现在完成时语法

现在完成时的基本句型：

肯定式：主语+ 助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词.

疑问式：助动词 Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?

否定式 :主语+ 助动词 have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.

例句：

1.I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间。

2.He hasn ’ t finishedhis homework. 他还没完成作业。

3.Have you read this novel ? 你看过这本小说吗？

Yes , I have. 是的，看过了。No, I haven’不，t.没看过。

4.We have studied English for two years.

我们已经学了两年英语了。

5.They haven ’ t se e nach other since 1998.

自从 1998 年他们就没再见过面。

现在完成时的主要用法

1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

-- It’s so dark.

--Someone has turned off the light.

(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑 )

--Are you free?

--I have finished my homework. I am free

(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)

2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一

时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的词应是

延续性动词 .常与since + 过去的时间点，since+谓语是一般过去时的从句；for + 一段时间， so far 等时间状语连用。如：

I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了 10 多年的英语。(从 10 年前开始 ,持续到现在还在学 )

She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时

(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)

3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.

I have ever been to the Summer Palace?(我曾去过颐和园)

I have never had a car.(我从未有过汽车。)

现在完成时的时间状语

常与① already, ② never,③ ever,④ just（刚才）,⑤ yet,⑥before,

⑦ up to now, ⑧ so far（到目前为止） , ⑨ for the last few weeks, ⑩ these

days, ⑾ since 2010/ two years ago, since he came here, ⑿ for a long time

(13) in the last/ past⋯ years 等连用。

a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气； yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 eg:

?He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。

?Has he already left here?

他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）

?My teach ers haven ’ t had breakfast yet我的.老师们还没有吃早饭。

?Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？

b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”

?We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。

? Have you ever been to Canada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？

c） just 表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与 already ，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词 have/has 和动词过去分词之间） ,just now(用于

过去时 )

?He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。

?They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。

d） before 用于完成时，而ago 用于过去时

- 1 -

?He has started his work ten years before.

他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。

?He started his work ten years ago. 他是十年前开始他的工作的。

?

常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词 :

already (已经 ): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .

yet(已经 ): 用于否定句 ,疑问句He hasn ’ t done his homework yet.

just( 刚刚 ) They have just left.

ever(曾经 ) Have you ever been to Beijing ?

never(从不 ) I have never seen him .

before(以前 ) Have you seen the film before?

since(自从⋯以来 ) I’ ve worked in the school since 1999.

for( 长达 ) He ’ s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.

in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的⋯)

recently( 最近 ) I have not written to my parents recently.

so far(到目前为止 )So far she has learned 5 English songs.

up to now( 到目前为止 )

this morning/month/year( 今天早上 /这个月 /今年 )

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

I lived there 2 years ago

I have lived here for two years

I have lived here since two years ago.

I have lived here since I came here.

1.都表示过去发生的事

2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；

3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）

当有一个表示过去某时的状语时，不能用现在完成时，而多用一般过去时。

I saw Mary an hour ago.

She lost her handbag yesterday .

有些时间状语，既能用于现在完成时，又能用于一般过去时，但意义上有差别。

I ’ ve written three letters this morning.（说话时仍是上午）

I wrote three letters this morning.（说话时仍是上午或晚上）

现在完成时强调动作或事情发生在过去，一直延续到现在，而且还有可能继续延续下去；而一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或事情。

I have taught this class for ten years.（还在教）

I taught this class for two years. （曾教过两年，现在不教了）

一般过去时态和现在完成时态同义转换

1.我们买这本书三年了.

We have had the book for three years.

We bought the book three years ago.

2.他感冒三天了 .

He has had a cold for three days.

He caught a cold three days ago.

3.我借的这本书一周多了.

I have kept the book for a week .

I borrowed the book a week ago.

4.我成为一个学生两年多了.

I have been a student for over two years.

I became a student two years ago.

5.Mr Black 死了三年了。

Mr Black has been dead for three years.

Mr Black died three years ago.