英国地理英文版
英国地理介绍英文
英国地理介绍英文Geography of the United KingdomIntroductionThe United Kingdom (UK) is a diverse and fascinating country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe. With its rich history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant cities, the UK offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity. In this article, we will explore the geography of the UK, including its physical features, climate, and major cities.Physical FeaturesThe geography of the UK is characterized by its varied topography and diverse landforms. The country consists of four distinct regions: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. England, located in the southeast, is the largest and most populous region. It is known for its rolling hills, expansive plains, and picturesque coastline.Scotland, to the north, is marked by its majestic highlands and rugged landscapes. The Scottish Highlands are famous for their breathtaking mountains, deep glens, and pristine lochs. This region offers unparalleled opportunities for hiking, mountaineering, and wildlife spotting.Wales, located to the west, is renowned for its stunning coastline and mountainous terrain. The country is home to Snowdonia National Park, which boasts the highest peak in Wales, Mount Snowdon. The park attracts thousands of outdoor enthusiasts every year, who come to explore its vast network of hiking trails and enjoy its breathtaking landscapes.Northern Ireland, situated on the island of Ireland, is known for its dramatic coastline, lush green hills, and vibrant cities. The Giant's Causeway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a must-visit destination in Northern Ireland. This natural wonder features a series of interlocking basalt columns and offers a glimpse into the country's geological past.ClimateThe climate in the UK is influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream. As a result, the weather is often changeable and unpredictable. Generally, the UK experiences mild temperatures, with cool summers and mild winters.In England, the south and southeast regions tend to be warmer and drier compared to the rest of the country. Scotland, on the other hand, has a cooler and wetter climate, particularly in the highland areas. Wales and Northern Ireland have similar climatic conditions to that of England, with mild temperatures and moderate rainfall.Major CitiesThe UK is home to several vibrant and culturally significant cities. London, the capital and largest city of the UK, is a global metropolis known for its iconic landmarks, including the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, and the Houses of Parliament. It is a hub of finance, culture, and entertainment, attracting millions of visitors each year.Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is renowned for its stunning architecture and historical significance. The city's medieval Old Town and elegant Georgian New Town are both UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Every August, Edinburgh hosts the famous Edinburgh Festival, a celebration of arts and culture.Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a thriving city with a rich history and a vibrant cultural scene. The city boasts numerous castles and museums, including Cardiff Castle and the National Museum Cardiff. Cardiff is also renowned for its sporting events, particularly rugby matches at the Principality Stadium.Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland, is a city that has undergone significant transformation in recent decades. It is now a vibrant and cosmopolitan destination, offering visitors a blend of historical landmarks, such as the Belfast City Hall, and modern attractions, such as the Titanic Belfast museum.ConclusionThe geography of the United Kingdom is incredibly diverse, offering a wide range of landscapes, climates, and cultural experiences. Whether you are exploring the rolling hills of England, hiking in the Scottish Highlands, or immersing yourself in the vibrant cities, the UK has something to offer everyone. From its rich history to its stunning natural beauty, the UK is a country that continues to captivate visitors from around the world.。
专八人文地理：英国地理
1．The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．2．There are three political divisions on the islands of Great Britain： England，Scotland and Wales．3．About a hundred years ago，Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area．4．The Britain Empire was replaced by the Britain commonwealth in 1931，which is a free association of independent counties that were once colonies of Britain．5．Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east．6．Britain has，for centuries， been tilting with the northwest slowly rising， and the southeast slowly sinking．The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands．The southeast and east are mainly lowlands．7．The pennies， a range of hills running from north midlands to Scottish border， are the principal mountain chain．8．Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in Britain， and the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in Britain．9．There are three natural zones in Scotland：the highlands in the north，the central lowlands，and the southern uplands．The lowlands in the center comprise mostly the forth and Clyde valleys．10．Edinburgh， Cardiff and Belfast are the capitals of Scotland， Wales and Northern Ireland．11．Scotland has about 800 islands，including the Orkney，Shetlands and Hebrides．苏格兰有800座岛屿，包括奥克内群岛，谢特兰群岛和赫不里德群岛。
英国地理
National Flag: the Union Flag / the Union Jack
联合王国国旗/英国国旗
the cross of St. George (red on white) for England the cross of St. Andrew (white diagonal on blue) for Scotland the cross of St. Patrick (red diagonal on white) for Ireland.
Water shortage
a water surplus in the north and west, and a water shortage in the south and east——caused by a dense population.
Weather
dreary protracted drizzle lack of sunshine, esp. in the winter changeable The infamous London “pea soup fogs” were a past.
The factors that influence the climate in Britain
The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer; The prevailing south-west winds blow over the country all the year round, bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate; The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and war person from the UK?
英国地理位置
英国地理位置英国地理位置英国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），简称英国（UK），位于欧洲大陆西北部，由四个国家组成，即英格兰（England）、苏格兰（Scotland）、威尔士（Wales）和北爱尔兰（Northern Ireland）。
英国地处欧洲经济大陆西侧，与法国隔海相望。
英国的主要特点是位于英吉利海峡以西，大西洋东岸。
它的地理位置使其成为一个重要的海上交通枢纽，且与欧洲其他国家相隔并不遥远。
英国的经度范围是从西经7°33'到2°20'（即从威克角西部到多佛尔角），纬度范围是从北纬49°55'到59°25'（即从南端的诺曼底地区到北端的苏格兰高地）。
从地形上来看，英国拥有多样的地貌特征。
北方的苏格兰高地地势较高，山脉众多，最高峰为本内维斯山（Ben Nevis，高1344米）。
南部的英格兰则地势较为平坦，中部的英格兰腹地则是丘陵地带，这里的中央丘陵分水岭将英国划分为西北向和东南向两个主要的水系。
南部的多佛尔白崖是英国最著名的地质特征之一。
英国沿海线长约12,429公里，拥有许多重要的港口，如伦敦港、利物浦港、南安普敦港和纽卡斯尔港等。
英国最大的河流是塞文河（River Severn）和泰晤士河（River Thames），它们都是重要的水道。
英国气候温和多变，主要受到暖湿气流和大西洋海流的影响。
气候差异在不同地区之间非常明显。
南部和东部地区气候较为温暖，冬季较短而夏季相对较长。
苏格兰和威尔士山区的气候更加寒冷和潮湿，冬天常常有降雪。
英国的自然资源有石油、天然气、煤炭、铜、锌、铅和黄金等。
此外，英国还拥有丰富的农业资源，包括肥沃的农田和丰富多样的海产品。
由于地理位置和气候条件的限制，英国的农业以畜牧业为主，同时也有相当规模的粮食种植、蔬菜和水果产业。
课件-英国地理英文版
standing out for its imposing location and storied history
Wales
Wales
a mountainous country in the west of Great Britain. takeing up less than 9% of the whole island.
Union Jack
The map of the UK
The location of the UK
• Britain is situated in western Europe and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. • It is an insular country. Its coastline runs 12,429 km, It is one of the countries with longest coastline. • To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America.
The highlands in Scotland：
sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges dominating the region, and including the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis The film: Brave Heart
Northern Ireland
英国地理
Introduction The UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Discussion Exercises
the symbol of the red lion Scotland;
The bottom left corner of the golden
harp, the symbol of Ireland. Shield
emblem on each side of the head by a
Scotland
Part I Geography
Introduction The UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Discussion Exercises
Chapter I A Brief Introduction to
Physical Geography
Introduction The UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Discussion Exercises
Introduction The UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Discussion Exercises
3. National Medal (Badge):
Chapter I
England Ireland( harp)
Center for a nuclear shield emblem
英国地理
Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands
• Although England, Welsh, Northern Ireland belong to the British, Scotland nation retains its own culture and traditions, colorful plaid, men are proud of the plaid skirt and high Scotland bagpipe. Scotland people warm, as full-bodied, intense, the prestigious Scotland whiskey. There are 500 years ago to build the education system and the outstanding university. From here to promote the Industrial Revolution -- the invention of the steam engine, flatland country, also called Lowland zone • Pennines: the backbone of England • Lake district • Highly urbanized -80% of population living in cities -only 2% working in agriculture • Physically largest with largest population • Dominance in: size/ culture/ economy -take England for UK
人文知识 英国地理(含图片详解)
人文知识英国：概述简称：UK，Britain（英国，不列颠）, United Kingdom （联合王国）;全称: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国) .地理位置：位于欧洲大陆临近西北海岸线的国家 a state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe ; surrounded by （被…包围）the Atlantic Ocean(大西洋)，the North Sea(北海)，the English Channel（英吉利海峡）and the Irish Sea(爱尔兰海)。
Four parts: EnglandScotlandWalesNorthern Ireland 与爱尔兰共和国（The Republic of Ireland）接壤：the only part of UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state.国旗（National Flag）: Union Flag, Union Jack.Made up of the individual Flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.国歌（National Anthem）: God Save the Queen/King(天佑女王/吾王)A patriotic song first performed in 1745; became known as the National Anthem from the beginning of the nineteenth century.国庆日（National Day）: 无正式国庆日；the Queen’s Official Birthday(the second Saturday of June)英女王的官方诞辰即6月第二个星期六。
Geography of the UK---英国地理
• West of the Pennines in the Lancashire / Cheshire Plain • South of the Pennines in the Midlands——the Industrial Heart of England or the Black Country（布莱克地区） • East of the Pennines in the Vale of York
Location
•Between latitudes 49°N and 59°N, and longitudes 8°W to 2°E •Surrounded by four seas •Located in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe •Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.
•Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UK(1,344 metres) •Edinburgh •Glasgow（格拉斯哥）
the capital of Scotland the second biggest city in Scotland the biggest city in Scotland
The Lake District
Four Regions of the U.K.
Southwestern Uplands South and Southeast
England
One of the warmest and most pleasant regions in the UK
英国地理位置英文介绍
The United Kingdom has a temperate maritime climate, characterized by mild temperatures, abundant rainfall, and changeable weather conditions. The climate is influenced by the surrounding Atlantic Ocean, which moderates temperature extremes and contributes to the high levels of precipitation. The south of England generally experiences warmer and drier conditions than the north, where the climate is cooler and wetter.
一、Geographic Coordinates
The geographic coordinates of the United Kingdom are approximately 54°N latitude and 2°W longitude. These coordinates place the UK in the northern and eastern hemispheres, with its closest neighbors being Ireland to the west and France to the south. The UK also shares maritime borders with Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, and Denmark.
英国概况--地理介绍
north and west: highlands (highland zone)
east and southeast: lowland (lowland zone)
Four Parts: England, Scotland, Wales and
Northern Ireland
(1/6 of Ireland)
Southern Ireland
the Republic of Ireland
hundreds of small islands
Geography
Full name of Britain: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Short forms: UK (United Kingdom) Great Britain Britain (England)
(origin, development)
Geography I. British Isles (不列颠群岛）
Position: northwest of European mainland British Isles include: 1）the island of Great Britain 2）the island of Ireland
The ships bound for America often stop at the
ports on the south coast of England.
London: important commercial center
Geography
III. Total area: 242,910 sq. km. Britain is an island country
英国自然地理英文版
1、描述英国，Good morning everyone, before our presentation, I want to share a video with u which is about the country we’re going to talk about later.从北京往西大约8000公里，就是欧亚大陆的西部终端，从这里跨国一道海峡，有一个岛国，国名叫The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，我们通常称作英国。
About 8,000 km west from PeiKing，it’s the western end of Eurasia, from where we can cross a strait, and we can find an island country called The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Usually, we call it short as the United Kingdom.这个国家的面积仅有24万平方公里，在今天也只有6000万人口，但是在世界近代历史上，它却占有非常特殊的地位，它是第一个迈进现代社会的国家，The country has only 24 million square kilometers territory, with a population of only 6,000 million people today. However, in the modern history of the world, it plays a very special role, as the first country who has stepped into the modern society.在18世纪和19世纪的时候，它是世界发展的领头羊，自豪的英国人曾经以日不落帝国来形容自己的国家，因为在19世纪末的时候，它的殖民地遍及亚洲，非洲，美洲，大洋洲所有大陆板块，总面积达到930万平方公里，统治着世界上3亿多的人口，In the 18th and 19th century, it was the world leader in the development. And pride British has ever called themselves as the John Bull, cause in the 19th century, its colonies had already covered all the continents: Asia, Africa, America, and Oceania. Therefore, the total Area of the United Kingdom reached 9.3 million square kilometers at that time. And the UK dominated the more than 300 million of the world population.究竟是什么原因，让这个原本在海洋中安详飘荡的小岛，孕育了超凡的能量，改变了自己，也影响了世界呢？and What’s the reason for the originally floating island in the ocean gaining the extraordinary power to not only change itself but also affect the world?2、概述英国的自然地理环境After watching this video, I want to ask u an interesting question which has confused me for a longtime. That is when translating “英国”into English, which of the following name is the right name? A,B,C or D? I’m so happy that ur all smarter than me, yeah, the answer is all above. Then I’ll give u an explanation through this map.we can see that Located in northwestern Europe, the United Kingdom consists of the Great Britain, Northern Ireland and nearly many islands around it. And the Great Britain composed of three parts: from north to south, they are Scotland, England, and Wales. Although being made up of 4 countries, As its capital is still in London and its mainland is still England, usually we still call the UK as England, or Great Britain.温带海洋型气候（陌生人的谈话一般探讨天气）From this map, we can also find it that the UK is surrounded by the oceans. So it has a temperate maritime climate, which is mild and humid throughout the year. But the weather changes frequently each day. For example, it often rains suddenly, so the British people always go out with an umbrella. And the conversations between strangers usually star from talking about the weather, like” it’s a nice day, isn’t it? That is to say, when communicating with British people, talking about the weather will show your friendship..。
Geography of the United Kingdom
Geography of the United KingdomFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchThe United Kingdom occupies a substantial part of the British Isles.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or UK, is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It comprises the island of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the northeastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland(Northern Ireland), together with many smaller islands. The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49°N and 59°N (the Shetland Islands reach to nearly 61°N), and longitudes 8°W to 2°E. The Royal Greenwich Observatory, in South East London, is the defining point of the Prime Meridian.The UK lies between the North Atlantic and the North Sea, and comes within 35 km (22 mi) of the northwest coast of France, from which it is separated by the English Channel. Northern Ireland shares a 360 km international land boundary with the Republic of Ireland. The Channel Tunnel bored beneath the English Channel, now links the UK with France.Contents[hide]∙ 1 Area∙ 2 Physical geographyo 2.1 Geologyo 2.2 Mountains and hillso 2.3 Rivers and lakeso 2.4 Artificial waterwayso 2.5 Coastline▪ 2.5.1 Inlets▪ 2.5.2 Headlands▪ 2.5.3 Coastal changeo 2.6 Islandso 2.7 Climate∙ 3 Human geographyo 3.1 Demographicso 3.2 Political geography▪ 3.2.1 National government▪ 3.2.2 Local governmento 3.3 Economic geography▪ 3.3.1 Primary industry▪ 3.3.2 Manufacturing▪ 3.3.3 Finance and services▪ 3.3.4 Regional disparity∙ 4 Natural resources∙ 5 Environmento 5.1 Current issueso 5.2 International agreements∙ 6 See also∙7 References∙8 External links[edit] AreaThe total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 245,000 square kilometres (94,600 sq mi) comprising of the island of Great Britain, the northeastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland (Northern Ireland) and smaller islands. England is the largest country of the United Kingdom, at 130,410 square kilometres (50,350 sq mi) accounting for just over half the total area of the UK. Scotland at 78,772 square kilometres (30,410 sq mi),[1] is second largest, accounting for about a third of the area of the UK. Wales and Northern Ireland are much smaller, covering20,758 square kilometres (8,010 sq mi) and 14,160 square kilometres (5,470 sq mi) respectively.The area of the countries of the United Kingdom is set out in the table below. Information about the area of England, the largest country, is also broken down by region.Rank Name Area1 England130,427 km²- South West[2]- East of England- South East[3]- East Midlands- Yorkshire and the Humber- North West[4]- West Midlands[5]- North East[6]- London[7]23,837 km²19,120 km²19,096 km²15,627 km²15,420 km²14,165 km²12,998 km²8,592 km²1,572 km²2 Scotland[8]78,772 km²3 Wales[9]20,778 km²4 Northern Ireland13,843 km²United Kingdom243,820 km²[edit] Physical geographyUK's topographyThe physical geography of the UK varies greatly. The Geography of England consists of lowland terrain, with mountainous terrain north-west of the Tees-Exe line including the Cumbrian Mountains of the Lake District, the Pennines and limestone hills of the Peak District, Exmoor and Dartmoor. The Geography of Scotland is distinguished by the Highland Boundary Fault– a geological rock fracture– which traverses the Scottish mainland from Helensburgh to Stonehaven. The faultline separates the two distinctively different regions of the Highlands to the north and west and the lowlands to the south and east. The Geography of Wales is mostly mountainous, though south Wales is less mountainous than north and mid Wales. The Geography of Ireland includes the Mourne Mountains as well as Lough Neagh, at 388 square kilometres (150 sq mi), the largest body of water in the UK and Ireland.[10]The overall geomorphology of the UK was shaped by the combined forces of tectonics and climate change, in particular glaciation.The exact centre of the island of Great Britain is disputed. Depending upon how it is calculated it can be either Haltwhistle in Northumberland, or Dunsop Bridge in Lancashire.[edit] GeologySee also: Geology of Great Britain and Geology of IrelandThe geology of the United Kingdom is varied and diverse. This gives up to the wide variety of landscapes found across the UK. This variety, coupled with the early efforts of UK based scientists and geologists to understand it, has influenced the naming of many geological concepts, including many of the geological periods (for example, the Ordovician period is named after the Ordovices, a people of early Britain; the Devonian period is named after the county of Devon in south-west England).The oldest rocks in the UK are gneisses which date from at least 2,700 Ma ("Ma" means "millions of years ago") in the Archaean Period, which are found in the far north west of Scotland and in the Hebrides, with a few small outcrops elsewhere. South of the gneisses are a complex mixture of rocks forming the North West Highlands and Grampian Highlands in Scotland. These are essentially the remains of folded sedimentary rock, deposited over the gneiss, from 1,000 Ma, with a notable 7 km thick layer of Torridon Sandstone being deposited about 800 Ma, as well as the debris deposited by an ice sheet 670 Ma.The remains of ancient volcanic islands underlie much of central England with small outcrops visible in many places. Around 600 Ma, the Cadomian Orogeny(mountain building period) caused the English and Welsh landscape to be transformed into a mountainous region, along with much of north west Europe.The Welsh Skiddaw slate deposits formed at around 500 Ma, during the Ordovician Period. At about this time, around 425 Ma, north Wales (and south Mayo in Ireland) experienced volcanic activity. The remains of these volcanoes are still visible, for example Rhobell Fwar, dating from 510 Ma. Large quantities of volcanic lava and ash known as the Borrowdale Volcanics covered both Wales and the Lake District, still seen in the form of mountains such as Helvellyn and Scafell Pike.In the Silurian Period, between 425 and 400 Ma, the Caledonian fold mountains formed (the Caledonian Orogeny), covering much of what is now the UK to perhaps 8,000 feet (2,438 m) thick. Volcanic ashes and lavasdeposited during this period are still found in the Mendip Hills and in Pembrokeshire.Volcanic deposits formed Ben Nevis in the Devonian Period. Sea levels varied considerably, with the coastline advancing and retreating from north to south across England, and with the deposition of numerous sedimentary rock layers. The Old Red Sandstone of Devon gave the period its name, though deposits are found in many other places.During the Carboniferous Period, around 360 Ma, the UK was lying at the equator, covered by the warm shallow waters of the Rheic Ocean, during which time the Carboniferous limestone was deposited, still found in areas such as the Mendip Hills and the Pennines. The coal measures were formed at this time, in river deltas, swamps and rain forests. Coal can be found in many areas of the UK, as far North as Sutherland and as far south as Kent, though it has largely been mined in the Midlands, northern England and Wales. Also formed were the Millstone Grits.During the Permian and Triassic Periods, much of the UK was beneath shallow seas, leading to the deposition of sedimentary rocks such as shale, limestone, gravel, and marl. The seas finally receded to leave a flat desert with salt pans.At the beginning of the Jurassic Period, the UK was under-water again, leading to the deposition of sedimentary rocks which now underlie much of England from the Cleveland Hills of Yorkshire to the Jurassic Coastin Dorset, including clays, sandstones, and the oolitic limestone of the Cotswold Hills. The burial of algae and bacteria below the mud of the sea floor during this time resulted in the formation of North Sea oil and natural gas.In the Cretaceous Period, much of the UK was again below the sea and chalk and flints were deposited over much of Great Britain. These are now notably exposed at the White Cliffs of Dover, and form Salisbury Plain, the Chiltern Hills, the South Downs and other similar features.The last volcanic rocks in the UK were formed in the early Tertiary Period, between 63 and 52 Ma, with the major eruptions that formed the Antrim Plateau and the basaltic columns of the Giant's Causeway. Further sediments were deposited over southern England, including the London clay, while the English Channel consisted of mud flats and river deposited sands.The major changes during the last few million years, during the Quaternary Period, have been brought about by several recent ice ages, leaving alegacy of U-shaped valleys in highland areas, and fertile (if often stoney) soil in southern U.K.[edit] Mountains and hillsAt 1,344 metres, Ben Nevis is the highest peak in the UK.Main article: Mountains of the United KingdomThe ten tallest mountains in the UK are all found in Scotland. The highest peaks in each part of the UK are:∙Scotland: Ben Nevis (Aonach Mòr, 1,344 metres)∙Wales: Snowdon (Snowdonia, 1,085 metres)∙England: Scafell Pike (Cumbrian Mountains, 977 metres)∙Northern Ireland: Slieve Donard (Mourne Mountains, 852 metres) The ranges of mountains and hills in the UK include:∙Scotland: Cairngorms, Cheviot Hills, Scottish Highlands, Southern Uplands, Grampian Mountains∙Wales: Brecon Beacons, Cambrian Mountains, Snowdonia, Black Mountains, Preseli Hills∙England: Chilterns, Cotswolds, Dartmoor, Lincolnshire Wolds, Exmoor, Lake District, Malvern Hills, Mendip Hills, North Downs, Peak District, Pennines, Salisbury Plain, South Downs, Shropshire Hills, Yorkshire Wolds∙Northern Ireland: Mourne Mountains, Antrim Plateau, Sperrin MountainsThe lowest point of the UK is in the Fens of East Anglia, in England, parts of which lie up to 4 metres below sea level.[edit] Rivers and lakesMain articles∙List of lakes in the United Kingdom;∙Rivers of the United Kingdom;∙Waterfalls of the United Kingdom.The longest river in the UK is the River Severn (220 mi, 354 km) which flows through both Wales and England.The longest rivers in the UK by country are:∙England: River Thames (215 mi, 346 km)∙Scotland: River Tay (117 mi, 188 km)∙N. Ireland: River Bann (76 mi, 122 km)∙Wales: River Tywi (64 mi, 103 km)The largest lakes in the UK by country are:∙N. Ireland: Lough Neagh (147.39 sq mi, 381.74 km²)∙Scotland: Loch Lomond (27.46 sq mi, 71.12 km²)∙England: Windermere (5.69 sq mi, 14.74 km²)∙Wales: Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake) (1.87 sq mi, 4.84 km²)The deepest lake in the UK is Loch Morar with a maximum depth of 309 metres (Loch Ness is second at 228 metres deep). The deepest lake in England is Wastwater which descends to 79 metres (258 feet).[edit] Artificial waterwaysMain articles:Waterways in the United Kingdom, Canals of Great Britain, Reservoirs and dams in the United KingdomAs a result of its industrial history, the United Kingdom has an extensive system of canals, mostly built in the early years of the Industrial Revolution, before the rise of competition from the railways. The United Kingdom also has numerous dams and reservoirs to store water for drinking and industry. The generation of hydroelectric power is rather limited, supplying less than 2% of British electricity mainly from the Scottish Highlands.[edit] CoastlineUnited Kingdom maritime claimsThe UK has a coastline which measures about 12,429 km. The heavy indentation of the coastline helps to ensure that no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters.The UK claims jurisdiction over the continental shelf, as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries, an exclusive fishing zone of 200 nmi(370.4 km; 230.2 mi), and territorial sea of 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi).[edit] Inlets∙Carbis Bay∙Cardigan Bay∙Lyme Bay∙Bristol Channel∙Thames estuary∙Morecambe Bay∙Solway Firth∙The Wash∙Humber estuary∙Firth of Forth∙Firth of Tay∙Moray Firth[edit] HeadlandsThis list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.The geology of the UK is such that there are many headlands along its coast, here are some of the most notable ones:∙Cornwallo Land's Endo The Lizardo Cape Cornwall∙Cumbriao Furness∙Devono Start Pointo Berry Heado Hartland Pointo Foreland Point∙Dorseto Old Harry Rockso St Alban's Heado Portland Bill∙Isle of Wighto The Needleso St. Catherine's Point∙Kento North Foreland∙West Sussexo Selsey Bill∙East Sussexo Beachy Head∙Sutherlando Cape Wrath∙Waleso Gower Peninsulao Lleyn Peninsula∙Wigtownshireo Rhins of Galloway∙Yorkshireo Filey Briggo Flamborough Heado Spurn Head[edit] Coastal change[edit] IslandsIn total, it is estimated that the UK is made up of over one thousand small islands, some being natural and some being man-made crannogs, which were built in past times using stone and wood and which were enlarged by natural waste building up over time.∙Islands of Englando Lundyo Isles of Scillyo Isle of Wighto Farne Islandso Lindisfarneo Isle of Portlando Walney Islando Burgh Island∙Islands of Scotlando Orkney Islandso Shetland IslandsFair Isleo Inner Hebrideso Outer Hebrideso Rockallo Bass Rock∙Islands of Waleso Angleseyo Skomer Islando Skokholm Islando Ramsey Islando Bardsey Islando Holy Island∙Islands of Northern Irelando Rathlin Island[edit] ClimateMain article: Climate of the United KingdomThe climate of the UK varies, but is generally temperate, though significantly warmer than some other locations at similar latitude, such as central Poland, due to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream. In general, the south is warmer and drier than the north.The prevailing winds are southwesterly, from the North Atlantic Current. More than 50% of the days are overcast. There are few natural hazards, although there can be strong winds and floods, especially in winter.Average annual rainfall varies from over 3,000 mm (118.1 in) in the Scottish Highlands down to 553 mm (21.8 in) in Cambridge. The county of Essex is one of the driest in the UK, with an average annual rainfall of around 600 mm (23.6 in), although it typically rains on over 100 days per year. In some years rainfall in Essex can be below 450 mm (17.7 in), less than the average annual rainfall in Jerusalem and Beirut.The highest temperature recorded in the UK was 38.5 °C (101.3°F) at Brogdale, near Faversham, in the county of Kent, on 10 August 2003. The lowest was −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) recorded at Braemar in the GrampianMountains, Scotland, on 11 February 1895 and 10 January 1982 and Altnaharra, also in Scotland, on 30 December 1995.[edit] Human geographyThe United Kingdom is composed of four parts: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.The United Kingdom's cities, other large centres, and selected smaller places[edit] DemographicsMain article: Demographics of the United Kingdom[edit] Political geographyMain article: Politics of the United Kingdom[edit] National governmentThe UK is governed as a whole by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.Of the four countries that make the UK, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved administrations and parliaments/assembly:∙Northern Ireland - Northern Ireland Assembly∙Scotland - Scottish Parliament∙Wales - Welsh AssemblyEngland has no devolved system of government and is governed by UK government ministers and legislated for by the UK parliament. Within England, London has a devolved assembly but proposals for elected Regional Assemblies in England were rejected in the first referendum covering North East England. See Government of England.The UK (specifically, Northern Ireland) has an international land boundary with the Republic of Ireland of 360 km. There is also a boundary between the jurisdiction of France and of the UK on the Channel Tunnel.[edit] Local governmentMain articles: Local government in England, Local government in Scotland, Local government in Wales, and Local government in Northern IrelandEach part of the UK is subdivided in further local governmental regions: ∙England: Unitary Authorities, county councils, district councils, parish councils∙Wales: Principal areas, communities∙Scotland: Council areas, communities∙Northern Ireland: DistrictsHistorically the UK was divided into counties or shires: administrative areas through which all civil responsibilities of the government were passed. Each county or shire had a county town as its administrative centre and was divided into individual parishes that were defined along ecclesiastic boundaries.Between 1889 (1890 in Scotland) and 1974, the political boundaries were based on the traditional counties, but due to changes in population centres, the traditional counties became impractical as local government areas in certain highly urbanised areas. The Local Government Act 1972 created a new system of administrative counties, designed to take account of the widely differing populations across different parts of the country.In the 1990s further population growth led to more political changes on a local level. Unitary authorities were formed across the entire of Scotland and Wales, and in larger cities in England. Many unpopular administrative counties were also abolished at this time, leading to a mixture of two-tier and single-purpose authorities. Further reorganisations are planned if and when regional assemblies in England are revisited in the future.[edit] Economic geographyMain article: Economic geography of the United KingdomThe economic geography of the UK reflects not only its current position in the global economy, but its long history both as a trading nation and an imperial power.The UK led the industrial revolution and its highly urban character is a legacy of this, with all its major cities being current or former centresof all forms of manufacturing. However, this in turn was built on its exploitation of natural resources, especially coal and iron ore.[edit] Primary industryThe UK's primary industry was once dominated by the coal industry, heavily concentrated in the north, the Midlands and south Wales. This is all but gone and the major primary industry is North Sea oil. Its activity is concentrated on the UK Continental Shelf to the north-east of Scotland.[edit] ManufacturingThe UK's heavy manufacturing drove the industrial revolution. A map of the major UK cities gives a good picture of where this activity occurred, in particular Belfast, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham.Today there is no heavy manufacturing industry in which UK-based firms can be considered world leaders. However, the Midlands in particular remains a strong manufacturing centre.More recently, high technology firms have concentrated largely along the M4 motorway, partly because of access to Heathrow Airport, but also because of agglomeration economies.[edit] Finance and servicesOnce, every large city had a stock exchange. Now, the UK financial industry is concentrated overwhelmingly in the City of London and Canary Wharf, with back office and administrative operations often dispersed around the south of England. London is one of the world's great financial centres and is usually referred to as a world city. There is also a significant legal and ebusiness industry in Leeds.[edit] Regional disparityThe combined effect of changing economic fortune has contributed to the creation of the so-called North-South divide, in which decaying industrial and ex-industrial areas of the north of England contrast with the wealthy, finance and technology- led southern economy.This has led successive governments to develop regional policy to try to rectify the imbalance.This is not to say that the north-south divide is uniform. For instance, some of the worst pockets of deprivation can be found in London, and parts of Cheshire are very wealthy. Nor is the North-South divide limited to the economic sphere; cultural and political divisions weigh heavily too.[edit] Natural resourcesMain article: Economy of the United KingdomHistorically, much of the United Kingdom was forested. Since prehistoric times, man has deforested much of the United Kingdom.Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanised, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labour force. It contributes around 2% of GDP. Around two thirds of production is devoted to livestock, one third to arable crops.In 1993, it was estimated that land use was:∙Arable land: 25 %∙Permanent crops: 0 %∙Permanent pastures: 46 %∙Forests and Woodland: 10 %∙Other: 19 %∙Irrigated: 1,080 km²The UK has a variety of natural resources including:∙Geological: coal, petroleum, natural gas, limestone, chalk, gypsum, silica, rock salt, china clay, iron ore, tin, silver, gold, lead.∙Agricultural: arable land, wheat, barley, sheepThe UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Due to the island location of the UK, the country has great potential for generating electricity from wave power and tidal power, although these have not yet been exploited on a commercial basis.[edit] Environment[edit] Current issuesThe United Kingdom is reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It has met Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5 % reduction from 1990 levels and intends to meet the legally binding target of a 20 % cut in emissions by 2010. By 2015, to recycle or compost at least 33 % of household waste. Between 1998-99 and 1999–2000, household recycling increased from 8.8 % to 10.3 % respectively.[edit] International agreementsThe United Kingdom is a party to many international agreements, including: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands and Whaling.The UK has signed, but not ratified, the international agreement on Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants.[edit] See also∙British overseasterritories∙City status in the United Kingdom∙Conservation in the United Kingdom∙Demographics of the United Kingdom∙Extreme points of the United Kingdom∙Geography of England∙Geography of Europe∙Geography of Ireland∙Geography of Scotland ∙Geography of Wales∙List of caves in the United Kingdom ∙List of conurbations in the United Kingdom∙List of places in the United Kingdom∙North-South divide in the United Kingdom∙Towns of the United Kingdom∙Transport in the United Kingdom o Rail transport in the United Kingdom[edit] ReferencesThis article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations.Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (August 2009)1.^"Scotland Facts". ./about/fact-file/index.html. Retrieved 16 July 2008.2.^"The South West —Key Facts". . Government Officefor the South West./497666/docs/220636/309014/swkeyfacts.Retrieved 2007-04-18.[dead link]3.^"Facts and Figures about the South East". .Government Office for the South East./gose/ourRegion/aboutTheSE/factsAndFigs/?a =42496. Retrieved 2007-04-18.4.^"Regional Profile". . Government Office for theNorth West. /gonw/OurRegion/?a=42496.Retrieved 2007-04-18.5.^"Regional Profile". . Government Office for theWest Midlands. /gowm/OurReg/?a=42496.Retrieved 2007-04-18.6.^"Regional Profile". /gone/. Government Office forthe North East./gone/ourregion/regional_profile/?a=42496.Retrieved 2007-04-18.7.^"Our Region". . Government Office for London./gol/OurRegion/?a=42496. Retrieved2007-04-18.8.^"Scotland Facts". . Scotland — The OfficialOnline Gateway./about/fact-file/index.html. Retrieved 2007-04-18.9.^"Wales in Figures —Land". . Welsh AssemblyGovernment./topics/statistics/wales-figs/env/land/?lang=en. Retrieved 2007-04-18.[dead link]10.^"Geography of Northern Ireland". University of Ulster./ni/geog.htm. Retrieved 22 May 2006.∙CIA Factbook∙UK Government Statistics[edit] External links∙UK climate averages provided by the Meteorological Office ∙Ordnance Survey geofacts page。
英国地理
Geography of the United Kingdom
Introduction
• s • 英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland），简称联合 王国（United Kingdom可缩写成UK）或不列颠（Britain）。 是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国
Scotland: introduction
To the south of the Highlands lies the Central Lowlands, a narrow belt comprising only about one-tenth of the area of Scotland, but containing the majority of the country’s population. The population of Scotland was 5,128,000. Nearly threequarters of the Scots live in the Central Lowlands.
Loch Ness
Loch Ness is a long, narrow lake in northern Scotland. It extends in a northeastern direction for 37 km. The average width of the lake is about 2 km, and the greatest depth is about 230 m. The lake is reportedly the home of the so-called Loch Ness monster, but its existence has never been proven.
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Chapter 1 General Introduction to cal Features of the UK
• The Locations of the UK • The Physiographical Features of the UK • Rivers and Mountains • Climate and weather • Population • The Major Cities • Exercises and Answers
19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and other poets.
William Wordsworth
a romantic poet appointed poet laureate in 1843 Living in the Lake district after 1797
The Physiographical Features of the UK
• Varied landscape • Flatlands in England • Mountains in Scoltland and Wales
England
England
• A flatland country, also called Lowland zone • Pennines: the backbone of England • Lake district • Highly urbanized
▪ Union Jack
The map of the UK
The location of the UK
• Britain is situated in western Europe and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel.
The highlands in Scotland：
sparsely populated, with many mountain ranges dominating the region, and including the highest mountain in the British Isles, Ben Nevis The film: Brave Heart
• It is an insular country. Its coastline runs 12,429 km, It is one of the countries with longest coastline.
• To the west of it lies the Atlantic Ocean, across and beyond it is America.
Lake District
▪ a scenic spotin North West
England
▪ A popular holiday destination ▪ being famous for its lakes and
its mountains
▪ its associations with the early
• What are the major cities in Britain?
Three terms
• British Isles
Two large islands
several small ones
• Britain • Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Focus questions
• What is the full name of the British state? • What countries does it consist of? • What is the total population of the United
Kingdom? Where do most British people live? What is the most densely populated area of Britain? What is the least populated?
Ben Nevis
(1 343 meters high)
Airth castle
A 14th century castle ,
a spa and a Scottish castle accommodation ,
one of the most popular places for Scottish castle weddings.
England, Wales Scotland
The complicated full name of the
The United
UK
Kingdom of Great
Britain and
Northern Ireland
Four parts: •England •Scotland •Wales •Northern Ireland
（1770—1850）
Scotland
Scotland
➢A mountainous country ➢three natural zones: The Highlands in the north
the central Lowlands the southern Uplands ➢Ben Nevis: the highest mountain in the UK ➢A country of castles
-80% of population living in cities -only 2% working in agriculture • Physically largest with largest population • Dominance in: size/ culture/ economy -take England for UK