概率论与数理统计第二章习题答案

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概率论与数理统计第二章习题答案

[])

()()()()式,有

利用(显然)()(则

若))(()()(从而)()()()

(的可加性,有:互不相容,因此由概率与而)(则

解:AB P A P AB A P B A P A AB AB A P B A P A B B P A P B A P B A P B P B A B P A P B A B B A B A A B −=−=−⊂−=−⊄−=−−+=−=−−=⊂**.1∪∪

已知

()0.5P A =,()0.4P B =,()0.1P AB =,试求 (1)()P A B ∪;

(2)(|)P A B ;(3)(|)P B A ,(4)(|)P A B

2.(1)0.50.40.10.8

0.1

(2)|0.250.4()0.1

(3)(|)0.2

()0.5()()()()0.50.12(4)(|)()

1()1()10.43P A B P A P B P AB P AB P A B P B P AB P B A P A P AB P A B P A P AB P A B P B P B P B =+−=+−=======−−−=

====−−−∪解:()()()()()()

()

已知A 、B 是独立事件,()0.3P A =,()0.6P B =,试求 (1)(|)P A B ;(2)()P A B ∪;

(3)(|)P B A ;(4)(|)P A B

3.1(|)()0.3

(2)()()()()()()()()

0.30.60.30.60.72(3)(|)()1()10.60.4(4)(|)(1()10.30.7

P A B P A P A B P A P B P AB P A P B P A P B P B A P B P B P B P P A ===+−=+−⋅=++×===−=−===−=−=∪解:()

时成立。

第一个等号在)()()()()(”成立时“当)

()(”成立时“)(当)()()()()()()(解:B A B P A P B A P A P AB P A AB A B B A P A P B A A AB P B A P B P A P AB P B P A P B A P ⊂+≤≤≤∴⊂=⊂≤∴⊂==≥+∴−+=∪∵∪∪∵∪∪0.4

5.1[][][]2[]3[][]P A B C P AC BC P AC P BC P ABC P A P C P B P C P A P B P C P C P A P B P A P B P C P A P B P AB P C P A B P AB C P ABC P A P B P C P AB P C P A B C P ABC P

A ==+−=+−=+−=+−===⋅⋅=⋅−==∪∪∪解:()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()(P

B P

C P AB P C P A B P C ⋅⋅=⋅=−⋅)()()()()()()

6.1001502000.6

100

(/)0.60.4150100

(/)0.60.3

200

()()()()()0.60.40.40.40.60.30.832

A B C D P A P B A P C AB P D P A B C P A P B A P C AB ======

×==×===++=+×+××=∪∪解:设“相距米处射击击中”“相距米处射击击中”“相距米处射击击中”“击中目标”()

投掷两颗均匀的骰子,试求:

(1)若已知点数和是偶数时,点数和等于8的概率; (2)若已知点数和是奇数时,点数和大于6的概率; (3)若已知点数和大于6时,点数和是奇数的概率。 解:(1){}A =点数之和为偶数,{}

8B =点数之和等于

18A r =,{}(2,6),(3,5),(4,4),(5,3),(6,2)B = ()()5/365

(|)()()18/3618

P AB P B P B A P A P A =

===

(2){}A =点数之和为奇数,{}

6B =点数之和大于

18A r =,(1,6),(2,5),(2,6),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6),(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6),B ⎧⎫

=⎨⎬⎩⎭,

(1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(3,6),(4,3),(4,5),(5,2),(5,4),(5,6)(6,1),(6,3),(6,5)AB ⎧⎫=⎨⎬⎩⎭

()12/3612

(|)()18/3618

P AB P B A P A =

==

(3){}A =点数之和为奇数,{}

6B =点数之和大于

18A r =,(1,6),(2,5),(2,6),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6),(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6),B ⎧⎫

=⎨⎬⎩⎭,

(1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(3,6),(4,3),(4,5),(5,2),(5,4),(5,6)(6,1),(6,3),(6,5)AB ⎧⎫=⎨⎬⎩⎭

()12/3612

(|)()21/3621

P AB P A B P B =

==

111

,,534

。求此密码能被他们

破译出的概率。

8.,,111534

=()()()()(111111111115345354343A B C A B C P A P B P C P A B C P A P B P C P AB P AC P BC P ABC P A P B P C P A P B P A P C P B P C P A P B P C =======++−−−+++−−−+=

++−×−×−×+×∪∪解:“甲破译密码”“乙破译密码”“丙破译密码”两两相互独立

()

,(),()()()()()()()()()()()()())()()()[][][]1471213

456060605

1()(1()1(()()

1113

11()1()1()1111.

5345

P A B C P A B C P ABC P P P P A P B P C ×=

−+==−=−=−⎛⎞⎛⎞⎛⎞=−−−−=−−−−=⎜⎟⎜⎟⎜⎟⎝⎠⎝⎠⎝⎠∪∪∪∪另解:()

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