语法复习(有翻译题答案)

从句翻译: 该专题主要讲解在翻译题可能考察的名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。

一．名词性从句( 名词从句是指行使名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。)

1.主语从句---从句作主语

主语从句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词it作形式主语。

That he survived the accident is a miracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。

特别提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，在这里不可或缺。

What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视，认为毫无价值，无足轻重。

How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.他是如何设法完成这项工作的，我们对此都很感兴趣。

Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it.结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度。

特别提示：whether引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether不能由if代替。

2.宾语从句---从句作宾语。

The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育。

I can’t understand why he avoided speaking to me.我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。

真题重现

【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life ______(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.

参考答案：is measured by how much they can loan

3.表语从句---从句作表语

The next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report.我们必须决定的下一个问题是，什么时候我们必须呈交年度报告。

【CET-4：2007.12】In my sixties, one change I notice is that _____(我比以前更容易累了)。

参考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before

同位语从句在句中作同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。特点：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的包括：

agreement, assumption(假设), belief, conclusion, decision, determination, discovery, dream, evidence, explanation, fact, guess, hope, idea, knowledge, likelihood, message, mind, news, notion(观念), opinion, possibility, prediction(预言), proposal, proposition(论点，主张), suggestion, rumor, theory, thought, truth

I have no doubt that he will overcome all his difficulties.他会克服一切困难，对此我并不感到怀疑

二．定语从句

定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握引导词，既用来引导定语从句的词。定语从句的内容比较庞杂，希望同学们在复习时

多总结和归纳。

真题重现

【CET-4：2007.6】The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________ (我们可以合作的领域).

参考答案：a field where(in which) we can cooperate.

三．状语从句

状语从句分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。

真题重现

【CET-4：2007.12】I am going to pursue this course, _________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)。

参考答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make

【CET-4：2006.12】Some psychologists claim that people_________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)

参考答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home

【CET-6：2007.12】Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _________.

(而动物的行为主要依靠本能)

参考答案：While animal behavior depends mainly on their instinct.

倒装句型

倒装

1．当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。

Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.

只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。

Only in this way can we catch up with the world’s advanced levels in science and technology.

只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。

其他如：only then, only once, only in America/ China, only after the accident 等。

真题重现

【CET-6：2007.6】Only in the small town_________.

(他才感到安全和放松)

参考答案：does she feel secure and relaxed

2．never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。

这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no case(决不), neither …(nor), no sooner…(than), hardly…(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not only…but also 等。

Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是一位政治家，还是一位诗人。

Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. 我从未听到过这种胡说！