初中英语阅读主旨大意题讲练(无答案)

主旨大意题阅读技巧主旨大意题的特征及设题这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题(title)，判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。

这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。

记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。

一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。

当然更重要的是从全文去把握。

阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类:标题类, 主旨题(文章主旨,段落主旨),写作目的●标题类试题常见的题干形式(体现概括性, 避免远离主题)●(1) The best title for this passage is .●(2) The suitable headline for this passage may be●(3) The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is .●(4) Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式(体现全面性, 避免以偏概全)●(1) What is the passage mainly about?●(2) The passage talks about ...●(3) The passage tells us that ...●(4) This passage mainly deals with ...●(5) What’s the main idea / topic of the passage?段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式(体现针对性, 避免张冠李戴)●(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that .●(2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?●(3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one?●(4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?第一步:识别文体,找主题句议论文：总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）说明文：主题句（首－－中－－尾）记叙文：记叙文六要素主题句在文中的位置:●开门见山：提出主题----细节支撑阐明主题●段末点睛：细节描述----归纳要点---概括主题●段中点旨：细节描述---归纳主题---进一步解释●无主题句：考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意寻找主题句的方法(一) 记叙文: 文中一般没有明显的题句说明文: 一般在首段议论文: 一般为总分总模式, 即主题句（作者的观点）常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申）。

当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间。

●(二) 关注重要标志词：●but, yet, however 等●not only…but also句型●for example ，such as等词●so, therefore, actually ,in short, 等词…show/find/ suggest/argue 等词后往往预示着新发现或真理(三)有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了。

(四)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.(五)关注高频词(常为名词)第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰推敲选项正误的5个小窍门:⑴根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案⑵正确选项常含有概括性的词语⑶正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词⑷正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻或说明道理⑸四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案标题的特点: 简练, 全面, 范围合理, 常为名词.忌: 范围太大, 过于笼统,范围太小(常用文中细节或某段段落大意来混淆).如何寻找主题句Sample 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefervegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.（1）主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。

在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。

Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.（ 2 ）主题句也会出现在段尾。

作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。

本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。

Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3）在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.Sample 4 （无主题句）Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.What is the main idea of the passage?A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B. Bingham is a diligent student.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D. A good lawyer needs good education.Sample 5In nature, you may see many insects (昆虫）and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why?Locusts are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests.However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.题：What is the main ideas of this passage?A. Some insects and animals have different skills.B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think.C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves.D. Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily.Sample 6Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune.On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen.50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A.How to Live TruthfullyB.Importance of PeacefulnessC. Ways of Gaining Self-respectD. Happiness through Honorable ActionsSample 7A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area ofthe city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining.Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.75. The passage is mainly about _____.A. the construction of a roadB. the design of a roadC. the construction of two tunnelsD. the design of two tunnels练习Passage 1Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to lea rn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedrooms TVs.……..67. What would be the best title for this text?A. Computers or TelevisionB. Effects of Television on ChildrenC. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Children’s Learning HabitsPassage 2The term “multitasking” originally referred to people’s ability to carry out several tasks one time. For many people ,multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success .In fact, some excellent mental aerobic exercises (大脑训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. Although checking email while taking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people ,many times multitasking can make us less productive , rather than more. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased anxiety and memory loss.52. What is the main idea oh the passage?A.Multitasking has become a way of life.B.Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.Passage 3People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions--and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes."We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."70. What can be the best title for the passage?A. The Eye as the Window to the SoulB. Cultural Differences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social SkillsD. How to Increase Cross-cultural UnderstandingPassage 4Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number hadclimbed above 60%. ……Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, ……Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is havinga positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.63.What would be the best title for the passage? Will Rule the World Will Disturb the World Will Better the World Will Remain in WorldPassage 5One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him.He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast. We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee,I asked, “My I get you something ?”“A coffee would be nice.” Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?” “Who?” “The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.” I could hardly believe it.I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men.My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A.We should learn to be generous.B. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.Passage 6Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water .Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.题：Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Magellan’s deathB. Going Around The WorldC. The World Is RoundD. Magellan’s V oyagePassage 7The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage（短缺）seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainful country, many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water many flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling the countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation（灌溉）. In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of south eastern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry village, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.75.The text is mainly about .A. water supply and increasing populationB. water use management and agricultureC. water redistribution and wildlife protectionD. water shortages and environmental protection.Passage 8When I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phon e and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices（装置）tell the time—which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007.But while th e wise have realized that they don’t need them, others—apparently including some distinguished men of our time—are spending total fortunes on them.Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to £250,000 for a piece.Watches are now classified as “investments”（投资）. A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly £350, 000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from £15, 000 to £30, 000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an invest-ment. It’s a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up—they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that £350, 000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex.62. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Timex or Rolex?B. My Childhood TimexC. Watches? Not for Me!D. Watches—a Valuable Collection家庭作业：1.If you get into the forest with your friends, stay with them always. If you don’t, you ma y get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don’t try to find your friends—let them find you by staying in one place .题：This passage mainly tells you __________.A. when you hear a signal always three times, it is a call for helpB. What you should do if you get lost in a forestC. any signal given twice means an answer to a call for helpD . how you can live longer in a forest2In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day..题：The best title for this passage is ________.A. Bad SeasonsB. Summer or WinterC. The Weather in EnglandD. Strange English People3There is little doubt that house cats first developed naturally from ancient wild cats. The closest relative is the African wild cat which still lives in Africa today. This is understandable because the first house cats came from Africa.Cats first started to live around people in Egypt about 6,000~7,000 years ago. From Egypt, cats started to move around the world. This is about the same time that Egyptians began storing grain in buildings. Scientists used to believe that people tamed cats to catch mice and protect the grain. Howe ver, cats don’t like to be told what to do! Now, scientists believe that cats followed the●mice and learned to accept people. Finally, some of the cats began to grow comfortable around people.These were smaller cats that needed protection. As these cats and people got used to each other, then they moved in together. Around 5,000 years ago, cats started to live with people.●Soon cats were in Greece, then the Middle East and China. They moved along Egyptian business roadskeeping away mice and keeping people around them. After the Romans came to Egypt, they also accepted the cats and brought them to Europe. These cats likely bred with other cats to form the many kinds of house cats we have today.Cats are relatively recent house animals. House cats still have a lot in common with their wild relatives. Cats sleep a lot to save energy just like wild cats. They will often get food at night as well. House cats are generally peaceful and friendly, but be careful! If a cat feels it is in danger, it will fight back—just like a wild cat!A. The development of house cats.B. Different cats in different countries.C. The relationship between cats and people.D. The differences between house cats and wild cats.题2. What’s the best title of this passage?A. Cats’ DevelopmentB. People’s DevelopmentC. Cats in AfricaD. Cats and Mice4.For just $38, you can help one person see; for $380, 10 people can see; $1,300 helps train a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your love can help them open their eyes to the world.The last paragraph is mainly about _____.A. how much a training program for a group of doctors costsB. why ORBIS needs your help to continue their workC. who can make thousands of blind people see againD. what you can do to help blind people open their eyes5.Thomas Edison lit up the world with his invention of the electric light. Without him, the world might still be in the dark. However, the electric light was not his only invention. He also invented the motion picture camera and over 1,200 other things. About every two weeks he created something new.Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He attended school for only three months. His mother taught him at home, but Thomas was mostly self-educated. He started experimenting at a young age.When he was 12 years old, he got his first job. He became a newsboy on a train. He did experiments on the train in his spare time. Unluckily, his first work experience did not end well. They fired him when he accidentally set fire to the floor of the train. Then Edison worked for five years as a telegraph operator, but he continued to spend much of his time in experimenting his first patent in 1868 for a vote recorder run by electricity.Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other, but he thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short, so that he could have more time for work. He always worked 16 out of every 24 hours. Sometimes his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat.Thomas Edison died at the age of 84. He left a great many inventions that greatly improved the quality of life all over the world.A. The function of the electric light.B. Edison and his experiments.C. The importance of inventions.D. The whole life of Edison.6.Green is an important color in nature. It is ... It is ...Sometimes, the word “green” mea ns young, fresh and growing. For example ... In the 15th century ... A century later ... By the 18th century ...Someone who is good at growing plants is said to have a green thumb (大拇指). The expression ... A person with a green thumb ... The Green Revolution (绿色革命) is …Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling. Jealousy (嫉妒). The green eyed monster ... It is ... It …In most places in the world, a green light is a signal (信号) to move ahead. In everyday speech, a green light means approval (赞成) to continue with a project.Which would be the best title of the passage?A. Green, the color of grass and treesB. The stories about the color “green”C. Green, a sign of approvalD. Different meanings of “green”7.Teens want structure in their lives, which means they want their lives well-planned. To begin building structure, teens need love and trust. They need to know their parents are there to give them needed love and support (支持). Teens want to be sure that nothing can prevent parents from shouldering their responsibility for them – not their growing maturity (成熟), misbehavior, nor anger at something they have done. Teens want parents to keep control while allowing them to make some decisions.There are some ways you can help your teens create reasonable structure and remain close .........The most important things to remember are: talk with your teens, listen to their worries and offer suggestions when needed. This will help your teens to live a well-organized life.What is the best title of the passage?A. Training Teens to Become Responsible Adults.B. Helping Teens to Build Reasonable Structure.C. Improving the Relationship with Your Teens.D. Stepping into Your Teens’ Secret World.8.… or some people, music is no fun at all. About 4% of the population is what scientists call “amusic”.People who are amusic are born without the ability to enjoy musical notes. Amusic people often cannot tell the differences between two songs.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics ... By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify (辨别) this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different for those of people who can enjoy music. The difference is complex (复杂的), and it is not connected with poor hearing ... Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断) ... That makes it easier for them to explain ...What is the main idea of the passage?A. Amusics’ strange behaviors.B. Musical ability.C. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.D. Identification and treatment of amusic.9.Multitasking is even changing the relationship between family members. As young people give so much attention to their own worlds，they seem to have no time to spend with the other people around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house，nor can they eat at the family table. In Paragraph 3, the author points out that ______.A. family members do not greet each otherB. family members do not eat at the family tableC. young people get on well with their familiesD. young people hardly communicate with their family members10.Vanuatu is an island nation in the South Pacific. It is one of the smallest countries in the world. But for those who are interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do. Vanuatu’s islands offer v isitors two of the most exciting and dangerous activities in the world: volcano (火山) surfing and land diving.Volcano SurfingOn Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 meters into the sky. Yasur is … Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways it’s very different. V olcano surfers try to … It’s fast, fun and dangerous – the perfect extreme sport (极限运动).Land Diving… A man ties tree vines (树藤) to his legs. He then jumps head-first from a high tower to touch theearth with the top of his head – without breaking the vine. Every spring, island natives (men only) still take part in this amazing activity.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell people not to do dangerous sports.B. To explain what volcano surfing and land diving are.C. To talk about the world’s best volcano surfer and land diver.D. To compare activities in Vanuatu with sports in New Zealand.11.When the Audet family turns on the lights at Blue Farm, they are using electricity that comes from cows – cow waste, to be specific...When farmers clean their barns, they put the wastes in a big heap, and spread some of them on their fields for fertilizer (肥料). But now places like Blue Farm have a new way of using cow wastes. They use them to make electricity...Methane gas (甲烷、沼气) in the atmosphere is known as a “greenhouse” gas… Its gas is kept and used to power electric generators (发电机).At Blue Farm, the generators make enough electricity to power 400 homes. The Audet family sells the extra electricity they can’t use themselves.What is the main purpose for writing the passage?A. to introduce a new way of making electricityB. to explain how a new energy works betterC. to show a new rebuilding plan for a big farmD. to explain the reasons for greenhouse effect12.I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in South Canada, where in my father’s words for the seasons were “Spring, Summer, Fairtime and Winter!” At that time, a week-long fair was held in the town every autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year.When “Fairtime” came, my grandma became the most “useful” and busiest person of the family. Grandma was a kind, well-educated old lady. She was good at cooking. All her relatives liked the food she cooked. During “Fairtime”, they would come to live in her house and have meals there. Grandma was always happy to look after them.Year after year, many people moved to big cities. Ther e was no loner “Fairtime”. Grandma became very old and was gradually going blind. My parents and I moved to live with Grandma in her house. We did our。