2019-2020年中考数学压轴题精选(九)及答案资料
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2019-2020年中考数学压轴题精选(九)及答案资料
81.(08广东茂名25题)(本题满分10分)
如图,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y =-
3
2x 2
+b x +c 经过A (0,-4)、B (x 1,0)、 C (x 2,0)三点,且x 2
-x 1=5.
(1)求b 、c 的值;(4分)
(2)在抛物线上求一点D ,使得四边形BDCE 是以BC 为对
角线的菱形;(3分)
(3)在抛物线上是否存在一点P ,使得四边形B P O H 是以OB 为对角线的菱形?若存在,求出点P 的坐标,并判断这个菱形是否为正方形?若不存在,请说明理由.(3分)
解:
(08广东茂名25题解析)解:(1)解法一: ∵抛物线y =-
3
2x 2
+b x +c 经过点A (0,-4), ∴c =-4 ……1分
又由题意可知,x 1、x 2是方程-3
2x 2
+b x +c =0的两个根, ∴x 1+x 2=
23b , x 1x 2=-2
3
c =6 ·
························································· 2分 由已知得(x 2-x 1)2
=25 又(x 2-x 1
)2=(x 2+x 1)2
-4x
1
x 2=
4
9b 2
-24 ∴
4
9b 2
-24=25 解得b =±314
··························································································· 3分
当b =3
14时,抛物线与x 轴的交点在x 轴的正半轴上,不合题意,舍去.
∴b =-
3
14
. ·························································································· 4分 解法二:∵x 1、x 2是方程-
3
2x 2
+b x +c=0的两个根, 即方程2x 2
-3b x +12=0的两个根.
(第25题图)
x
∴x =
4
96
9b 32-±
b , ································································ 2分
∴x 2-x 1=2
96
9b 2-=5,
解得 b =±
3
14 ·················································································· 3分 (以下与解法一相同.)
(2)∵四边形BDCE 是以BC 为对角线的菱形,根据菱形的性质,点D 必在抛物线的对称轴上,
····································································································· 5分
又∵y =-
32x 2-314x -4=-32(x +27)2+6
25
···························· 6分 ∴抛物线的顶点(-27,6
25
)即为所求的点D . ································· 7分
(3)∵四边形BPOH 是以OB 为对角线的菱形,点B 的坐标为(-6,0),
根据菱形的性质,点P 必是直线x =-3与
抛物线y =-
32x 2-3
14
x -4的交点, ··················································· 8分
∴当x =-3时,y =-32×(-3)2
-3
14×(-3)-4=4,
∴在抛物线上存在一点P (-3,4),使得四边形BPOH 为菱形. ··············· 9分
四边形BPOH 不能成为正方形,因为如果四边形BPOH 为正方形,点P 的坐标只能是(-3,
3),但这一点不在抛物线上. ································································· 10分
82.(08广东肇庆25题)(本小题满分10分)
已知点A (a ,1y )、B (2a ,y 2)、C (3a ,y 3)都在抛物线x x y 1252
+=上. (1)求抛物线与x 轴的交点坐标; (2)当a =1时,求△ABC 的面积;
(3)是否存在含有1y 、y 2、y 3,且与a 无关的等式?如果存在,试给出一个,并加以证明;如果不存在,说明理由.
(08广东肇庆25题解析)(本小题满分10分)
解:(1)由5x x 122
+=0, ··································································· (1分)
得01=x ,5
12
2-
=x . ······································································ (2分) ∴抛物线与x 轴的交点坐标为(0,0)、(5
12
-,0). ································· (3分)
(2)当a =1时,得A (1,17)、B (2,44)、C (3,81),·························· (4分)