命题的基本原则与思路
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英语命题:理论与实践
曾用强 广东外语外贸大学
试题设计与命题的基本思路
题干(输入):文本(词、句、篇)、图画、音频、视频等
|
|
语言单位:词、
句、
篇语
考点(过程):语言知识:形式、 结构、 意义、 用法 言
|
语言技能:单一(听、说、读、写)、综合 能
|
认知策略:识别、理解、推理、概括、产出 力
答案(输出):
1)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village. Happily, I met an old woman who accepted me as a guest in her little house.
•语言材料的篇幅(或长度)和 语言复杂度必须在考试大纲允许 的范围内。
命题材料的题材和体裁必须(1)为考生所熟悉、
(2)尽可能多样、而且(3)分布要合理
4
• 语言层面
2.
考
点
• 语言知识
设
置
• 认知策略
2019/5/31
每道试题的考点设置就是确定:应该 从哪个语言层面测什么的语言知识以 及知识处理的策略。考点设置的标准 包括以下三个方面: • 考点设置必须符合考试的目的; • 考点必须明确; • 考点分布要合理。
2019/5/31
8
3. 答案设定
答案设定就是为考点提供一个正确答案。答案设 定的标准是:正确答案必须保证唯一性。
2019/5/31
9
It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no
口头 笔头
选择性(单项填空等) 构建式(书面表达等)
201ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ/5/31
2
命题的四个基本问题
● 选材是否合适? ● 这道试题能激活考生怎样的考试过程?这样的过程是否符
合命题者设题的思想? ● 正确答案是唯一的吗? ● 每个干扰项是否保证起干扰作用?
2019/5/31
3
1. 选材
2019/5/31
•语言表达必须在实际语言使用环境中是可接受的; •尽可能使用本族人的语言材料;
M: It was so hot standing in the kitchen all day. I couldn’t bear it. 在上面的对话中,对同一信息点kitchen,可以设问多个不同的理解问
题: 问1. Why did the man leave the job? (识别) 问2. How did the man like the job?(理解) 问3. What was the man?(推理)
A. babies
B. fairies
C. believers
D. supermen
Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films.
2019/5/31
7
认知策略是指试题要求考生应用哪些认知过程,处理特定的语言知识, 才能完成答题。认知策略包括了识别、理解、分析、概括、推理、重 构和产出。相同的语言材料和相同的语言知识,可以要求不同的认知 策略,结果生成不同的考点。
W: Why did you leave that job?
2) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village. Happily, I met an old woman who happened to know a repairman living in a small town nearby.
2019/5/31
6
While she was getting me 1 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 2 small town some 20 kilometres away 3 there was a garage.
B. such
C. nearly D. hardly
4. 干 扰 项
2019/5/31
基于答案的干扰项:根据正确答案编写干扰项。
基于原文的干扰项:干扰项源自原文。
基于考生的干扰项:估计考生的可能答案,编写干扰项。
•尽可能不对原文作修改;如果必须作必要的修改,应 该保持原文的风格和语言表达习惯。
• 语言的真实性 • 难度的合适度 • 题材的熟悉度 • 体裁的多样性
•超纲词必须控制在考试大纲所 能接受的范围内,比如:英语阅 读允许3% - 5%的超纲词,而 听力材料通常不允许包含超纲词;
•语言表达法(尤其是一些惯用 法)和句子结构都不能超出考生 所学的范围,除非它们被设定为 考点,而且能够从提供的语言材 料中的得以推导;
5
A. flyed, B. flied, C. flew, D. flewn
All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to your PC.
A. access
B. connect
C. recognize
D. remember
Not all of these are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films.
曾用强 广东外语外贸大学
试题设计与命题的基本思路
题干(输入):文本(词、句、篇)、图画、音频、视频等
|
|
语言单位:词、
句、
篇语
考点(过程):语言知识:形式、 结构、 意义、 用法 言
|
语言技能:单一(听、说、读、写)、综合 能
|
认知策略:识别、理解、推理、概括、产出 力
答案(输出):
1)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village. Happily, I met an old woman who accepted me as a guest in her little house.
•语言材料的篇幅(或长度)和 语言复杂度必须在考试大纲允许 的范围内。
命题材料的题材和体裁必须(1)为考生所熟悉、
(2)尽可能多样、而且(3)分布要合理
4
• 语言层面
2.
考
点
• 语言知识
设
置
• 认知策略
2019/5/31
每道试题的考点设置就是确定:应该 从哪个语言层面测什么的语言知识以 及知识处理的策略。考点设置的标准 包括以下三个方面: • 考点设置必须符合考试的目的; • 考点必须明确; • 考点分布要合理。
2019/5/31
8
3. 答案设定
答案设定就是为考点提供一个正确答案。答案设 定的标准是:正确答案必须保证唯一性。
2019/5/31
9
It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no
口头 笔头
选择性(单项填空等) 构建式(书面表达等)
201ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ/5/31
2
命题的四个基本问题
● 选材是否合适? ● 这道试题能激活考生怎样的考试过程?这样的过程是否符
合命题者设题的思想? ● 正确答案是唯一的吗? ● 每个干扰项是否保证起干扰作用?
2019/5/31
3
1. 选材
2019/5/31
•语言表达必须在实际语言使用环境中是可接受的; •尽可能使用本族人的语言材料;
M: It was so hot standing in the kitchen all day. I couldn’t bear it. 在上面的对话中,对同一信息点kitchen,可以设问多个不同的理解问
题: 问1. Why did the man leave the job? (识别) 问2. How did the man like the job?(理解) 问3. What was the man?(推理)
A. babies
B. fairies
C. believers
D. supermen
Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films.
2019/5/31
7
认知策略是指试题要求考生应用哪些认知过程,处理特定的语言知识, 才能完成答题。认知策略包括了识别、理解、分析、概括、推理、重 构和产出。相同的语言材料和相同的语言知识,可以要求不同的认知 策略,结果生成不同的考点。
W: Why did you leave that job?
2) I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car broke down near a remote and poor village. Happily, I met an old woman who happened to know a repairman living in a small town nearby.
2019/5/31
6
While she was getting me 1 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 2 small town some 20 kilometres away 3 there was a garage.
B. such
C. nearly D. hardly
4. 干 扰 项
2019/5/31
基于答案的干扰项:根据正确答案编写干扰项。
基于原文的干扰项:干扰项源自原文。
基于考生的干扰项:估计考生的可能答案,编写干扰项。
•尽可能不对原文作修改;如果必须作必要的修改,应 该保持原文的风格和语言表达习惯。
• 语言的真实性 • 难度的合适度 • 题材的熟悉度 • 体裁的多样性
•超纲词必须控制在考试大纲所 能接受的范围内,比如:英语阅 读允许3% - 5%的超纲词,而 听力材料通常不允许包含超纲词;
•语言表达法(尤其是一些惯用 法)和句子结构都不能超出考生 所学的范围,除非它们被设定为 考点,而且能够从提供的语言材 料中的得以推导;
5
A. flyed, B. flied, C. flew, D. flewn
All you need is a webcam and your pretty face to your PC.
A. access
B. connect
C. recognize
D. remember
Not all of these are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films.