雅思阅读长难句100句附翻译(5)
雅思阅读长难句+译文40-60
51. Unlike most of the world"s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth"s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.[参考译文] 跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现;相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块较纵深的内部。
52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth"s interior.[参考译文] 携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。
53. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continentmay break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.[参考译文] 这个给你自己来试试看54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessarythe dangers of drug interactions, for exampleand many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn"t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.[参考译文] 尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
雅思阅读长难句分析
雅思阅读长难句分析1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’.翻译：当然，过去也有词典，第一部词典是一本大约120页的小册子，它由一位叫罗伯特·考德雷的人编纂而成并于1604年出版，书名叫《疑难常用英语词汇表》。
词汇：compile v. 编写，编纂a certain 某一publish v. 出版under the title 名叫……，题为……分析：主干部分：There had been dictionaries in the past. （倒装句）独立主格结构：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pagesThe first of these 逻辑主语Being a little book of some 120 pages 分词短语状语成分：compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, publishe d ... wordes’. （过去分词短语作状语）新通教育2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial.翻译：除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要，词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关，他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域——词汇领域，社会领域以及商业领域。
雅思阅读长难句整理-中英版
雅思阅读长难句汇编1. This environment encouraged a free interchange of ideas, which led to more creativity with form, function, color and materials that revolutionized attitudes to furniture design. （10-1-3）参考译文：这种环境鼓励思想的自由交换，激发了在形式，功能，颜色以及材料方面更多的创造性，这种创造性颠覆了家具设计的理念。
语言点：本句的主句是几本的主谓宾结构，主语为this environment，谓语动词为encouraged，宾语为 a free interchange of ideas，之后由which引导的定语从句对其结果进行了具体说明，即more creativity with form，function，color and materials，其中with form，function，color and materials 是more creativity的修饰成分，之后出现了that 引导的定语从句对more creativity进行了进一步分解释。
高频单词：interchange, creativity, material, revolutionized, attitude, furniture 2. A meaningful sound track is often as complicated as the image on the screen, and is ultimately just as much the responsibility of the director. （11-4-2）参考译文：一套内涵丰富的电影原声常常和银幕上的画面同样复杂深刻，并且最终也是影片导演需要肩负的重要职责。
100句搞定雅思阅读长难句-推荐下载
100句搞定雅思阅读长难句1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。
2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。
5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。
6. The greater the population there is in a locality; the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
【最新2019】雅思阅读长难句100句及翻译(5)-推荐word版 (1页)
【最新2019】雅思阅读长难句100句及翻译(5)-推荐word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读长难句100句及翻译(5)81. Not only are liver transplants never rejected ， but theyeven induce a state of donor - specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs , such as skin , from that donor are accepted permanently . 但是，我们已经发现，在许多种老鼠之间，这些移植法的常规并没有被肝脏移植物所遵循。
肝脏移植物非但从没遭到过排斥，甚至还诱发了一种供者特异性无应答状态（ donor - specific unresponsiveness ），在此状态中，随后来自那个供者其它器官的移植物，如皮肤，会永久地被接受。
82. As rock interface are crossed , the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly , which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface , where it is recorded by seismic instruments . 当岩石界面被穿过的时候，震波所遇到的弹性性质通常会发生突然的变化，这就使得一部分能量被反射回地面，在地面反射回来的波被震波纪录仪记录下来。
83. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct ， the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may beunearthed ， showing ， for instance ， that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles , and throwing the date once more into utter confusion . 数据资料已被统计出来，或被重新统计出来，以便证明在文体学这方面，《乞援衰女》实际上确实在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》（后两者现在则变成了原始的剧作）之后以及在轴残片却唤起了一种幽灵似的疑虑，即另一块残片有可能再度被挖掘出来，并证明，比如说，《乞援衰女》是作者藉以击败索福克勒斯的《达那特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，从而将创作年代再度置于极度的混乱之中. 注： best :击败,= defeat , overcome , outdo。
实力干货 雅思阅读长难句翻译练习
实力干货 | 雅思阅读长难句翻译练习1、As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them.随着我的研究不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠，虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。
2、Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说，在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品，如詹姆斯。
韦尔登。
约翰逊(James Weldon Johnson)的《一个曾经是有色人的自传》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。
3、In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer， Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.在浮游动物数量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼记录了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，对于营养物不充足的湖和沼泽湖而言，分别为每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.4、(Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamic law.)Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel)， the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud， one of the primary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.尽管从历史角度来看，在古代以色列作为独立主权国家的犹太教法与大流散时期(Diaspora，即以色列被征服后古代犹太人被巴比伦人逐出故土)的犹太教法之间存在着一个明晰可辨的断裂，然则，《旧约全书》(Old Testament)后半部分中法律内容的精神与《犹太教法典》(Talmud)极为一脉相承，而所谓的《犹太教法典》，是指大流散时期犹太教法的主要典籍辑录之一。
完整word版雅思阅读长难句分析
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5雅思阅读长难句分析： 1And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.雅思阅读长难句分析： 2Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, andAppropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.雅思阅读长难句分析： 4There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to theResearch techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.雅思阅读长难句分析： 5Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy isdirectly bound up with the efficiency of itsagriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.---------------------------1-5答案------------------答案：and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with theseprocesses, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined …that…, and that …。
(完整版)100句搞定雅思阅读长难句——练习版
雅思阅读句子分析和翻译练习1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.6. The greater the population there is in a locality; the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted toglorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.36.One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.44. N o social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembledchimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.。
2019年雅思阅读长难句翻译(共五例)-范文word版 (1页)
2019年雅思阅读长难句翻译（共五例）-范文word版本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思阅读长难句翻译（共五例）下面雅思为大家整理的是五例雅思阅读长难句的翻译，并没有对其中的语法成分进行分析。
雅思阅读长难句是阻碍大家提高阅读成绩的最大障碍之一，想要克服就需要多接触一些长难句的类型，掌握长难句的阅读方法。
来看看详细内容吧。
1. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths ， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated ，to pass through ， they absorb some of the longer - wavelength ，infrared emissions radiated from the Earths surface ， radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space .虽然这些分子允许可见波长的辐射阳光的绝大部分能量就汇集于此不受阻挡地穿透，但它们却会吸收某些较长波长，亦即从地球表面辐射出的红外发射，这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被重新输送回太空。
2. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposingconstraints - ways of feeling ， thinking ， and acting that come naturally in archetypal situations in any culture .这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种种细节，而是将各种限制强加于人类即在任何文化的典型情景中都会自然表露的情感、思维、以及行动方式。
雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文
雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文在雅思阅读考试中，我们会遇到很多长难句，考生在短时间内不可能找准这些长难句的意思，那么，下面是小编为您收集整理的雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文，供大家参考!雅思阅读疑难长句一百句译文1. Looking beyond the 10-year period,the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future — more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.「译文」在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3000种本地植物——占美国近25000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。
2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration,because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.「译文」野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。
3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits:it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn't traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally?friendly fertilizers.「译文」转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
雅思阅读长难句100句附翻译(5)
雅思阅读长难句100句附翻译(5)41. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties acrossinterfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of whichmolecules control the bonding of cells to each other-an area that we have notyet explored thoroughly.但是，要想沿着原生和非原生物质之间的界面获取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某种知识，即什么样的分子控制着细胞彼此间的结合--而对这一领域，我们尚未进行充分的探索。
42. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms oflaw-notwithstanding，of course，a considerable and inevitable number ofcoincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positiveenactments are concerned-that its study is indispensable in order to appreciateadequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.伊斯兰法是一种如此不同于所有其它法律形式的现象--毋庸置疑，尽管就其主要内容和有积极意义的法规而言，与其它法律形式中的这种或那种形式存在着相当数量的且不可避免的巧合相似之处--以致于对它进行研究便显得不可或缺，以便充分理解有可能存在的法律现象的全部范围。
雅思阅读长难句
雅思阅读长难句1. The discovery that unbound black holes exist suggested that there may be far more black holes in our galaxy than previously thought, and that these mysterious objects may play a bigger role in the evolution of galaxies than previously believed.（发现未经捆绑的黑洞存在这一事实表明在我们的星系中可能存在比之前认为的要多得多的黑洞，并且这些神秘物体可能在星系的进化中扮演着比之前预想的更重要的角色。
）。
2. Despite the risks associated with offshore drilling, the vast amounts of oil and gas that can be extracted from beneath our oceans are too valuable to ignore, which has prompted renewed interest in deep-sea exploration and the development of new drilling technologies.（尽管海上钻探存在风险，但我们可以从海底开采出大量的石油和天然气，这是非常宝贵的，也是不能忽视的，这促使对深海探索和新钻探技术的研发产生了重新的兴趣。
）。
（随着世界人口以空前的速度不断增长，可持续和高效的食品生产的需求变得更加紧迫，而立体种植等创新的农业技术可能会成为解决我们不断扩大的人口需求的答案。
）。
4. The global tourism industry has been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, with widespread travel restrictions and border closures resulting in a sharp decline in internationaltravel and a corresponding drop in revenue for tourism-dependent economies.（全球旅游业受到新冠疫情的重创，广泛的旅行限制和边境关闭导致国际旅游急剧下降，并导致旅游业依赖的经济体收入下降。
雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译
雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译我整理了雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译，一起来学习一下吧。
下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
雅思阅读长难句分析及翻译01. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
02. (This is) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower . (这是一种)照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去精确并详细的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
03. Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. 哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能，无法掌握好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不情愿去培育和维持那些富于生气活力和风险性强的创作冲动。
雅思阅读难点200句长难句
雅思阅读难点200句长难句雅思200句长难句1.Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect （智能）and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history,the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. The first time that the question “ What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commerc ial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.21. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.22. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.23. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.24. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.25. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.26. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. 27. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.28. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with thecomplexities of spelling?29. It may have been a shar p criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.30. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.31. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.32. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.33. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have out grown thejumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.34. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.35. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.36. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.37. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.38. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.39. Although signs of dishonesty in school , business and government seem much more numerous in years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?40. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist.41. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “ racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.42. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining —the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.43. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on , is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.44. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.45. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types, however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.46. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge , and there is some evidence for this view.47. The result of attrition is that, where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution, a bimodal distribution is produced, one peak composed mainly of fragmented pieces, the other of the larger remains.48. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable difference of opinion.49. A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer.50. Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool andunsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.51. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “ union card” in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties.52. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.53. Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production (GNP) because it is not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be, and suggesting, on the other, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.54. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.55. The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residents instructing them in what to watch for their animals so that every household can join in helping to predict earthquakes. 56. Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening. 57. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers, whose flights are within the Earth’s atmosphere, from hitting their targets.58. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.59. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to its parents, is yet considered emotionally “ priceless”.60. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentiethcenturies as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicted in part on the assumption thata child’s emotional value made child labor taboo.61. Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to re-enact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted.62. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effect of the new demand for luxuries?63. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.64. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.65. If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent) and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.66. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “ step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.67. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.68. However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income—namely ,the developing country partner.69. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.70. The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governingthe conduct of prosecuting attorneys: as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to prejudice a party’s case through overzealous prosecution or to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.71. No prudent person dared to act on the assumption that, when the continent was settled, one government could include the whole; and when the vast expense broke up, as seemed inevitable, into a collection of separate nations, only discord, antagonism, and wars could be expected.72. If they were right in thinking that the next necessity in human progress was to lift the average person upon an intellectual and social level with the most favored, they stood at least three generations nearer than Europe to that goal.73. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did not at every moment violate the eternal fitness of things, the poet’s song would have been given to the world, and the poet would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood, as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes it.74. The instinctive sense of the dishonor which money-purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work, as Lord Byron did, for a while, from a noble pride, and as Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience.75. Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.76. Abraham Lincoln, who presided in his stone temple on August 28, 1963 above the children of the slaves he emancipated (解放), may have used just the right words to sum up the general reaction to the Negroes’ massive march on Washington.77. In the Warren Court era, voters asked the Court to pass on issues concerning the size and shape of electoral districts, partly out of desperation because no other branch of government offered relief, and partly out of hope that the Court would reexamine old decisions in this area as it had in others, looking at basic constitutional principles in the light of modern living conditions.78. Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable : in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental in producing the increase in its wealth.79. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other, nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification otherthan race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.80. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to have more room for creative accident.81. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorical intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.82. When black poets are discussed separately as a group, for instance, the extent to which their work reflects the development of poetry in general should not be forgotten, or a distortion of literacy history may result.83. These differences include the bolder and more forthright speech of the later generation and its technical inventiveness.84. But black poets were not battling over old or new rather, one accomplished Black poet was ready to welcome another, whatever his or her style, for what mattered was racial pride.85. Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions and in every reversal he overthrew the “ system”, the “ machine”, the externally ordained belief, the conventional behaviour in favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.86. It was better covered by television and press than any event here since President Kennedy’s inauguration (就职) , and , since indifferent is almost as great a problem to the Negro as hostility, this was a plus.87. But do not the challenge and the excitement of the critical problem as such lie in that ambivalence of attitude which allows us to recognize the intelligence and even the splendor of Meredith’s work, while, at the same time, we experience a lack of sympathy, a failure of any enthusiasm of response?88. In this respect she resembled one of her favourite contemporaries, Mary Brunton, who would rather have “ glided through the world unknown” than been suspected of literary airs—to be shunned, as literary women are, by the more pretending of their own sex, and abhorred, as literary women are, by the more pretending of the other!89. From those sounds which we hear on small or on coarse occasions, we do not easily receive strong impressions, or delightful images; and words to which we are nearly strangers, whenever they occur, draw that attention on themselves which they should transmit to things.90. To proceed thus is to set up a fivefold hypothesis that enables you to gather from the innumerable items cast up by the sea of experience upon the shores of your observation only the limited number of relevant data—relevant, that is, to one or more of the five factors of your hypothesis.91. As an author, I am naturally concerned that a surprisingly large percentage of the population of the United States is functionally illiterate; if they can’t read or cannot understand what they read, they won’t buy books, or this magazine.92. They do not know those parts of the doctrine which explain and justify the remainder ; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.93. Quite apart from the logistic problems, there existed a well-established tradition in Britain which refused to repatriate against their will people who found themselves in British hands and the nature of whose reception by their own government was, to say the least, dubious.94. An obsession with the exact privileges of a colonial legislature and the precise extent of Britain’s imperial power, the specifics of a state constitution and the absolute necessity of a federal one, all expressed this urge for a careful articulation as proof that the right relationship with external powers did indeed prevail.95. One encyclopaedia tells us that intelligence is related to the ability to learn, to the speed with which things are learned, to how well and how long ideas are remembered, to the ability to understand those ideas and use them in problem-solving, and to creativity.96. The event marked the end of an extended effort by William Barton Rogers, M.I.T. ‘s founder and first president, to create a new kind of educational institution relevant to the times and to the contrary’s need, where young men and women would be educated in the application as well as the acquisition of knowledge.97. Each departmental program consists, in part, of a grouping of subjects in the department’s areas of professional interest and, in part, of additional opportunities for students of their choice.98. Alternatively, a student may use elective time to prepare for advanced study in some professional field, such as medicine or law,for graduate study in some area in which M. I. T. gives no undergraduate degree, such as meteorology or psychology, or for advanced study in an interdisciplinary field, such as astrophysics, communication science, or energy.99. While the undergraduate curriculum for an open Bachelor of Science degree, as listed by a department, may have its own unique features, each program must be laid out in consultation with a departmental representative to assure that it is meaningful in structure and challenging in content.100. Where previously it had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects such as dams, roads and bridges, it began to switch to projects which directly improved the basic services of a country. 101. Thus in addition to the chances of going away from the right path outlined above, the scientific investigator shares with the ordinary citizen the possibilities of falling into errors of reasoning in the ways we have just indicated, and many others as well.102. He made a hole and peering through, could see jewellery, and other objects stacked in piles in the shadows that extended beyond the beam of light penetrating the interior.103. Neither Ayat nor the Rassoul brothers noticed, however, that most of the pieces they were selling were of a type not previously seen in the marketplace—pieces whose existence had been suspected but which had not yet been discovered by archaeologists. 104. “The biggest construction project of this century”, explained French President Francois Mitterand in January, 1986 as he and then British prime minister Margaret Thatcher jointly announced that the two countries would finally overcome ancient quarrels and prejudices and forge a link across the narrow Channel separating them.105. Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae(水藻) of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton(浮游植物群落) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.106. The converse observation, of the absence of grazers (食草动物)in areas of high phytoPlankton(浮游植物群落)concentration, led Hardy to propose his principle of animal exclusion , which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent(驱虫剂) that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration.107. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible at wave lengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emission(红外辐射) radiated from the Earth,s surface, radiation thatwould otherwise be transmitted back into space.108. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism(超现实主义), does this technique provide a counter point to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?109. Roseenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. 110. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation (薛定谔的方程式)forthe hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole (磁性偶极子), and relatiristic effects, and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations( 量子场论方程式).111. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate( 强调) contradictions in social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature.112. The hydrologic(水文地质的) cycle, a major topic in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation (降水(量)), thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration(散发).113. My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.114. In the early 1950’s historians who studies preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite (精华) : the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates (要人) who had hitherto (迄今) usually filled history books.115. The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian(农民) discontent (不满) that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated (加速) by the closing of the internal frontier—that is , the depletion (枯竭) of。
雅思阅读长难句翻译练习分享
雅思阅读长难句翻译练习分享长难句一直是一些同学的难点,下面给大家带来了雅思阅读长难句翻译练习，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思阅读长难句翻译练习51. The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is thewell-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system，whose source，most geologists contend，is the upper mantle.对于地幔分层论点来说，最好的证据乃这样一个确认的事实，即在那些海洋岛屿——这些岛屿据信是源于由下层地幔升上来的地幔柱状溶岩流(mantle plume)——上发现的火山岩石，是由与海洋中部山脊系统的物质根本不同的物质构成的，而这一海洋中部山脊系统的成因，大多数地质学家论辩道，为上部地幔。
52. Some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths，argue that the mantle is not layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in "incompatibleelements" (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids pathways.但是，某些地质学家，以对地幔捕虏岩体(xenolith)所作的观察为依据，指出地幔并非是分层排列的，相反，地幔的异质性是由那些富含"不相容成分"的流质构成的，这些成分趋向于流体而非固体的状态，自下而上渗透扩散，并依照这些流质流向的任意性，不规则地将上部地幔的某些部分予以改变。
(完整word版)雅思阅读长难句分析.doc
1.【雅思长难句分析】 1-5雅思阅读长难句分析： 1And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.雅思阅读长难句分析： 2Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa(反之 ) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.雅思阅读长难句分析： 3How well the predictions will be validated by later performancedepends upon the amount, reliability, andAppropriateness of the information used and on the skill andwisdom with which it is interpreted.雅思阅读长难句分析： 4There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to theResearch techniques appropriate to the various branches ofhistorical inquiry.雅思阅读长难句分析： 5Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country economy is ’s directly bound up with the efficiency of itsagriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.---------------------------1-5 答案 ------------------答案：and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mindcan be by no means compared with theseprocesses, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined⋯that⋯, and。
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雅思阅读长难句100句附翻译(5)41. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties acrossinterfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of whichmolecules control the bonding of cells to each other-an area that we have notyet explored thoroughly.但是，要想沿着原生和非原生物质之间的界面获取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某种知识，即什么样的分子控制着细胞彼此间的结合--而对这一领域，我们尚未进行充分的探索。
42. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms oflaw-notwithstanding，of course，a considerable and inevitable number ofcoincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positiveenactments are concerned-that its study is indispensable in order to appreciateadequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.伊斯兰法是一种如此不同于所有其它法律形式的现象--毋庸置疑，尽管就其主要内容和有积极意义的法规而言，与其它法律形式中的这种或那种形式存在着相当数量的且不可避免的巧合相似之处--以致于对它进行研究便显得不可或缺，以便充分理解有可能存在的法律现象的全部范围。
43. (Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform than Islamiclaw.)Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of thesovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora(the dispersion of Jewishpeople after the conquest of Israel)，the spirit of the legal matter in laterparts of the Old Testament is very close to that of the Talmud，one of theprimary codifications of Jewish law in the Diaspora.尽管从历史角度来看，在古代以色列作为独立主权国家的犹太教法与大流散时期(Diaspora，即以色列被征服后古代犹太人被巴比伦人逐出故土)的犹太教法之间存在着一个明晰可辨的断裂，然则，《旧约全书》(OldTestament)后半部分中法律内容的精神与《犹太教法典》(Talmud)极为一脉相承，而所谓的《犹太教法典》，是指大流散时期犹太教法的主要典籍辑录之一。
44. Islam，on the other hand，represented a radical breakaway from the Arabpaganism that preceded it;Islamic law is the result of an examination, from areligious angle，(examination)of legal subject matter that was far fromuniform，comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-IslamicArabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of theconquered territories. 另一方面，伊斯兰教则代表着与此前存在的阿拉伯异教(Arabpaganism)的一种根本上的决裂;伊斯兰法是从宗教的角度，对各种杂乱无章、绝无共同点的法律内容进行考察所致的结果，而这些法律内容实际上是由前伊斯兰阿拉伯国家(Pre-IslamicArabia)法律的不尽相同的组成部分以及由从被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鉴过来的无数法律因素所构成。
(as it did )实际上是一句插入语。
45. One such novel idea is that (idea) of inserting into the chromosomes ofplants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' naturalconstitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants thegenes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit the leguminous plants tobe hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence，(there is ) the intensifiedresearch on legumes.这其中的一个新颖思想就是，在植物的染色体(chromosome)内注入并非是该植物自然构造一个部分的那些不相关联的因基：具体而言，这一思想是，在非豆科植物内注入这样一些基因，倘若这些基因可被辨识出来并被分离开来，而这些基因业已使豆科植物宜于充当那些具备固氮作用的细菌的寄主。
由此，对豆科植物的研究日趋深入。
46. It is one of nature's great ironies that the availability of nitrogenin the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though theplants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogen gas.下述情形真可谓是自然界的一个莫大讽刺：土壤中所能获得的氮肥量往往对植物的生长构成了一个上限，虽然植物的叶子被沐浴在一片氮气的海洋中。
47. Unless they succeed，the yield gains of the Green Revolution will belargely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter intoa symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated，and even if thetransfer of those gene complexes，once they are found，becomes possible.除非他们能取得成功，不然的话，绿色革命的产量收益将在很大程度上损失殆尽，即使豆科植物中使这些植物有条件进入到与固氮细菌共生关系的基因可被辨识出来和分离开来的话，且即使这些基因综合体(genecomplex)，一旦被发现之后，其移植得以成为可能的话。
48. Its subject(to use Maynard Mack's categories)is"life-as-spectacle，"for readers, diverted by its various incidents，observe its hero Odysseusprimarily from without;the tragic Iliad，however，presents"life-as-experience"：readers are asked to identify with the mind ofAchilles，whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.其主题〔若借鉴梅纳德。
迈克(MaynardMack)的两个分类范畴的话〕是"人生作为外部景象"，因为读者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散，主要是从外部来观察其主人公奥德修斯(Odyssus)的;然而，富于悲剧色彩的《伊利亚特》所表现的则是"人生作为内心体验"：读者被要求与阿基琉斯(Achilles)的心灵产生共鸣，而其行为动机却致使他变作一个并非特别惹人喜爱的主人公。
(从分号后的语句推理出前面的意思)注：hero:主人公;without:外部;likable:有吸引力的49. Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfishis eye placement：before maturity one eye migrates，so that in an adult flatfishboth eyes are on the same side of the head.在一条成年比目鱼身上显著存在的诸多不对称(asymmetry)特征中，最为吸人注目的是眼睛的摆位：在成年之前，一只眼睛发生移动，因此在成年比目鱼身上，两只眼睛均位于头部的同一侧面。
50. A critique of Handlin's interpretation of why legal slavery did notappear until the 1660's suggests that assumptions about the relation betweenslavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined , and that explanations forthe different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should beexpanded .一个对于H的关于为何法律上的奴隶制没有在17世纪60年代以前出现的原因所作解释的批评显示，关于奴隶制和种族偏见之间的关系的假说应当重新检查，而且显示出，对于在北美和南美之间的对黑怒的不同处理的解释应当被扩展。