2019-2020年中考数学压轴题精选(九)及答案资料

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2019-2020年中考数学压轴题精选(九)及答案资料

81.(08广东茂名25题)(本题满分10分)

如图,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y =-

3

2x 2

+b x +c 经过A (0,-4)、B (x 1,0)、 C (x 2,0)三点,且x 2

-x 1=5.

(1)求b 、c 的值;(4分)

(2)在抛物线上求一点D ,使得四边形BDCE 是以BC 为对

角线的菱形;(3分)

(3)在抛物线上是否存在一点P ,使得四边形B P O H 是以OB 为对角线的菱形?若存在,求出点P 的坐标,并判断这个菱形是否为正方形?若不存在,请说明理由.(3分)

解:

(08广东茂名25题解析)解:(1)解法一: ∵抛物线y =-

3

2x 2

+b x +c 经过点A (0,-4), ∴c =-4 ……1分

又由题意可知,x 1、x 2是方程-3

2x 2

+b x +c =0的两个根, ∴x 1+x 2=

23b , x 1x 2=-2

3

c =6 ·

························································· 2分 由已知得(x 2-x 1)2

=25 又(x 2-x 1

)2=(x 2+x 1)2

-4x

1

x 2=

4

9b 2

-24 ∴

4

9b 2

-24=25 解得b =±314

··························································································· 3分

当b =3

14时,抛物线与x 轴的交点在x 轴的正半轴上,不合题意,舍去.

∴b =-

3

14

. ·························································································· 4分 解法二:∵x 1、x 2是方程-

3

2x 2

+b x +c=0的两个根, 即方程2x 2

-3b x +12=0的两个根.

(第25题图)

x

∴x =

4

96

9b 32-±

b , ································································ 2分

∴x 2-x 1=2

96

9b 2-=5,

解得 b =±

3

14 ·················································································· 3分 (以下与解法一相同.)

(2)∵四边形BDCE 是以BC 为对角线的菱形,根据菱形的性质,点D 必在抛物线的对称轴上,

····································································································· 5分

又∵y =-

32x 2-314x -4=-32(x +27)2+6

25

···························· 6分 ∴抛物线的顶点(-27,6

25

)即为所求的点D . ································· 7分

(3)∵四边形BPOH 是以OB 为对角线的菱形,点B 的坐标为(-6,0),

根据菱形的性质,点P 必是直线x =-3与

抛物线y =-

32x 2-3

14

x -4的交点, ··················································· 8分

∴当x =-3时,y =-32×(-3)2

-3

14×(-3)-4=4,

∴在抛物线上存在一点P (-3,4),使得四边形BPOH 为菱形. ··············· 9分

四边形BPOH 不能成为正方形,因为如果四边形BPOH 为正方形,点P 的坐标只能是(-3,

3),但这一点不在抛物线上. ································································· 10分

82.(08广东肇庆25题)(本小题满分10分)

已知点A (a ,1y )、B (2a ,y 2)、C (3a ,y 3)都在抛物线x x y 1252

+=上. (1)求抛物线与x 轴的交点坐标; (2)当a =1时,求△ABC 的面积;

(3)是否存在含有1y 、y 2、y 3,且与a 无关的等式?如果存在,试给出一个,并加以证明;如果不存在,说明理由.

(08广东肇庆25题解析)(本小题满分10分)

解:(1)由5x x 122

+=0, ··································································· (1分)

得01=x ,5

12

2-

=x . ······································································ (2分) ∴抛物线与x 轴的交点坐标为(0,0)、(5

12

-,0). ································· (3分)

(2)当a =1时,得A (1,17)、B (2,44)、C (3,81),·························· (4分)

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