英语修辞手法及副词的讲解

11) Pun: (双关语）
• It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. 双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用 巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得 一种诙谐有趣的效果。 • Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly. “Both”一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵 都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。 • For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)
4) Synecdoche (提喻）
• It involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. • 提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表 全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代 抽象。 • 1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men. 长城 不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建 成的。 句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”（巨大的牺牲） For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.
3) Metonymy (转喻）
• It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). • 借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密 不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。 • 1、Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them...几年以后，他们听 说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。“word”在这里代替了 “news, information”（消息、信息） • 2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”.艾尔用眼睛说，“是 的”。“说”应该是嘴的功能，这里实际上是用眼神表达 了“说话t: (含蓄陈述）
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It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately( 故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. • For instance, It is no laughing matter.
12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙）
• It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). • For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.) In the second case, it is a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)
9) Personification: (拟人）
• It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生 命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). • 拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的 特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以 物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。 • She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”) 一个夏天她 可能生育成千上万个孩子。 这里用“she”和 “babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。 For example, the wind whistled through the trees.
8) Analogy: (类比）
• It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.
2) Metaphor：(暗喻）
• It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. • 隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行， 而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事 物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 • For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.
11) Pun: (双关语）
12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） 13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配）
29）排比，平行（parallelism）
14) Irony: (反语）
1) Simile：(明喻）
• It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other • 明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行 对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中 出现。 • 常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等 • For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.
英语修辞手法
英语修辞手法总结
1) Simile：(明喻） 2) Metaphor：(暗喻） 3) Metonymy (转喻） 4) Synecdoche (提喻） 5) Antonomasia (换喻） 6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） 7) Euphemism: (委婉） 8) Analogy: (类比） 9)Personification: (拟人） 10)Hyperbole: (夸张） 15) Innuendo: (暗讽） 16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） 17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） 18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） 19) Antithesis: (对照，对偶） 20) Epigram: (警句） 21) Climax: (渐进） 22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降） 23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） 24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） 25) Alliteration: (头韵） 26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） 27）叠言（rhetorical repetition） 28）通感（synesthesia）