2019届高考英语二轮复习 专题一 阅读理解 第1讲 细节理解题讲义
2019届高三英语二轮复习 基于主题意义下的阅读理解之细节理解专题课教学课件 (共21张PPT)
Word Bank: 硕果累累的__fr_u_it_f_ul__________ 复杂的 _____c_o_m_p_le_x__________ 丰富的_____a_b_u_nd_a_n_t_________ 独一无二的__u_n_iq_u_e__________ 人造的______a_rt_if_ic_ia_l_________
B. One out of five people got rich. Tip: 数字计算
Word Bank: 对于…有充分的理由__h_a_ve__a_g_o_o_d_r_ea_s_o_n_f_o_r…____ 便利，便捷n. _c_o_n_v_en_i_e_n_ce_____ 成功去往某处__m_a_k_e_i_t _to_…_____ 必需品n. __n_ec_e_s_si_t_y __________ 主导产业__ch_i_e_f _in_d_u_s_tr_y_______
Tianhe Sports Center in 1987
Tianhe Sports Center in 2017
To be a careful and conscious reader
高考二轮复习专题：阅读理解之细节理解
广州市花都区秀全中学 吴桦 20190301
After this period, we will be able to…
25. Why does the author recommend that adults regularly talk to boys about reading? A. To persuade boys to read more often. B. To learn what boys are most interested in. C. To help boys improve their language ability. D. To show that adults are good reading role models.
2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第1讲【细节理解题】
2019年高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇一第1讲【细节理解题】专题一阅读理解[全国卷3年考情分析]题型与题量卷别细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题考情分析从统计表可以看出，高考英语阅读理解的题型设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，兼顾主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
细节理解题相对简单，而其他三种题型相对较难。
在近两年的考查趋向上，细节理解题的答案更加隐蔽，叙述含蓄，直接信息题会越来越少，取而代之的将是事实细节题加入许多推理、判断、归纳等元素；推理判断题的难度会适当加大。
本专题将对这四种题型进行递进式的指导。
2018卷Ⅰ7521卷Ⅱ9321卷Ⅲ93212017卷Ⅰ7611卷Ⅱ5622卷Ⅲ66212016卷Ⅰ10311卷Ⅱ7512卷Ⅲ8412第一讲细节理解题——定位信息巧比对细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。
因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。
尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。
细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。
一、题型特点要知晓(一)细节理解题常见设问方式1．特殊疑问句形式。
以when,where,what,which,who,how much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．判断是非形式。
含有TRUE/FALSE,NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。
此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not,never等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。
如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from________.(二)细节理解题正确选项特征同义替换指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。
2019届高考英语二轮复习训练01阅读理解1 Word版含解析
强化训练01阅读理解(一)(45分钟，100分)APeople aren't walking any more－if they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either, I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced－and beat－a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise－the most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flower, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world, He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.1. What was life like when the author was young?A. People usually went around on foot.B. People often walked 25 miles a day.C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.D. People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.2. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that __________.A. middle-aged people like getting back to natureB. walking in nature helps enrich one's mindC. people need regular exercise to keep fitD. going on foot prevents heart disease3. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?A. A queue of cars.B. A ray of traffic light.C. A flash of lightning.D. A stream of people.4. What is the author's intention of writing this passage?A. To tell people to reflect more on life.B. To recommend people to give up driving.C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.D. To encourage people to return to walking.【语篇解读】本文主要关于步行对于身体和心灵的益处。
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解精选(01)及解析
2019高考英语二轮阅读理解精选（01）及解析A(·湖北卷，A) Honesty，mymumalwaysusedtotellme，isthebestpolicy.Ofcourse，thisdidn'tincludeherwhenshetoldmethatifIdidn'teatallmyvegetablesFatherChristmas wouldfindoutandwouldn'tgivemeanypresents.Butwhenitcomestomedicine，Ihadassumeditwasimportanttoalwaysbehonestwithmypatients.Afterall，thedoctorpatientrelationshipisbasedontrust，andthereforehonestyisessential.OrsoIthought.Ihadjuststartedworkingingeriatrics(老年病科)、Mr.McMahonwasbroughtinwhenhisbellywasfoundveryswollen.Itookamedicalhistoryfromh isdaughterwho'daccompaniedhimintheambulance.She'dbeenhismaincarerforyears.Istoo dlookingathimasshegaveadetailedhistory.“Hashelostanyweightrecently？”Iasked，“Well，it'sfunnyyoushouldmentionthat，butyes，”shesaidslowly.Therewassilenceforafewmoments.“Why?Whatareyouworriedabout？”sheasked，Ihesitated.ShewasobviouslyveryinvolvedinhiscareanditwasonlyfairthatItoldherthet ruth.“Well，weneedtoproveit'snotcancer.”IsaidandtalkedbrieflyaboutsomeofthetestsIwasgoingtoorder.Halfanhourlater，anursecalledme:“Mr.McMahon'sdaughterbrokedown—shesaidyoutoldherhehadcancer.”Myheartsank.BythetimeIarrivedattheward，myconsultantwasalreadythere，explainingthatwestillhadtorunlotsoftestsandthatitwasbynomeansconfirmedthathehad cancer.Istoodsilentlyattheendofthebed.Myconsultantwasobviouslyangrywithmeandasw eleftMr.McMahon，sheturnedtome.“Whyonearthdidyoudothat？”sheaskedindisbelief.Ilookedatherandbitmylip.“SheaskedmewhatIwasworriedaboutandItoldher.”Isaid，hanging_my_head.“Andgivehermoretoworryabout？”repliedmyconsultant.“Youdon'tsaytheword‘cancer’untilit'sconfirmed.Evenifyoususpectit，thinkverycarefullybeforeyoutellpeople.”Asitturnedout，itwasn'tcancer.ButIdidlearnthatwhensomeoneisstressedandworriedabouttheirlovedon ethey'resometimesselectiveinwhattheyhear—andasadoctorit'simportanttobemindfulofthis.Inbeingtruthful，I'dmadethesituationworse.原本在一位医生的心目中，诚实是第一位的；而且在工作中也是奉行诚实本分的处世原那么。
2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲1【间接细节理解题】
2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲1【间接细节理解题】细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。
间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。
考生不能从原文中直接找到答案，而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。
[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)...Of the common berries,strawberries are highest in vitamin C,although,because of their seeds,raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质),iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein)．Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质)．The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries(樱桃),they are so delicious who cares? However,they are rich in vitamin C....24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?A．They contain protein.B．They are high in vitamin A.C．They have a pleasant taste.D．They are rich in antioxidants.[解析]选C在该选段中，作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优点，从其中“As for cherries(樱桃),they are so delicious who cares？”这句话可知，人们喜欢樱桃是因为它们味道甜美。
2019届高考英语二轮复习课件：专题一 阅读理解1.1
1．直接细节理解题 [示例](2015· 全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A节选) Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum [1]Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. They end around 21：00. November 7th [2]The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”． ...
3．多细节理解题之正误判断 [示例](2015· 福建阅读理解A节选) Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling [1]May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes，roll a complete cheese along a 50metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors' lane (赛道). Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题1阅读理解考点1细节理解题素能强化2018121622
细节理解题真题题组A(2017·全国Ⅰ，B)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking； survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰)on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2－to 3－week－old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all！The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH ！ The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为一个野生动物救助和教育机构的志愿者，成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题1阅读理解考点1细节理解题ppt版本
名师点津
• 细节理解题主要考查在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些 定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义，在高考中比重最大，在应 文中尤为常见。做题时应该注意：
• 1．明晰三种常见设问方式：
• 细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息 常见的命题方式有：
• ❺ How much should a member of a tour group pay t visit Hall & Gardens？ ______
B
• A．￡12. 00. B．￡9. 00.
• C．￡8. 00. D．￡5. 50.
• 解析：细节理解题。根据文章的Admission Charges部分中 Hall & Gardens一列与Groups一行的交叉点可知，旅游团的一个 员游览Hall & Gardens所需要的费用为￡9. 00。故选B。
第一编
专题一 阅读理解
考点1 细节理解题
1
真题体验
2
技法例析
3
即时巩固
4
素能强化
真题体验
A (2018·全国Ⅱ
Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/carers，and select two acti they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for the indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised，parents/ will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解专题 经典精讲(上)讲义
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题经典精讲（上）讲义开篇语试题简介阅读理解是高考英语的重点。
得阅读者得天下，谁阅读好谁就考的好。
那么，具备什么条件才可以做好阅读理解试题呢？请注意以下六条要求：1、能迅速看准每一句的结构，找出主句的主语、谓语和宾语。
2、有一定的词汇量和分辨词义词性的能力。
3、能灵活运用所学过的语法和词汇知识，对影响意思理解的复合句、非谓语动词短语、关联词语、后置定语、省略、替代和跳跃等语言现象做出正确判断。
4、有良好的思维能力。
会边看边加工所得到的信息，从而做出正确的推理判断，综合概括，准确理解表面意思和深层含义。
5、会精读，也会跳读和略读。
6、具有相当的阅读实践经验和良好的语感及应有的异国文化知识。
设问特点和常考问题高考阅读理解部分所问问题可分为四类，即主旨大意题，具体细节题，推断词义句义题和判断推理题。
以下分别谈谈它们的设问特点和常考问题。
主旨大意题设问特点：1、考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2、正确选项概括范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3、错误选项的特点常常是太大，太窄或偏离主题，主观臆断。
4、此类题数量较大，在20个题中约占5—7个。
常考问题：1. The best title of this passage should be ______.2. The key point of this passage is that ________.3. The story mainly tells us ________.4. The main idea of Paragraph 1 is ________.5. What is the subject discussed in the text?具体细节题设问特点：1、考查事件，地点，人物，物品和观点的具体细节。
2、问题一般比较直白。
3、答案常常是原文的一句话或一个词，但可能变换了说法。
4、错误答案明显与原文不符。
5、也可能是常识错误导致选错答案。
(全国卷)2019届高三英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解习题讲评课三推理判断题增分点(一)_细节推断课件
[解析] 选 B
根据本段最后一句“Some language experts
believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知， 在狩猎时代， 人口少， 语言种类却很多，故选 B。
reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可 知，许多家长仍然限制孩子阅读电子读物的原因，主要是担心 孩子看电子屏幕时间增加，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。 故选 C。
答案：C
C(2017· 全国卷Ⅰ 阅读 B 节选) I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. ...
30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading? A．Ebooks are of poor quality. B．It could be a waste of time. C．It may harm children’s health. D．Ereaders are expensive. 解析： 根据选段最后一句中的“many parents still limit electronic
高考英语二轮复习专题1 四种题型解读 题型1 细节理解
MARTIN POSTLE
题型一 细节理解
1
题型针对练
21．What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English
Contemporaries? A.Sun. 26 Oct.
×
张冠李戴
B.Thurs. 30 Oct.
√
原词复现
C.Thurs. 6 Nov.
题型一 细节理解
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题型针对练
(2022·全国卷Ⅰ，D节选) It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
admission?
A.￡4.
×
张冠李戴
B.￡8.
√
语言简化
C.￡12.
×
曲解文意
2019版高考英语二轮复习第1板块专题1阅读理解第1节两年真题再做学案(含解析)
第1节两年真题再做A篇(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，A)Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers，and select two activities they would like to do.Forms will be available in school and online forthem to indicate their choices and return to school.Before choices are finalised，parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices.Activity Description Member ofstaffCostOutdoor Adventure (OUT) Take yourself out of your comfort zone for aweek，discover new personal qualities，andlearn new skills.You will be able to take partin a number of activities from canoeing to wildcamping on Dartmoor.Learn rock climbing andwork as a team，and enjoy the great outdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemens ￡ 140WWⅠBattlefields and Paris(WBP) On Monday we travel to London.After stayingovernight in London，we travel on Day 2 tonorthern France to visit the World War Ⅰ battlefields.On Day 3 we cross intoBelgium.Thursday sees us make the shortjourney to Paris where we will visitDisneyland Paris park，staying until late tosee the parade and the fireworks.Our finalday，Friday，sees us visit central Paris andtour the main sights.Mrs.Wilson ￡ 425Crafty Foxes (CRF) Four days of product design centred aroundtextiles.Making lovely objects using recycledand made materials.Bags，cushions anddecorations...Learn skills and leave withmodern and unusual textiles.Mrs.Goode ￡ 30Potty aboutPotter(POT) Visit Warner Bros Studio，shop stop to buypicnic，stay overnight in an approved YouthHostel in Streatley-on-Thames，guided tour ofOxford to see the film locations，picnic lunchoutside Oxford's Christchurch，boating on theRiver Cherwell through the University Parks，before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake ￡ 150【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，是一则有关暑期活动的广告，该广告主要向学生们推荐了四个不同风格的活动。
2019版二轮复习英语通用版讲义：第一板块阅读理解之题型篇专题二第三讲阅读七选五稳准解题技法
第三讲阅读七选五稳准解题技法——画→析→找→验“画→析→找→验”解题示范[例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)[1]Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.[2]__36__ We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.[3]“I adore dancing，”says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful.__37__ It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life.”[4]__38__ “I can tell you about one young couple，”says Bridges.“They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.__39__”[5]So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says，“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.__40__ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive.”A．So why do we dance?B．Dance in the U．S. is everywhere.C．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.D．My older students say it makes them feel young.E．I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired.F．Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.第一步：画出文章结构1．析空格特征1．根据第三步做出的初步判断，把36.B37.D38.A39.F40.E代入原文后，五个答案皆符合上下文语境。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第一节细节理解题课件
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【攻坚克难】 一、整体读文的两种常见方式
方式一：文章→问题→文章。先粗读文章，然后看问题，再回头精读文章。其 优点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度；其不足是降低了阅读速度，难以 在阅读时积极主动地预测文章内容。
方式二：问题→文章→问题。先看问题，带着问题阅读文章，最后答题。其优 点是针对性强，节约时间，适宜解答事实性和细节性问题。其不足是对文章的主旨 把握不具体、对做推断性问题的效果不明显。
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[技巧点拨] 利用平行结构可快速定位信息。本文每一则启事中的信息和位置具有一致性和对应 性，只要看清一则启事中信息呈现的先后顺序，其他几则启事中信息的呈现顺序也就 明了了。读完题干后就可以根据这一特征快速地查找所需要的信息。如读完23题题干 后，直接到每则启事的最后部分去搜索适宜人群的信息即可。
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建议：根据语篇的变化灵活地选用阅读方式。在实际的阅读中对两种方式进行有机结合。 对于事实性、细节性较多的应用文类题目可以直奔信息源，对信息源进行分析、解读， 做出有所依据的判断；对含有主旨类、推理类题目的语篇，要读得进去——找细节，更 要站得出来——看意群，明结构。无论哪种方式，一旦确定适合自身的方式，应持之以 恒、形成习惯。
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二、击破词、句的两大技法 阅读理解涉及词汇、句子、段落、语篇四个层面，而其中最根本的是词汇。词汇是构成 语言的基本元素，是理解语言的底层储备。积累足够多的词汇是提升阅读技能的第一步。 词汇层面：在阅读过程中，对于无关紧要的词汇要学着“跳过去”，比如人名、地名、 组织名等。对语篇中适量词汇意义的理解存在模糊甚至不知其意的状况是正常现象，大 不必心生焦虑；对影响阅读质量、影响解题的关键生词要“猜出来”。具体方法在后面 “词义猜测”部分进行阐述。
2019版高考英语二轮复习第1板块专题1阅读理解第2节四种题型解读课件
题型二 推理判断题
隐含信息、言外 作者的观点、看法、情 文章出处、读者对
之意
感态度
象
预测后文
通过归纳、演绎、通过对事件、景物、话 通过对格式、结
通过对上文情节、
类比等方式从已 语的深入分析推出作 构、内容的分析，
事理的叙述的理
知信息中推出未 者含蓄、隐晦地表达出 推出文章的出处、
解，结合行文逻辑
知信息，由已言 的观点或看法；体会作 题材范围和阅读
22．How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A．￡12.00.
B．￡9.00.
C．￡8.00.
D．￡5.50.
[解题指导] 考查细节理解题之数字确定。根据 Admission Charges 中的内 容可知，参观 Hall & Gardens 时，购买团体票(Groups)的价格为 9 英镑，故选 B 项。
21．Which tour do you need to book in advance? A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C. D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. [解题指导] 考查细节理解题之事实认定。根据第一部分中的“Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms—disappear！”可知，这个 骑自行车旅游需要提前预定。故选 A 项。
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2．语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化， 设置为答案。
3．正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正 确选项。
二、细节理解题干扰选项的特征
1．张冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 2．无中生有。符合常识，但不是文章的内容。 3．曲解文意。与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个 细节处有些变动。 4．颠倒是非。在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相 反。 5．正误参半。部分正确，部同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。 如把 lose one s job 换成了 be out of work；有时候词性 或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性， 如把 important 改成 of importance；改变原文中句子的 语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。
2．判断是非的形式。含有 TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false 或 EXCEPT 等词的判断是非的问题。要注意题 干中是否含有否定词，如 not，never 等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如 The teacher used Tinkertoys in order to________。
3．准确定位阅读材料的题材和体裁，抓住正确选项 和干扰选项的特征，把握短文材料的主旨大意，依照题 目和自然段对应的关系，找出事实依据，排除绝对意义 的语义选项，提高阅读速度和精确度。
第 讲 细节理解题
1．特殊疑问句形式。以 when，where，what，which， who，how much/many 等疑问词开头引出问题。
一、直接信息题——“关键词”定位法 首先从问题中找到“关键词”，然后以此为线索， 运用略读和跳读的技巧在文中快速寻找“关键词”细节 部分，找到后仔细阅读这一部分内容，仔细对比文中细 节与所给选项的细微差别，然后确定最佳答案。
【真题例析 1】(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解 A 片段)
Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific Science Center's Store Don't forget to stop by Pacific Science Center's Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. …
21．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A．In Building 1. B．In Building 3. C．At the Laser Dome. D．At the Denny Way entrance.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的 buy a souvenir 可 定 位 到 文 章 第 一 部 分 。 在 太 平 洋 科 学 中 心 商 店 (Pacific Science Center's Store)可以买纪念品，再根据该部分最后 一句“The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3...”可知，该商店在三号楼，故选 B 项。A、C、D 三项 张冠李戴。
(2)题材丰富，包括日常生活、科普知识、人物传记、 文化风俗、史地趣闻等，有较强时代感。体裁广泛，主 要有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。短文语言地 道，来源出处多样，大多是英语原版书籍的节选、报纸 杂志和网站的时文改编等。
(3)设题类型以事实细节题和推理判断题为主，题干 的设计和选项的设置都具有灵活巧妙、含蓄隐蔽、迂回 曲折等特点，考生要准确理解全文，明确题意，排除干 扰，找出原文依据，深刻细致思考后才能得出答案。
【真题例析 2】(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解 A)
You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
对于两种答题模式，可根据题型而做出选择，以提 高答题效率。
2．许多学生习惯于 5～8 分钟的单篇阅读理解，而面 对整卷大量长时间的阅读时，往往会表现出烦躁不安， 缺乏信心和毅力，出现“晕场”的心理障碍。所以，在 备考训练中有必要组织进行长于 35 分钟的高于高考难 度、大于高考阅读量的课后限时训练，以培养信心和毅 力。
专题一 阅读理解
[考情分析] 1．全国卷 3 年高考统计表
2.高考解读 阅读理解是高考全国卷中分值最高的题型，4 篇短文 总计 15 题，总分 30 分。同时，阅读理解能力也是其他语 言能力发展的基础，能够培养语感，促进词汇积累，提 高写作水平，综合提升英语运用能力。做好阅读理解要 清楚高考阅读理解短文的特点： (1)阅读理解短文短小精悍，最长不超过 350 个单词， 4 篇文章总词量 1100 词左右。
[解题指导]
1．阅读短文和读题审题的先后顺序问题。 Passage→Questions→Passage 这种答题模式有利于 把握文章的主旨和作者的态度情感，但是速度较慢，不 能在阅读过程中积极主动地预测文章内容，不能快速地 把握题目和选项的关联性。因此，阅读过程缺乏主观能 动性。
Questions→Passage→Questions 这种答题模式针对 性较强，节省答题时间，可用来解答细节性的问题，但 是对于主旨性和推断性问题显得效果不明显。