非谓语动词的各种形式
非谓语的三种形式
非谓语的三种形式非谓语是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词形式。
一般包括三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语在英语中的使用频率非常高,掌握好非谓语的用法对于提高英语水平非常重要。
一、不定式不定式是指以to+动词原形构成的动词形式。
不定式可以用作名词、形容词和副词的修饰语,还可以用来表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。
1. 作名词不定式作为名词可以用来表示动作的概念,如:To learn English well is very important.学好英语非常重要。
It’s important for us to learn English well.我们学好英语很重要。
2. 作形容词不定式作为形容词可以用来修饰名词,如:I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。
It’s a difficult task to complete.这是一个很难完成的任务。
3. 作副词不定式作为副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词,如:He works hard to support his family.他努力工作来养家。
She was too tired to continue.她太累了,不能继续了。
二、动名词动名词是指以-ing结尾的动词形式,它可以用作名词、形容词和副词的修饰语,还可以用来表示持续性动作或者正在进行的动作。
1. 作名词动名词作为名词可以用来表示一种行为或者状态,如:Swimming is my favorite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
Reading is a good way to improve your English.阅读是提高英语的好方法。
2. 作形容词动名词作为形容词可以用来修饰名词,如:I have a boring job.我有一份无聊的工作。
The exciting movie made me happy.这部令人激动的电影让我很开心。
3. 作副词动名词作为副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词,如:She smiled, looking very happy.她微笑着,看起来很开心。
初中非谓语动词知识点
非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的各种形式1.不定式to do (具有名词、副词和形容词的作用,可在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、补足语和状语).2.现在分词doing,具有副词和形容词的作用,可在句中作定语、表语、状语和补足语.3.过去分词done,具有副词和形容词的作用,可在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语.4.动名词doing,具有名词的作用,可在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。
二、非谓语动词作宾语1。
不定式作宾语常接不定式作宾语的动词有:afford askagree choosedecide expectfail hopemanage offerprepare pretendplan promiserefuse wantwish help2。
动名词作宾语enjoy finishkeep mindmiss practisesuggest avoidallow consideradvise imaginelook forward to3.不定式与动名词作宾语的区别1)remember doing sthremember to do sthI remembered____the lights when I left the room.(to turn off,turning off)Remember ____the lights when you leave the room。
(to turn off,turning off)2)forget doing sthforget to do sthI have forgotten ____the flowers.(to water,watering)I have forgotten ____my homework.(to do ;doing)3)try doing sthtry to do sthLet’s try____at the back door.(knocking ;to knock)We’ll try ___ our teaching methods.(to improv;improving)4)go on doing sthgo on to do sthGet the children to go on ____stories one by one。
常用非谓语用法大总结
非谓语用法总结一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1.不定式(1)基本形式:to do 表示主动,并且一般表示将来(2)被动式:to be done 表示被动,并且一般表示将来(3)进行式:to be doing 表示主动和进行(4)完成时:to have done 表示主动和完成(5)完成被动式:to have been done 表示被动和完成(6)完成进行式:to have been doing 表示主动和完成进行2。
动名词(1)基本形式:doing 表示主动(2)被动式:being done 表示被动(3)完成式:having done 表示主动和完成(4)完成被动式:having been done 表示被动和完成3.现在分词(1)基本形式:doing 表示主动和进行(2)被动式:being done 表示被动和进行(3)完成式:having done 表示主动和完成(4)完成被动式:having been done 表示被动和完成4.过去分词(1)done,及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;(2)不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成三、专题要点非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1。
动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语;2。
只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词;4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,且意义不同的动词或短语;5。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别;6。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别;7。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别;8。
动名词的复合结构在句中作状语;9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式;10.独立主格结构在句中作状语;11。
非谓语动词的分类与形式
非谓语动词的分类与形式非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词形式。
它具有自己的词性和句法作用,可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式,它们在语法上有一定的分类与形式。
本文将对非谓语动词的分类与形式进行探讨。
一、不定式形式不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,通常由"to + 动词原形"构成。
不定式的形式简单明了,具有诸多的用法。
根据其功能不同,不定式可分为以下几类:1.1 主动形式不定式的主动形式表示动作或状态的主动和一般性,常用于主动句中作为动词的宾语或宾补,例如:- She likes to swim in the sea.(她喜欢在海里游泳。
)- They want to visit the museum.(他们想参观博物馆。
)1.2 被动形式不定式的被动形式表示动作或状态的被动和一般性,常用于被动句中作为动词的宾语或宾补,例如:- The box needs to be carried upstairs.(这个盒子需要被搬到楼上。
)- He wants to be invited to the party.(他想被邀请参加派对。
)1.3 完成形式不定式的完成形式表示动作或状态在谓语动词之前发生,常用于表示完成的动作或状态,例如:- They seem to have finished the project.(他们似乎已经完成了这个项目。
)- I happen to have seen that movie before.(我碰巧之前看过那部电影。
)二、动名词形式动名词是以动词的-ing形式作为名词使用,具有名词和动词的特点。
动名词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
根据其功能不同,动名词可分为以下几类:2.1 主动形式动名词的主动形式表示动作的主动和持续性,常用于主动句中作为主语或动词的宾语,例如:- Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。
非谓语动词有3种形式
非谓语动词有3种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。
动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语,但不能单独做谓语。
不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of +名词或代词宾格”构成。
一作主语。
不定式做主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it做形式主语。
1. To see is to believe.2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It’s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.二作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.(decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do)3. I don’t know what to do.(decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do)4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to sing the song.He was let go by the police.2. He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人4. the house to be built next year比较: the house being built now / build last year注意(1)做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后应有相应的介词。
非谓语动词9种形式
非谓语动词9种形式
1.不定式:to+动词原形,表示目的、原因、结果等。
2. 现在分词:动词+ing,表示主动、进行或描述。
3. 过去分词:动词+ed,表示被动、完成或描述。
4. 动名词:动词+ing,作主语、宾语或介词后的宾语。
5. 分词短语:现在分词或过去分词+其他成分,作状语或定语。
6. 带to的分词短语:to+过去分词,表示被动或完成,作状语或定语。
7. 带having的分词短语:having+过去分词,表示完成,作状语或定语。
8. 带不定式的分词短语:动词+不定式,表示目的、结果、方式,作状语或定语。
9. 带介词的分词短语:动词+介词+现在分词或过去分词,作状语或定语。
- 1 -。
动词的非谓语形式有三种
动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
不定式没有人称和数的变化,有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。
不定式复合结构为“介词+sb.(sth.)+to do”,其中“介词+sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者,为逻辑主语。
1. 不定式的用法:(1)作主语。
不定式短语作主语时,为了使句子结构平衡,常将不定式短语放在谓语之后,而用it作形式主语。
It is our duty to give as much help as possible. 提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
但不定式作表语时,前面有不定式作主语,不定式不可位于句末。
如:To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(2)作宾语。
常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词(组)有want, wish, hope, expect, would like (love),care, choose, learn, plan, prepare, mean, agree, promise, offer, refuse, ask, beg, decide, make up one’s mind, be determined, manage, try, can’t afford, fail, pretend等。
He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned up yet .No one likes to be laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。
有形容词、分词、名词作宾补,不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末,用it 来作形式宾语。
如:You may find it necessary to finish the work ahead of time. 你会发现有必要提前完成工作。
非谓语动词-基本形式及例句
状语:不定式、现在分词、过去分词 不定式只做目的状语和意外结果状语 目的状语,可位于句首和句末;
I hurried to the station only to find that the train
had lefபைடு நூலகம்.
only to be told
做意外结果状语只能位于句末
非谓语动词作状语是状语从句的省略 If I’m not tired from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. If not tired from work, I will------. When you are crossing the street, you should be careful. When crossing the street, you should ------. Because the postman were bitten twice, he refused to deliver our letters unless we chainded our dog. Bitten twice, the postman refused to -----. After he had been told many times, he finally understood it. Having been told many times, he finally ------.
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city and killed all four people on board. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board.
非谓语动词
a、表示时间 Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.(=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.从太空望去, 地球是蓝色的。
Heated, water changes into steam.(=When it is heated, water changes into steam. 当加热时, 水变成蒸汽。
过去分词作补语表被动或完成的意义,说明宾语或主语所处的状态
例:She felt her arm toughed(vt.). 她感觉胳膊被碰了一下(被动)
We saw many trees fallen (vi.) to the ground. 我们看到很多树都倒了。
(完成)
4、状语
过去分词作状语,修饰谓语,大多说明动作发生的背景或情景, 表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。一般说来,这一结构的 逻辑主语是主句的主语。
动名词 现在分
词 过去分
词
动名词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分?
1、主语 例如:Nodding the head means agreement点. 头表示同意。
Checking information is very important. 核实情况的工作 很重要。
2、宾语 例如:Would you mind my closing the windows? I enjoy walking after supper.
现在分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分?
1、作定语
通常位于名词前,若是分词短语放在所修饰名词后面,如 果分词修饰代词分词常放在代词后
The rising(初升的) sun looks very beautiful.
非谓语形式
非谓语形式非谓语形式就是:动词不定式、分词、动名词。
非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式时态\语态主动被动一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done2)动名词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done3)分词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not + 现在分词1( 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语,大致上有三种情况。
1)1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。
例如:afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴mean manage offer plan pretend 望refuse tend undertake expect hate intend例如:The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如:ask choose expect help beg intend like/love need prefer prepare want wish例如:I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
英语非谓语动词:不定式,动名词和分词
英语非谓语动词:不定式,动名词和分词非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)(一)动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,否定形式“not to +动词原形”。
1.用法(1)作主语。
往往用it作为形式主语。
如:It is time to get up.(2)作宾语。
如果带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。
如:I find it interesting to study English.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。
如:decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。
(3)作宾语补足语A:带to的动词不定式有:ask,tell,want,teach,advise,allow,beg,invite等。
如:He asked me to do the work.B :接不带to的动词不定式有:see,watch,hear,make ,let等。
如:I often see him play football.使役动词不带to,动词有:一感二听三让四观看。
一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三让:let,have,make 四观看:observe,see,watch,look at注意:feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时,要带to.如:I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.注意:带but介词的不定式。
如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么but后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。
另外,在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。
非谓语动词的三种形式
非谓语动词共分为三种,构成形式如下:1.动词不定式(Infinitives):2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles):3. 动名词(gerunds)下面我们依据句子的成分,来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。
1.非谓语动词做主语和表语主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当,非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词,因此,动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。
1)非谓语动词做主语一般情况下,用动名词来做主语的情况比拟多,动词不定式用作主语的情况比拟少。
通常来说,在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语,而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。
例如:Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job.Swimming is a good kind of e*ercise.To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire.在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。
例如:It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking.It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.但是值得注意的是在各别情况下,即使是It做形式主语,真正的主语也必须用动名词,这些情况很少,所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来,以下是此类情况的一个总结。
It is/was no use/good doing sth.It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则根本一致。
在表示"目的,愿望,梦想,需求〞等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式.例如:Her wish was to bee an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家Our aim is to help them,not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们,而不是教训他们。
三种非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
以下是三种非谓语动词的形式及示例:1,不定式(Infinitives):不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
作主语:To learn English is important.(学英语很重要。
)作宾语:I want to go to the park.(我想去公园。
)作表语:My dream is to become a doctor.(我的梦想是成为一名医生。
)作定语:She has a lot of work to do.(她有很多工作要做。
)作状语:He ran to the station to catch the train.(他跑到车站去赶火车。
)2,动名词(Gerunds):动名词由“动词+ing”构成,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
作主语:Eating healthy food is important.(吃健康的食物很重要。
)作宾语:I enjoy playing football.(我喜欢踢足球。
)作表语:My hobby is reading.(我的爱好是阅读。
)作定语:She has a swimming pool in her backyard.(她的后院有一个游泳池。
)3,分词(Participles):分词分为现在分词和过去分词,现在分词由“动词+ing”构成,过去分词由“动词+ed”或“不规则变化”构成,在句子中可以作定语、状语、补语等成分。
作定语:The running man is my brother.(正在跑步的男人是我的哥哥。
)作状语:Walking in the park, she met her friend.(她在公园里散步时遇到了她的朋友。
)作补语:I saw him playing football on the playground.(我看到他在操场上踢足球。
非谓语动词有哪些 什么是非谓语动词
非谓语动词有哪些什么是非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子的各种成分的动词形式,叫做非谓语动词。
那么非谓语动词有哪些情况呢?
非谓语动词有哪些
1非谓语动词
非谓语动词有5种情况,分别是动词做主语、动词作宾语、动词作定语、动词作状语、动词作补语,动词作宾语示例:I like watching TV,这就把它变成了ing形式,把它名词化这就叫动词做宾语。
再看动词作定语he is a boy lying under the tree。
lying就是定语修饰boy。
躺在树下的男孩。
再看做状语的。
hearing the news she went crazy。
听到消息她疯了。
听到消息就是一个状态。
hearing the news she went crazy。
这里需要注意的是,从句部分根本不是一个句子,它只是一个动词,所以这个部分呢,我们就要把它叫动词做状语,而不能叫状语从句。
所以非谓语动词一共是5种情况,动词分别做主语、宾语,定语、状语、补语。
2非谓语动词与谓语动词不同点
非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。
非谓语动词主要有不定式、V-ing形式、V-ed形式三类。
它们没有人称和数的变化,但是有的有时态和语态形式变化,还可以有自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语等。
1、定义:在句中不充当谓语的动词称作非谓语动词。
2、形式:doing---动名词to do---不定式分词---现在分词doing 过去分词---done3、后跟doing型(偏执型)a) 动词+doing:例:enjoy, keep, be busy, finish, mind, can`t help, spend+时间+doing。
b) 介词+doing:例:after, before, feel like注意:“to”作为介词时后跟doing。
例:I go to school.“to”作为不定式时后跟do.例:I want to read the English books.常考短语:look forward to doing----期盼。
例:I look forward to receiving your letter.Be used to doing----习惯于。
例:I am used to walking my bear at 24.Prefer doing A to doing B----宁愿做…也不愿做...例:I prefer reading English books to watching TV.c) 后跟doing表被动在need, want, require, be worth后加doing表示被动例:My bag needs mending.4、后跟to do 型(偏执型)a) 动词+to do 例:I ask you to go swimming with a shark.记忆口诀:要想拒绝命令,决定告诉教警。
Ask, want, refuse, order, decide, tell, teach, warn注意:否定形式在to do 前加notb) 特殊疑问词+to do=从句注意why后加裸不定式,省略to例:I don`t know whether to buy it.c) 后跟裸不定式省略to记忆口诀:一感,二听,三使,四看(snow),半帮助Feel, listen to/hear, make/let/have, see/notice/observe/watch, help使用规则:1) 这些动词后跟to do时,省略to.例:No one can make my cry.2) 其中一感,二听,四看,半帮助动词,后也可加do/doing.例:I see him steal / stealing.3) 当这些词用于被动时,后跟to do(被动语态恢复to) 例:He was made to cry.语法重点:无头鬼句型一北京的一个年轻人厌倦了睡在地板上。
非谓语动词的常用结构
非谓语动词的常用结构在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式to do2)动名词doing3)分词doing/done否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词一、不定式1. 不定式做状语----目的He goes to the playground to play basketball with his friends.2. 不定式充当名词功能To see is to believe.3.常用结构want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事would like (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事agree sb to do sth 同意(某人)做某事tell (sb.)(not) to do sth 吩咐(某人)做某事ask (sb.)(not)to do sth 要求(某人)做某事(注:ask\tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不干某事)invite sb to do sth 邀请(某人)做某事plan to do sth. 计划去干某事hope to do sth 希望去干某事decide to do sth. 决定去干某事can`t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地干某事can`t afford to do sth 承受不了做某事It takes\took sb.+时间、金钱to do sth.某人花费时间、金钱去干某事It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…(假如Sb be adj 通顺就用of ) It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事be afraid to do sth 害怕...干...be excited to do sth 对干.、、、感到兴奋4.注意以下句型的互换:1). too…to do sth. 太…而不能…2). so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…3).such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句) 如此…以致…4).(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够二. _ing分词:1.动名词做主语,谓语动词为单数.Eating apples is good for your health.2.做为介词的宾语是动名词Thanks for helping me.3.在进行时态中。
非谓语动词的 9 种形式
非谓语动词 17done -ing to do 被动主动被动主动完成式一般式to do doing doneto be done being done to have done have done to have been donehaving been done having be done have done have been done51被动之前having been done主动之前having done 被动同时being done 主动同时(基本同时)doing (和主语)主被动(与谓语比)时间先后-ing 作状语★必背使役动词make,、let 、have+do(省略了感官动词see/ watch/hear/feel1: +do(一般现在和一般过去,不强调正在进行都可用)I saw the boys fight with each other yesterday.PS: 被动态时需要还原“to ”The boys were seen to fight with each other yesterday.2: +doing (强调正在进行)The girl reported seeing a beautiful bird flying toward the window. 14非谓语动词题目三步走:⏹是否已存在另一个动作(不管前面还是后面)⏹主被动关系⏹时间先后顺序◆习题 ◆⏹S he reached the top of the hill andstopped on a big rock to see the rising sun.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest⏹Y ou were brave enough to raiseobjections at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done⏹T hey knew her very well. They hadseen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow⏹I’ve heard him _ about you often.A. talkedB. talksC. talkD. to talk⏹I f you think that treating a womanwell means always _ her permission for things,think again. (06湖南) A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting⏹H e walked down the hills, _ softly tohimself。
非谓语三种形式
非谓语三种形式
非谓语动词,又称非谓词、非谓宾,可以分为三种形式:动名词、不定式和分词。
一、动名词
动名词往往用作名词,可发挥名词的各种用法,常构成名词词组,充当各种句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语等,例如:
The manager is holding a meeting tomorrow(明天经理要召开
会议)。
Eating vegetables is healthy for us(吃蔬菜对我们健康)。
二、不定式
不定式通常用作动词,发挥动词的各种用法,如实义动词、系动
词等,也可以构成各种句子成分,如宾语、宾补等,例如:We plan to finish the work today(我们准备今天完工)。
I am determined to help our school out of the trouble(我
决心帮助学校摆脱困境)。
三、分词
分词主要用作形容词,发挥形容词的各种用法,常构成形容词词组,也可以构成各种句子成分,如定语、状语等,例如:
I saw a child crying in the corner(我看到一个孩子在角落
里哭着)。
His house was destroyed by the flood(他的房子被洪水摧毁了)。
以上论述显示出,非谓语动词不仅可以构成各种句子成分,而且
各自也发挥着不同的用法。
总之,非谓语动词是语言的重要组成部分,在表达方面各具特色,无论是英语还是其它语言中都非常重要,它们
的运用能够使句子更明晰、更流畅,使听者或读者能够理解发言者的
意思。
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不定式有六种形式:不定式主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式to have been doing不定式一般式的主动和被动,在句中除了谓语动词,能做其他一切成分。
主动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑主动关系;被动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑被动关系。
1. 一般被动式:不定式的语态是由逻辑主语与不定式的关系决定的,被动关系就要用被动式。
在句中作与主动式一样的成分。
作定语时与所修饰的名词有逻辑主谓和逻辑解释这两种关系,主要是逻辑主谓关系He likes to be flattered (宾)他喜欢被人奉承。
You are lucky to be guided by Professor White (状)你们由怀特教授教授作指导,真幸运。
She asked to be sent to work in Tibe(t 宾)她要求去西藏工作He Ordered the Work to be Started at OnCe 宾补)他下令马上开始工作。
It might not be a bad idea for this word to be deleted (主)删去这个字,倒是一个不错的主意。
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room (主补)这些书不许带到室外。
PIeaSe tell me the SUbjeCtS to be discussed at the n extSeSSiOn定)请告诉我下次会议要讨论的题目。
He seems to be taken to AmeriC(a 表语)他好像要被带去美国。
He had no ChanCe to be sent aboar(d 定)他没机会被派往海外。
2. 进行式:表示动作正在发生,与所在句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
在句中可以做主、宾、表、补、状(原状),不能作定语It is nice to be sitting here with you (做主语)在这里陪你坐着是非常愉快的。
He pretended to be sleeping soundl(y 做宾语)他假装睡得很甜。
He seems to be recoverin(g 做表语)看来他正在复原。
I didn'expect her to be Crying bitterly (做宾补)我没想到她竟会哭得如此伤心。
He SUPPoSed She WaS glad to be having her holiday now (做原因状语)他猜想她现在很高兴在度假。
He is believed to be comi ng (做主补)据说他正要来。
She iS Said to be writing a nove(l 做主补)据说她正在写一部小说。
注: 1. 不定式的进行式做补语时,必须是该动词后面只跟不定式做补语,不能跟分词做补语,这时如果表示与谓语动词同时发生就用不定式的进行式。
I Saw him SleePing 不能说I Saw him be SleePing 因为See 后面可以跟分词作补语。
2. 不定式的进行式作状语时,只能做原因状语,此时,可以和现在分词互换。
3. 完成式(主动与被动):表示动作发生在所在句子的谓语动词之前。
在句中可以做主、表、宾、状(原状)、补,不能做定语It iS nice to have Sat here with yoU (主语)跟你坐在一起是非常愉快的。
He intended to have told you earlier (宾语)他曾试图早一些告诉你。
He Prete nded to have fini Shed his homework (宾语)他假装已经完成了作业。
They reported a Star to have appeared in the ea$宾补)他们报告一颗星已在东方出现He appears to have made a small mistake表语)他看起来象是犯了一个小错误。
He is Said to have broken the Window yesterday (主补)据说昨天他把窗子打破了。
I am so happy to have received your lette(r 状语)已收到你的信,我很高兴。
He was reported to have been awarded the Noble Priz(e 主补)据报道他已获得诺贝尔奖。
We believed the task to have been finishe(d 宾补)我们相信任务已经完成了。
He hoped to have been invited to the part(y 宾语)他希望自己已经被邀请参加晚会了。
We know him to have once been arrested by the enem(y 宾补)我们知道他被敌人逮捕过。
It is a great honor for him to have been elected as a model worker for three years (主语)他连续三年被评为劳模,非常光荣。
The manuSCriPt SeemS to have been Written by ShakeSPear表语)这份手稿好像是莎士比亚写的。
注:1、在Seem appear后面所跟的不定式可看做表语2、在be Said be reported等后面可看作主补3、i ntended to have done 本打算waS/were to have done 原计划The plane waS to have taken off at Six,but owing to thefog the flight waS cancelled 飞机预定在六点起飞,但是因为有雾,航班取消了。
4. 完成进行式:表示在所在句子的谓语动词之前一直在进行的事在句中作主、表、宾、状(原状)、补It is Uni mag in able to have bee n IiVi ng here for three years (主)三年来一直在这里住着,太不可思议了。
They SUSPeCted US to have bee n quarrelli ng (宾补)他们疑心我们一直在吵架。
He looked too young to have been PUbIiShing for five years (状语)他看起来太年轻了,不像是五年中一直在发表著作。
He aPPeared to have been waiting a long tim(e 表语)他看来已经等了很长时间了。
They are Said to have been collecting folk SongS in UYnnan (主补)据说他们一直在云南收集民歌。
I'm Sorry to have been troUbling yoU all the time (状语)很抱歉总不断给你添麻烦。
He Pretended to have been SleePin(g 宾语)他假装一直在睡觉。
注:WiSh to have been doin嗔希望曾一直做某事Wish to have done 真希望曾做某事了She wiShed to have been working in the movie StUdio with her friendS (宾)她真希望过去一直能和她的朋友们一起在电影制片厂工作。
I know him to have been StUdying how to play the Piano(宾补)我知道他一直在学弹钢琴。
注:不定式的进行式、完成式(主动与被动)、完成进行式在句中作状语时,做原因状语,但是完成主动式与完成进行式也常用于too∙∙∙ to∙∙∙结构中作结果状语动名词有四种形式动名词主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done一般被动式:动名词的被动式表示动名词与逻辑主语是被动关系。
完成被动式表示发生在所在句子谓语动词之前的被动行为。
可做主、表、宾I don 't mind being laughed at (宾)我不怕别人笑话。
No one likes being thought a fool (宾)谁也不愿被人看做傻瓜。
He came without being asked (宾)他不请自来。
Being seen is being believed (主、表)Being fooled annoyed her (主)被骗惹怒了她。
He resented having been CritiCiZed by the manager (宾)他对经理的批评感到不满。
He felt so ashamed for having been made fool of (宾)他因为被愚弄而感到不好意思。
完成主动式:表示动作发生在所在句子的谓语动词之前的主动行为。
做主表宾。
He didn 'tmention having met her (宾)他没有提到曾遇到过他。
After having finished the written work ,I went on to read the text (宾)做完书面作业以后,我接着读课文。
Having finished the task surprised me (主)现在分词现在分词有四种形式主动被动般式doing being done完成式having done having been done般式的被动式与主动式能做定、状、补The building being repaired is OUr dining hall (定)正在被修缮的是我们的食堂。
As we apprOached the village we saw new hOuses being bu(ilt 宾补)走近村子时,我们看到正在盖新房。
Being CaUght in the rain, he WaS Wet to the Skin (状)由于让雨淋着,他浑身都湿透了。
完成式主要作状语Having drUnk the coffee, he WaShed the cUp and pUt it aWay 喝完咖啡,他把杯子洗净,放了起来。