简析中西方文化差异与英语翻译
中国与英国文化差异英语作文
中国与英国文化差异英语作文English:One major cultural difference between China and the UK is the concept of individualism versus collectivism. In China, there is a strong emphasis on putting the needs of the group above individual desires, leading to a sense of unity and harmony within society. On the other hand, the UK places a higher value on personal freedom and independence, encouraging individuals to express their unique identity and opinions. This difference in cultural values can be seen in various aspects of life, such as decision-making processes, social interactions, and even work ethics. Understanding and respecting these differences can help improve cross-cultural communicationand cooperation between the two countries.中文翻译:中国和英国之间一个主要的文化差异是个人主义与集体主义的概念。
在中国，强调将群体的需要置于个人欲望之上，导致社会内部形成统一和和谐的感觉。
另一方面，英国则更加重视个人的自由和独立性，鼓励个人表达其独特的身份和观点。
关于中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响分析
2482018年41期总第429期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS关于中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响分析文/张植晟引言英汉翻译是通过使用语言机制，达到两种语言之间相互转化的目标，也是自身文化与他国文化交流的桥梁。
在多种文化背景中生活的人们想要达到思想交流，就需要以翻译作为媒介，由于其属性特点，翻译需要依赖文化而存在。
目前，英语是世界大部分国家沟通时使用的官方语言，因此保证其翻译精准度十分重要。
一、文化对于英语翻译的现实意义随着我国加入WTO后，与各国之间的贸易往来不断增多，英语作为世界通用语言，在双方沟通交流过程中起到关键作用。
我国对外贸易脚步加快，建立与他国有效沟通是必然发展要求，英语翻译作为重要工具，可直接影响沟通效果。
同时也能进一步推进我国传统文化在世界范围中的影响程度，改变固有“闭门造车”的发展形势，不仅能引入国外优质文化，还能推动我国民族文化发展。
在英汉翻译工作中，其核心内容在于推进两国之间有效联系，从根本上来看，一切翻译工作均有其实际意义，除带来的经济效益外，在保证交流质量的基础上深入了解各国文化，充分体现了当代社会“共享文化”的理念，实现文化互动，建立与他国之间的深厚友谊。
二、中西文化差异对英语翻译的多种影响1.地域差异带来的影响。
地域差异的影响往往与当地人们日常生活方式有着直接关系，其日常生活中涵盖着当地的经济水平、文化、政治等多个方面。
因此相关语言的运用要符合地域特点，只有这样才能达到语言应用的目的。
翻译人员要重点注意，不能仅从字面意思进行翻译，而是要分析其文化背景，例如：西方文化中，白色white代表着纯净与天使，因此新娘需要身穿白色婚纱，而在我国文化中，red(红色)寓意着幸福美满，所以中式婚礼上，新娘往往要穿大红色喜服。
在美英民族中将红色视为血液的颜色，意为危险、可怕。
为中华民族中，则用白色表示对已逝亲人的哀悼。
不同的地域会繁衍出不同的地域特色，这些民族文化之间的差异性会导致英语翻译受到一定影响。
中西方文化差异背景下英语翻译技巧.doc
中西方文化差异背景下英语翻译技巧摘要：文化同语言之间具有密切的关系, 而翻译是语言活动的重要方式, 文化因素影响较为深刻。
各民族之间的语言交流其是指为民族文化的交流, 而民族文化差异和语言结构差异加大了英语翻译难度。
本研究重点分析了翻译与文化之间的关系和中西方文化差异背景下英文翻译常见误区, 并介绍了几种常见的翻译技巧, 仅供参考。
关键词：中西方; 文化差异; 英语翻译; 技巧;翻译并不是单纯地转换语言文字, 而是一种跨文化交际行为。
不同民族之间历史背景、文化传统、风俗民情等方面差异较大, 所以我们应了解中西文化差异, 找到中西文化适当的切入点, 灵活运用翻译技巧, 以此来避免翻译误区, 使得翻译出来的语句更贴近原文意思。
一、翻译与文化之间的关系(一) 翻译概述具体而言, 翻译是将一种语言文字的意义转换为另一种语言文字。
换言之, 翻译是借助不同的语言文字再现原话者的准确意思的一种艺术形式。
在翻译的过程中, 为了翻译准确, 不可随意增减。
翻译人员的职责在于转换文字, 但是不得改变其原意。
所以, 表达性和准确性是翻译的两种重要要素。
表达性则是确保文字容易被世人所理解, 准确性则是翻译的基础必要条件[1]。
(二) 文化概述目前为止, 文化尚未被准确定义, 十九世纪四十年代, 著名学者马克思和恩格斯尝试采用唯物主义重要观念, 将文化定义为其是人类物质生产活动的表达形式。
我国现代人类学者则提出, 文化是指某一特定人群的活动、感觉、思维与打扮的所有方式。
(三) 翻译与文化之间的关系文化活动包含了翻译。
翻译有利于促进译语文化的发展, 同时受到译语文化的影响。
在人类交际活动中, 翻译扮演着重要角色, 处于领先地位。
翻译有利于促进文化交流、丰富人类文化、构建精神文明国家。
从微观层面而言, 翻译又有利于提高我们专业素质、文化修养, 确保职业生涯顺利实现, 使得我们使用和学习外语的能力提高。
二、东西文化差异背景下英文翻译常见误区(一) 拼写错误分析我国公共场所英语标识语翻译得知, 拼写错误屡见不鲜, 只要稍微具有英语能力的人都能轻而易举地发现拼写错误, 这是一种最低级的错误。
中西方文化差异英语作文
中西方文化差异英语作文Cultural Differences Between the East and the WestCulture plays a significant role in shaping a society and the way individuals perceive the world around them. As globalization continues to advance, understanding the cultural differences between the East and the West becomes increasingly important. This essay will delve into several key aspects where these two cultures differ, including communication styles, social norms, and values.I. Communication StylesOne noticeable difference between Eastern and Western cultures lies in their communication styles. In the East, particularly in countries influenced by Confucianism, such as China, Korea, and Japan, a more indirect and implicit communication approach is favored. People in these cultures tend to be less direct and rely heavily on non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions and body language, to convey their intentions. This style of communication values harmony and maintaining face.On the other hand, Western cultures, with their emphasis on individualism, generally prefer a more direct and explicit communication style. Openly expressing thoughts and feelings is encouraged, and individuals tend to value honesty and assertiveness. Westerners value directness as a means of efficient communication, and explicitness is often regarded as a sign of sincerity.II. Social NormsSocial norms dictate acceptable behavior within a society, and they can significantly differ between the East and the West. One noticeable contrast lies in the perception of time. Eastern cultures, such as those found in China and Japan, place a higher emphasis on punctuality and adherence to schedules. Being late is considered disrespectful and can negatively impact one's reputation. In contrast, Western cultures, particularly in more individualistic societies, tend to adopt a more relaxed approach to time management.Family structure also exhibits differences between Eastern and Western cultures. In many Eastern cultures, such as China and Korea, filial piety plays a crucial role. Children are expected to respect and care for their parents as they age. This tradition stems from Confucian values, which emphasize the importance of family and the hierarchical order within it. In contrast, Western cultures place more emphasis on personal autonomy and independence.III. ValuesThe values upheld in Eastern and Western cultures also differ. In Eastern cultures, collectivism prevails, with an emphasis on the group's welfare over individual needs. The concept of "saving face" is significant, meaning individuals strive to maintain their reputation and avoid actions that may cause embarrassment or shame. Harmony and consensus are highly valued.Western cultures, in contrast, place a stronger emphasis on individualism and personal achievement. Independence, self-expression, and personal freedom are cherished values. Pursuit of one's goals and self-fulfillment are seen as important markers of success. While Western societies also prioritizecertain collective values, such as justice and fairness, individual aspirations take center stage.In conclusion, the cultural differences between the East and the West are profound and have a significant impact on various aspects of life, including communication styles, social norms, and values. Understanding and respecting these differences are crucial in a globalized world, allowing individuals to navigate new cultural contexts and build meaningful connections across borders.注意：以上英文文章仅供参考，切勿直接使用翻译工具。
中西方文化差异对翻译的影响
浅议中西方文化差异对翻译的影响摘要：翻译与文化有着密不可分的联系。
语际翻译不仅是两种语言的相互交换，而且是两种文化的传递。
本文从翻译实践出发，通过对中西方文化差异的比较和分析，列举了一系列影响翻译的文化因素，阐明文化差异对文化的影响不可忽视。
旨在让人们能正确面对文化差异，提高对文化差异的敏感性及运用语言的准确性，从而消除翻译中的文化障碍。
关键词：中西方文化差异翻译的影响文化障碍翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容、信息和风格忠实、流畅、艺术地再现出来的实践活动。
美国著名翻译理论家奈达指出：“所谓翻译，就是从语言到文体在译语中用最贴切而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息。
”多年来，译界学者提出功能对等、等值、传神化境作为翻译实践的标准。
而译者发现翻译中真正的困难不在于语法或句子结构，而来自于不同文化差异所造成的语言活动中的负迁移。
奈达认为互译中需要克服文化障碍甚于语言障碍。
而语言是文化的重要载体，它包含了一定社会范畴内所发生的社会现象和历史现象，可以说，“语言基本上是一种文化的产物，因此必须从文化和社会的角度去理解。
”王佐良先生提出，“不了解语言中的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言。
”正是由于语言与文化的不可分割性，我们唯有重视语言间的文化差异，深刻理解各自的社会背景和文化内涵，才能跨越语言的鸿沟，准确地表达出原文所蕴含的思想和涵义。
本文从以下四个方面对文化差异进行对比、分析。
1.生存环境的差异生存环境是指一个民族所处的地理环境和生活条件，它对这个民族的语言及词语的内涵意义有深远的影响。
最典型的例子莫过于汉语中的“东风”和英语中的“east wind”。
中国东临大海，在中国文化中，“东风”象征“春天”、“温暖”，固有“东风报春”之说。
而英国面临大西洋，东临欧洲大陆，属西半球的海洋性气候，从欧洲大陆北部吹来的东风象征着“寒冷”、“令人不愉快”，不过英国人很喜欢报告春天消息的“西风”，正如中国人对“东风”的偏爱。
英汉的文化差异及翻译
英汉的文化差异及翻译外国文学最难了解和翻译的第一是联想的意义，接下来，小编给大家准备了英汉的文化差异及翻译,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英汉的文化差异及翻译一、英汉习语中所反映的文化差异朱光潜先生在《谈翻译》一文中说："外国文学最难了解和翻译的第一是联想的意义……"，"它带有特殊的情感氛围，甚深广而微妙，在字典中无从找出，对文学却极要紧。
如果我们不熟悉一国的人情风俗和文化历史背景，对于文字的这种意义就茫然，尤其是在翻译时这种字义最不易应付。
"英国文化人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文化》(1871)一书中，首次把文化作为一个概念提了出来，并表述为："文化是一种复杂，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其作社会上习得的能力与习惯。
"可见文化的覆盖面很广，它是一个复要的系统。
语言作为文化的一个组成部分，反映一个民族丰富多彩的方化现象。
1、生存环境的差异习语的产生与人们的劳动和生活密切相关。
英国是一个岛国，历史上航海业曾一度领先世界;而汉民族在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们的生活离不开土地。
比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，英语是spend money like water，而汉语是"挥金如土"。
英语中有许多关于船和水的习语，在汉语中没有完全相同的对应习语，如to rest on one's oars(暂时歇一歇)，to keep one's head above water(奋力图存)，all at sea(不知所措)等等。
在汉语的文化氛围中，"东风"即是"春天的风"，夏天常与酷署炎热联系在一起，"赤日炎炎似火烧"、"骄阳似火"是常被用来描述夏天的词语。
而英国地处西半球，北温带，海洋性气候，报告春天消息的却是西风，英国著名诗人雪莱的《西风颂》正是对春的讴歌。
从文化角度看中西方英语翻译的差异
中西方英语翻译中语篇逻 辑的差异
西方英语翻译中注重形式 逻辑和论证逻辑
中国英语翻译中注重语境 逻辑和修辞逻辑
语篇逻辑差异对中西方文 化交流的影响
中西方英语翻译中， 语篇表达方式存在 差异，这主要表现 在句子的结构、语 序和表达习惯上。
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中文句子结构通常 较为松散，而英文 句子结构则较为严 谨，因此在进行中 英文翻译时，需要 特别注意句子的整 体结构和逻辑关系。
主语选择：中文习惯使用人称 主语，而英文则更倾向于使用 物称主语
语序差异：中文句子中修饰成 分通常前置，而英文句子中修 饰成分则常常后置
谓语选择：中文强调谓语与主 语的逻辑关系，而英文则更注 重谓语的形态变化
表达方式：中文句子中常用主 动语态，而英文句子中则常用 被动语态
中西方英语翻译中，句子语气存在差异。 中文句子语气较为委婉，而英文句子语气较为直接。 中文句子语气常常使用虚拟语气和被动语态，而英文句子语气则较少使用。 中文句子语气有时会省略主语，而英文句子语气则必须明确主语。
保留原文意象： 在翻译中保留 原文的文化意 象，以传达原 文的深层含义。
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替换原文意象： 在翻译中用另 一种文化意象 替换原文的文 化意象，以更 符合目标语言 的表达习惯。
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补充文化背景： 在翻译中补充 相关的文化背 景，以帮助读 者更好地理解 原文的文化意 象。
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创新表达方式： 在翻译中采用 创新的表达方 式，以更好地 传达原文的文 化意象。
英语中常用抽 象名词表达具
体事物 英语中常事实 英语中常用连 词短语表达逻
辑关系
主语差异：中文多用无主语句，英文必须使用主语 谓语差异：中文多用动词，英文多用名词和介词 语序差异：中文常把修饰语放在中心词前面，英文则相反 时态和语态差异：中文使用时态和语态不如英文频繁
中西方文化差异对英语翻译的影响分析
中西方文化差异对英语翻译的影响分析摘要】：英语翻译具有一定的翻译理论和规则，而这些理论和规则往往会受到一定因素的影响和制约。
中西方的文化差异就是其中的一个影响因素，在进行英语翻译时，翻译者或多或少的都会考虑到文化差异所带来的英语翻译理解问题。
本文的主要讲述内容就是围绕中西方文化差异对英语翻译的影响这一主题，进行一些个人性的经验介绍和探讨。
【关键词】：中西方文化差异，英语翻译，影响，分析根据百度百科的理解，文化差异指的是在不同的国家或地区，人们所持有的文化方式和习惯具有一定的差异性，而它具体的表现存在与人类生活的各方各面，比如政治、经济、文化、生活方式、宗教信仰、风俗习惯等。
霍夫斯坦特认为：“文化是在一个环境中的人们共同的心理程序，不是一种个体特征，而是具有相同的教育和生活经验的许多人所共有的心理程序。
不同的群体、区域或国家的这种程序互有差异。
这种文化差异可分为五个维度:权力距离(Power DIstance)，不确定性避免(Uncertainty Avoidance Index)，个人主义与集体主义(InDiVidualism versus collectivism)，男性度与女性度(MASculinity versus femininity)，长期取向与短期取向(Long-Term Orientation versus short-term orientation)。
”那么中西方分属不同的半球，不同的国度，不同的地区，在文化的差异表现上是比较明显的，比如在权利距离上，中国讲究人民权利至上，共产党代表人民行使权利，而西方讲究民主共和，占有多数的党派行使权利；在个人主义和集权主义上，中国讲求集权主义，西方讲究个人主义，人性至上。
这些文化差异，在一定程度上影响了英语翻译的进行和开展，而这一影响也体现在了文化差异所带来的影响的方方面面。
一、宗教信仰差异所带来的英语翻译影响众所周知，西方是一个宗教氛围比较浓厚的地区，在宗教的内容体现上，欧美包括拉丁，大部分人会有“基督教文化背景”，也会表达说自己是“基督徒”，但通常是“传统”。
中西方文化差异对英汉语言翻译的影响
中西方文化差异对英汉语言翻译的影响一、历史文化差异对翻译的影响由于中西方历史发展的历程不同,形成了不同的历史文化积累和各自国家的人文特点。
这主要表现在成语和历史典故。
由于词典不可能详细地收录这些,我们在翻译时是有难度的。
汉语中的习语包含着很多的寓言故事和神话传说,如破釜沉舟、夸父逐日、叶公好龙、守株待兔等。
英语典故习语多来自《圣经》和希腊罗马神话,如castle in the air（空中楼阁）,hang by a thread（千钧一发）等。
又如：路遥知马力,日久见人心。
（Time will tell）。
车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直。
（in the end things mend, there is always a way out.）老马识途（ an old hand is a good guide）。
这些中文习语按照字面意思远远不能传达原文的语言内涵,需要考虑到文化差异的因素,做出适当的变通。
另外,不同民族对同一事物也有不同的认知。
例如,中国人认为红色代表喜庆和吉利,如红红火火,开门红等。
与此相反,red在英文中代表着血腥或危险、暴力,如red ruin（火灾）,red battle（血战）。
英美人认为White代表纯洁和美好,英美姑娘在结婚时穿白色的婚纱。
中国人则认为白色是不吉利的,中国女孩结婚都穿红色,盖红盖头。
另外,不同国家民族有不同的图腾,中国是龙（dragon）,美国是鹰（eagle）。
在中国传统文化里,龙是皇权的象征,是九五之尊的代表,寓意神圣和吉祥。
大多数华人也都以自己是龙的传人而自豪。
然而在西方,龙（dragon）是罪恶的象征, 在圣经中dragon都是与邪恶和恐怖相联系的。
二、地域文化对翻译影响英国是一个四周被海洋所环绕的岛国,而中国却是个是内陆国家,人们的生活以农业为主,因此对土地具有独特的热爱和敬重之情。
正是由于英汉两个民族赖以生存的地域特征的差异,造成了语言上表达上的不同。
中英习语的文化差异及其翻译方法
中英习语的文化差异及其翻译方法习语是每个语言都不可或缺的一部分，它们是人们日常交流的重要组成部分，也是语言和文化的体现。
由于中西文化的不同，中英习语之间存在着一些差异。
在进行翻译时，常常会遇到一些难题。
本文将就中英习语的文化差异及其翻译方法进行探讨。
一、中英习语的文化差异中英习语的文化差异主要表现在以下几个方面：1. 文化背景差异：中西方文化背景的差异导致了中英习语的不同。
“一箭双雕”在中国习语中表示一举两得，而在英语中可能用“kill two birds with one stone”来表达同样的意思。
2. 传统习惯差异：中西方的传统习惯也影响着习语的表达方式。
“千里之行，始于足下”这个中国谚语，表达了行动的重要性，而在英语中可能会用“a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”来表达同样的观念。
3. 历史文化差异：中国拥有悠久的历史和文化，所以中文中的许多习语都源自古代的故事、典故或者传说。
“不翼而飞”就是一例，它出自《诗经》中的《小雅·鹤鸣》：“鹤鸣于九皋，声闻于野。
非不说子，自有先焉。
不翼而飞，沉水而止。
”而在英语中，由于历史文化不同，习语常常与西方的历史和神话有关。
以上内容表明，中英习语的文化差异存在于语言的表达方式、内涵和源头等方面，这给中英习语的翻译带来了一定的难度。
二、中英习语的翻译方法针对中英习语的文化差异，我们在翻译时需要采取一些对应的方法来保持习语的原汁原味，也要使其容易为目标语言的读者接受。
以下是一些翻译方法：1. 直译法直译法是最常见的中英习语翻译方法，它在尽量保留习语原意的基础上，用目标语言中与之相类似的习语来替换。
中文中的“九牛一毛”在英语中可以直译为“a drop in the bucket”。
2. 动态对等法动态对等法是相对灵活的一种翻译方法，它不是简单地对习语进行翻译，而是根据习语的内涵和文化特色，选用目标语言中更具有表现力和文化内涵的习语。
中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响与对策
中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响与对策随着全球化进程的加速，跨文化交流越来越频繁，而语言作为文化交流的一种重要形式，其翻译工作的影响也愈加明显。
在中西文化的巨大差异下，英语翻译面临了很大的挑战。
本文将详细探讨中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响及相应的对策。
1.文字和语法差异的影响中西方式思考和表达的不同，会导致文字和语法差异，造成翻译的难度。
例如，英语采用主谓宾语语序，而汉语采用主谓宾定状语语序，这样的句子对于翻译人员来说是比较难的。
2.语言意义的差异中西方文化差异带来的语言意义的差异也是英语翻译需要注意的问题。
例如，中文的“礼尚往来”在英语中可以翻译为“courtesy demands reciprocity”，但“礼尚往来”包含的文化含义在英语中并没有体现出来。
中西方文化背景的不同，也会在英语翻译过程中产生影响。
例如，中文中经常使用成语、歇后语等，而这些在西方文化中并没有对应的表达，因此需要针对不同的文化背景进行合理翻译。
1.了解中西方文化的差异了解中西方文化的差异是进行英语翻译的前提。
只有深入了解中西方文化的文化差异，才能更好地把握原文的含义，避免语义和文化的误解，有效的解决中西方文化上的差异问题。
2.灵活运用英语翻译的技巧针对中西文化差异，英语翻译需要灵活运用一些技巧来解决翻译问题。
需要改变语序、交替使用不同的翻译方法、添加注释等，能使翻译更达到准确传达文化信息的效果。
3.合理运用同义词和反义词的翻译在英语翻译过程中，需要注意同义词和反义词的使用。
根据文化背景的不同，使用不同的词汇来传达中西文化的差异，可以使翻译更准确的表达语义信息。
4.对比源语言和目标语言的差异英语翻译要正确使用源语言和目标语言的差异，例如，在使用词汇时，需要注意源语言和目标语言的差异，针对不同的文化背景进行合理翻译，有效的传达中西方文化差异。
结论：中西文化在语言方式、文化背景、语言意义等方面的巨大差异，为英语翻译带来了很大的挑战。
英语论文-中西文化差异对英汉比喻的影响及其翻译
中西文化差异对英汉比喻的影响及其翻译摘要语言与文化密切相关，不同的文化背景赋予不同语言中的比喻不同的文化内涵。
因此在学习英语比喻的过程中，比喻的文化差异必须引起高度重视。
本文通过举例从词汇多方面分析比较英汉比喻的文化差异，进而总结英汉互译的方法。
关键词：语言与文化；英汉比喻；文化差异；翻译。
AbstractLanguage and culture are closely related. Differences in culture always influencethe features of language. As significant parts of language, figures of speech havedifferent connotations under different cultural background. Hence, while learningfigures of speech in English , we must pay highly attention to the culturaldifferences. This article is about contrast on the cultural differences of figures ofspeech between English and Chinese by exemplification，then some methods oftranslation concerning figures of speech .Key Words: Language and culture；figures of speech；cultural differences; translation引言语言与文化息息相关，由于英汉民族文化上的差异，造成比喻中蕴含着不同的文化内涵，即使是同一喻体，也不能唤起相似的情感，不能产生同样的效果。
浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文
浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文无论是在学习还是在工作中，大家都经常接触到论文吧，通过论文写作可以培养我们独立思考和创新的能力。
相信很多朋友都对写论文感到非常苦恼吧，下面是店铺精心整理的浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助！浅析中西方文化差异与英语翻译论文篇1摘要：翻译的本质是两种文化的交流。
文化的差异是一个译者必须要处理好的问题，如果处理不当就容易让读者产生歧义。
分析了中西方主要的文化差异，并对主要的差异进行了举例说明。
介绍了对于这种差异的基本翻译方法，它们分别是：异化法、归化法和音译法。
并对这些方法进行了解释。
关键词：文化差异；处理方法；异化法；归化法；音译法1、语言是社会的产物，是人类历史和文化的结晶它凝聚着一个民族世代相传的社会意识，历史文化，风俗习惯等各方面人类社会所有的特征。
不同的文化需要沟通。
沟通离不开翻译，可见文化及其交流是翻译发生的本源，翻译是文化交流的产物。
翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析的基础上。
翻译之所以困难，归根结底是语言差异和文化差异。
英汉两种语言在表达方式上有相似之处，但2012年02月13日09时09分，《英语学习：英语论文：简析中西方文化差异与英语翻译[1]》由出国英语编辑整理。
2、译法汉语文化中特有的事物在英语文化中完全空缺，这时可采用音译法将具有特殊文化内涵的词语“移植”到英语文化中去。
如：“功夫”kong fu、“乌龙茶”oolong等。
许多采用音译法翻译的词语已成为英语中的外来词，被西方大众广泛接受。
3、结语语言是文化的一部分，也是文化的传承者。
文化依靠语言进行传播、交流。
东西方文化的差异对英汉互译产生了深远的影响。
因此对于译者来说熟悉中英两种文化甚至比掌握这两种语言更为重要。
翻译离不开文化，没有基于文化的翻译是达不到交流的目的的。
本文只列举了三种基本的翻译方法，对于文化意象处理的问题，并没有统一的翻译方法和公式，译者应根据上下文灵活处理。
浅析中西方文化差异对英汉翻译的影响
知识文库 第17期21浅析中西方文化差异对英汉翻译的影响王琳博翻译是把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为，是两种不同语言的相互转换；翻译是两种不同文化沟通的桥梁，语言是文化的一部分，同时语言也是文化的载体。
因此，在翻译过程中，文化差异是不可忽视的一方面。
本文从中西文化差异入手，在宗教信仰、思维方法、表达习惯、认知方式、价值观等方面分析了汉语和英语之间的差异，并且结合具体的例子，指出中西文化差异对英汉翻译的影响。
1 引言随着经济全球化进程的不断加快，世界各国之间在经济、文化等领域的相互交流也日益密切，但是不同国家在语言方面存在着差异，想要实现良好的沟通和交流，就需要进行翻译工作。
可以说，翻译是自身文化与异国文化进行转换沟通的重要桥梁，也是不同文化背景下的人们进行思想交流的重要媒介。
因此，翻译是不能脱离文化而存在的。
2 影响英汉翻译的因素2.1 宗教信仰的差异宗教信仰在人类文化发展中占据着极其重要的位置。
在中国，宗教文化主要儒教、道教和佛教文化三者相互影响、相互渗透。
而在英语国家，宗教文化则是由基督文化与哲学思想共同形成的。
两种不同的宗教文化影响了人们对于各种事物的认知，影响了语言的表达。
例如，“God”一词表示上帝，主，主宰世界的神。
但是由于宗教文化的差异，不同民族所表现出的内涵是各不相同的。
在我国，由God 所联想到的通常都是玉皇大帝、神仙，而在西方，联想到的是上帝。
例如：“God bless you.”，按照字面翻译为“上帝保佑你。
”但是考虑到佛教的影响，根据上下文语境汉译时可译为“佛祖保佑”。
2.2 思维方式和表达习惯的差异思维方式因民族而异，也是对英汉翻译造成影响的因素之一。
汉语表达按照一定的时间和事理顺序，逐层叙述；而英语在表达思想时，逻辑严谨，由主到次。
通常先给出主要信息，然后再介绍辅助信息。
同样，在句法结构方面，汉语重意合，句中少用连接词语；而英语重视形式逻辑，即形合，表达时常使用各种形式连接词。
中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响分析
中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响分析在当前全球经济快速发展的时代背景下，尤其是一体化进程的加快，使得世界各国在文化、经济领域的交流更加的密切。
基于对中西方文化、习惯的差异考虑，要想进行良好的沟通与交流，翻译是必不可少的。
本文主要针对中西方文化差异对翻译产生的影响进行分析，并在此基础上谈一下个人的观点和认识，以供参考。
标签：英语翻译；中西文化；影响；差异；研究在翻译过程中，会涉及到社会文化方面的因素，语言作为载体，通过转换连接自身与异同文化，在不同模式下起到了媒介作用。
1文化差异与翻译文化形成以及传播过程中，主要依赖翻译作为桥梁和纽带，扩大其影响范围。
1.1翻译功能和目的。
人世以后，对外贸易日渐频繁，英语作为通用语言，在双方交流与沟通过程中所起的作用不可小觑。
英语翻译是文化交流的途径和手段。
国内贸易与世界接轨，业已成为社会发展的主流趋势，而英语作为主要的交流工具，与沟通结果关系密切。
在文化发展实践中，英语翻译可推广文化影响，打破传统的文化发展之势，并且将国外先进文化引进来。
1.2文化差异与翻译二者之间的关系。
在英语翻译过程中，其本质不只是文化表象的简单陈述，更重要的是要在原基础上关注文化背景、本质及其影响。
翻译过程中，因母语影响，若无法全面掌握西方文化，则翻译的效果会大打折扣，翻译工作也就失去了意义。
1.3翻译的主体性。
在英语翻译过程中，翻译人员是组织者也是实施者，其关系着翻译的最终效果。
翻译人员若想顺利完成翻译活动，必须全面把握文化上的差异。
在英语翻译过程中，应当结合社会背景、文化习俗等，全面了解文化特征，然后再对其翻译，以确保能够保持文化原貌。
2文化差异对翻译产生的影响分析英语翻译实践中，中西文化上的差异是不可忽视的，甚至会产生严重的影响。
具体表现在以下几个方面：2.1地域文化。
在地域文化形成過程中，各地域之间的文化差异较大，这对英语翻译会产生影响，甚至会产生误解。
比如，英国诗人雪莱的《西风颂）（英文翻译成Ode tO the West Wind），其中“O，wind，if Winter comes，can Spring be far beNnd？”翻译为“啊，西风，假如冬天已来临，春天还会远吗？此句翻译时，需注释地域文化差异，否则就会产生误解或者困惑。
中西文化差异与翻译
一、中西方之间的文化差异 不同的国家、民族在地理环境、历史、传统、宗教、 生活方式、政治制度、价值观念等方面存在着许多差 异,而这些文化因素的差异往往都会体现在语言之中。 (一)地理环境的差异 中西方各国所处的地理位置不同,造成各国的地理环 境和气候等方面存在明显差异,这些差异在语言中随 处可见。例如,中国的地势西北高,东南低,所以中国的 河流一般由西北流向东南,所以有“一江春水向东 流”“、大江东去”的说法,而在英国及欧洲许多国 家,多数河流是由东南向西北流人大海,自然不会有我 们这样的说法。再如,美国人常用“from sea to sea” 来表示“全国上下”的意思,这是因为美国东临大西 洋,西临太平洋“,from sea to sea”意味着横跨了整个 国家。又如中国山多地广,陷入困境时是“进退维 谷”,而西方岛国人们则常说“be on the rocks”等等。
对牛弹琴cast pearls before the swine 本末倒置put the cart before the horse 水中捞月fish in the air 说曹操,曹操到talk of the devil and he will appear 江山易改,本性难移A leopard never changes its spots
(四)价值观念的差异 无论哪个国家的语言在感情上都有爱憎褒 贬之分,但表达方式却不尽相同,所以对同一 客观事物所反映出的认知和价值观念也会 不同。比如“龙”在反映中西文化的差异 方面就是一个典型“。龙”在汉语中象征 着吉祥、尊贵、威严和力量。因为“龙” 是能呼风唤雨、飞天潜渊的神异动物,后来 变成华夏民族图腾的象征意象,被赋予神圣、 至尊、吉祥、非凡等各种褒义。汉语中也 有大量的关于龙的成语都是褒义,诸如“望 子成龙”、“生龙活虎”、“龙腾虎跃”、 “龙飞凤舞”、“龙凤呈祥”、“藏龙卧 虎”等。
中外文化差异的英语作文带翻译
中外文化差异的英语作文带翻译篇一：中西方文化差异英语作文In my view, it is not surprising that Mr. Jones and Mr. Wang had a so unpleasant conversation, because it caused by the different culture between East and West.Modesty is one of the national characters of Chinese people, which can be proved by those stories about modesty in the history of China. When praised in public, the Chinese may deny it to show the modesty, though he is happy to hear that. However, the Westerner may just say “thank you”to express happiness.If I were Mr. Wang, I would say “Thank you for your praise, and I will keep working hard to do better”. As far as I am concerned, excessive modesty is just hubris, so we should receive the praise with happiness and do better.If I were the boss, I would study the different culture more to understand the staff. As the old saying goes, do in Rome as Rome does. So only if the boss know the difference in the culture and do the right things, can he motivate the staff more appropriately to make more money.篇二：中西文化差异比较(英文)The difference between chinese and western cultureWith the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows.First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might providenurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking contries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate. On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between chinese and English-speaking people. Forexample, in some Englishi-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from themain plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fork together at five o’clock with the fork on the left. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. If need to take an urgent call, excuse self and go outside. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The thumb must always be above the edge of the bowl. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank youand tapfingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.Secondly, the way of communication. Form birth to death, communication plays an integral part in our life. There are some language problems, including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect; expansive, succinct; argumentative, conciliatory; instrumental, harmonnizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluation of insincerity, aggreeiveness, deviousness, or arrogance, among other. The misinterpretation nonverbal signs and symbols such as gestures, postures, and other body movements. It is a definite communication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable message,usually in informal rather ways. It is more difficult to understand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures. Language, as the carrier of culture, is created during the process of human beings’productive labor and serves as the tool of communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring aboutfortune or misfortune so that taboos to restrict the use of language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereas those who faithfully obey the restrictions of language taboo will get protection. Furthermore, linguistic taboos change with the development of society .The paper firstly analyzes the evolution of linguistic taboo. It is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almost every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese andEnglish cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences, as is discussed in the paper from the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers and names. At last, this paper puts forward two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. And this discussion would help English learners improve their ability of cross-cultural communication and achieve better communicational effects. For example, During the feudal times, people were not equal to the rulers and were suppressed by their superiors. The distinction between the upper and the lower classes was also reflected in theevaluation of the language used by them respectively. The words of upper class used were considered good and elegant while those used by the lower class were regarded as vulgar and indecent and should be avoided in the speech of ladies and gentlemen. In modern society, as a result of the development of science and technology, many natural phenomena are no longer mysterious. Human beings not only constantly improve their abilities to exploit the world where they are living through their great wisdom and knowledge, but also make efforts to explore the extraterrestrial world. Science has much more say in today’s society. Thereby, the superstitious elements in linguistic taboos decrease while those reflecting spiritual civilization increase.In short, by comparison, we can find that both Chinese and English communication reflect people’s psychology for good will, for safety and fortune and pleasantness. The Chinese and English people restrict their words and deeds through taboos, trying to keep a harmonious relationship between human and nature, or between people and society. They are a reflection of people’s pursuit of freedom and equality.The most important, the different way of family structure, family values and family education. Family structure is the big difference between east and west, traditional chinese, amony manyother Asians, repect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents` sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous burden in the English-speaking countries, where aging and family support are not honored highly. In some English-speaking countries are still extrmely family-oriented. They are dedicated to helping their children and will sacrifice(转自： 千叶帆文摘:中外文化差异的英语作文带翻译) greatly for their children to get an edcuation. In turn, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who go away and leave the country for the economic reasons typically send large parts of their salary home to their parents and the rest of the family. Or in some Asia, any decisions or actions are done from family consideration, not individual desires. Peope`s behavior is judged on whether itbrings shame or pride to the family. The children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. And many of them think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.The way of family edcation is also the different. We all know the family education is the elementary education for children. Manyserious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between East family education and West family education. In some English-speaking countries, parents’aims are to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently. Based on this concept, most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born. They generally believe that children’s growth must rely on their own experiences, because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. And the capacity comes from the training in the early age. The so-called training contains many aspects, such as work, temper will, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. However, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form thelabor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in the unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society. Compared with some English-speaking countries, Chinese parents have a very different concept of children’s education. Some parents in China only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to developing their children’s intellect, except for caring children’s daily life. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children doanything except studying. As for the children’s independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to thesociety in the future, they consider little or not at all. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education between America and China.When we faced with those difference between West and East, we should give some advice to solve these problems. According to the three big difference that pointed, we should find some way to deal with these problems.We can study other languages and learn to expect in nonvwebal forms and other cultural aspects. We can train ourselves to meet intercultural encounters with more attention to situation details. We can use an investigative approach rather than stereotypes and preconceptions. We can gradually expose ourselves to differences so that they become less threatening. We can even learn to lower our tension level when needed to advoid triggering defensive reactions. The overall goal should be to achieve intercultural communication competence.So the ideal solution to reduce the problems are to share knowledge with others in communication. This is why it is easiest to communicate with other members of the same group. This is why people so often gather together socially with others who are verymuch like them. Since intercultural communication is communication with members of different cultual groups, and therefore, because we do not share knowledge, assumptions, values, and forms of discourse with them, we must expect there to be problems of interpretation. We must look for these problems, anticipate where they will arise out of our differences, and then plan our aommunications to be as effective as possible. However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of dfferent cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand ,we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.篇三：英语作文-东西方文化差异-Cultural differencesCultural differencesThere are plenty of. people in the world. They come from different countried, have theirown race, belief and way of life. What is more, their culture is different from others'. So,there is no doubt that cultural difference exist among lots of countries, especially betweeneastern and western countries.Compared with the way of life, eastern people always have a bath in the evening or atnight in order to relax themselves after one-day's hard work while western people take abath in the morning. so as to keep freshly for the whole day. In general, it is true,especially for Chinese people. We, Chinese people would like to take baths at night ratherthan in the morning. It is a kind of habits we behave all the time.Compared with the relationships, differences are as follow: firstly, eastern people like tomake friends, sometimes through their friends, parents, relatives. While western peoplebehave a little shyly. They do not want to make friends all the time. Secondly, easternpeople would like to hang out with the person they do not know about quite a lot. whilewestern people just like going out with the person whom they get along well with.Finally, eastern people have much more friends than western people for their quitedifferent way of getting along with. their friends. There is no doubt that eastern peopleare more outgoing than western people, so I agree with these a lot.As for way of solving problems, eastern people always deal with things indirectly. Theypay much attention to many things around them, and always work for a long time to solvethe problem. However, western people just go straight the heart of the problem and solveit directly and efficiently. As far as I am concerned, this difference between eastern andwestern people is quite normal and correct. Eastern people, especially Chinese peoplecare about things around them a lot, they always want to satisfy everyone's need, so thatthey spend much more time to solve a problem than western people.As for way of thinking, people in eastern areas usually think indirectly. They used tothink about the things around them a lot and try to deal with things in a reasonable evenperfect way. However, in comparison with the eastern people,people in the western areasoften think directly. They pay less attention to the things around them and care muchmore about themselves. Honestly speaking, I disagree to this.In my opinion, everyone isspecial and has their right and obligations to do things. There is no need for us to critiseothers and what we should do is to respect their own. decision.There are a lot of differences between eastern and western culture. These are the symbolsof their own characteristics and we need time to dig out more differences so as to learnmore about them. Most importantly, we must respect their culture firstly!。
关于中西方文化差异的英语作文_高考满分英语作文4篇
关于中西方文化差异的英语作文_高考满分英语作文4篇关于”中西方文化差异“的英语作文模板4篇，作文题目：Cultural differences between China and the West。
以下是关于中西方文化差异的高考英语模板，每篇作文均为满分模板带翻译。
高分英语作文1：Cultural differences between China and the WestWestern students enjoy a seemingly relaxed educational experience, but Asian students are not. They face heavy workload and are often very self disciplined in the first stage of globalization. China's standardized examination has a long history.The ancient imperial examination began in the Sui Dynasty. Shanghai foreign language school is one of the best middle schools in Shanghai. Her English is nearly fluent.She is studying German, and her physics scores are among the best. Her goal is to receive a full scholarship from Harvard University to study biochemistry. It's not just Western expatriates who hear about British students like shellyth, politicians, parents and pundits worried that the diligence and discipline of Eastern children has left the relatively relaxed Westerners behind.中文翻译：西方学生享受着看似轻松的教育体验，但亚洲的学生却并非如此，他们面临着繁重的工作量，而且在全球化的第一阶段往往非常自律。
中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响17
中西文化差异对英语翻译的影响摘要：文化的含义很广泛，不同国家的风速习惯、风土人情、文学艺术、宗教历史以及行为方式都各部想用。
语言作为国家文化中的一个重要部分，其包含着国家的很多传统风俗以及发展历史。
英语以及汉语就有着各自的历史以及特征，因此，在日常翻译的过程中，两个国家的语言就会存在很多的问题，经常会存在和原句意思不一样的情况，这也就是英汉互译中文化差异的体现。
关键词：中西文化；文化差异；背景；英汉互译1.宗教文化的差异对英语翻译的影响基督教文化是西方文化的主体，现有的西方文化大多都是由基督教文化衍生而来的，所以要充分了解西方文化，就需要先对基督教文化有所学习和了解，这样才能了解更多的西方的文化传统和历史渊源，从而更好地进行翻译工作。
在很多的词汇上，英语和汉语都有其对应的词汇，但因为历史文化不同，却有着不同的意思。
例如说龙，英语里翻译成dragon，虽然字面上的意思都为龙，但是在两种语言环境中表达的含义完全不同。
中国皇帝的龙袍上刺绣着五爪金龙，在中国龙一直都是皇帝、神圣、高贵的象征，中国龙是中华民族的图腾，是中华文化的象征，代表着中华民族的文化底蕴。
而在西方，dragon代表的是一种七头的爬行怪物，是不祥、邪恶、怪物、凶残的代名词，所以在翻译时，就要尤其注意这一类词汇，以免发生错误。
2.风俗习惯的差异对英语翻译的影响每个民族都有其不同的风俗习惯，风俗习惯不仅代表一个民族和地区的生活方式，还受到生活环境、文化教育、政治政策、经济、宗教等多方面的影响。
而语言作为一个民族最有特色的文化，记载这些点点滴滴，会很大程度上反映出风俗及习惯，经常用的习惯用语更是可以反映出民族的风情习俗。
比如说英国人常说的“allatsea”，不了解英国风俗习惯的人肯定会翻译成“在海上”，但这是英国人常说的习惯用语，表示为茫然不知所措。
3.英汉互译中肯定句与否定句差异及其对英语翻译的影响为了提升翻译工作的质量，就要最大限度地弱化文化差异对英语翻译工作的影响。
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简析中西方文化差异与英语翻译
论文摘要：翻译的本质是两种文化的交流。
文化的差异是一个译者必须要处理好的问题，如果处理不当就容易让读者产生歧义。
分析了中西方主要的文化差异，并对主要的差异进行了举例说明。
介绍了对于这种差异的基本翻译方法，它们分别是：异化法、归化法和音译法。
并对这些方法进行了解释。
论文关键词：文化差异;处理方法;异化法;归化法;音译法
语言是社会的产物，是人类历史和文化的结晶。
它凝聚着一个民族世代相传的社会意识，历史文化，风俗习惯等各方面人类社会所有的特征。
不同的文化需要沟通。
沟通离不开翻译，可见文化及其交流是翻译发生的本源，翻译是文化交流的产物。
翻译教学和研究的经验表明:翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析的基础上。
翻译之所以困难,归根结底是语言差异和文化差异。
英汉两种语言在表达方式上有相似之处,但更多的是差异。
因此，了解中西方文化的差异对于翻译来说是非常重要的。
1 中西方主要文化差异
在中国两千多年的封建社会历史的过程中，儒家思想一直占据统治
地位，对中国社会产生极其深远的影响。
中国人向来以谦让作为处世经典，这便是儒家的“中庸之道”。
“中”是儒家追求的理想境界，人生处世要以仁、义、礼、智、信的道德观念作为行为指南，接人待物，举止言谈要考虑温、良、恭、俭、让，以谦虚为荣，以虚心为本。
因此中国文化体现出群体性的文化特征，即不允许把个人价值凌驾于群体利益之上的。
西方人平等意识较强、家庭结构简单，由父母及未成年子女组成核心家庭；西方文化中人们思想流派众多，个体意识强烈，主动性多，易激动不稳定。
西方以个人为重，四海为家，而中国以社稷为重，乡里为重，家庭为重，个人次之；在姓名的排列上，西方人以自己的名字领先，父名次之，族姓居后，中国人反之：宗族在前，辈分次之，自名最后；其他如地址顺序、时间顺序也都如此，西方人是具体或个体在前，整体在后，中国人则倒过来。
很多中外学者都探讨过中西文化差异，归纳起来有这几个方面：
（1）原语中的文化概念在目的语中没有对应的词。
如英语中各种各样的帽子：beret （贝雷帽）,bowler （常礼帽）等等，而汉语里却没有的词汇，所以对这些词的翻译大多是解释性的。
中文中有些词汇找不到对应的英语词汇。
如阎王一词，英语里有devil, demon, Satan 大致等于中文的魔鬼，与阎王大不相同。
（2）原语和目的语有对应的词，但意义不同。
例如“狗”，在中国文化里与狗有关的成语多是贬义的，如狗急跳墙，狗屁不通等，而在西方，狗被视作人们忠诚的朋友，常以狗的形象比喻人的行为，此时
狗不含贬义。
如，top dog（优胜者）。
（3）原语概念有明确的分类，而目的语则没有。
如grandpa一词在中文中有两个相对应的词（爷爷和外公），cousin对应于中文的堂兄弟、堂姐妹、表兄弟、表姐妹。
汉语把表亲区分的非常严格，既要分性别又要区别大小，根本不像英语一个词笼统了事。
（4）不同的风俗习惯、客观生活环境、民族心理、观察事物的角度和方法，促使了语言不同的表达方式。
如狮子在西方有兽王之称，从著名动画片《狮子王》（The Lion King）中就可看出;而中国文化里虎是百兽之王，东汉许慎所著《说文解字》说虎乃“山兽之君”，却没有收入狮子。
2 翻译方法
由于这些差异的存在，对于译者来说如何处理这些差异，并最准确翻译出原中的文化概念是非常重要的。
处理这种差异有以下几种方法：（1）异化法。
在译文中保留原文里的文化意象，就是把外国的价值观归化到目的语文化之中。
如将cowboy 翻译成牛仔，汉语中并没有牛仔一词，它并不是中国文化里的一个意象，读到这个词中国人不能想象出这是怎样的一类人。
但是事实却是中国人接受了这个译法，牛仔也成了佳译。
类似成功的例子还有：Trojan horse （特洛伊木马）、golden age （黄金时代）等。
（2）归化法。
即“离经叛道地把外国文体中的语言和文化差异表现出来，把读者送到外国去”,这也就是说用目的语里的文化意象来取代原文里的文化意象，或用目的语既有的词汇来翻译。
“to take French leave”,如翻译成“作法国式离别”,那么译文就陷入了字字对译的死胡同,读来令人费解。
这一说法产生于十八世纪的法国,当时赴宴的客人有不向主人告别便自行离去的习俗,因此译为“不辞而别”,便一目了然了。
（3）音译法。
有些文化词汇和意象在译入语里是空缺的，且很难用一两个字准确地译出它的意思，这时就需要将原文的发音用目的语相近的音表达出来，即音译法。
汉语文化中特有的事物在英语文化中完全空缺，这时可采用音译法将具有特殊文化内涵的词语“移植”到英语文化中去。
如：“功夫”kong fu、“乌龙茶”oolong等。
许多采用音译法翻译的词语已成为英语中的外来词，被西方大众广泛接受。
3 结语
语言是文化的一部分,也是文化的传承者。
文化依靠语言进行传播、交流。
东西方文化的差异对英汉互译产生了深远的影响。
因此对于译者来说熟悉中英两种文化甚至比掌握这两种语言更为重要。
翻译离不开文化，没有基于文化的翻译是达不到交流的目的的。
本文只列举了三种基本的翻译方法，对于文化意象处理的问题，并没有统一的翻译方法和公式，译者应根据上下文灵活处理。