【计算机专业文献翻译】办公自动化系统
The office automation
Transact an automation(the Office Automation System, OA) to mean:according to forerunner of the network connects with each other of the distribute type software system, pass the valid resources share and information exchanges and release, attain the exaltation work efficiency, lower the labor strength, reduce the purpose of the repeated labor.It emphasizes interpersonal and each of the ,business enterprise of thesection to be in conjunction with a work, and its carry on valid exchangesmutually,communication.
The OA is the reasonable application that the calculator technique is in transact the business.The calculator technique is an OA premise.If escape from the calculator technique but talk OA, just like in the person say dream.Have no calculator technique, the OA becomes a water of has no source and have no the wood of the wood
then.Calculator to information of saving with processing the ability changed people to transact a way biggest, raising a work efficiency.Such as:want to build up the decision support system, then need data warehouse,OLAP etc. technique:want to build up the information management system, then have to have techniques, such as database and the program design language...etc.:want to build up the business/business processing system, then can not get away from a database and design the good man-machine interface and work to flow a control,OLTP etc.
The OA is the exchanges that makes use of the correspondence technique to carry out person and the machine,machine and machine and person and persons, the correspondence technique is an OA foundation.The modern office isn't the soldier any more to fight courageously, but a team is in conjunction with a work, the coordination of the member's in the team,cooperate to can not get away from a correspondence technique;Modern office also no longer is build a cart behind closed door, the business enterprise demand and the external world extensive information exchanges, this cans not get away from a correspondence technique more.Have no technical support of correspondence, the OA became mirage then.
The OA is the thing that the management thought of science is under the forerunner's technique means to turn.The management thought of science is the core that carries out OA.The calculator technique and the correspondence technique only is in order to carry out OA to beat to descend foundation, provide a possibility.Want to be real to carry out OA, also needs the contents that the thing turns science management in mankind's thinking.
From here but know, OA is calculator technique,correspond by letter technique and science of management thought perfect kind of state and ideal for combine.We always at in order to carry out the OA but effort, but our result only is in the some links,some squareses but,the partly carried out OA of function, has a margin with real OA still, the margin basically lies in applied system to the management thought of carry out aspect
Transact the development of the automation
Transact the automation(the OA-Office Automation) is to transact modernization to put together with the calculator network function knot of a kind of transacts a way newly, is a very active in the current new technique revolution with have very strong vitality of technique applied realm is the outcome of the information-based society.Pass a network, organize the organization insider member can cross over time,space to be in conjunction with a work.Passes the commutation type network application that the OA system carry out, make the information deliver more fast with convenience, expanded to transact means thus and biggest, carry out to transact of high-efficiency.
Now say of transact automation, should take network as to rely on, carry on unimpeded information exchanges in the business enterprise inner part.Under this kind of mode, the business enterprise becomes a big office, it the finance,personnel,administration,business belong to etc. the sections all become the business enterprise information to flow in of a link, but Be not the information isolated island of the single any more.Depend on this kind of mode, the organization structure of the business enterprise can get a simplification, each section shares in the information of the foundation go forward to go cooperation, easy to definitely each section even the responsibility of each employee, but make policy a layer and can synthesize to come from each square quickly but of information, and this strategic decision that is the basis to draw up a business enterprise.No one doubts the emergence of the calculator brings employee in office of convenience, but to the transact of modern automation but speech, its purpose has already not limitted at workload of ease the employee, but wants to work employee to medium liberation to come out from the tedious business, paying attention to the most important affair with more energies, raising the efficiency of the business enterprise thus, strengthenning a business enterprise of comprehensive competition ability.Speaks from this meaning, tend to turn white-hot in the market competition of now greatly, transact the automation is no longer a kind of means,a kind of tool, but becomes deciding the life vein that the business enterprise exists a development.
The our country starts develop to transact automation from the 80's end and at the beginning of 90's, having already had more than ten histories of years to now.In early days, mostly from the calculator personnel of the business enterprise,the unit inner part or the fancier usage FoxBase, the Foxpro write of, these software well not we now point of transact the automation software, but their most that aims at to transact a medium certain and particular need to develop is the single machine operation mode, falling through the information commutation and sharing, the contents do usually just inputs a some and particular contents, print according to the certain format these contentses again, so these softwares say on the real meaning and can't say is transact automation software.
After entering in mid 90's, along with network technique(such as:the 100 M ether net),the groupware system(the special Microsoft Exchange Server and Louts
Notes,the database technique(the mature relation database management system) and various but have toward the object development soil(such as:the Microsoft VisualStudio etc. technique and product is gradually mature but is applied extensively, developping gradual vehemence of cause the market competition soon because of the fly of the domestic economy in the meantime, and government to the extension that the business enterprise macro view adjusts to control with excellent turn, the all these causes the need of the business enterprise to transact to automate a product increase quickly.Transact automation to start turning into a fast development stage at this time.Expand gradually along with the software market, the domestic is engaged in the company of the software development to also grow up gradually exclusively, and specialized is the government and business enterprise to"tailor" to transact an automation, develop according to the concrete need of the customer because of these systems of, so its function is more perfect, and can the effective demand of the better contented customer, but it exists some fatal weakness:
Develop period long
The investment is big
Software the development needs a continuous maintenance after the completion The reason that causes to appear these weaknesses contain a lot of kinds, if the development troops set of the software development company brigade mode is small reasonable,lack a development to transact experience of automate the product:the customer lack to the understanding etc. that transacts to automate a product.But real important reason usually is because at develop process in or the development completion after the need occurrence variety of the customer but cause, usually will appear during the period of develop to cause the software modify to lengthen by going to the whole development period continuously with the development expenses overspend because the need of the customer changes continuously.After coming out the software development through all sorts of hardship, again because the customer need variety wants to carry on a continuous modification maintenance to the software.Till the last, the whole software as if a piece thousand sew 100 repair of clothes, the function,applicability and function all will lower consumedly.
A lot of software development companies think the emergence of[with] these problems lies in customer of demanding of change continuously, in fact this kind of viewpoint combine inaccuracy, because the development of the society and the reform of the national organization will cause by all means the national organization and the management style variety of the business enterprise, but the variety of this kind of management style will cause the need variety of the customer to transact to automate software."Change"ing since is ineluctable, we will can let the software adapt this kind of variety.
Constuct along with each national organization and business enterprise calculator network the end of 90's of gradual perfect, and Internet/Intranet at local of universality, the whole social middleman and the person's exchanges and the contact method took place hypostatic variety, the electronical information exchanges method became main current gradually.Develop in early days at this time of some transact the automation software and expose a some irregularities, transacted the automation
software to take area net environment in bureau as foundation but design mostly in early days of, because of chose the terrace of the type at that time isn't united, result in Be carrying out several bureau area nets to carry on the data commutation(such as with top and bottom the data of the class or even class unit exchange) to meet tremendous resistance, appear a kind of"the information 鸿ditch".The information of area net in bureau delivers the text that can depend on originality usually originally the way deliver, becoming an again thus new each from independent information isolated island.This kind of circumstance obstructed an our country to transact the development of the automation biggest.
From the mid 90's in 20 centuries up to now. Derivation Intranet, Extranet. The Internet Internet technique is quick to develop and make widely available in the our country. The government get to the Internet engineering .The business enterprise get to the Internet engineering. Electronics government Electronic commerce The electronics manage Government internal net Business enterprise net The numerical nervous system and numeral turn to transact etc. a series of new concept. But to these new concept, lifting again OA will let the many people feel captivation perhaps.Seem this concept of OA is unwell already should the demand of the information-based development.We temporary think this stage is the new stage of the OA development here. The main marking of this stage should be with each other connect net technical widespread usage.
The content and outside that transact automation postpone
At the new period, according to transact the automation construction experience for many years and connect a technical development of net with each other, the understanding that transacts automation for us is also more and more clear, seeing from the property of the network, transact the automation should is position in an internal net(Intranet), from transacted a property to see, transact the automation should is position in numeral to turn to transact, transacting the foundation that the automation should be an information-based construction in the eyes of the information-based construction.
Transact automation the essence of the construction with the exaltation makes policy effect for purpose of.Transact automation through a realization, or say the realization numeral turns to transact, can be excellent to turn the existing management organization structure, adjusting the consistency of the plan, the purpose of the end realization exaltation decision effect.
The foundation that transacts automation is to manage of comprehension and to backlog of information.The technique just transacts the means of the automation.Ground only managed business to have deep comprehension towards manage and, woulded make to transact automation to use violence, only will transact the born information in the process to carry on a preface to turn a backlog, precipitate, transacting automation then can produce result.
The soul that transacts automation is a software, the hardware just carries out an environment guarantee of transact the automation.The numeral turns to transact of
two obvious characteristics is authorizations with open, pass authorization to insure the safety and layering usage of[with] information, make the numeral turn to transact the system contain the premise that can be in use, passing to open, making the information share become reality.
Along with the Internet technical universality and application, the important application that transacts automation as Intranet has to be can connect with each other with Internet, including an E-mail,Web to release an etc., this not only communicates an outside information inside the business enterprise and publicizee outward, but also can also provide the network service further, carrying out electronic commerce with participate the electronics community.
Set out from the customer usage angle in fact, the concept of"the data save to visit center" can raise the amity of the applied system with maximum limit with use sex easily.Also be say, the customer the demand visit a system, can visit to all informations that he need, include to transact an information,business data,Internet data.We think transacting an automation should become such"save to visit center", also only transacting an automation can undertake such role.Doubtless, the development that transacts an automation certainly is since from the function gradually perfect and strong, and from use the top of sex easily also more and more friendly with convenience.
In order to carry out the function request that the business enterprise transacts automation, the information technique has to be provided the solid foundation and full technique means, so we should also see current development level.That system is total of to say that develop under the WEB environment, the techniques need all have something to do with network, because of develop time etc. condition restriction, function request analysis in of parts of function short dates carry out impossibly and completely, such as the electronics mailbox etc. function.So it is impossible for system to accomplish in one move, the function need small break an enlargement,modification and get stripe in the movement.
Transact the development direction of the automation
The development direction that transacts automation should be a numeral to turn to transact.The so-called numeral turns to transact to transact business almost and allly namely all a realization under the network environment.See from the technique development angle, connect a technical development of net especially and with each other, the development of safe technical development and the software theories, carry out numeral to turn to transact is possible.From the management system and work habitual angle to see, the overall numeral turns to transact to still have a distance, numerical turn to transact first inevitable pound at an existing management system, make the existing management system occurrence change, but manage the change of the system to mean the right and benefits reallocate:another work habit with original manager,the work way and the law system is very strong inertial, in a short time the change needs date still.For all that, whole but carry out numeral to turn to transact is transact automation to develop of inevitable.
计算机专业毕业设计说明书外文翻译(中英对照)
Talking about security loopholes Richard S. Kraus reference to the core network security business objective is to protect the sustainability of the system and data security, This two of the main threats come from the worm outbreaks, hacking attacks, denial of service attacks, Trojan horse. Worms, hacker attacks problems and loopholes closely linked to, if there is major security loopholes have emerged, the entire Internet will be faced with a major challenge. While traditional Trojan and little security loopholes, but recently many Trojan are clever use of the IE loophole let you browse the website at unknowingly were on the move. Security loopholes in the definition of a lot, I have here is a popular saying: can be used to stem the "thought" can not do, and are safety-related deficiencies. This shortcoming can be a matter of design, code realization of the problem. Different perspective of security loo phole s In the classification of a specific procedure is safe from the many loopholes in classification. 1. Classification from the user groups: ● Public loopholes in the software category. If the loopholes in Windows, IE loophole, and so on. ● specialized software loophole. If Oracle loopholes, Apach e,
计算机专业英语名词(缩写及翻译)
AAT（Average access time，平均存取时间） ABS（Auto Balance System，自动平衡系统） AM（Acoustic Management，声音管理） ASC（Advanced Size Check，高级尺寸检查） ASMO（Advanced Storage Magneto-Optical，增强形光学存储器） AST（Average Seek time，平均寻道时间） ATA（Advanced Technology Attachment，高级技术附加装置）ATOMM（Advanced super Thin-layer and high-Output Metal Media，增强形超薄高速金属媒体） BBS（BIOS Boot Specification，基本输入/输出系统启动规范） BPI（Bit Per Inch，位/英寸） bps（bit per second，位/秒） bps（byte per second，字节/秒） CAM（Common Access Model，公共存取模型） CF（CompactFlash Card，紧凑型闪存卡） CHS（Cylinders、Heads、Sectors，柱面、磁头、扇区） CSS（Common Command Set，通用指令集） DBI（dynamic bus inversion，动态总线倒置） DIT（Disk Inspection Test，磁盘检查测试） DMA（Direct Memory Access，直接内存存取） DTR（Disk Transfer Rate，磁盘传输率） EIDE（enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics，增强形电子集成驱动器）eSATA（External Serial ATA，扩展型串行ATA） FDB（fluid-dynamic bearings，动态轴承） FAT（File Allocation T ables，文件分配表） FC（Fibre Channel，光纤通道） FDBM（Fluid dynamic bearing motors，液态轴承马达） FDB（Fluid Dynamic Bearing，非固定动态轴承） FDC（Floppy Disk Controller，软盘驱动器控制装置） FDD（Floppy Disk Driver，软盘驱动器） GMR（giant magnetoresistive，巨型磁阻） HDA（Head Disk Assembly，头盘组件） HiFD（high-capacity floppy disk，高容量软盘） IDE（Integrated Drive Electronics，电子集成驱动器） IPEAK SPT（Intel Performance Evaluation and Analysis Kit - Storage Performance Toolkit，英特尔性能评估和分析套件- 存储性能工具包）JBOD（Just a Bunch Of Disks，磁盘连续捆束阵列） LBA（Logical Block Addressing，逻辑块寻址） MR（Magneto-resistive Heads，磁阻磁头） MBR（Master Boot Record，主引导记录） ms（Millisecond，毫秒） MSR（Magnetically induced Super Resolution，磁感应超分辨率）MTBF（Mean Time Before Failure，平均无故障时间） NQC（Native Queuing Command，内部序列命令）
计算机专业外文文献及翻译
微软Visual Studio 1微软Visual Studio Visual Studio 是微软公司推出的开发环境，Visual Studio可以用来创建Windows平台下的Windows应用程序和网络应用程序，也可以用来创建网络服务、智能设备应用程序和Office 插件。Visual Studio是一个来自微软的集成开发环境IDE，它可以用来开发由微软视窗，视窗手机，Windows CE、.NET框架、.NET精简框架和微软的Silverlight支持的控制台和图形用户界面的应用程序以及Windows窗体应用程序，网站，Web应用程序和网络服务中的本地代码连同托管代码。 Visual Studio包含一个由智能感知和代码重构支持的代码编辑器。集成的调试工作既作为一个源代码级调试器又可以作为一台机器级调试器。其他内置工具包括一个窗体设计的GUI应用程序，网页设计师，类设计师，数据库架构设计师。它有几乎各个层面的插件增强功能，包括增加对支持源代码控制系统（如Subversion和Visual SourceSafe）并添加新的工具集设计和可视化编辑器，如特定于域的语言或用于其他方面的软件开发生命周期的工具（例如Team Foundation Server的客户端：团队资源管理器）。 Visual Studio支持不同的编程语言的服务方式的语言，它允许代码编辑器和调试器（在不同程度上）支持几乎所有的编程语言，提供了一个语言特定服务的存在。内置的语言中包括C/C + +中（通过Visual C++）,https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a3159000.html,（通过Visual https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a3159000.html,），C＃中（通过Visual C＃）和F＃（作为Visual Studio 2010），为支持其他语言，如M,Python,和Ruby等，可通过安装单独的语言服务。它也支持的 XML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML ,JavaScript和CSS.为特定用户提供服务的Visual Studio也是存在的：微软Visual Basic，Visual J＃、Visual C＃和Visual C++。 微软提供了“直通车”的Visual Studio 2010组件的Visual Basic和Visual C＃和Visual C + +，和Visual Web Developer版本，不需任何费用。Visual Studio 2010、2008年和2005专业版，以及Visual Studio 2005的特定语言版本（Visual Basic、C++、C＃、J＃），通过微软的下载DreamSpark计划，对学生免费。 2架构 Visual Studio不支持任何编程语言，解决方案或工具本质。相反，它允许插入各种功能。特定的功能是作为一个VS压缩包的代码。安装时，这个功能可以从服务器得到。IDE提供三项服务：SVsSolution，它提供了能够列举的项目和解决方案; SVsUIShell，它提供了窗口和用户界面功能（包括标签，工具栏和工具窗口）和SVsShell，它处理VS压缩包的注册。此外，IDE还可以负责协调和服务之间实现通信。所有的编辑器，设计器，项目类型和其他工具都是VS压缩包存在。Visual Studio 使用COM访问VSPackage。在Visual Studio SDK中还包括了管理软件包框架(MPF)，这是一套管理的允许在写的CLI兼容的语言的任何围绕COM的接口。然而，MPF并不提供所有的Visual Studio COM 功能。
计算机专业外文文献翻译6
外文文献翻译（译成中文2000字左右）： As research laboratories become more automated,new problems are arising for laboratory managers.Rarely does a laboratory purchase all of its automation from a single equipment vendor. As a result,managers are forced to spend money training their users on numerous different software packages while purchasing support contracts for each. This suggests a problem of scalability. In the ideal world,managers could use the same software package to control systems of any size; from single instruments such as pipettors or readers to large robotic systems with up to hundreds of instruments. If such a software package existed, managers would only have to train users on one platform and would be able to source software support from a single vendor. If automation software is written to be scalable, it must also be flexible. Having a platform that can control systems of any size is far less valuable if the end user cannot control every device type they need to use. Similarly, if the software cannot connect to the customer’s Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) database,it is of limited usefulness. The ideal automation software platform must therefore have an open architecture to provide such connectivity. Two strong reasons to automate a laboratory are increased throughput and improved robustness. It does not make sense to purchase high-speed automation if the controlling software does not maximize throughput of the system. The ideal automation software, therefore, would make use of redundant devices in the system to increase throughput. For example, let us assume that a plate-reading step is the slowest task in a given method. It would make that if the system operator connected another identical reader into the system, the controller software should be able to use both readers, cutting the total throughput time of the reading step in half. While resource pooling provides a clear throughput advantage, it can also be used to make the system more robust. For example, if one of the two readers were to experience some sort of error, the controlling software should be smart enough to route all samples to the working reader without taking the entire system offline. Now that one embodiment of an ideal automation control platform has been described let us see how the use of C++ helps achieving this ideal possible. DISCUSSION C++: An Object-Oriented Language Developed in 1983 by BjarneStroustrup of Bell Labs,C++ helped propel the concept of object-oriented programming into the mainstream.The term ‘‘object-oriented programming language’’ is a familiar phrase that has been in use for decades. But what does it mean? And why is it relevant for automation software? Essentially, a language that is object-oriented provides three important programming mechanisms:
计算机专业外文翻译
专业外文翻译 题目JSP Technology Conspectus and Specialties 系（院）计算机系 专业计算机科学与技术 班级 学生姓名 学号 指导教师 职称讲师 二〇一三年五月十六日
JSP Technology Conspectus and Specialties The JSP (Java Server Pages) technology is used by the Sun micro-system issued by the company to develop dynamic Web application technology. With its easy, cross-platform, in many dynamic Web application programming languages, in a short span of a few years, has formed a complete set of standards, and widely used in electronic commerce, etc. In China, the JSP now also got more extensive attention; get a good development, more and more dynamic website to JSP technology. The related technologies of JSP are briefly introduced. The JSP a simple technology can quickly and with the method of generating Web pages. Use the JSP technology Web page can be easily display dynamic content. The JSP technology are designed to make the construction based on Web applications easier and efficient, and these applications and various Web server, application server, the browser and development tools work together. The JSP technology isn't the only dynamic web technology, also not the first one, in the JSP technology existed before the emergence of several excellent dynamic web technologies, such as CGI, ASP, etc. With the introduction of these technologies under dynamic web technology, the development and the JSP. Technical JSP the development background and development history In web brief history, from a world wide web that most of the network information static on stock transactions evolution to acquisition of an operation and infrastructure. In a variety of applications, may be used for based on Web client, look no restrictions. Based on the browser client applications than traditional based on client/server applications has several advantages. These benefits include almost no limit client access and extremely simplified application deployment and management (to update an application, management personnel only need to change the program on a server, not thousands of installation in client applications). So, the software industry is rapidly to build on the client browser multilayer application. The rapid growth of exquisite based Web application requirements development of
计算机专业外文文献及翻译
计算机专业外文文献及翻译 微软Visual Studio 1微软Visual Studio 是微软公司推出的软软软境～可以用软建来平台下的 Visual Studio Visual StudioWindows 软用程序和软软用程序～也可以用软建软服软、智能软软软用程序和网来网 插件。WindowsOffice Visual 是一自微软的个来集成软软软境;,～可以用软软由它来微StudioIDEinteqrated development environment软软窗～软手机窗～、框架、精软架框和微软的支持的控制台和软Windows https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a3159000.html,Silverlight 形用软界面的软用程序以及窗体软用程序～站网～软用程序和软服软网中的本地代软软同托管WindowsWeb 代软。 包含一由个智能感知和代软重构支持的代软软软器。集成的软软工作作软一源代软软软既个Visual Studio 软器又可以作软一台机器软软软器。其他置工具包括一软软内个窗体的软用程序～软软软软～软软软软～网数据软架GUI 构软软软。有乎各软面的件增强功能～包括增加软支持它几个插源代软控制系软;如和SubversionVisual ,添加新的工具集软软和可软化软软器～如并特定于域的软言或用于其他方面的软件软软生命周期SourceSafe 的工具;例如的客软端,软软软源管理器,。Team Foundation Server
支持不同的软程软言的服软方式的软言～允软代软软软器和软软器;在不同程 度上,支持它Visual Studio 几乎所有的软程软言～提供了一软言特定服软的存在。置的软言中包括个内中;通软C/C + +Visual C+,;通软,～,中;通软,,和,;作软+,https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a3159000.html,Visual https://www.360docs.net/doc/4a3159000.html,CVisual CFVisual Studio ,～软支持其他软言～如和等～可通软安软的软言服软。软也支持装独它的2010M,Python,Ruby 和软特定用软提供服软的也是存在的,微 XML/XSLT,HTML/XHTML ,JavaScriptCSS.Visual Studio软～,、,和。Visual BasicVisual JVisual CVisual C++ 微软提供了“直通软”的软件的和,和～Visual Studio 2010Visual BasicVisual CVisual C + +和版本～不需任何软用。、年和软软版～以及Visual Web DeveloperVisual Studio 201020082005 的特定软言版本;、、,、,,～通软微软的下软Visual Studio 2005Visual BasicC++CJ 软～软生免软。划学DreamSpark 2架构 不支持任何软程软言～解方案或工具本软。相反～允软入各软功能。特定的功决它插Visual Studio 能是作软一个软软包的代软。安软～软功能可以服软器得到。装个从提供三软服软,～VSIDESVsSolution它决提供了能软列软的软目和解方案～提供了口和用软界面功能;包括软软～工具软和工它窗; SVsUIShell 具口,和窗～软理它软软包的注。此外～册软可以软软软软和服软之软软软通信。所有的软软器～SVsShellVSIDE
计算机专业英语翻译
国家计算机教育认证 计算机英语 计算机英语词汇对译 蒙阴高新电脑学校 资料整理：孙波 IT CFAC gaoxindiannaoxuexiao
2010年9月1日
?PC personal computer 个人计算机 ?IBM International Business Machine 美国国际商用机器公司的公司简称，是最早推出的个人 计算机品牌。 ?Intel 美国英特尔公司，以生产CPU芯片著称。 ?Pentium Intel公司生产的586 CPU芯片,中文译名为“奔腾”。 ?Address地址 ?Agents代理 ?Analog signals模拟信号 ?Applets程序 ?Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口 ?Attachment附件 ?Access time存取时间 ?access存取 ?accuracy准确性 ?ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件 ?Add-ons 插件 ?Active-matrix主动矩阵 ?Adapter cards适配卡 ?Advanced application高级应用 ?Analytical graph分析图表 ?Analyze分析 ?Animations动画 ?Application software 应用软件 ?Arithmetic operations算术运算 ?Audio-output device音频输出设备 ?Basic application基础程序 ?Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案 ?Binary system二进制系统 ?Bit比特 ?Browser浏览器 ?Bus line总线 ?Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元 ?Business-to-consumer企业对消费者 ?Bar code条形码 ?Bar code reader条形码读卡器 ?Bus总线 ?Bandwidth带宽 ?Bluetooth蓝牙 ?Broadband宽带 ?Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务 ?cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序 ?cookies信息记录程序
计算机专业毕业论文文献翻译资料
计算机专业毕业论文文献翻译资料附录一 Compared to multi-threaded operating system, means is that it can run a program with the ability of different parts; each part of the implementation was as a thread. Therefore, in the preparation of applications, we have very good design in order to avoid the implementation of the different threads of mutual interference. Which will help us to design robust procedures, we can make at any time when necessary to add the thread. Thread can be described as a micro-process; it has a starting point for the implementation of the order of series and a destination. It is responsible for the maintenance of its own stack, the stack for exception handling, priority scheduling and a number of other threading systems re-implementation of the information needed. From this concept, it seems there is no thread with the process of distinction, in fact, thread and process is certainly different: the process of a complete independence to have their own memory space and data, but the same thread within a process is shared memory space and data. Corresponds to a process for some procedures, it is by the same procedure in which an independent threads running at the same time the composition. Thread is sometimes referred to as parallel program running on lightweight processes, threads are lightweight processes called because it is dependent on the operation
计算机专业英语课文翻译部分(第四版)
1.2 总线互连 总线是连接两个或多个设备的通信通路。总线的关键特征是，它是一条共享传输介质。多个设备连接到总线上，任一个设备发出的信号可以为其他所有连接到总线上的设备所接收。如果两个设备同时传送，它们的信号将会重叠，引起混淆。因此，一次只能有一个设备成功地（利用总线）发送数据。 典型的情况是，总线由多条通信通路或线路组成，每条线(路)能够传送代表二进制1和0的信号。一段时间里，一条线能传送一串二进制数字。总线的几条线放在一起能同时并行传送二进制数字。例如, 一个8位的数据能在8条总线线上传送。 计算机系统包含有多种不同的总线，它们在计算机系统层次结构的各个层次提供部件之间的通路。连接主要计算机部件(处理机, 存储器, I/O)的总线称为系统总线。系统总线通常由50~100条分立的(导)线组成。每条线被赋予一个特定的含义或功能。虽然有许多不同的总线设计，但任何总线上的线都可以分成三个功能组：数据线、地址线和控制线。此外可能还有为连接的模块提供电源的电源线。 数据线提供系统模块间传送数据的路径，这些线组合在一起称为数据总线。典型的数据总线包含8、16或32根线，线的数量称为数据总线的宽度。因为每条线每次传送1位，所以线的数目决定了每次能同时传送多少位。数据总线的宽度是决定系统总体性能的关键因素。 地址线用于指定数据总线上数据的来源和去向。例如，如果处理机希望从存储器中读一个字的数据，它将所需要字的地址放在地址线上。显然，地址总线的宽度决定了系统最大可能的存储器容量。 控制线用来控制对数据线和地址线的访问和使用。由于数据线和地址线被所有部件共享，因此必须用一种方法来控制它们的使用。控制信号在系统模块之间传送命令和定时信息。定时信息指定了数据和地址信息的有效性，命令信号指定了要执行的操作。 大多数计算机系统使用多总线，这些总线通常设计成层次结构。图1.3显示了一个典型的高性能体系结构。一条局部总线把处理机连接到高速缓存控制器，而高速缓存控制器又连接到支持主存储器的系统总线上。高速缓存控制器集成到连接高速总线的桥中。这一总线支持连接到：高速LAN、视频和图形工作站控制器，以及包括SCSI 和FireWire的局部外设总线的接口控制器。低速设备仍然由分开的扩充总线支持，用一个接口来缓冲该扩充总线和高速总线之间的通信流量。 PCI 外部设备互连是流行的高带宽的、独立于处理机的总线，它能够作为中间层或外围设备总线。当前的标准允许在66MHz频率下使用多达64根数据线，其原始传输速率为528MB/s, 或4.224Gbps。PCI被设计成支持各种各样基于微处理机的配置，包括单处理机和多处理机的系统。因此，它提供了一组通用的功能。PCI使用同步时序以及集中式仲裁方案。 在多处理机系统中，一个或多个PCI配置可通过桥接器连接到处理机的系统总线上。系统总线只支持处理机/高速缓存单元、主存储器以及PCI桥接器。使用桥接器使得PCI独立于处理机速度，又提供快速接收和传送数据的能力。 2.1 光存储介质：高密度存储器 2.1.1 光盘 光盘技术最终可能使磁盘和磁带存储淘汰。用这种技术，磁存储器所用的读/写头被两束激光代替。一束激光通过在光盘上刻制微小的凹点，对记录表面进行写；而另一束激光用来从光敏感的记录表面读取数据。由于光束容易被偏转到光盘上所需要的位置，所以不需要存取臂。 对用户而言，光盘正成为最有吸引力的选择。它们(光盘)对环境变化不太敏感，并且它们以每兆字节比磁盘低得多的存储器价格提供更多的直接存取存储器。光盘技术仍在出现，并且还需要稳定；然而，目前有三种主要类型的光盘。它们是CD-ROM、WORM盘和磁光盘。 CD-ROM 1980年引入的，非常成功的CD，或紧密盘是设计来提高音乐的录音重放质量的光盘。为了制作一张CD，把音乐的模拟声音转换成等价的数字声音，并且存储在一张4.72英寸的光盘上。在每张光盘上可以用数字格式（用20亿数字位）记录74分钟的音乐。因为它的巨大存储容量，计算机工业的企业家们立刻认
计算机专业毕业设计论文(C++)外文文献中英文翻译(Object)[1]
外文资料 Object landscapes and lifetimes Technically, OOP is just about abstract data typing, inheritance, and polymorphism, but other issues can be at least as important. The remainder of this section will cover these issues. One of the most important factors is the way objects are created and destroyed. Where is the data for an object and how is the lifetime of the object controlled? There are different philosophies at work here. C++ takes the approach that control of efficiency is the most important issue, so it gives the programmer a choice. For maximum run-time speed, the storage and lifetime can be determined while the program is being written, by placing the objects on the stack (these are sometimes called automatic or scoped variables) or in the static storage area. This places a priority on the speed of storage allocation and release, and control of these can be very valuable in some situations. However, you sacrifice flexibility because you must know the exact quantity, lifetime, and type of objects while you're writing the program. If you are trying to solve a more general problem such as computer-aided design, warehouse management, or air-traffic control, this is too restrictive. The second approach is to create objects dynamically in a pool of memory called the heap. In this approach, you don't know until run-time how many objects you need, what their lifetime is, or what their exact type is. Those are determined at the spur of the moment while the program is running. If you need a new object, you simply make it on the heap at the point that you need it. Because the storage is managed dynamically, at run-time, the amount of time required to allocate storage on the heap is significantly longer than the time to create storage on the stack. (Creating storage on the stack is often a single assembly instruction to move the stack pointer down, and another to move it back up.) The dynamic approach makes the generally logical assumption that objects tend to be complicated, so the extra overhead of finding storage and releasing that storage will not have an important impact on the creation of an object. In addition, the greater flexibility is essential to solve the general
网络工程专业外文翻译--计算机网络
外文原文： COMPUTER NETWORKS DATE COMMUNICATIONS One of the functions of the host computer is to store the applications programs for the various secondaries. The end equipment which either generates the digital information for transmission or uses the received digital data can be computer ,printers ,keyboards, CRTs, and so on. This equipment generally manipulates digital information internally in word units—all the bits that make up a word in a particular piece of equipment are transferred in parallel. Digital data, when transmitted, are in serial form. Parallel transmission of an 8-bit word require eight pairs of transmission lines—not at all cost-effective. Data terminal (DTE) is a general phrase encompassing all of the circuitry necessary to perform parallel-to-serial and serial-to-parallel conversions for transmission and reception respectively and for data link management. The UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) and USART (Universal Asynchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) are the devices that perform the parallel-to-serial and serial-to-parallel conversions. The primary DTE includes a line control unit (LCU or LinCo) which controls the flow of information in a multipoint data link system. A station controller (STACO) is the corresponding that belonged to the subscriber in a data link system. Between the DTEs, starting with the modems, was communications equipment owned and maintained by Telco property. Data communications equipment (DCE) accepts the serial data stream from the DTE and converts it to some form of analog signal suitable for transmission on voice-grade lined. At the receive end, the DCE performs the reverse function of converting the received analog signal to a serial digital data stream. The simplest form of DCE is a modem (modulator/demodulator) or data set. At the transmit end, the modem can be considered a form of digital-to-analog converter, while at the receive end, it can considered a form of analog-to-digital converter. The most common of modulation by modems are frequency shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). This is a typically data transmission mode using the analog telephone lines. If you transmit data by