北美殖民地建立在Jamestorn,VirginiaPilrim Fathers 是一群Paritans(清教徒)，他们为了逃避在英国的迫害而来到美国7年战争发生在French and British之间"No taxation without represtation"是The people of 13 colonies的口号美国独立战争的第一枪在Lexingto (列克星顿)打响1775年5月，The second continenta congrsee 在Philadelphia举行林肯签发了Declaration of Independence承诺给予所以奴隶自由第二次世界大战开始时，美国是neutrality(中立的)政策Roosevelt(罗斯福)新政处理了大萧条的问题越南战争继续受Eisenhower,kennedy and johnson的影响美国的ore(矿石)只占世界很小部分现代美国经济经历了faming economy,handcraft economy,最终形成industrial economy第一家国家银行是在Alexander Hamilton时期建立的美国1/3粮食用于出口目前，美国出口占世界10%美国常规教育包括elementary,secondary and higher education美国高等教育开始于Harvard University 的建立MIT没有出过总统美国国庆节在July 4thWashington Irving 是美国文学之父Tony Morrison是第一个获得诺贝尔奖文学奖的非裔美国人二、名词解释：1. American Civil War(美国内战)American Civil War is a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free.2.Melting pot and salad(大熔炉)The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. The term, which originates from the United States, is often used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries.3.American Constitution(美国宪法)American Constitution，which was drawn up in 1787 and came into effect in 1789,is the basic law of the land.For over two centuries,it has guided the development of government institution and has the basis for the nation，s political stability,economic growth and social progress.4.Cold War(冷战)In the spring of 1947 ,for the purpose of establishing the U.S.hegenmiony(霸权) in postwar world,President Truman declared the "Tueman Doctrine",aiming at expanding American sphere of influence.This marked the beginning of the Cold War period.the Cold War exerted great influence in Europe,and two Germanys were founded.Then,in April 1949,the U.S.allied with other Western countries,forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.While seeking to prevent Communist ideology from gaining further adherents(追随者) in Europe, the U.S.also responded to the challenges elsewhere.5.Thanksgiving(感恩节)Thanksgiving is a associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World.In1620,the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims.Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food,so many of them died.During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest.So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.6.British Labor Party(英国工会党)British Labor Party known as a party of high taxation,was created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties.The Labor government that come to power in 1945 had a major effort on British society. It set up the National Health Service.The party activities are largely funded by the trade unions.7.British Conservative Party(英国保守党)By and large, the Conservative Party is supported by those who have something to "conserve".Economically,the Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprise.It is against too much government intervention,especially nationalization.The Conservative Partyfavors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare.Its policies are charactized by pragmatism and a belied in individualism.monwealth of Nations（联邦国家）The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign statse,all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head.The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs.It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence.The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy,human rights,and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.9.Critical Realism(批判现实主义)The Critical Realism of the 19th centry flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s.The Critical Realism described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens.10.Standard English (标准英语)Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.It is widely used in media and taught at school .It is preferred by the educated,middle-class people .It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English .It is also the norm carried overseas.Today Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is thought and used.三、简答题：1.what is the full name of the UK?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery ,to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods : Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death,so English also grew in importance compare to French.。
英语国家概况期末重点(必考)
英语国家概况期末重点（必考）1 How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods:Old English, Middle English and Modern English.2 What are the two components of the British Parliament ?They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.3 What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.4 What are the three functions of the House of Commons ?The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.5 What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide ? British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literatuure and science,and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.6 How do students in the Open University receive their education ?The students follow university course through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centeres.7 What is Critical Realism ?Critical Realism is a literary school which flourished in the 40s and early 50s of the 19th century. The critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. The greatest English critical realist was Charles Dickens.8 Briefly introduce the Liberal Party ?The Liberal Party is Canada’s largest political party. It has been in office for most of the time in Canadian history since 1867. The party combines a liberal social policy with a moderate economic policy.9 What does “cultural mosaic” mean in Canada ?“Cultural mosaic”indicates that people of diverse origins and communities are free to preserve and enhance their own cultural heritage while participating as equal partners in Canadian society. 10 What is Standard English ?Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools.It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct BritishEnglish.It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.11 What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain ? The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused grest changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.12 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire ?Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By1837, Britian had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.During-the-mid-19th century,the-British-government-consol idated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government.Before World War I,Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves ofgold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain’s colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.13 Give a brief account of Romanticism ?Romanticism is the literary trend that appeared in England at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is a revolt against the prescribed rules of Classicism. Writers of Romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with reason and intellect. Discontent with the development of capitalism, they seek a literary refuge. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge began the trend with their joint work Lyrical Ballads, whose preface is viewed as Rmnantic poetry’s "Declaration of Independence". It was the "second generation' Romantic poets such as Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats who brought the Romantic Movement to its height.14 What are the goals of the four main political parties in Ireland ? Fianna Fail pursues a policy of complete political separation from Britain and supports peaceful reunification of the whole island. The key principles of Fine Gael are equality of opportunity, proenterprise Policies,security,and integrity and hope.The aim of the Labor Party is to establish a society without poverty, which is based on democracy , Equality,participation and cooperation. The Progressive DemocraticParty supports free enterprise, marked separation between church and state,and a peaceful resolution to the problems in Northern Ireland.15 What are the similarities between the major cities of Canada ? Canada's major cities, from east to west, are Quebec,Montreal, Ottawa,Toronto and Vancouver, all located near the Canadian-U.S. Border.The climate in this area is comparatively moderate, and cities in this area all enjoy distinct seasons.Each city has a large population with people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds.16 What is the immigration policy in Canada ?Before World War II, Canada used to have a racist immigration policy which actively discriminated against racial and religious minorities. After Worid War II, the Canadian government began to adopt a new policy to eliminate pttjudice. Since Then, Canada has opened its door to immigrants of all races and religions from any countries. At the end of the 20th century, a kind of anti-immigrant sentiment spread in Canada, and the federal government made changes in immigration policy and rules that decreased the number of immigrants allowed into Canada. Now, it is more difficult for people to immigrate into Canada.17 Multilingualism and Multiculturalism in Canada ?Canadians are composed of many different races and ethnic groups;they speak different languages at home apart from English and French. while participating as equal partners in the Canadian society, they keep their own cultural heritage, constituting a "cultural mosaic". In 1971, Canada became the first country to implement a multiculturalism policy to admit pluralism as a fact of Canadian life. In 1988,the Canadian Multiculturalism act was passed,With globalization and increasing immigration,multilingualismand multiculturalism will remain a special feature of the Canadiansociety.。
英语国家概况期末复习.doc
CanadaUnitl1 • Canada is the second largest country in the Western Hemisphere. F2.Canada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. T3.Most of the Canadian people live close to the U.S. border on the south. T4.The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan. T5.The St. Lawrence is the longest river in Canada. F6.Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country in the world. T7.Western Canada consists of the Appalachian Region and the Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Lowlands. F8.The Labrador Current brings warmer air to the southeast of Canada, but its effects are limited. F9.Toronto is the world? s largest French-speaking city outside France. F10.Few French Canadians live in Ontario and New Brunswick. F1 • Indigenous peoples, also called “Aboriginal ”，make up __ C ____ p ercent of the total population in Canada.A.1.5B.2C. 4.4D. 3.52.Canada occupies nearly all of North America north of latitude ________ C ______ north.A.40°B.45°C.49°D.50°3.There may be as many as ______ C _____ lakes in Canada.A. 1 millionB. 1.5 million C・ 2 million D. 2.5 million4.The largest lake wholly within Canada is __ B _____ .A. Lake SuperiorB. the Great BearC. the Great SlaveD. Lake Huron5.____ A ____ i s the largest river in Canada in volume of water;A. The St. LawrenceB. The MackenzieC. The YukonD. The Saskatchewan6.The largest island in Canada is _____ B ____ .A. Manitoulin IslandB. Baffin IslandC. Victoria IslandD. Newfoundland7.The following are the provinces in Canadian Interior Plains EXCEPT __ D ____ •A. AlbertaB. SaskatchewanC. ManitobaD. Quebec8.__ C ___ is the fastest-growing mother tongue in Canada.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. ChineseD. English9.__ B ___ w ere beneficiaries of the westward movement and enjoyed growth rates well above the Canadian average.A. Ontario and QuebecB. British Columbia and AlbertaC・ Saskatchewan and Manitoba D. Nunavut and Northwest Teiritories 10._____ C ______ is the first large political unit in North America with an indigenous majority.A. Northwest TerritoriesB. YukonC. NunavutD. SaskatchewanUnit21 • The fir st group of Europeans to settle in Canada in large numbers were the French. T2.Under the Quebec Act, France officially ceded New France to Britain. F3.Under the Constitution Act of 1791, the British divided Quebec into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. T4.Reformers led by William Lyon Mackenzie were demanding an American form of government and separation from Great Britain. T5.Under the British North America Act of 1867, Canada became an independent country. F6.William Lyon Mackenzie King is Canada" s longest-serving prime ministe匚T7.In 1982 the British North America Act was replaced by a new constitution for the government of Canada. T8.Under the controversial Charter of the French Language adopted in 1977, French is the only official language in Quebec. T9.Conservative Party' s victory in the 2006 elections ended 20 years of Liberal Party rule in Canada and made Harper the country' s 22nd Prime Minister. F1.The name u Canada" is believed to be derived from “kanata笃an Indian word meaning _C ____ .A. a guitarB. a meeting placeC. a settlement D・ a piece of land2.Who was the first French to discover Canada? BA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartie匚C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.3.Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River? CA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartier.C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.4.In 1774, the British passed _A _____ that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.A. the Quebec ActB. the Treaty of ParisC. the Constitution Act of 1791D. the Act of Union5.When was Canada given internal self-government? CA. In 1791.B. In 1840.C. In 1848.D. In 1867.6.Who was the first Prime Minister of the new Canada? AA. Sir John Macdonald.B. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.C. Robert Borden.D. Mackenzie King.7.In 1905, ___ C ___ were carved out of the Northwest Territories•A. Ontario and QuebecB. Manitoba and British ColumbiaC. Alberta and SaskatchewanD. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island8.In 1967, ___ B ___ was approved by the Parliament of Canada as the national anthem.A. "God Save the Queen nB. "O Canada,^C ・"Advance Canada Fair” D. “God Defend Canada 959. Since when has the Canadian government followed a policy of bilingualism? AA. 1969B. 1970C. 1976D.198010. Quebec voters narrowly rejected secession from Canada in a __________ C ___ referendum.A. 1980B. 1990C.1995D. 2000Unit31. Saskatchewan is the world's largest producer of potash. F2. Ontario has the greatest developed and potential hydroelectric resources in Canada. F3. One-half of Canada" s wheat is grown in Alberta. F4. Canada is the world' s largest producer of newsprint. T5. Oil and gas production is centered mainly in Manitoba. F6. Canada is the world' s leading producer of hydroelectricity. T7. Quebec has the heaviest concentration of manufacturing in Canada, accounting for more than one-half of Canada" s total value of manufacturing shipments. F8. Mining industries now produce more than half of Canada" s exports. F9. In the services sector, Canada' s exports exceed its imports. F10. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in 1989. F1. Which of the following is NOT Canada" s waterway? BA. The St. Lawrence.B. The Mississippi.C. The Great Lakes-D. The Mackenzie.2. Almost ___ A ____ of the land area of Canada is covered by forests.A. half B ・ one-third C. two-thirds D. three-quarters3. British Columbia ranks ______ A _____ in the productivity of forests in Canada.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth4. Most of the Canada' s farmland is located in ___ B ___ .A. the Atlantic ProvincesB. the Prairie ProvincesC. QuebecD. Ontario5. The following types of fish have been the most important exports from the Atlantic coast EXCEPT _____________________ D _____ .A. codB. crabC. lobsterD. salmon6. Much of pre-Confederation history revolves around the competition between theFrench and British for control of the profitable___ C ____ .9. Canada has just 0.6% of the world' s population, but accounts for ______ A __ of total exports in world trade. B. farmlandsC ・ fur trade D. tobacco plantation7. Canada is the world ，s largest DA. uraniumB. zincC ・ potash8. Canada is the world' s D exporter of the following EXCEPT D. nickel —largest exporter of oil.C. sixthD. tenthA. mining industry A.secondB. fourthA.4%B. 5%C. 6%D. 7%10.Canada" s largest trading partner is ___ B ____ .A.Great BritainB. the United StatesC. JapanD. GermanyUint41.In Canada temtories have more autonomy from the federal government than provinces do. F2.Since the British North America Act laid the foundation of Confederation, it formed the entire Canadian Constitution. F3.In Canada the central government exercises all powers not specifically assigned to the provinces. T4.The Canadian Parliament consists of the British monarch, the House of Representatives and the Senate. F5.The executive head of government in Canada is the Prime Minister. T6.The members of the Senate are appointed, normally by the Governor General but in effect by the Prime Ministe匚T7.The House of Commons in Canada is the key legislative branch, where most important bills are introduced. T8.In Canada, members of the House of Commons are not directly elected by the voters. F9.The legal system in Canada is based on English common law and there is no exception. F10.The dominant national political parties in Canada during the 20th century have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. F1.Canada is a federation of _________ C ______ provinces and _______________ territories.A.six / twoB. eight / fourC. ten / threeD. twelve / four2.________ C _________ c ut the last legal tie between Canada and Britain and transferred the constitutional amending power from the British government to Canada.A. The BNA ActB. The Meech Lake AccordC. The Constitution of 1982D. The referendum in 19953.The constitution of 1982 gathered the previous constitutional acts into a single framework and added the _____ A __________ •A. Charter of Rights and FreedomsB. Statute of WestminsterC・ Canada Act D. Constitution Act4.Canada is divided into __________ B _______ districts, called “ridings，，or "constituencies^.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1005.There are _____ A _______ S enators in Canadian Parliament.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1006.Quebec has a _____ B _____ system based on the _____________ law system.A. criminal-law / FrenchC. criminal-law / British7.In Canada, general elections must B. civil-law / French D. civil-law / Britishbe held at least once every __________________________________ D ________ .A.two yearsB. three yearsC. four yearsD. five years& The third party with a tradition of national support is ______ B ________ .A. the Democratic PartyB. the New Democratic PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Socialist Party9.In 2003, the Progressive Conservatives and the ____ B _______ merged to form a new party known as the Conservative Party.A. the New Democratic PartyB. Canadian AllianceC. Reform PartyD. Liberal Party10.Canada' s system of political parties is characterized by the followingEXCEPT _____ D _______ .A. two major partiesB. one-party ruleC.division between federal and provincial party systemD.two-and-a-half party systemUint51.Canada is officially bilingual, and all services provided by the federal government are available in English and French. T2.Cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity. T3.Religion has been an important influence in Canada' s history since the earliest efforts of missionaries to Christianize the native people. Tcation systems in Canada derive from British, American, and particularly in the province of Quebec, French traditions. T5.Although lacrosse is Canada T s first national game, today hockey is its most popular sport. T6.It is more appropriate to speak of Canadian cultures rather than a single national culture. T7.Canada Day commemorates the birthday of Queen Victoria. F1.In _C ___ , the Canadian government adopted a policy of multiculturalism.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19722.As far as Canadian education is concerned, each province has its own system because ___ B _____ .cation is very important to Canadianscation is a provincial responsibilityC.most Canadians live in towns and citiesD.most Canadians speak English3.According to _C __ ，Canada' s health system should provide health services to all people regardless of income.A.Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services ActB.Medical Care ActC.Canada Health ActD.Canada Health and Social Transfer program4._A _____ was the first private non-denominational university to receive a charterA.McGill UniversityB. Universite du QuebecC. University of TorontoD. University of British Columbia5.The federal Department of Environment was established in _C ____ •A. 1969B. 1970C.1971D.19726.The Official Languages Act, which stated that both French and English were to be official languages throughout Canada, was passed in __ A ____ .A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19727.Charter of the French Language, which stated that only French was the official language in Quebec, was passed in ___ C __ •A. 1975B. 1976C. 1977D. 19788.July 1, which was known as "Dominion Day” , became "Canada Day” in___ c ____ .A. 1867B. 1879C. 1982D. 19859.In Canada, Thanksgiving Day was celebrated on ___ B ____ .A. the first Monday in October B・ the second Monday in OctoberC. the fourth Thursday in NovemberD. the final Thursday in NovemberAustralianUnitl1.Australia is sometimes called “the Land Down Under" because it lies south of the equat o 匚T2.Australia is the only continent occupied entirely by a single nation. T3.Australia" s southern coasts are washed by the Coral Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea・ F4.Although Australia is a small continent, it is a large country: only Russia, Canada and China have larger areas. F5.The Eastern Highlands tend to be low and broad in the north and get higher in the south ・ Tke Eyre, Australia" s largest lake, is known as a part-time lake, because most of the time it has no water at all. T7.Australia is hot and dry, because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. F& New South Wales is called “the premier state5; because it has the largest population. F 9.Though the smallest state, Victoria has an importance in the country' s economy far greater than its size might indicate. F10.The northern area of Western Australia is called the Red Center of Australia. F1.With regard to its size, Australia is ____ D _______ country in the world.A. the third largestB. the fourth largestC. the fifth largestD. the sixth largest2.Most Australians live on the cool, wet, forested ________ A ______ .A. southeast coastlandB. southwest coastlandC. northeast coastlandD. northwest coastland3.Australia is politically divided into ____ D ________ states and ______________territories.A.four / threeB. five / twoC. six / threeD. six / two4.The only city on the western coast which has a population of more than one million is ______ B _____ .A. DarwinB. PerthC. the Gold CoastD. Brisbane5.Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is internationally known for its_____ D _________ ・A. wineB. beautiful sceneryC. valuable mineralsD. arts festival6.Tasmania is an island which lies _B __ o f the Australian mainland.A. north of the northeastern cornerB. south of the southeastern comerC. east of the northeastern cornerD. west of the southeastern corner7._______ A _______ forms the essence of the Australian Outback.A. The Northern TemtoryB. Western AustraliaC・ South Australia D・ Queensland8.The coral of the Great Barrier Reef fringes the coastline of ________ C ______ for more than 2,000 kilometres.A. South AustraliaB. Western AustraliaC. QueenslandD. Tasmania9.Torres Strait Islanders come from ______ C _______ .A. mainland AustraliaB. TasmaniaC.the islands between the tip of Queensland and Papua New GuineaD.the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef10.Australian aborigines held a traditional belief that the land they lived on was created during the _______ C ____ .A. Golden AgeB. Genesis C・ Dream time D. Five SunsUnit21.The history of Australia began with the arrival of the first permanent European settlersin 1788. F2.The first Australians were the Aborigines who migrated from Southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago. T3.Although James Cook, a British explorer, has often been called the discoverer of Australia, European explorers were not the first outsiders to visit Australia. T4.The first European settlement by British convicts occurred in 1788 at Botany Bay in southeastern Australia. F5.The first major discoveries of gold were made in New South Wales and Victoria in the early 1860s. F6.The Federation of the six original Australian states took place in 1901 and the first Prime Minister was Henry Parkes. F7.After the Pacific war between Japan and the United States broke out in 1941 and Britain was unable to provide sufficient support for Australia" s defense, the new Labour government decided to seek alliance with the United States. T& In 1972, the Labor Party won office in the federal election and Gough Whitlam became the first Labor Prime Minister in 23 years. T9. Gough Whitlam was dismissed by the Governor-General in November 1975 because the Labor Party lost in the general election. F1.Aboriginal culture was totally disrupted by ______ A ________ .A.the European settlement of Australia from 1788 onwardsB.the wars among different Aboriginal tribesC.bush fires, floods and droughtsD.the development of science and technology2.Apart from massacres, large numbers of Aborigines also died of____ c _______ .A.the European way of livingB.the firearms of the white settlersC.the diseases introduced into Australia by the white settlersD.the wars among different Aboriginal tribes3.It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia" s shores were____ D ________ .A. the DutchB. the English C・ the Germans D. the Spanish and Portuguese4.In 178& Australia was settled by the British as a colony founded___ c _____A. to receive free settlersB. to supply Britain with wool and foodC. to receive convicts from Britain D・ to expand Britain" s imperialpower5.Australia' s national day, Australia Day, is on ________ C _________ ・A. 1 JanuaryB.18 JanuaryC. 26 JanuaryD. 31 January6.___ A ____ became the financial and commercial centre of Australia during the Gold Rush and attracted British investment and dominated rural exports.A. Melbourne B・ Sydney C. Canberra D. Brisbane7.Which of the following is NOT true about Australian federation of 1901? BA.Australia became an independent country・B.Australia had its own head of state.C.After federation Australia still relied on Britain for trade and investment.D.Britain conducted diplomacy and made war on behalf of Australia.8.In the 1950s, Australia stressed the importance of developing a close association with the United States through _________ B _________ .A. the ANZACB. the ANZUSC. the ANZGD. the ANA9.Whitlam proposed reforms concerned with the following issues EXCEPT________ D _________ .A. foreign relationsB. race relationsC・ women' s rights D. establishing a republic10.In __ B ___ ，the question of becoming a republic was put to a referendum.A. 1998B. 1999C. 2000D. 2001Unit31. Wool, and later gold, launched the Australian colonies on a path of rapid economic growth. T2. Despite industrialization from the mid-19th century, the Australian economy has remained specialized and heavily dependent on the export of farming and mineral products. T3. Despite the problems of long-distance transport to unreliable markets, Australia is a major exporter of wool, wheat, meat, sugar, dairy products, fruits, cotton and rice. T4. Agriculture generates only 10%—15% of Australia" s export earnings and is thus not very important to the country' s economy. F5. Mining has been central to the Australian economy since the 19th century, as both a catalyst to national development and a major source of export income. T6. In Australia, as elsewhere in the world, tourism is a rapidly expanding industry. T7. The main feature of Australians trade is the exchange of raw materials for finished products. T8. Since the end of World War II there have been great changes in Australians trading patterns and international economic relations. T9. A significant reorientation of trade towards Asia and the Pacific is now taking place in Australia. T1 .Australia is the world' s largest exporter of ___ B __ ・A. wheatB. woolC. meatD. dairy products2. ___ A ____ i s the country' s leading grain crop and is grown in every state.A. WheatB. SugarC. CornD. Rice3. Official estimates suggested that a total of ___ C __ of Australia" s land area was native forest.4. The Australian Fishing Zone ranks the __ A. first B. second C. third5. Manufacturing now contributes about —CA. one-third B ・ one-sixth9. Australia' s telecommunications and IT market is the _D _____ largest in the world.A. thirdB. sixthC. eighthD. tenth10. Today, Australia" s largest trading partner is —C ___ ・A. one-thirdB. one-fourthC. one-fifthD. one-sixth C __ in size in the world. D. fourth___ to Australia J s GDP.C. one-eighthD. one-tenth6. Australia boasts the world s largest known recoverable resources of the following EXCEPT _D 「.A. lead7. __ B __ traditionally production. A. South Australia C ・ Queensland & Australia ranks the___ A. first B. uranium has A_ B.second C. silver D. gold the largest share by value of total national mineral B. Western Australia D. Northern Territory in diamond production in the world. C. third D. fourthA. JapanB. the United StatesC. China D・ the United KingdomUnit41.Australia has a federal system of government which consists of a federal government and six state governments each exercising its allotted powers independently of the other. T2.Australia is not independent because it still has constitutional links with Britain. F3.The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the British and American models. T4.The Australian Constitution is entirely founded on a written document. F5.In the Australian Federal Parliament, the two Houses have exactly equal powers. F6.Although the National Party has never won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, it has the ability to hold a balance of power in the Federal Parliament. T7.The High Court is the most superior in the Australian legal system. T1.The following powers are given to the state governments EXCEPT ____ D __ .cationB. transportC. health servicesD. defense2.In Australia, each state has __ D ___ S enators.A.2B. 6C. 8D. 123.Which state has only one chamber in the State Parliament? CA. New South WalesB. VictoriaC. QueenslandD. Western Australia4.Party politics in Australia started in 1910 when _D ___ •A.the Australian Labor Party was formedB.the Liberal Party was formedC.Australians began to vote in the federal electionsD.Australian voters began to choose between Labor and Liberal5.Australia" s oldest surviving political party is __ C ___ •A. the Liberal PartyB. the Country PartyC. the Australian Labor PartyD. the Australian Democrats6.In Australian politics, the Liberal Party has been in coalition with ______ B _____ since 1923.A. the Australian Labor PartyB. the National PartyC. the Australian DemocratsD. the Progress Party7.The task of interpreting the Constitution belongs to _ C ___ .A. the Federal CourtB. the Supreme CourtC. the High CourtD. the Family CourtUnit51.Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. T2.When the Australian colonies joined together as a Commonwealth in 1901, the“ White Australia policy ” was a cornerstone of the new nation' s policies. T3.In Australia there have been several debates on immigration and multiculturalism inrecent years, and such debates are unlikely to happen again in the future. F4.Only recently have Australians begun to realize that migrants from non-Anglo・Australian backgrounds also have their own cultural and intellectual life, their own traditions and customs which need to be respected. T5.As people with different traditions and customs interact with each other, a peculiar blend of different cultures will be emerging in Australia. T6.In Australia, the preparatory year in education is compulsory and universal. F7.The Alice Springs School of the Air is a secondary correspondence school that utilizes various communications technologies to have daily contact with students, home tutors and teachers. F8.Herald Sun. published in Melbourne, has the largest circulation among Sunday papers. F9.The No.l watched sport in Australia is soccer. F1.Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to do the following EXCEPT________ D _______ .A.to speak their own languageB. to keep their own lifestylesC. to maintain their own customsD. to make their own laws2.The following are the main reasons why the White Australia policy was officially abandoned in 1973 EXCEPT ___ D—・A.in most years after 1945 Australia was unable to recruit enough migrants from European countriesB.humanitarian concerns have made Australia accept many refugees from Asian countriesC.Australia must change its image so that it can live in harmony with the peoples of Asian countries are more prosperous than Australia3.The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to _D ___ .A. 1966B. 1970C. 1972D. 19734.The first official national multicultural policy was implemented by the _B ______ Government.A. WhitlamB. FraserC. HawkeD. Keating5.In Australia, school education is compulsory until age __ C ___ .A. 12B. 14C. 15D. 186.The best known example of audio teaching in Australia is _d __ .A. the Radio SchoolB. the Net SchoolC. the Flying SchoolD. the School of the Air7.Among Sunday papers, —A ____ is the most widely circulated.A. Sun TelegraphB. Sunday SunC. Herald SunD. Sunday Mail8.ANZAC Day on _C ____ is a holiday which memorializes in particular the troops who were slaughtered at Gallipoli in World War I.A. April 20B. April 22C. April 25D. April 269.The oldest international arts festival in Australia was held in _C ____ .A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. PerthD. CanberraNew ZealandUnitl1.New Zealand is situated in the Northern Pacific Ocean, halfway between the Equator and the North Pole. F2.New Zealand is made up of two large islands: the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands. T3.New Zealand is the first country to get the new day because it is just east of the International Date Line. F4.The mountain range which runs almost the whole length of the South Island is called the Southern Alps. T5.The Clutha River is the longest river of New Zealand. F6.New Zealand often has earthquakes because a fault line runs the length of the country. T7.Since its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealand s weather is not changeable. F& New Zealand is sometimes referred to as an "ultimate storehouse for discontinued zoological models： T9.About three-quarters of the population live in the South Island. F10.A large percentage of the total Maori population isconsidered fluent in Maori. F1 • New Zealand is situated about 1,600 km __ B ___ .A. northwest of AustraliaB. southeast of AustraliaC. northeast of AustraliaD. southwest of Australia2.The largest Lake in New Zealand is __ B __ •A. Lake Te AnauB. Lake TaupoC. Lake WakatipuD. Lake Wanaka3.The highest peak in New Zealand is __ B __ •A. Mount TasmanB. Mount CookC. Mount DampierD. Mount Ruapehu4.The following are the volcanic mountains in the North Island EXCEPT __ B ___ .A. RuapehuB. Mt. CookC. NgaurohoeD. Tongariro5.The most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are _C ____ •A. storms and earthquakesB. volcanoes and floodsC. earthquakes and volcanoesD. floods and storms6.___ B __ is the flightless bird which has become asymbol of New Zealand.A. EmuB. KiwiC. WekaD. Pukeko7.What percentage of the population of New Zealand is of European (mainly British) descent? DA. 50%.B. 67%.C. 73%.D. 80%.8.The following are the reasons for the uneven distribution of the population of New Zealand EXCEPT —A ___ .A.the concentration of mineral resources in the northB.the milder climate in the north。
(完整版)英语国家概况期末复习2
人物与历史文献USTea Act 茶税法The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为《巴黎条约》，该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立，停止敌对行为，但仅承认美国占领密西西比河以东的土地。
第二次大陆会议(The Second Continental Congress) 费城(Philadelphia)召开George Washington 乔治·华盛顿: commander in Continental Army«美利坚合众国宪法»（The Constitution of the United States），通称«美国联邦宪法»或«美国宪法»（U.S. Constitution）1787年宪法Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊:The Declaration of Independence «独立宣言»Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯:the Emancipation Proclamation «解放黑人奴隶宣言»Homestead Act «宅地法»Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福: The New Deal罗斯福新政1933年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策，其核心是三个R：救济（Relief）、复兴（Recovery）和改革（Reform），因此有时也被称为三R新政。
Agricultural Adjustment Act «农业调整法»National Industrial Recovery Act «全国工业复兴法»«社会保障法»马丁．路德．金恩(Martin Luther King)Civil Rights Movement 民权运动我有一个梦想(I Have a Dream)Harry Truman哈瑞．杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义The Truman Doctrine马歇尔计划（The Marshall Plan），也称为欧洲复兴计划European Recovery ProgramReagan里根: Star Wars Program 星球大战计划Irangate Scandal 伊朗门事件Nixon尼克松: Watergate Scandals 水门事件Bill Clinton 克林顿: Zippergate ScandalUK«大宪章»：Magna Carta / The Great Charter 1215年King John 国王约翰to impose legal limits on the King's personal power in raising money from his subjects «权力请愿书»: The Petition of Right 1628年Charles 查理一世第29页«权利法案» :Bill of Rights 第32页The treaty of Paris 1763年第32页概念搭配UK1、ConstitutionA constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.2、The cabinetThe major decision-making body in the government, is often associated with the office of the Prime Minister.3、Tribunal (法院，仲裁机构)A more informal and less expensive alternative to civil and criminal courts, which handles minor cases outside of the official court system.4、The Lord Chancellor（英国上议院的）大法官The Lord Chancellor is head of the judiciary (司法部，法院)in England and Wales.5、The social security systemIt is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need from the cradle to the grave.US1、Congress (国会)The legislative branch of the federal government ,is made up of the Senate and the House of Representative.2、The Supreme CourtConsists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.问答题英国部分Unit 3 P411. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the British culture, or what impacts have they had? 英国历史上不同时期主要的外国侵略者？及对英国的文化贡献或影响？P13(1)Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝(55BC) Hadrian’s Wall Words of Latin origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, and the census人口普查 ['sensəs] took root locally. Christianity spread(2)Germanic tribesmen 日耳曼人developed the Heptarchy, ['heptɑːkɪ]七王国；七头统治；七国连盟established Old English(3)Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊Christianity gained hold in Britain(4)Normans 诺曼人made Norman feudalism封建主义；封建制度['fjuːdəlɪz(ə)m]2. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan [i,lizə'bi:θən] 伊丽莎白一世时代的era ['ɪərə] witness?英格兰革新的社会背景？伊丽莎白一世见证的成就？P28In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained not only material importance, but also extensive power in politics and law. ﹙P28﹚Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues;Reducing the power of the old nobility;Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure;Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English Renaissance) 3. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequences of the war?英国内战如何爆发？结果如何？P29The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym, Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so. So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and north districts. Thus the Civil War began. Consequences: The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded. In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, and England was declared a Commonwealth.Unit 4 P504. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution ?英国宪法的特点？P43(1)Constitutional monarchy ['mɒnəkɪ] 君主立宪制(2)Parliamentary sovereignty ['sɒvrɪntɪ] 议会至上(3)Representative democracy 代议民主(4)The rule of law ﹝P43﹞5. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process work?议会的功能是什么？法律制定工作是如何运行的？P44(1)To legislate立法(2)To vote the taxation 征税and expenditures [ɪk'spɛndɪtʃɚ] 支出of thegovernment(3)To examine government policies and administration 行政(4)To debate major political issues of the day （P45）6. What is meant by the “two-party system” in the UK today? How effective is such a system ?英国两党制在今天有何意义？这种制度如何起作用？P48The British party politics of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either Conservative Party or Labour Party. The party which wins most MP seats in the House of Common becomes the goverment. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition,with its own leader and "shadow cabinet".美国部分Unit 1 P1231.What are the characteristics of "Middle America", geographically, culturally, andpolitically?美国中部的地理、文化、政治特点？P115Geographically, the Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. It has yielded some of America's greatest agricultural and mineral wealth,is the heart of America.Culturally, America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are often called "Middle American values".The idea of Middle America may exclude locations such as Chicago (the third largest city in the United States and one of the world's ten alpha cities) and very wealthy cities like Aspen, Colorado. The coastal regions of the southern United States are implicitly included.Politically, The phrase Middle American values is a political cliché; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics, although larger cities such as St. Louis, Missouri and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns such as Madison, Wisconsin, Columbia, Missouri and Lawrence, Kansas provide exceptions. Many of the political battleground states are situated in "Middle America".2.What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region?美国东北部独特的文化区域？P119the Northeast of America is densely populated and high urban, and it's the nation's economic and cultural center. Since this area was one of the two earliest settlements by British colonists, Americans tend to trace many of the nation's core values to theregion. One of the region's greatest strengths in its economic competition with other regions is its long tradition of support for education. Additionally, the region has also enjoyed a long history of booming tourism industry, both for its beautiful landscape and for its significant role in shaping the early part of American history.Unit 2 P1433.What do you think of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America?Were they great ?你怎么看待美国的开国元勋？他们获得哪些伟大的成就？America has produced such great men as George Washington,Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. Undoubtedly, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America made great contributions to the US. All served in important positions in the early government of the United States. They also put forth a set of political ideas that became so deeply embedded in the national consciousness that they are often referred to as the "American Credo".4.What were the main reasons that made the United States the world's leadingindustrial power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?19到20世纪美国位于世界工业霸权的地位的主要原因？P128A Yankee tradition of trade and commerce that provided both the skill and the capital required for industrial expansion; a commitment to private property and the profit system that gave the Rockefellers , the Morgans , and the Carnegies the incentive to build corporate empires ; an abundant and skilled labour supply ; political institutions ......P130第一段全部5. What were the chief causes of the Great Depression? Did the New Deal solve the problems brought about by the Depression? Why and why not?大萧条的主要原因？新政解决大萧条问题了吗？P132The chief causes can be found in the unbalanced economy both domestic and international of the twenties.The New Deal didn't solve the problem itself. The New Deal was a series economic programs to help alleviate the disastrous impact of the Great Depression. The programs focused on three aspects, including relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels and reform the financial system to prevent a repeated depression.小测Part 1: True or False1. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F Northern Ireland英国由四个政治区组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰P32. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F the Severn英国最长的河流是赛文河P73. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. T在英国，大多数本科（学士）学位需要三年才能完成P964. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts. F只有英格兰人才能可盎格鲁—萨克逊人only The English is Anglo-Saxons P135. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F英国的社会阶层更注重金钱和财产6. The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T“英国”的名字来自于盎格鲁，在第五和第六世纪中来到英国的日耳曼部落中的一个P137. The Bank of England is a commercial bank. F英国银行是一家国家中央银行the country’s central bank P678. The members of House of Lord are non-elected. T上议院的成员是非选举产生的P459. More than half of the full-time farms in the UK are devoted to livestock. T超过一半的英国全日制农场从事畜牧业P6510. The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is The Times. F英国销量最大的报纸是太阳报The Sun P10411. The UK Parliament comprises two elements: the House of Lord and the House of Commons. F英国议会由三个部分组成：王权、上议院和下议院The Crown、the non-elected House of Lord and the elected House of Commons P4512. Social Security in U.K. is mainly supported by the government.F英国的社会保障主要是由纳税机构支持的。
英语国家概况完整篇复习重点Word版
英语国家概况Chapter 1 Land and People第一章英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英语国家概况期末内容总结
英语国家概况期末内容总结Introduction:The United Kingdom (UK) is a country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK has a rich history, diverse culture, and strong economy. This overview will delve into various aspects of the UK, including its geography, history, economy, politics, education, and cultural heritage.I. Geography:The UK is composed of the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. It has a temperate maritime climate, characterized by mild winters and cool summers. The landscape is diverse, ranging from rolling hills and fertile farmlands to rugged mountains, such as the Scottish Highlands. Major rivers include the Thames and the Severn.II. History:The UK has a fascinating history that spans thousands of years. It was once part of the Roman Empire and later saw the arrival of Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. It became a major global power during the colonial era and played a central role in both World Wars. The British Empire at its height spanned territories across the globe. The UK experienced industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries, which led to significant social and economic changes.III. Economy:The UK has one of the world's largest economies, with a strong service sector that includes finance, healthcare, education, and creative industries. It is renowned for its financial hub in London, known as the City. Other important sectors include manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. The UK is a member of the European Union, although in 2016, it voted to leave the EU, a process commonly referred to as Brexit.IV. Politics:The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The UK Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The political landscape is dominated by two major political parties: the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.V. Education:The UK is renowned for its prestigious universities, including Oxford and Cambridge. It has a highly regarded education system, offering a wide range of options from primary totertiary education. The UK is home to numerous cultural institutions and museums, enriching the overall educational experience. The country also promotes lifelong learning, with various adult education programs available.VI. Cultural Heritage:The UK has a rich cultural heritage that encompasses literature, music, art, and sport. It has produced renowned authors like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and J.K. Rowling. The music scene has also thrived, with iconic bands and artists such as The Beatles, Queen, and Adele. The UK's art galleries, museums, and theaters are renowned worldwide. Additionally, sport, particularly football, plays a central role in British culture.Conclusion:The United Kingdom is a country of immense historical, cultural, and economic significance. It has played a pivotal role in shaping world history and has contributed significantly to various fields of knowledge and art. With its diverse landscapes, rich heritage, and strong economy, the UK continues to be a prominent nation on the global stage.。
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Unit 1 UK著名景点Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit)英国基本知识1、constituent parts。
England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗)2、the national anthem(国歌God save the queenThe national Emblem。
3、4、National flower。
Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).) 5^ 地理位置6、Full name1^ The "United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland”.(The British Isles 不列颠岛;Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth)7、Three political divisions (行政区域)：England, Scotland, and Wales.8、Commonwealths A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as "free and equal members'.9、CapitalEngland(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff);Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10^ Backbone of England。
Pennine11、Ben Nevis。
the highest mountain in UK. 1343m12、North Ireland。
National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK); industrious; agricultural13、Rivers and lakes。
1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2.The Thames River (Main source of Londonwater supply;Sccond longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills-North Sca)3・The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)/ Lake District 5. Lough Neagh (The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.)14> The climate in Britain。
pea souper 超级浓雾Unit2 UK1、the first settler1^ The Iberian(伊比利亚人)2、Stonehenge(巨石阵戶was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian； There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall.3、The Celtic language。
the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语)(Irish,Scotish).4、Hadrian's Wall5、7th century Heptarchy (七国联盟)^(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria)6^ Viking pirates(维京海盗)O Vikings from Denmark； established somesmall kingdoms； Northern and eastern England7、The Norman Conquest(1066)I => The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came fromNormandy in Northern France.8x Black Death(名词解释)O was the modem name given to the deadly bubonic plague(月泉鼠疫)，an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas ； in Europe; reduce England's population from 4 million to 2 million9、Linguistic compositionEngland。
1.Origin: Germanic (Anglo, Saxon,Jutes)nguage:English (union of Norman French and language of Anglo-Saxons); Cockney Wales Ol.OrigimCeltsnguage:English; Welsh (1/5; in north and west; the most flourishing of the Celtic languages)-Scotland 1 .Origin:Highlanders (Celts) Lowlanders (Anglo -Saxon)2、Language:English Scottish Gaelic, 2%Northern Ireland。
l.Origin:Celts nguage:English; Irish Gaelic10> Cockneys(伦敦腔)0 The dialect or accent of the natives of the East End of London. Unit 3 UKI、The House of Normans。
on Dec. 25, 1066 ; The Battle of Hastings; after the death of Edward the Confes2> The consequences of Norman Conquest。
1. Feudal system completely established. 2. Norman government. 3. Relation with the continent opened.4.Civilization and commerce extended.5. Norman French culture, language, manners and architecture introduced.6. Church courts separated from the civil courts.3、t he first king of the House of Plantagenet( 1154)。
Henry 114、T he king of Lackland。
King John(the feudal nobility and the leading Church figure, 1215); sign the Magna Carta5、T he Hundred Years5 War( 1337・ 1453)。
between France and England6> Wat Tyler5s Uprising/ Peasants' Revolt (农民起义)=> in 1381; Cause: resentment over the poll tax; finance a war with France; In London, the peasants forced King Richard II to make several concession; Tyler was struck down; The major part of rebellion was crushed 7、T he War of Rose(1455 - 1485) O the House of Lancaster V.S. the House of York ; Henry Tudor defeated Richard II; United the two house8、T he first king of Tudor*=> Henry VII;9^ The Enclosure movement(圈地运动)0 fast development clothing industry—► more wool was needed— sheep-farming(enclosure movement)—>capital—> capitalism 10> Henry VIII O the English Reformation started in the region of Henry VIII for his marriage issue.II、Milestone(里程碑)of Elizabeth I O 1. Balance the protestants and Catholics 2. Her government was effective in reducing the power of old nobility, expending the power of her government, and effecting common law and administration throughout England・ 3. Reached further through trade&adventure, new land, material, food 4. 1599, arena of world trade and colonization.12、E nglish Revolution/ Civil Wai•(英国革命)(1625—1649)。