大英3.unit4,book3课后习题答案

U3b4 Reference key to the exercises1. 1) Introduction (Para. 1):Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.2) Students’ weaknesses in career planning (Para. 2):i. Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations.ii. 40 to 60 percent of the students choose professional occupations, but only15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.iii. Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities.iv. A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.3) Serious flaws in the ways of decision making (Para. 3-5)i. Complacency – ignoring challenging information.ii. Defensive avoidance – resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming.iii. Hypervigilance – searching frantically for career possibilities and seizingon hastily invented solutions.4) Keys to career planning (Para. 6-11)i. Study yourself.ii. Write your career goals down.iii. Review your plans and your progress periodically with another person.iv. If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.5) Changes in careers (Para. 12-13)i. Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead.ii. Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.6) Conclusion (Para. 14-15)Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.2. 1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) F 11) T 12) FVocabulary1. 1) acceptable 2) efficiency 3) implications 4) instability 5) rationalize6) evaluation 7) foreseeable 8) invention 9) hastily 10) probability11) professional 12) challenging 13) defensive 14) personality2. 1) in case 2) Every so often 3) resort to 4) talk over 5) start over6) in reality 7) at stake 8) seized on 9) leading to 10) take stock of3. 1) programs 2) way 3) technical 4) both 5) provided 6) who 7) such 8) needed 9) opportunities10) when 11) to 12) Completion 13) holding 14) early 15) hire 16) promote 17) up 18) educatingTranslation1. He underwent a major heart surgery several years ago.2. We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work.3. I used to enjoy photography, but I now have no time to pursue any hobbies.4. You may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.5. Terrorists resort to violence to achieve their political aims.6. He says he’ll stay in the office this afternoon in case you want to see him.7. Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.8. These examples demonstrate how badly some students write their résumés.Part Three Further Development1. Enriching Your Word Power1) A 2) B 3) C 4) B 5) C 6) A 7) C 8) B 9) B 10) C2. Interpreting Proverbs1) All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

If someone works too hard, they will not be able to think quickly. This proverb emphasizes the importance of balancing work and relaxation. Too much work makes a person dull. But on the other hand, too much play makes a person good for nothing.2) Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。

If there are many people working on a job, the job will be finished quickly and efficiently. For example, after a big dinner party, there are always a lot of dishes to wash and it is not a very interesting job – so with many people the work can be done quickly.Here the teacher may draw the students’ attention to another proverb – Too many cooks spoil the broth (厨师多了烧坏汤—意指一个人作主就够了) -- meaning ―too many people doing the same thing will get in each other’s way and do a bad job‖.3) A bad workman always blames his tools. 自己笨，怪刀钝。

Someone who cannot do their work well always blames their tools, rather than accepting his/her own responsibility. This proverb is intended to satirize those who never find anything wrong with themselves. Instead, when any problem arises, they will blame others.4. 1) G 2) D 3) B 4) H 5) INotes:1)In ad A, ―light typing‖ means they wouldn’t have to type very much.2)In ad C, ―power lighting design‖ means the design of lights for a room, building, or street.3)In ad D, ―detail-oriented‖ means careful and meticulous.4)In ad F, ―financial statements‖ means report of the finances (of a certain company) (财务报告).In ad G, ―legal trainee‖ means someone who has received training concerning legal matters.5. What Matters Most?-- a high salary;-- lots of perks (工资以外的实物或好处), e.g. a company car, reimbursing travel expenses, vacation;-- an opportunity, through your job, to serve others in the community / in society;-- good promotion prospects;-- a pleasant, friendly working atmosphere;-- short working hours – not more than 35 hours a week;-- a good boss;-- pleasant colleagues;-- career orientation;-- suitable for one’s natural/professional talents/skills;-- interesting tasks;-- good safety record;-- clean environment;-- restaurant in the building;-- good location (near bus stop, highway, metro, etc.);-- opportunity for travel, especially going abroad;-- opportunities for professional development/job training;-- daycare facilities;-- school nearby.6. Are Summer Jobs Necessary?Advantages:-- enable one to earn some money to pay tuition fees;-- help one to gain some work experience;-- help one to compare different jobs and decide on the one as one’s lifelong career;-- help one to learn about the outside world;-- help to apply and practice what he/she learns at university;-- help one to gain additional training;-- help one to make contacts, meet new people;-- help one to learn to work with people;-- help one to serve the community or help others.Disadvantages:-- distract one’s attention from studies;-- make one become too practical;-- make one become money-oriented;-- spoil one’s vacation which could be spent on relaxation, traveling, etc.-- cause one to spend more time away from one’s family;-- tiring, unhealthy work conditions;-- prevent one from taking summer courses.Part Four Writing and Translation2. Translation PracticeA. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?Applicant: Yes.Interviewer: Is he here, in this city?Applicant: No, he is in another city.Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.Applicant: Why not?Interviewer: You would not be keeping your mind on your work. What’s more, we do not want to see our telephone bill increase enormously because of you.B. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?Applicant: No.Interviewer: Have you ever dated a girl?Applicant: Yes, but she didn’t want to date me.Interviewer: Do you want to date girls after you have a job?Applicant: I will set my mind on work first. I will not consider my marriage now.Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.Applicant: Why not?Interviewer: You are lacking in the ability of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Also, you lack self-confidence.C. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?Applicant: Yes.Interviewer: Is she pretty?Applicant: Not quite.Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.Applicant: Can it be that a plain girlfriend will affect your company’s image?Interviewer: It’s not that. But our company engages in works of art. Your aesthetic judgment does not satisfy our company’s need.D. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?Applicant: Yes.Interviewer: Is she pretty?Applicant: Very.Interviewer: Is she your first love?Applicant: Yes.Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you lack the initiative in pursuing the better unceasingly.E. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?Applicant: Yes.Interviewer: Is she your first love?Applicant: No, I had a couple of girlfriends before.Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you would soon job-hop.F. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?Applicant: Yes.Interviewer: Is he very rich?Applicant: No.Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because your job is to work with money. I am afraid you cannot resist the temptation.G. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?Applicant: Yes.Interviewer: Is he very rich?Applicant: Yes, he has his own company.Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because even your boyfriend’s company doesn’t employ you.Applicant: But that’s because his company doesn’t have a position suitable for me.Interviewer: What’s your major then?Applicant: Secretary.Interviewer: Sorry, we still cannot employ you. Pretty girls will affect our manager’s work.Applicant: But I am not pretty.Interviewer: That’s even worse. If you are not pretty, our manager will not be interested in you.3. WritingSample 1:Mailbox 352,________ University,__________ Road,Dec. 28, ______ Dear Sir/Madam:I would like to be considered as a private tutor listed in today’s _______ Evening Paper.I am 19 years old and right now I am studying at ________ University, majoring in Energy. I am now a freshman and my high school years are still fresh in my mind. I passed the National Entrance Examination with flying colors*. So I believe that I have plenty of knowledge and rich experience in study and examinations.I am good at Chemistry and Physics in which your daughter needs help. I won the second prize in a national Chemistry contest and the third prize in a national Physics contest. And I can also help your child with her English and Math. If I become your child’s tuto r, I will do all I can to teach her and you will be satisfied with her progress.I am eager to get this job because I want to enrich my teaching experience and learn how to get along well with others. Money is my secondary consideration.I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My phone number is ________. I look forward to hearing from you. (196 words)Sincerely Yours,XXX*With flying colors: extremely well.Sample 2:________ CollegeP.O.Box 368BDecember, 27, ______Dear Sir or Madam,I would like to be considered as an applicant for the secretary position listed in today’s ____________ Daily.I am a female student and I am now 21. In June this year I will graduate from ________ University. My major is economics. During my winter vacation last year, I worked as a typist in a company. I can type at a speed of 80 words per minute and I have taken shorthand. In my spare time, I have also worked on computer and now I can use the computer for word processing. Apart from these skills, I have high proficiency in English and I can speak English fluently. I have passed CET 4 and 6 with high marks. In a word, I’m sure that I’m a suitable person for the job and I can do it well.I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My telephone number is ____________. I am looking forward to hearing from you. (154 words)Sincerely Yours,XXX。