段落翻译评分标准,答题技巧(2017)
段落翻译评分标准答题技巧共37页
36、“不可能”这个字(法语是一个字 )，只 在愚人 的字典 中找得 到。--拿 破仑。 37、不要生气要争气，不要看破要突 破，不 要嫉妒 要欣赏 ，不要 托延要 积极， 不要心 动要行 动。 38、勤奋，机会，乐观是成功的三要 素。(注 意：传 统观念 认为勤 奋和机 会是成 功的要 素，但 是经过 统计学 和成功 人士的 分析得 出，乐 观是成 功的第 三要素 。
39、没有不老的誓言，没有不变的承 诺，踏 上旅途 ，义无 反顾。 40、对时间的价值没有没有深切认识 的人， 决不会 坚韧勤 勉。
31、只有永远躺在泥坑里的人，才不会再掉进坑里。——黑格尔 32、希望的灯一旦熄灭，生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德 33、希望是人生的乳母。——科策布 34、形成天才的决定因素应，就是一下子不要学很多。——洛克
专题15高考英语句子翻译高分突破(上)(原题版)
►专题15 高考英语句子翻译高分突破（上）_________________________________________________________________________________________考点难点精讲【考情链接】上海高考英语翻译题，是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。
高考中汉译英多为简单句或复合句，题目所给定的提示词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。
上海历年高考中译英的考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。
值得注意的是近年试题中经常出现一些华丽的中文词藻或日常生活化表达。
【要点梳理】➢高考翻译的评分细则示例(以2017年上海秋季高考英语翻译部分为例：)例1李雷宁愿受罚也不愿说谎。
（would rather）译文：Li Lei would rather be punished than lie.评分细则：（1）句型would rather ... than (1)（2）would rather 与than 后接动词原形合计1分（3）be punished 计1分例2在项目投资的进程中出现了一些问题。
（arise）译文：Some problems arise/arose during the investment project.评分细则：（1）arise正确使用与拼写（特别是一般过去式arose）计1分（2）the investment project 1分例3 在过去三年里，他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏之间的关系。
（commit）译文：In the past/last 3 years, he has been/has been being committed to the study/studying the relationship between the speed of the spreading the information/at which information spreads and the rhythm/pace of people’s life.评分细则：（1）In the past/last 3 years和时态（完成）合计1分（2）commit中的被动和词组合计1分（4）commit没用扣1分例4 有人声称减肥丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害，但事实远非如此。
2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案(第二套)
【总分：710分】一、英语六级作文15% =106.5分在这部分你要达到63.9分为及格。
二、听力部分 35%=248.5分1、长对话 8% 8个题目每小题7.1分。
2、听力篇章 7% 共7小题，每小题7.1分。
3、讲话、报道、讲座 20% 共10个小题，每小题14.2分。
三、阅读理解 35% =248.5分1、选词填空 5% 10个题，每小题3.55分2、长篇阅读 10% 10个题，每小题7.1分。
3、仔细阅读 20% 共2篇，一篇5个题，每小题14.2分。
四、翻译部分汉译英 15% =106.5分段落翻译答题时间30分钟，106.5分。
2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Seek to understand others,and you will be understood " you can cite examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。
Part II Listening comprehension(30miutes)Section a Directions: in this section, you will hear two long conversations at the end of each comversation you will hear four questions. both the comversation and the questions will be spoken only once. afier you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b) cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet i with a single line through the centre.Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard1.a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wastb)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stalec) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needyd) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste foodb)it passed a law aiming to stop overproductionC)it voted gainst food import from outside europed) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foodsc)it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.4 . a)the confusion over food expiration labels.b)the surplus resulting from overproductionc)americans' habit of buying food in bulkd)a lack of regulation on food consumptionQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.b)it has just launched its annual anniversary salesc) it offers regular weekend sales all the year roundd)it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.b)coupons for customers with bulk purchases.c)free delivery of purchases for senior customers.d) price adjustments within seven days of purchase.7. a)mail a gift card to her.b) allow her to buy on credic) credit it to her accountd) give her some coupons.8. a) refunding for goods returnedb) free installing of appliances.c)prolonged goods warranty.d)complimentary tailoringSection bDirections: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.b)they have more than twenty different hair texturesc)they have twenty-four different body shapes in totald)they represent people from virtually all walks of life.10. a)they do not reflect young girls aspirationsb)they are not sold together with the originalc) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescentsd) their body shapes have not changed much11. a)in toy storesb) in shopping malls.c)on the internetd)at barbie shops12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printingb) chinese printing technology was first introducec)the earliest known book was publishedd) metal type was imported from korea13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.b)it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.c) it helped the german people become literate.d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.b)it boosted the circulation of popular works.c)it made writing a very profitable career.d) it provided readers with more choices.15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.c) turned translation into a welcome profession.d) it promoted the growth of national languagesSection cDirections: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.c)they become stuck in the same job for decades.d) they choose a job without thinking it through.17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.b)find out what job choices are available.c)watch a film about ways of job hunting.d) decide which job is most attractive to you.18. a)the qualifications you have.b)the pay you are going to get.c)the culture of your target company.d) the work environment you will be in.19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african-americans.d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.b) to call on african-americans to worship their godsc) to help african-americans to realize their goals.d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.21. a)faith in self-determinationb)the first fruits of the harvestc) unity and cooperative economicsd creative work and achievement.22. a)they recite a principleb)they take a solemn oathc)they drink wine from the unity cupd) they call out their ancestors' names.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.c)it began to impact the world in recent years.d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.24. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950sc) it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.d)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.25. a) they care much about their health.b) they eat foods with little fat.c)they use little oil in cookingd) they have lower mortality ratesPart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The pacific island nation of palau has become home to the sixth largest marineworld. the new marine reserve, now the largest in the pacific, will--26-- no fishing or mining. Palau also established the world, first shark sanctuary in 2009.The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its maritime --27--, for full protection, that's the highest percentage of an--28 --economic zone devoted to remaining 20 percent of the palau seas will be reserved for local fishing by individuals and small-scale-- 29-- fishing businesses with limited exports."island--30--have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing theocean, "said president.Tommy remengesau jr in a statement. "creating this sanctuary is a bold move that the people of palau recognise as 31 to our survival. we want to lead the way in restoring the health of the occan for future generationPalau has only been an_ 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of environmental protection. it is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems, with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.Senator hokkons baules lead33 of the palau national marine sanctuary act, said the sanctuary willhelp build a- 34future for the palauan people by honoring the conservation traditions of our past". these include the centuries-old custom of"", where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to give fish 35 an opportunity to replenish(补充).a)allocate b) celebrities c)commercial d)communitiese）essential f）exclusive g)independent h) indulgei)permit j)secure k) solitary L)spectaclem)sponsor n)stocks o)temitoryData sharing: an open mind on open date[ A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a'crisis' incience whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.[B] the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access to reseach.on the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems.as more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch their own careers.[C] one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science. and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement's benefits such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.[D]some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible science -for example, by affixing an",badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director of the center for open science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的) funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the wellcome trust in london, alopen data from their grant recipients.[F]but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private.Graduate students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head's grant may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career." Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. ""with my institution and teaching load, i don't have postdocs and grad students", says terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist at california state university,Dominguez hills. "the stakes are higher to share data because it's a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.[I] researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view.Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库 ), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.[J]the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues many of whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. "i've heard this recently -that embracing the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable, "says ram. "the concem seems to be that open advocates don't spend their time being as productive as possible."[ K]an open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science and those who don't . " there a new area to navigate-'are you cool with the fact that i'll want to make the data open?'-when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea, "she says.[L] despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned.Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each for the data and software.in addition to the paper itself. and although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have other benefits.[M]many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "this is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). " says ivo grigorov, a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resotResearch secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. "the two cases i'm familiar with didn't involve open data or code, "he says.[N]Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studyingevolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil others' data. he says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting out early-career scientists' requests for data.[O]communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study. "whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them, he says.[p] in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success. "the thing you are searching for reputation" says titus brown,a genomics(基因组学) researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,."to get grants and jobs you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that advances your presence- especially in a largerphere, outside the communities you know- is a net win."36.astronomer david hogg doesn't think scooping is as serious a problem as generally thought.37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others might publish something similar before them38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share their data.39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build a certain level of reputation41. data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations42.scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing43.potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project44. sharing data and handling data-related issues can be time-consuming45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.Section cDirections: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the beginning of the movie, robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-del spooner or a child. even though spooner screams"save her save her! "the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to sarah's 11 percent. the robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question:would humans make the same choice? and which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?Isaac asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm; 2. robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law i; and 3. robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws i or 2. these laws are programmed into asimov's robots-they don' t have to think, judge, or value. they don't have to like humans or believe that wrong or bad. they simply don't do it.The robot who rescues spooner s life in / robot follows asimov's zeroth law: robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humansor allow humanity to come to harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good. under the first law,a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zeroth law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others.Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as asimov's laws is debatable a word such as"harm"is vague (what about emotional harm is replacing a human employ harm), and abstract concepts present coding problems. the robots in asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situation.Assessing situations can be complicated. a robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possibe outcomes for various scenarios,Its doubtful that a computer program can do that-aleast, not without some undesirable results. a roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory programmed a robot to save huroxies(5) called""from danger. when one h-boheaded for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. but when two h-bots became percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both"die. "the experiment highlights the importance of morality without it, how can a robotdecide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?46. what question does the example in the movie raise?a) whether robots can reach better decisionsb) whether robots follow asimov's zero"d) how robots should be programmed.47. what does the author think of asimovs three laws of robotics?a) they are apparently divorced from reality.b)they did not follow the coding system of robotics.c)they laid a solid foundation for robotics.d) they did not take moral issues into consideration.48. what does the author say about asimov's robots?a they know what is good or bad for human beingsb)they are programmed not to hurt human begingsc)they perform duties in their owners'best interest.d)they stop working when a moral issue is involved.49. what does the author want to say by mentioning the word"harm"in asimov's laws?a)abstract concepts are hard to program.b) it is hard for robots to make decisionsc) robots may do harm in certain situationsd) asimov's laws use too many vague terms50. what has the roboticist at the bristol robotics laboratory found in his experiment.a）robots can be made as intelligent as human begings some dayb) robots can have moral issues encoded into their programc)robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarion.d)robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.PassageTwoQuestions 5i to 55 are based on the following passage.Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how fast we seldom stop to see just how far wu have come in just a few year.The latest iPone 6s,for example,has a dual-core proccssor and fite nicely into your pocket. by comparison, you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your tandard laptop in an office anywhere in the world.its no wonder shat new applications for the internet of things are moving ahcad fast when almost every new decice we buy has a plup on the eng of it or a wireless connection to the internet. Soon, our current smartphone lifestyle wilate our own smart home lifestyle too.All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices,things and sensors will be connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the moment that millennials(千禧一代) are expected to make up of our overall workforce, and the fully connected home . become a reality for large umbers of people worldwide.However this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with ligent energy and facilities managemen.Online security cameras, intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control, efficiency, and improvements to hat were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices, systems and environments remain connected,always online and talking to each other. the big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge.The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings, improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart citiesThe good news is that most of this technology is already invented. let's face it, it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant utopim(乌托邦式的) dream, and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet.it's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings, cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.51.What does the example of iphone 6s serve to show?a)the huge capacity of the smartphones people now useb)the widespread use of smartphones all over the worldc)the huge impact of new technology on people's everyday life.d)the rapid technological progress in a very short period of time52. what can we expect to see by the year 2020?a)apps for the internet of thingsb) the popularization of smart homes.c)the emergence of millennialsd)total globalization of the world53. what will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of the internet of things?a）employ fewer workers in their operationsb)gain automatic control of their businessec) invest in more smart buildings and citiesd)embrace whatever new technology there is54. what is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more data?a) how to turn it to profitable usec)how to link the actionable systemsb)how to do real time data analysisd)how to devise new ways to store it.55. what does the author think about working from anywhere and at anytime?a)it is feasible with a connection to the internetb) it will thrive in smart buildings, cities and homesc) it is still a distant utopian dream for ordinary workersd)it will deliver tangible benefits to both boss and workerPart IVTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from chinese into English. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。
大学英语四级段落翻译评分标准与技巧解析
大学英语四级段落翻译评分标准与技巧解析作者：岳淑珍来源：《现代经济信息》2016年第28期摘要：大学英语四级的考试题型，自1987年以来，变化频繁。
2013年12月，全国大学英语四级考试的翻译题，改为了段落翻译。
其难度系数加大，对参加大英四级考试的考生的英语综合运用能力要求更高了。
同时也对从事大学英语翻译教学的任课教师提出了挑战。
本文希望从翻译题型的评分标准入手，探究翻译技巧，以求达到使学生在翻译这一部分少丢分，得高分的目的。
关键词：大学英语四级；段落翻译；评分标准；翻译技巧中图分类号：H319 文献识别码：A 文章编号：1001-828X（2016）028-000-02一、大英四级段落翻译评分标准从2013年12月开始，全国大学英语四级考试的翻译题型有句子翻译变为段落翻译（汉译英）。
此部分是测试考生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%。
四级段落翻译长度为140-160个汉字。
内容包括经济、历史、文化等各个方面，要求完成的时间为30分钟。
该题满分设为15分，评分档分为6个。
在阅卷过程中，对考试段落翻译译文中的拼写，单词运用，语法等错误进行量化，扣分，最终给出考试的得分。
其具体分数档和评分标准如下：第一档：13-15分15分：有2处不明.v的小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）14分：有5处不明.v的小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）13分：有7处不明.v的小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等）第二档：10-12分12分：有一个严重错句11分：有3处明显语言错句10分：有4处明显语言错误第三档：7-9分9分：5个句子正确或基本正确8分：4个句子正确或基本正确7分：3个句子正确或基本正确第四档：4-6分6分：内容基本表达，有两个句子正确5分：一个句子正确4分：没有一个正确句子，但有三个句子有小错第五档：1-3分3分：内容基本表达，但所有句子都有错误和严重错误。
最新2017高考语文文言文阅读答题技巧
最新2017高考语文文言文阅读答题技巧高考语文文言文阅读答题技巧先做最后一道选择题(往往落足在对全文思想的把握上)，对全文有一个整体的把握后再做其余三道题。
带着什么人?做了什么事?结果怎样?为什么?等问题对文段用心地默读两遍。
注意文段后的注释，很多时候有提示作用。
对文段中的人名、地名、官名、物名、典章等要尽可能地排除。
对理解文段起关键作用的词句要联系上下文进行推导。
先认真阅读最后一道有关内容分析的题目，把握文段主旨。
同时必须用?或其他记号来提示自己。
【文言实词题】答题技巧：分析字形，辨明字义。
从字音相同推测通假字。
用互文见义对照解释前后词。
用成语比较推导词义。
联系上下文，前后照应，保持一致。
实词理解：将给出的词义带进原文，通顺就对，不通就错。
从没有听说过的实词释义往往是对的，干扰你罢了。
【古今异义题】答题技巧：将该词语的今义带进原文，通则对，不通则错。
【文言虚词题】答题技巧：翻译这个文言虚词成现代汉语进行比较，看是否翻译成同一个词。
先理解翻译所学课文中的虚词，再比较文段中的虚词。
联系文句的整体意义和上下文的意义，注意辨明上下文的关系。
借助语句的结构，看两句中该虚词词性和所作的成分是否相同。
虚词比较：每组中利用给出的高中学过的另一句子来推断文中句子的虚词用法。
【信息筛选题】答题技巧：看清题目要求，一字一词地琢磨。
选出一两句不相符的，排除部分选项。
照应上下文，一般作者评论性的话不能作为选项，别人赞誉的话可考虑。
【性格表现题】答题技巧：先找不能表现题干中要求的任务性格的选项，用排除法选择。
特别注意谁的什么性格。
【内容归纳题】答题技巧：找出文段中与选项解释相对应的语句，一一对应。
中心、主旨重点分析议论的语句。
总体把握文意。
叙述或分析的错误只在某一小点，主要是顺序的颠倒、无中生有等。
【全文把握题】注意人物的事迹是否张冠李戴，事件的时间是否准确，人物性格陈述是否恰当，注意联系全文。
总之：所选文章往往是古代贤人良臣的小故事及个人履历表，所以不难读懂意思，只是落实到个别字词，倒是颇让人费神，不过如能胆大，心细，也不可怕。
文言文翻译技巧(萧风重组)
P203
• 【考纲聚焦】 《考试大纲》规定：考生须理解并 翻译文中的句子，其能力层级为B级。
• 【考点阐释】 文言文翻译是考查考生文言文阅读能力 最直接、最有效的方式，一直以来是高考文 言阅读的重点。因而，我们有必要加强文言 文翻译能力的培养，掌握一些基本的文言文 翻译技巧，以便更好地驾御这一题型。
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文言句子翻译的方法
1、留（保留法）
保留古今意义完全相同的专有 名词，如国号、年号、帝号、 官名、地名、人名、朝代名、 器物名、书名、度量衡单位等。
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例1：“《水经》云：彭蠡之口有石钟 山焉。郦元以为下临深潭……”
例2：“元封七年六月丁丑，余自齐安舟行适临 汝。”
【分析】句中“清洁”是两个词，“清”是“清廉、公正”之意， “洁”是“廉洁”之意，而现代汉语中的“清洁”是“没有尘土、 污垢等”之意。 译文：到任以后，高祖赞赏他清廉
2.关注“倒装”现象，适当移位调整
• 例2.（2010年天津卷）母归，但见女抱挺树眠， 亦不之虑。
答案：后母回来，只见女儿抱着院子里的树睡觉， 也就不再怀疑她了。
译文：（我）派遣将领把守函谷 关的原因，是（为了）防备其 他盗贼进来和意外的变故啊。
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3、调（调位法）
由于古今语法的演变，有的句型 表达方式有所不同，翻译时，应 按现代汉语的语法习惯及时调整。 包括：主谓倒装、宾语前置、定 语后置、状语后置等。
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例：蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下 ． ． 饮黄泉，用心一也。 译文：蚯蚓（虽然）没有锋利的爪牙，强健 的筋骨，（但是能够）向上吃到黄土，向下 喝到黄泉，（是由于）用心专一的缘故。
2017年上半年全国PRETCO试卷分析(A级)
2017年6月高等学校英语应用能力考试A级试卷分析（2017年6月）Part ISection C11-15题评分细则：每题1分，得分为0分、0.5分、1分；答对部分得0.5分。
案例分析：13．正确答案：followed（1分）14．正确答案：permits（1分）15．正确答案：concerning（1分）Section D评分细则：每题1分，得分为0分、0.5分、1分；部分答对得0.5分；若有拼写错误但尚能辨认，酌情扣0.5分或不扣分；填写超过三个词不给分。
18．正确答案：at home (1分）点评：这两部分是测试学生通过听来理解英语短文能力的题。
试卷中对该题有很明确的指示说明，学生只需要认真阅读说明，或者通过录音提示，就能正确地按照要求解答该题。
听力理解能力与词汇量、语法知识、阅读理解能力、阅读速度、背景知识以及一个人的记忆能力都有着密切的关系，其中阅读理解能力尤为重要。
较强的阅读理解能力是听力理解、尤其是类似该题的短文的听力理解的必备条件。
实践证明，在各类英语考试中，绝大部分听力得分高的考生，其他各项的成绩也很优秀。
短文听力理解题正确的解题步骤:一、捕捉大意。
在听的过程中，不要回想或考虑没有听清的细节或没有听懂的词句，否则会影响听下面的内容。
二、带着问题听。
听的目的就是弄明白该问题要考什么，然后快速捕捉有关信息并做出正确答案。
因此，如果有个别单词听不懂也不必过于担心。
三、综合所听到的内容。
相互关联的内容容易记住，比如，如果听的是小故事，那么可以根据故事发生的时间顺序，把人物、情节联系起来记。
如果听到的是其他类型的短文，要注意听出主题句和论述、说明主题的论据。
四、边听边记。
在可能的情况下，用单词的前两、三个字母或中英文符号记下主题、论据、重要的人句、地名、数字、时间。
做笔记时要记录一些重要的数据和重复率较高的词，这样回答问题就不用单纯靠记忆。
Part II Section B评分细则：每题1分，得分为0分、1分。
高考语文答题技巧2017_高中语文万能答题模板
高考语文答题技巧2017_高中语文万能答题模板面对题量大、阅读量大、手写量大的高考语文试题，掌握一些答题技巧，对考生是有好处的。
下面是小编给大家带来的高考语文答题技巧2017，希望对你有帮助。
高考语文答题技巧一拿到试卷先全面浏览语文学科是高考的首场考试，时间长，题量大。
张胜老师说，语文考试第一个需要注意的考场技巧是拿到卷子后，先总览全卷。
一看试卷有无残缺不清问题;二看诗歌大阅读的标题与作者，若没见过，则暗示题型绝对不会偏、难、怪，这是经验，也是惯例;三看作文命题，题型一定在训练范围之中，命题型、话题型、材料型、材料+命题型等。
立意一定是在自己与自己、自己与他人、自己与自然的思辨、伦理讨论范畴之中。
看一眼作文命题，是为了缩小思考范围，心中有底。
若有好感，便放手从头做起;若无好感，便提醒自己，控制好解题速度，留足写作时间，保作文方不失大局。
高考语文答题技巧二做客观选择题不死抠客观选择题一般设置的分值为30分。
张胜老师认为，考生完全可以在25分钟左右完成，最多不要超过30分钟。
力争一气呵成，见难不纠缠，不死抠，宁可放弃也不停留。
答题后，不轻改，不动摇，除非有绝对把握要改正，一律以第一判断为标准。
在一一分析后，张老师指出，前四题12分的基础知识题是开场题，第一题的字音字形和第三题的病句辨析，可能会让个别考生突然发蒙，以致影响整个心情，要有心理预防。
9分的社科文阅读关键是对有效信息的认真比对，不宜花费太多时间，对付它的最好办法是坚持一口气读下来，中间别翻翻停停。
9分的文言阅读，第一题考查文言实词解析，另外两题都是阅读理解。
最常错的往往是最后一题的内容概括，解题时注意看以下几个设题思路：人物交错、地点交错、时间交错、事件交错、评价交错。
高考语文答题技巧三10分的翻译题得分较容易高考语文试题中有10分的翻译题，如果考生掌握了得分点，比较容易得分。
得分点首先就是这几个重要的文言词语，往往是一词一分，一字一分;其次才是大意正确，符合现代汉语的表达特点。
大学英语四级段落翻译评分标准与技巧解析
文化视野大学英语四级段落翻译评分标准与技巧解析岳淑珍 辽宁对外经贸学院摘要：大学英语四级的考试题型，自1987年以来，变化频繁。
2013年12月，全国大学英语四级考试的翻译题，改为了段落翻译。
其难度系数加大，对参加大英四级考试的考生的英语综合运用能力要求更高了。
同时也对从事大学英语翻译教学的任课教师提出了挑战。
本文希望从翻译题型的评分标准入手，探究翻译技巧，以求达到使学生在翻译这一部分少丢分，得高分的目的。
关键词：大学英语四级；段落翻译；评分标准；翻译技巧中图分类号：H319 文献识别码：A 文章编号：1001-828X(2016)028-000353-02一、大英四级段落翻译评分标准从2013年12月开始，全国大学英语四级考试的翻译题型有句子翻译变为段落翻译(汉译英)。
此部分是测试考生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%。
四级段落翻译长度为140-160个汉字。
内容包括经济、历史、文化等各个方面，要求完成的时间为30分钟。
该题满分设为15分，评分档分为6个。
在阅卷过程中，对考试段落翻译译文中的拼写，单词运用，语法等错误进行量化，扣分，最终给出考试的得分。
其具体分数档和评分标准如下：第一档：13-15分15分：有2处不明.v的小错(冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等)14分：有5处不明.v的小错(冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等)13分：有7处不明.v的小错(冠词、单复数、时态、介词、用词不贴切等)第二档：10-12分12分：有一个严重错句11分：有3处明显语言错句10分：有4处明显语言错误第三档：7-9分9分：5个句子正确或基本正确8分：4个句子正确或基本正确7分：3个句子正确或基本正确第四档：4-6分6分：内容基本表达，有两个句子正确5分：一个句子正确4分：没有一个正确句子，但有三个句子有小错第五档：1-3分3分：内容基本表达，但所有句子都有错误和严重错误。
2017年高考高三语文一轮复习通用版专题12 文言文断句和翻译(讲) 含解析
目标明讲1．能够准确理解并翻译文中的句子或断句.2．掌握文言文断句和翻译的命题规律和答题技巧。
考点详讲◇考点一：文言文断句【真题回放】1．【2016年高考浙江卷】阅读下面的文言文，完成16—20题.（19分）琅嬛福地记(明）张岱晋太康中,张茂先①为建安从事，游于洞山。
缘溪深入,有老人枕书石上卧,茂先坐与．论说.视其所枕书，皆蝌蚪文,莫能辨，茂先异之。
老人问茂先曰：“君读书几何？"茂先曰：“华之未读者，二十年内书，若．二十年外书，则华固已读尽之矣。
”老人微笑，把茂先臂走石壁下,忽有门入，途径甚宽,至一精舍，藏书万卷。
问老人曰:“何书？"曰:“世史也。
”又至一室，藏书愈富。
又问:“何书?”老人曰:“万国志也。
”后至一密室，扃钥甚固，有二黑犬守之，上有署篆，曰“琅嬛福地”。
问老人曰：“何地?”曰：“此玉京、紫微、金真、七瑛、丹书、秘籍。
"指二犬曰:“此痴龙也，守此二千年矣。
”开门肃．茂先入，见所藏书，皆秦汉以前及海外诸国事，多所．未闻。
如《三坟》《九丘》《连山》《归藏》《梼杌》《春秋》诸书，亦皆在焉。
茂先爽然自失。
老人乃出酒果饷之，鲜洁非人世所有。
茂先为停信．再访,纵观群书。
”老人笑不答,送茂宿．而出，谓老人曰：“异日裹粮．．先出。
甫出，门石忽然自闭。
茂先回视之，但见杂草藤萝，绕石而生，石上苔藓亦合，初无缝隙.茂先痴伫视，望石再拜而．去。
嬴氏焚书史，咸阳火正炽。
此中有全书，并不遗只字。
上溯书契前，结绳亦有记。
鹞前视伏羲，已是其叔季。
海外多名邦，九州一黑痣。
读书三十乘．，千万中一二。
方知余见小,春秋问蛄蟪。
石彭与凫毛，所见同儿稚。
欲入问老人，路迷不得至。
回首绝壁间，荒蔓惟薜荔。
懊恨一出门，可望不可企。
坐卧十年许，此中或开示。
【注】①张茂先：名华，字茂先。
西晋文学家。
的一项是16．对下列句子中加点词语的解释，不正确．．．A．开门肃．茂先入肃：恭敬的样子.而出信宿：两三天。
B．茂先为停信宿．．C．异日裹粮再访裹粮:携带粮食。
课外文言文字词、断句、翻译
2017中考课外文言文字词、断句、翻译专题课型：复习课中心发言人：陈永一、教学目标：1、掌握课外文言文字、词、句的翻译方法、技巧。
2、掌握文言文断句的标志、技巧。
二、教学重难点：掌握文言文字词解析法和断句标志、技巧三、教学过程：一、理解重点实、虚词（一）考情分析：①多积累常见实词的常见义项，同时要掌握一些推断词义的技巧。
②掌握特殊的文言实词情况：一词多义、通假字、古今异义、词类活用等（二）出题规律：①题型三年保持不变（一词多义单选辨析）；②考查的字三年未重复；③都选“相同”的一项；4、每一选项的一组词，前者来自课内，后者来自课外。
（三）解析技巧：技巧一、字形分析法汉字中的形声字占80%，形声字的形旁有表意的功能。
会意字则本身就表意。
课内链接：1、骈死于槽枥之间 2、尝趋百里外，从乡之先达执经叩问技巧二、结构观察法利用上下文中对偶，对比，排比，并列，互文等相近似的语言结构来推断。
这些对应的词语往往在意义上相反，相近（相同）。
课内链接：1、戴朱缨宝饰之帽，腰白玉之环。
2、蝉则千转不穷，猿则百叫无绝。
技巧三、知识迁移法1、成语中保留了大量的文言词义，联系成语。
2、课内学过的实词意义要积累、活用。
【例】1、又患无硕师名人与游（患得患失） 2、稍降辞色（察言观色） 3 、略无慕艳意（略无阙处）技巧四、通假推断法：根据通假音同或音近的原则，从声旁或形旁角度出发，以另一个与之相通的字代入试解。
课内链接：1.才美不外见 2.同舍生皆被绮绣（其他方法补充详见《南方新中考》P88）（四）字词积累：记忆、掌握《南方新中考》P217-233的重点字词二、文言文重点语句翻译参见《南方新中考》P69.三、文言文断句技巧一、【考情分析】1、什么是断句：古书无标点符号，诵读时根据文义作停顿，或同时在书上按停顿加圈点，叫做断句。
这种“句”往往比现在语法所讲的“句”短。
2、断句就是给出没有句读的句子，让考生判断句子的句读。
主要考查方法有两种：一种是直接用“|”线在句子中标出句读；另一种是以选择题的形式出现，选出句读标志正确或错误的一项。
2017四级辅导---翻译(1)
• To make a good plan ,prepare well and try to do some real test papers are advisible. • It is advisible to make a good plan ,prepare well and try to do some real test papers
3
2.突出句子的话题
主语和话题？ 二者的语法性质和语义特征很不一样。主语在语法性质上是一个结构成 分，在语义上是行为动作的施动者。话题是句子其余部分的陈述对象。 “...，青少年犯罪现象才能得到根本解决。” 为了突出句子的话题，汉译英时可以选择话题作为译文的主语。
例1 茶的品种不同，制法也不同。
Tea differs in types and method of production.
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(2)状语的位置的调整
汉语的句内语序：主+状+谓+宾，状语偶尔在句首 英语的句内语序：主+谓+宾+状 状语偶尔在句首或句中
例1 中国通过丝绸之路给西域各国带去了丝织物、火药和印刷术。
China brought silk, gunpowder, and printing techniques to the West via the Silk Road.
Square dancing is not allowed at the places intended for solemn activities. 8
2.增添主语
当汉语无主句较长，或存在多个宾语时，不太适合将其译为英语 被动句。理解句意，挖掘隐含主语，在译文中添加“we、one 、 you”等表泛指的代词来做主语，使译文成为结构完整、逻辑严谨的句 子。 例 1 中国历史上产生了许多杰出的哲学家、思想家、政治家、军事 家、科学家和文学艺术家，留下了浩烟如海的典籍。
高等学历继续教育本科学士学位外语英语水平考试大纲
高等学历继续教育本科学士学位外语（英语）水平考试大纲一、考试科目名称：学位英语二、考试方式：闭卷、笔试三、考试时间：120分钟四、试卷结构：总分100分，其中词汇和语法10分，阅读理解40分，翻译30 分,写作20分。
五、参考书目1.郑树棠.《新视野大学英语「3》（第三版）.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2015.2.张伯香张文.《新起点大学英语综合教程1-3》.上海：上海外语教育出版社,2017.3.齐雁飞陈梅等.《魔“方”大学英文写作教程》.北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2020.六、考试基本要求学位英语考试难度趋于大学英语四级。
考试范围包括大学英语教学大纲所规定的词汇运用，语法结构，阅读理解、翻译和写作的全部内容。
重点考核学生的英语语言基础知识和语言运用能力。
词汇运用与语法结构方面，要求学生能够识记《全国大学英语四、六级考试大纲》（2016年修订版）要求的四级词汇量4500 个单词，其中常考高频词汇3000个左右。
熟练掌握基本的词汇和相应的常用词组，以及基本语法知识。
阅读方面，要求学生能阅读中等难度的一般题材的简短英文文章和资料。
翻译方面，要求学生能将中等难度的一般题材的文字材料和对外交往中的一般业务文字材料译成汉语或英语，译文达意。
写作方面，要求学生能在30分钟内写出100760个单词的议论文或应用文，词句基本正确，无重大语法错误，格式恰当，表达清楚。
为保证试卷的可信度，除短文写作、英汉互译等部分采用主观试题外，其余部分均采用客观试题。
七、考试范围第一部分：词汇、语法结构（Vocabulary and Grammar Structure）试题答案Part I Vocabulary and Structure （每题 1分,1-5 AADCC 6-10BDCAB 11-15CAADC 16-20ABCCB21-25 CBACD26-30 C A C A CCloze （每题 1 分,共 10 分） 31-35 B B AB C 36-40 BBDCBTranslation （共 20 分）41-45 C BACA （每题 1 分，共 10 分）46微信是日常生活中必不可少的应用程序。
“文言文翻译题”如何做到字通意顺
复习目标： 1、明确文言文句子翻译的考点。 2、根据文言文句子翻译的原则（信、达、 雅）和要求（直译为主，意译为辅）， 学习文言文句子翻译的方法。
一、知考点 二、找问题 三、寻方法 四、做练习
一、知考点
通假现象 古今异义
文言实词 词类活用
一词多义 偏义或同义复词现象
而欲慎己免咎，必不我从。”浚固使白之，浑果曰：“受诏但令江北
抗衡吴军，不使轻进。贵州虽武，岂能独平江东！今者违命，胜不足
多；若其不胜，为罪已重。且诏令龙骧受我节度，但当具君舟楫，一
时俱济耳。”
(选自《晋书·周浚传》，有删改)
张悌率精锐之卒，悉吴国之众，殄灭于此，吴之朝野莫不震慑。
关键词语 悉、殄灭、莫、震慑
斩了伪丞相张悌等共千人的首级，俘虏数以万计，进军驻扎在横 江。当时听说龙骧将军王濬已经攻克上游城镇，别驾何恽劝说周 浚道：“张悌统率着精锐的部队，都是吴国的部众，在此地被我 们消灭了，吴国朝野无不震撼慑服。现在王龙骧已经攻克武昌， 军威很强盛，沿江顺流而下，所向无敌攻无不克，吴已显现出土 崩瓦解之势。我私下认为应该迅速渡江，直奔建邺，大军突然而 至，夺了吴军胆量气势，可以不用交战就擒获敌人。”周浚认为
(2017年百校联考）第13题文言文翻译题
(1)信以资产富殖，不乐他徙，唐遂潜賫百金而南。
0
4
(2)尝拥商赀于卞、洛间，见进士缀行而出，窃叹曰：“生子当令如此！”
3
1
二、找问题
总结失分原因
1、没有落实到关键词。
2、没有关注特殊句式。
3、表意不通，表达不畅，忽视语境。
三、寻方法
1、明原则
翻译文言文的原则是： 信、达、雅
2017年高考语文复习答题技巧：文言文翻译高分策略免费范文
如何提升高考语文分数?文言文翻译成现代汉语是传统的考查方法之一，小编为您分享了2017年高考语文复习答题技巧：文言文翻译高分策略，供您参考!翻译文言文不是能读懂文本就可以轻易做到的，因为心里边明白不等于嘴上能够说出来，嘴上能说出来不等于笔下能够写出来，它还涉及现代汉语的书面表达能力问题。
我们认为，高考题型的变化，有利于考查考生真实的阅读能力，有利于促进考生的语言表达能力。
对考生而言，也意味着试题难度的提高。
为帮助考生有效地进行文言文翻译练习，高分网小编特作以下几点提示：(一)掌握文言文翻译的三条标准。
将文言文翻译成现代汉语，通常讲究信、达、雅。
所谓信，指的是忠实于原文。
原文讲的是什么意思，译成现代汉语后应能如实传达出原文的意思，不能随意增减文意，更不能曲解。
所谓达，指的是译成的话要符合现代汉语的规范，要文通字顺，不能够虽然忠实原文，却译得句子拗口，令人难读或难懂。
至于雅，则是比较高的要求，指的是译成的现代汉语具有较高的表达水平，不但能忠实于原文，还能把原文的意蕴较好地传达出来，文笔流畅优美。
(二)掌握文言文翻译的五字要诀：文言文翻译要能做到信、达、雅，应该掌握五字诀：留、删、增、调、变。
1.留，即保留古今相同的词和专有名词，如人名、地名、朝代名、国名、官职、年号、某些典章制度名称以及物品名称等，这些不必翻译。
硬要翻译，反而会弄巧成拙。
2.删，删去一些只起语法作用，没有实际意义的虚词;无法对应地用现代汉语进行翻译，删后又不影响句子的准确通顺的，亦可删去。
3.增，把文言文的单音词译成现代汉语的双音词;文言文中省略的成分，在翻译时也应增补出来。
4.调，将古今汉语不同的语序，按现代汉语的规范调整。
如：“有一言而可以终身行之者乎?”是一个定语后置句，翻译时就要把定语“可以终身行”调到中心词“一言”之前。
再如：“句读之不知，惑之不解”是两个宾语前置句，应按“不知句读，不解惑”来翻译。
5.变，就是变通，在忠实于原文的基础上，活译有关文字。
2017考研英语简单句的定义和翻译技巧
2017考研英语简单句的定义和翻译技巧准备开始着手落实2017考研英语备考工作的考生们，都教授提醒考生们在注意背诵单词的过程中，语法的学习也是相当重要的，考生们之前的语法恐怕在大学前三年里已经忘的差不多了吧，要知道语法是长难句的基础，而长难句又是每个题型都要碰到的难题，下面都教授就带领各位考生来学习一下何为简单句以及如何破解简单句中的障碍。
一、简单句的定义简单句只含有一套主谓结构，并且句子各成分都只能由单词或短语构成。
这个定义中考生需要把握两点：1.只含有一套主谓结构且句子各成分都只能由单词或短语构成。
Tom, do you take Jerry for your lawful wife , to have and to hold , from this day forward , for better , for worse , for richer , for poorer , in sickness and in health , until death do part you ?这是一个西式婚礼的场景，接下来要说的让自己笃定一生的五个句子就是非常典型的简单句，这五个句子都只有一套主谓结构且句子各个成分都只由单词或短语构成：I do .I love you .You make me happy .I will give you a kiss .You are my angel .2.简单句的短语中可以出现从属的主谓结构。
The Court supported the medical principle holding that an action is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.本句出现不止一套主谓结构，但其中一套主谓结构是从属于一个现在分词短语的，也就是说句子的主语是the Court ,谓语是supported，虽然在holding引导的现在分词短语中的宾语是由一个句子充当，但就整个句子来说依然是简单句。
2017考研英语翻译题技巧----词汇层面(一)
2017考研已经拉开序幕，很多考生不知道如何选择适合自己的考研复习资料。
中公考研辅导老师为考生准备了考研英语方面的建议，希望可以助考生一臂之力。
同时中公考研特为广大学子推出考研集训营、专业课辅导、精品网课、vip1对1等课程，针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析，欢迎各位考生了解咨询。
考研英语（一）第四个题型，即阅读理解Part C，是一篇400词左右的英语文章，其中有五个划线长难句要求考生进行翻译，每个句子平均大约30词以上；评分标准是采点给分，一个句子有2—4个采分点。
通常来说翻译题最好在30分钟内做完，除去阅读全文的时间，每个句子的翻译时间要控制在5分钟之内。
翻译题是非常能够考察考生的语言综合能力------英语阅读分析能力、理解能力、英汉转换能力，以及汉语表达能力。
所以说，它是比较难拿分的一道题，本文将向同学们介绍几个常用的翻译技巧，帮助同学们抓住采分点。
在学习翻译技巧之前，要先明确翻译步骤。
通常来讲，翻译有以下三个步骤：划分结构----逐字翻译----整合重组。
划分结构就是要在读懂这篇英语文章的基础上，根据标志词（标点、连词、词组）把整个句子划分为2—4个意群；逐字翻译即扫清单词障碍（通过前两步，整个句子的意思也就出来了）；整合重组即把各个意群重新排列，用地道的书面汉语表达出来。
最终要达到准确、通顺、完整的要求。
在这三个步骤中，从第二步到第三步的过程就是集中体现翻译技巧与方法的地方。
也就是如何把原文的意思重新排列，以形成通顺的汉语。
翻译技巧有两大层面：词汇层面和句子层面，本文主要介绍词汇层面的词义引申技巧。
词义引申分为两种，第一种是将原文的个别英语词汇在汉语中做抽象化引申，例如：She sailed in to my sitting room.其中sail在这里做动词用，其动词基础含义是“像帆船般平稳地前进，滑进”，那么可以初步判断，这句话的含义是“她滑进我的起居室”，但是我们绝对不能在试卷上这样表达。
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六、分译与合译
1.合译法
许多西方人会选咖啡。而中国人则会选茶。
（2013.12四级真题）
Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea 秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高 采烈，庆祝丰收。（2016.12四级真题） When the crops ripen in autumn, the fields will grow golden-yellow and people will cheerfully celebrate the harvest.
2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了 下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全 检查。（2014.06四级真题）
After the accident of Japan’s nuclear plant in
March 2011, the exploration of nuclear power in China has been suspended. China also halted/stopped approving new nuclear power stations and a nationwide safety inspection for
形合
象形文字 汉藏语系
意合
2013年12月6级真题：中国园林 这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间 应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。 These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed to express the harmony between man and nature.
2.分译法
• 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家， 是儒家学派 （Confucianism）的创始人， 被尊称为古代的“圣人” （sage）。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage” • 如今，很多年轻人不再选择“稳定”的工作，他们更愿意 自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。（u1 b3) Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts
大学英语四、六级考试
翻译题型
新改革后翻译题型:段落翻译（汉译英）
测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能 力。
分值比例： 15% 考试时间： 30分钟
内容： 中国历史、文化、经济、社会
长度： 四级：140-160个汉字； 六级：180-200个汉字
大学英语四六级考试翻译评分标准
档次 13-15分 10-12分 7-9分 4-6分 1-3分 0分 评 分 标 准 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上 无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语 言错误。 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多， 其中有些是严重语言错误。 译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多 的严重语言错误。 译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达 原文意思。 未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。
人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常 放在红信封里。（2016.12四级真题）
Cash is usually put in small red envelopes/packets as gifts to relatives or close friends
从它形成到现在，一直为民族精神的构建、民族 智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的 作用。（U1B4） From the time it came into being to the present,
翻译解题思路：
一.通读整个段落
二.判断每个句子的句型及主谓结构
三.做题
四.检查修改
翻译的七大技巧
翻译的七大技巧：一、增词
1.增加连词 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
三、词性转换
她的书给我们的印象很深。
Her book impressed us deeply.
中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进 存在着密不可分的关系。
The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.
那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都 漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止 穿黄色衣服的。（2016.12四级真题）
The color was exclusively used by the emperors then: all the royal palaces were all painted yellow and the dragon robes were always yellow. The civilians, however, were banned from wearing yellow clothes. 乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。（2016.06四级真题）
2010年，中国约有4.2亿网民 （ 2014.12四级真题）
2010, China about have 420 million netizens
There were about 420 million netizens in China in 2010
英、汉两种语言对比
英语 汉语
拼音文字 印欧语系
中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术， 是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.
2011年，中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。
（2015.06四级真题）
该比例在所有核国家中居第30位，几乎是最 低的 （2014.06四级真题）
This percentage ranks the 30th in the list of
countries with nuclear power, and this figure is
almost the least/lowest.
all nuclear stations were carried out.
在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿 和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处 可见。（2016.12四级真题）
Generally, the color of red usually symbolizes good fortune，longevity and happiness in Chinese culture. It can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and other joyous /festive occasions。
it has played an invaluable role in the construction of
national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom,
and the development of national culture.
3.in Wuzhen are built of stone and wood.
五、语序变换
创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。（Unit1.book3）
Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading
China’s economy 丽江地处云南省西北部，境内多山
In 2011, China overtook Japan and became the world’s second largest economy.
2.增加主语
不研究《论语》，就不能真正把握中国几千 年的传统文化.
• Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years’ traditional Chinese culture.
以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已 成为经济发展的重要引擎（U3B4）
As represented by the promising Ecommerce, the Internet economy has become a strong driving force for the
economic development.
二、减词
• 这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的
春天!让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧! Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the people, and of science.