2019高考备考周阅读十三
备考2019年高考英语一轮复习测试：任务型阅读(七选五)
备考2019年高考英语一轮复习测试：任务型阅读（七选五）1.（2018•北京）任务型阅读Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. ________Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.________ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. ________ Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.________Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.________However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.2.任务型阅读Life is kind of like a party. You invite a lot of people, some leave early, some stay all night, some laugh with you, some laugh at you, and some show up really late. But in the end, after the fun, there are a few who stay to help you clean up the mess. And most of the time, they aren't even the ones who made themess________ They are the ones who matter most. Here are four things real friends do differently: They face problems together. A real friend is someone who sees the pain in your eyes while everyone else still believes the smile on your face.________Just look for someone who will face them with you.________Your word means everything. If you say you're going to do something, DO IT! If you say you're going to be somewhere, BE THERE! If you say you feel something, MEAN IT! If you can't, won't, and don't, then DON'T LIE. Real friends keep promises and tell the truth upfront.They accept each other. Trying to change a person never works. A real friend is someone who truly knows you and loves you just the same.________ Be yourself and people will love the real you. If you feel like changing something about your friend, ask yourself what change you can make in yourself instead.They support each other's growth changes. Our needs change with time. When someone says, “You've changed,” it's not always a bad thing.________Don't apologize for it. Instead, be open and sincere, explain how you feel, and keep doing what you know in your heart is right,A. They keep their promises.B. No one is happy all the time.C. They make time for each other.D. Don't change so that people will like you.E. Sometimes it just means you've grown.F. These people are your real friends in life.G. Don't look for someone who will solve all your problems.3.任务型阅读Common public speaking problemsThe use of “I feel”, “I think” and “maybe”In the question-and-answer session of the speaking competition, many contestants began their answers with uncertain expressions like “I feel”, “I guess”, “I hear”, “maybe” and “perhaps”. These w ords show that the person is only speaking from his or her point of view________Work on keeping your answers brief and to the point________ Instead of the empty-sounding “I guess”, using facts, together with a clear conclusion based on those facts, is far more likely to be popular with an audience.Using only one speaking style“Don't stick to the same tone________ For example, when they spoke about their dreams some sounded romatic. Others used humor. Very few used several different styles together. Try mixing more than one style, rather than just sticking with the same one.Irresponsible answersPublic speaking is different from personal conversations. You're responsible for your words________So you should think twice before you talk. Don't belike the student who, when asked about his opinion on book piracy（盗版）, started by saying he supported it.Talking around the topic rather than directly answering itYou should focus on one point and give a clear solution. The key is to work out what question is being asked. Is it asking you to discuss a certain topic or to present your own point of view?Use one or two arguments together and give a strong conclusion________A. It can be boring. Try to mix it up.B. Also work on delivering them with calmness and confidence.C. Even though you want to answer quickly, you don't want to sound foolish.D. This lacks the support of facts and seems not to be reliable for the judges and audience.E. Remember that judges are not judging you on whether they agree, but on your ability to say what you think clearly.F. Confidence is extremely important in public speaking as it lets a speaker sound more convincing.G. Deliberate gestures and affected（做作的）expressions of feelings are improper in a successful speech.4.任务型阅读Listening to others requires entering actively and imaginatively into the situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own, and yet so many of us don't listen properly as we should. Listening means more than just sitting silently while someone else talks.________Here are some ways to become a better listener.________ Make sure you actually hear fully what your friend is saying, and you can't cut your friend off verbally carelessly. While you might intend to help move the conversation along your friend might feel as if what he has said needs to be continually talked over or sounds anything but interesting.Nod to encourage the conversation along. A better option to let your friend know you're interested in what he says is just to nod along from time to time. Sometimes you nod along but then start thinking about something unrelated to what he could say.________Turn out background noise. If you're easily distracted by laughter, glasses clinking, children crying, you might need to work extra hard to focus only on your friend.________ Don't hesitate to tell them that the background noises are getting in the way. If you can't focus, try moving to another area.Don't text or look at your phone!________ For you see, when you're sitting in front of someone, he is themost important person in your world at that moment.A. Stop the speaker whenever you have a question.B. Practice silence when someone else is talking.C. If necessary, ask your friend to repeat himself.D. Whoever is calling or texting can wait until you're done with your conversation.E. It means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it.F. In this case, try to push away your thoughts until you're absorbed in what your friend is saying.G Remembering ideas from previous conversations proves that your attention is kept and encourages your friend to continue.5.任务型阅读Perhaps at one point in time, it was acceptable to start any letter or e-mail with “To Whom It May Concern.”________ Starting your cover letter or e-mail for a job this way might give off the impression that you didn't do your research on who you're writing to________After all, people who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more pleasant.________It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints（抱怨）made to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation, for a colleague who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers________“In most cases, though, try to narrow your focus rather than cast a broad net,” notes Grammarly.”Ask yourself. Who does this e-mail concern? If you can honestly answer 'Anyone, 'then feel free to use “To Whom It May Concern.” （These are the things you should never say in your cover letter.）If you do happen to find that using “To Whom It May Concern” is appropriate, don't make grammar mistakes, for example, letters or punctuation.________A. However, it maybe interesting.B. Those times have changed, though.C. Making mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.D. It's also very impersonal, which some employers might not appreciate.E. In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.F. You might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.G. But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this greeting.6.任务型阅读No personal success, achievement, or goal, can be realized without self-discipline.________ It is the ability to control one's impulses, emotions, desires and behavior. To possess it is to make the decisions, take the actions, and carry out your plan regardless of the obstacles, discomfort, or difficulties, that may come your way.How to develop self-discipline? We'll explore it together.Start with baby steps. No process takes place overnight.________So, begin by making the decision to go forward and learning what it takes to get there.Learn what motivates you and what your bad triggers are.________ Sometimes it is very difficult to fight off urges, so know the areas where your resistance is low and how to avoid those situations. Remove the temptations and surround yourself with encouraging items such as motivating slogans and pictures of what you want to achieve.Make certain behaviors a routine. Once you have decided what's important to you and which goals to strive for, establish a daily routine that will help you achieve them.________They can put you in a negative frame of mind and hinder（阻碍）your self-discipline. A poor attitude can also be a bad habit.________ Michael Jordan has always maintained that his greatness as a basketball player came as much from his willingness to work hard at this craft, as it did his craft, as it did his talent. It was his desire through discipline and focus that made him one of the best basketball players ever. If it worked for him, it could certainly work for the rest of us.A. What is self-discipline?B. Engage in sports activities.C. Get inspiration from those you admire.D. You can begin by learning about yourself?E. If you try to do too much at once, you could injure yourself and have a seatback.F. Meanwhile, get rid of some of your bad, self-defeating habits, whatever they may be.G. It does mean learning how to focus your mind and energies on your goals until they are accomplished.7.任务型阅读How to Make PlansMost people get seared when talking about planning or writing plans.________ And you need to plan for success as planning redly works and inspires you to go straight ahead. However, how to create effective plans is still a problem. Don't worry, and just follow the steps below.Step 1________What plans have you had in the past? Probably, in some of your plans, you haven't ended up where youthought you were going to end up, Get a good understanding of what you have done and what you haven't done in the past. It is a primary foundation for your new plan. If having no plan, just take actions and make plans right now.Step 2 Think about the What - IfsWhen you are building your plans, you should consider where you are going and make clear the What - Its, Because not everything just goes smoothly as you believe.________Step 3 Document the plansWhen starting to make plans, you should try to write them down. It is of key importance for the future.________ In addition, make sure you have the plans fully written out with all the key elements concerned, including details.Step 4 Update the plansAccording to your written plans and actual situation, you should check out the plans you have completed and haven't completed.________Make sure all the assumptions are there and work out the details. After hanging on for some days, planning will be getting simpler and easier.A. Review historical plansB. Make new plans immediatelyC. Actually, people are more likely to succeed in a planned wayD. And you need to continue what you haven't done and update itE. Not all people can memorize every word they said and thought wellF. And what you should do next is to check your plan monthly or quarterlyG. For your benefits, you need to make Plan A and Plan B in case of changes and contingencies（偶发事件）.8.任务型阅读The goal of homework is to help students remember and understand what they learned in school that day. It can also help teach them independence and time-management and planning skills, which are keys to success in the real world.________ Here are some successful habits of how to do a good job of homework. Set the stage.Your children need a quiet spot to do their homework.This should be the same place every day, whether it is at the kitchen table or at their desk in their room.________You can take the time to work on a quiet task of your own, whether it's paying bills, reading the newspaper, or planning the next day.Time it right.Homework for young children should be done when your children get home from school, because theinformation is still fresh in their minds and they have enough energy. Have your kids eat some snacks and talk about their day with you.Then have them start their homework.________It's not your homework: it's theirs.You need to be involved in homework to see what your children are learning and how well they know what they need to know.________But guide them if they are struggling. You want them to get the feeling of pride and accomplishment on their own.________Let your children know how grown up it is for them to have homework and how proud you are of them. Try to instill (灌输）into them that it is “fun” to be able to do the assigned tasks. Let them show you their work, praise them for finishing their homework, and always do it with a smile.A. Be hopeful and confident.B. Get excited and be positive.C. Be nearby while they do their homework.D. Be sure not to do the homework for your children.E. That means the television is shut off, even for you.F. A small amount of homework also has a great influence on students.G. Arrange other activities for later in the day so kids can get their homework done first.9.任务型阅读Summer is the perfect time to relax.As you plan for your trip,here are some tips on how to protect yourself. ________Fight against the mosquitoes in the hot spots.There are many mosquito-borne illnesses in tropical regions,which are traditionally vacation hot spots. Therefore,mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）that contains DEET should be an essential item in your travel bag.________In lesser-developed countries there is less equipment for clean water and public health.If you can't avoid unhealthful water,make sure you bring along a tea or coffee—making pot that will boil water for you.You'd better buy a case or two of water and check that all bottle caps are sealed to assure the bottled water isn't just a refilled bottle of dirty tap water.Always protect your feet.It's best to wear slippers in the shower,but if you must be barefoot,put a towel down on the floor.________You should never walk barefoot in any area of a foreign country,including your hotel room.Be sure to eat safe fruits.________They may have been washed in the same water,or wiped with the same rag used to clean work surfaces in kitchens.The best advice is to bring your own peeler（削皮器）so that you know that something clean has been applied to the fruit.Enjoy the smell of roadside stands,not the food.Unless the food is piping hot when served,it's best to stay away from roadside stands,no matter how good the smell of the food might be.If you are concerned about whether a restaurant is clean,order the food to go.________A.Don't trust the local waterB.Any fruit served fresh may be pollutedC.Look out for any water not served in a bottleD.The boxes may be cleaner than the plate or fork on the tableE.You should know how to keep yourself away from dirty fruitsF.They are necessary to avoid coming back with a major illness from your tripG.Parasites（寄生虫）can enter the skin of your feet and travel to different parts of the body10.任务型阅读Happiness begins from appreciationIf you are feeling that life just cannot be any worse for you, it can be challenging to think positive. When stressed, depressed, upset or otherwise in a negative state of mind because you are aware that misfortune keeps occurring, it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. ________ It is often very hard to think positive when so many things are negative, but be sure that someone, somewhere is worse off than you. ________ If you start with one small, positive thing and appreciate it during the course of your day, you will begin to move into a more positive situation and people will start showing up in your life. With appreciation, you will find that over time, you will change your outlook and choose to be happy, regardless of the events around you. ________Begin and end each day with a “Thank you for this wonderful, glorious day!”When you see the rise of gas prices, say “I am so glad to have a vehicle in which to get around.”When your boss is too hard on you, say “I am grateful for my job as I know that many don't have one.”If you are having health problems, be grateful for what does work: “I re ally do appreciate it that my eyes see, my ears hear, my mouth tastes, my legs walk, my arms lift and my mind thinks and everything else works.”Write down what you're grateful for each day. In moments when you're feeling really down, read loudwhat you wrote previously. ________ If you practice this regularly, you will find your list getting longer and longer.The key is to move yourself into a positive thought and keep it there long enough to make it a moment of appreciation. ________A. This will certainly help uplift your spirits.B. If not, you will only attract more misfortune.C. It is of great importance to learn to be grateful.D. The more you appreciate, the happier you'll be.E. If you have made some achievements in your career.F. Here are a few common examples for you to practice.G. You can choose to think differently by beginning with the smallest of steps.11.任务型阅读Mondays are kind of annoying.________ A recent survey says that most people get the pre-work “Sunday blues”. Start ing your Monday feeling sad, anxious and unorganized is hardly the way to kick off a healthy week.The solution? Set aside a little time on Sunday to purposefully prepare yourself for the five days ahead, suggests women's health expert Marsha Hudnall.________Do some meal preparations.Figuring out what to have for dinner on weeknights can be surprisingly stressful. Stretching out a menu plan on Sunday and swinging by the grocery store for ingredients will help you eat well. Go a step further by chopping and cooking vegetables and a protein (like a roast chicken or scrambled eggs).________ Or finally attempt a different diet you've been meaning to try. For easy dinner planning, just order, and you'll have a week's worth of raw materials for delicious and healthy meals.Start a Sunday stress-relief habit.“To be healthy, we have to take care of body and mind,” says Hudnall. Stress has a major impact on health and our ability to concentrate.________ Four ideas to try: a guided meditation with the help of an app; forest bathing－a practice known as shinrin-yoku in Japan, which basically means taking a long walk or hike in a wooded area; gentle exercise like yoga; or time cuddling and playing with your pet.________Why not prepare your favorite clothes for Monday? Studies show that what you wear can have a significant effect on your mood. So make Monday the day you wear your favorite clothes or show the latestaddition to your wardrobe (衣橱). It's also a good idea to get some nice coffee or music ready, which will give you something to look forward to on your Monday commute.A. Give yourself something to look forward on Monday.B. Even Sunday afternoons turn sour as we think of the workweek ahead.C. Then all you have to do is heat and plate when you come home from work.D. Therefore, starting a Sunday stress-relieving habit can begin a week feeling strong and focused.E. Try creating a relaxing and winding down Sunday night so that you can recharge and get ready for Monday.F. Taking on just a few of these simple lips every Sunday will help you launch a productive, less stressful week.G. Wailing until the last moment to do weekend chores like paying bills or doing laundry can leave you anxious and stressed on Sunday.12.任务型阅读A conversation with a good listener is like a good meal—we walk away feeling satisfied and happy.________Here are 4 ways to make your conversation partner feel like you're fully tuned in to their personal radio station.________Making your conversation partner feel safe starts with two things: an open mind and keeping judgment to yourself. Just as immersing（沉浸）yourself in a novel requires suspension of disbelief, immersing yourself in listening requires suspension of opinions or advice. While judgments may appear into your head, set them to the side.Ask questions to follow your natural curiosity.When you're interested, ask questions.________Ask for examples. Ask for details. Following your natural curiosity by asking questions not only shows you are listening and interested, but almost always produces an interesting story.Listen with your whole body.In many a kindergarten classroom, teachers emphasize something called “whole body listening”. It goes like this: use your eyes to watch nonverbal（非语言）, your brain to think about what is being said, your heart to feel emotions» and keep the rest of your body quiet to show respect. But many of us lose it over time, especially as life gets busy. The result? We often try to multitask while listening.________ Validate（使生效）with simple phrases.Keep in your back pocket some validating words and phrases to show you've heard someone.“Of course.” “That makes sense.” “Naturally.” “Clearly.” “For sure.”________In conversation, combining those li ttle phrases: “Of course you feel that way.” or “That makes total sense.” doesn't necessarily convey agreement, but it does convey something even bigger：acceptance.A. Create safety.B. Devote yourself to listening.C. It's appealing to talk about your own experience.D. We half-listen while getting things done or staring at a screen.E. Think like a journalist and ask what, when, where, why or how.F. But being a good listener goes way beyond just not interrupting or nodding your head.G. All of these statements confirm a person's experience or feelings as worthy and accepted.13.任务型阅读How to Feel Beautiful to the InsidePublic opinion may have some say in who is considered “beautiful” on the outside, but inner beauty takes on a whole other meaning. ________ Learn what beauty means to you and have the confidence to live by your own rules starting today.Ask yourself what beauty means to you. How do you define(定义)inner beauty? Is it a person who is always smiling? Someone who has kind words for everyone he meets? Or, is your definition of beauty more complex? ________ Take a pen and a notebook and write down some words that help you describe inner beauty.Have confidence in who you are. In addition to stressing your character strengths, you can apply other ways to feel more confident________ This can be anything from making music to playing sports. Doing things you are good at builds self-respect.Smile and laugh more. ________, just arranging your face into a smiling expression can thoroughly change your mood. Smiles can lead to a more positive mood and a more hopeful attitude. It can not only make you feel beautiful inside, but also improve your outer beauty.________ A reliable method of developing your own inner beauty is adopting the habit of seeing the beauty in everything. All around you, there are amazing people, places and things. Make an effort to slow down and acknowledge these daily.A. Notice the beauty around you.B. When you want to get feelings of confidence.C. Even if you don't quite feel up to it at the moment.D. Besides, you should try to laugh as much as possible.E. Take a moment to reflect on what beauty means to you.F. It has more to do with your character than your appearance.G. Frequently take party in activities in which you perform well.14.任务型阅读What is stereotype? It is commonly known as a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people, consisting of gender, age, occupation, etc.Gender stereotype refers to a judgment about someone according to their sex instead of believing in their ability. Men have been thought to be a leader, strong, aggressive and brave. ________ Age stereotype is that someone judges other people's behavior and appearance because of the age. Children are often described innocent, naughty. Then, young people are usually stereotyped impatient, rebellious and indulge in comfort. Adults are related to responsibility. ________ Because the old people are stereotyped weak and sick, not moving flexibly, which means to be a big trouble.________ A concept can easily be formed that star is a descent and charming job with a lot of fun and more opportunities to contact fashion and celebrity, to dress up, and to taste delicious food in high-class restaurants. But not all stars can have these wonderful experiences. ________ They have to work on the other business to earn money under the pressure of life.Some view stereotype a good way to enable them to response to different things, judging if they are good or bad, as well as adapt into a new environment. However, some stereotypes are not quite consistent with the reality. ________Society is developing every day, if we are always looking at it with stereotype, we will lose another side of it. Therefore, it is a good choice for us to deal with issues in wider perspective.A. Women can also take charge of the nation and run their business.B. There are more stereotypes about stars than other occupations.C. Occupation stereotype also occurs in our minds.D. So most people consider it easy to produce prejudice or misunderstandings.E. Some stars' salary is lower than common white-collar workers.F. But women are thought to be attached, weak, compromised and soft.G. Nowadays, many adults are not willing to attend to their parents.15.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019高考二轮(通用版)英语复习对点练：专题十三 阅读填空(七选五) 阅读填空1 Word版含答案
第二部分专题十三阅读填空(一)A(2016·山东烟台高三诊断)Nowadays, it's hard to find a good job and stay at it. If you're not careful, you could ruin your career. Here are some mistakes that could cause your career to go up in flames.1．Lying. Lying can kill your career before it even starts. Resist the urge to lie on your résumé(简历) or during the interview. Don't add degrees you didn't earn or jobs that you never had.1.__________ Once you get caught, most employers will show you the door.2．Lack of sleep. The stress of not getting enough sleep makes you irritable(易怒的).2.__________ Who wants to work with such a person? Get enough sleep and make yourself more popular and productive.3．Laziness. 3.__________ You should always be looking for opportunities to go above and beyond your required responsibilities. During the process you may even uncover a talent you didn't realize you had.4．Being a loner. It's important to be a team player. This is not your world. 4.__________ While cooperating(合作) with others, you will see your efforts appreciated and your abilities improved.5．Not improving your skills. No matter how good you are at your job, your skill will need a turn－up from time to time. 5.__________ The free or low－cost online courses and certificate programs leave you with no excuse. Keeping your skills continually updated helps you stay longer at your job.A．It also causes you to make serious mistakes.B．You have to work with other people to get things done.C．Let go of the attitude that you can do everything for others.D．Know that your information can be easily researched today.E．It's important not to stay too long even if you have a good job.F．Take the time to develop yourself before your job is taken away.G．Good luck won't come to you if you refuse to do more than your business.体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明主题：毁灭事业的错误语篇导读：找到一个好工作并且做下去不容易，但是一些错误会让你的事业毁于一旦。
备战2019年高考语文 必刷题(刷测试周周参省)第二周(含解析)不分版本
备战2019年高考语文必刷题（刷测试周周参省）第二周（含解析）不分版本第二周总分：60分时间：45分钟一、文言文阅读〔一〕文言断句〔每题2分，共10分〕阅读下面的文言文，完成小题。
属岁旱歉人有亡去他境者吏或拘之延赏曰夫食人之所恃而生也适彼而可生得存吾人又何限于彼也乃具舟楫而遣之，俾吏修其庐室，已其逋债，百姓遂安。
以故，岁凶而无怨者。
1．对文中画波浪线局部的断句，正确的一项为哪一项〔〕A．属岁旱歉\人有亡去\他境者吏或拘之\延赏曰\夫食人之所恃\而生也\适彼而可生得存\吾人又何限于彼也\B．属岁旱歉\人有亡去他境者\吏或拘之\延赏曰\夫食\人之所恃而生也\适彼而可生\得存吾人\又何限于彼也\C．属岁旱歉\人有亡去\他境者吏或拘之\延赏曰\夫食人之所恃而生也\适彼而可生得存\吾人又何限于彼也\D．属岁旱歉\人有亡去\他境者吏或拘之\延赏曰\夫食人之所恃而生也\适彼而可生\得存吾人\又何限于彼也\【答案】D【解析】【参考译文】这一年天旱歉收，百姓有逃荒到其他地方去的，有的官吏就把他们抓起来。
张延赏说：“食物，是人所依赖生存的东西，到那里去可以生存，能够使我们的百姓存活，又为什么要限制他们到那里去呢？〞〔张延赏〕就〔让人〕准备了船只送他们回去，并让官吏为他们修葺房屋，停止追收他们欠下的债务，百姓们就安定了。
因此，虽然年成不好却没有抱怨的百姓。
【考点定位】理解并翻译文中句子，能力层级为理解B。
阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。
端拱元年春,初令学官讲说,觉首预焉。
太宗幸国子监谒文宣王毕升辇将出西门顾见讲坐左右言觉方聚徒讲书上即召觉令对御讲。
觉曰:“陛下六龙在御,臣何敢辄升高坐。
〞上因降辇,令有司张帟幕,设别坐,诏觉讲《周易》之《泰卦》,从臣皆列坐。
觉因述天地感通、君臣相应之旨,上甚悦,特赐帛百匹。
2．以下对文中画波浪线局部的断句,正确的一项为哪一项 ( )A．太宗幸国子监/谒文宣王/毕升辇将出西门/顾见讲坐左右/言觉方聚徒讲书/上即召觉/令对御讲B．太宗幸国子监谒文宣王毕/升辇将出西门顾见/讲坐左右/言觉方聚徒讲书/上即召觉/令对御讲C．太宗幸国子监谒文宣王毕/升辇将出西门/顾见讲坐/左右言觉方聚徒讲书/上即召觉/令对御讲D．太宗幸国子监/谒文宣王/毕升辇将出西门/顾见讲坐/左右言觉方聚徒讲书/上即召觉/令对御讲【答案】C【解析】【参考译文】端拱元年春天,刚让学官讲学,李觉首先参与。
高考语文一轮复习专题十三文言文阅读__能力训练含解析
专题十三文言文阅读复习纲要【考情探究】课标解读必备知识关键能力备考策略考点内容断句综合考查对实词、虚词、句意的理解句读、语法运用实词、虚词、特殊句式等知识,准确理解句意,正确断句平时多积累实词的含义,注意借助虚词来断句,同时要多关注句子的结构,掌握断句的基本方法古代文化常识了解并掌握常见的古代文化常识官职科举、姓名称谓、天文地理、历法纪年、风俗礼仪、饮食器用、音乐文娱凭借积累、根据语境理解句中词语的传统文化内涵识记课本中的古代文化知识,按时间的先后等顺序梳理积累课外常见的古代文化知识文意概括和分析筛选并归纳信息要点,分析概括作者在文中的观点态度120个实词、18个虚词归纳内容要点、概括中心意思的能力1.选择题,在审读题干和仔细比对选项与原文上下功夫。
注重总结规律,形成方法。
2.简答题要做到要点全,语言简。
翻译句子将文言句子译成现代汉语120个实词、18个虚词、词类活用及文言句式运用相关文言知识,理解文句,并能准确、通顺地翻译成现代汉语复习备考时要把三大得分点——关键实词、关键虚词、特殊句式作为重点,强化“得分点”意识。
【真题探秘】(2020新高考Ⅰ,10—14)阅读下面的文言文,回答问题。
(19分) 左光斗,字遗直,桐城人。
万历三十五年进士。
除中书舍人。
选授御史,巡视中城。
捕治吏部豪恶吏,获假印七十余,假官一百余人,辇下．．震悚。
出理屯田,因条上三因十四议,诏悉允行。
水利大兴,北人始知艺稻。
邹元标尝曰:“三十年前,都人不知稻草何物,今所在皆稻,种水田利也。
”阉人刘朝称东宫．．令旨,索戚畹废庄。
光斗不启封还之,曰:“尺土皆殿下．．有,今日安敢私受。
”阉人愤而去。
杨涟劾魏忠贤,光斗与其谋,又与攀龙共发崔呈秀赃私,忠贤暨其党咸怒。
及忠贤逐南星攀龙大中次将及涟光斗光斗愤甚草奏劾忠贤及魏广微三十二斩罪拟十一月二日上之先遣妻子南还忠贤诇知,先二日假会推事与涟俱削籍。
群小恨不已,复构文言狱,入光斗名,遣使往逮。
2019高考语文全程备考二轮复习古诗歌阅读A卷含解析
古诗歌阅读（A卷）一、阅读下面这首宋词，完成1～2题。
(9分)高阳台送陈君衡①被召周密②照野旌旗，朝天车马，平沙万里天低。
宝带金章，尊前茸帽风欹。
秦关汴水经行地，想登临、都付新诗。
纵英游，叠鼓清笳，骏马名姬。
酒酣应对燕山雪，正冰河月冻，晓陇云飞。
投老残年，江南谁念方回。
东风渐绿西湖岸，雁已还、人未南归。
最关情，折尽梅花，难寄相思。
[注] ①陈君衡，作者友人，宋亡之后，被元朝征召至大都做官，临别之际，作者作此词为他送行。
②周密，南宋词人，宋亡后隐居不仕。
1．下列对这首词的理解，不正确的一项是(3分)( )A．上片前三句描写送别场景，作者用雄健的笔调勾画出一幅气象阔大、色彩鲜明、热烈而又整肃的郊野送行图。
B．“宝带金章”表明人物身份，同时暗示此次大都之行的缘由。
一个“欹”字极为传神地勾勒出人物潇洒的风神。
C．下片前三句，设想友人远去冰河之域的情景，这雄浑壮阔的景象与上片送别哀伤的情调形成鲜明的对照。
D．全词既写眼前实景，也有想象中虚景，虚实结合，深沉婉转地表达了作者复杂情感。
题作“送”之，实即留之。
解析：选C C项，“这雄浑壮阔的景象与上片送别哀伤的情调形成鲜明的对照”错，应是“这阔大然而凄清的景象与上片热烈欢快的情调形成鲜明的对照”。
2．这首词表现了词人怎样的思想感情？请结合词句具体分析。
(6分)答：参考答案：①“折尽梅花，难寄相思”，表现对友人惜别相思之情，也含不满之意。
②“宝带金章，尊前茸帽风欹”暗含对友人屈身仕元的不满之意。
③“酒酣应对燕山雪，正冰河月冻，晓陇云飞”设想友人到那边的景象，表现出关切之情。
④“投老残年”表现作者对年华老去的伤感之情。
⑤“秦关汴水经行地，想登临、都付新诗”委婉地透露出对故国的思念和对山河依旧、人事已非的感叹。
(每点2分，答出其中任意三点即可)二、阅读下面这首宋词，完成3～4题。
(9分)永遇乐①苏轼长忆别时，景疏楼上，明月如水。
美酒清歌，留连不住，月随人千里。
别来三度，孤光又满，冷落共谁同醉？卷珠帘、凄然顾影，共伊到明无寐。
(浙江专版)2019版高考语文一轮复习 读练测10周 第4周 周三 多彩阅读
多彩阅读为什么要上一所好大学？李柘远读一所好大学，到底对一个人有什么实实在在的好处？我结合自己在耶鲁大学的求学经历，聊一点拙见。
我认为，优秀大学和普通大学在学习上的关键性差异，不在于“学什么”，而在于“怎么学”——学习的方法和过程，有时很不一样。
同一个知识点，普通大学的学生可能只掌握了皮毛，背一背概念，做几道习题，浅尝辄止；优秀大学的学生却可能通过教授讲解、小班讨论、课外研究、论文撰写等多种方法，深刻立体地消化这个知识点。
在耶鲁，每篇论文都写得艰苦卓绝：文章逻辑、遣词造句等方面都需要“庄严”对待；引用别人的观点和数据时，必须仔细做好注释、写全参考文献，否则就算抄袭，有可能被追责。
知识学得很扎实这点自不用说，更重要的收获，还是通过深度学习所提高的各种能力：阅读能力、写作能力、分析能力、批判性思维等等。
这些能力综合在一起，就加强了一个人的自学能力。
此外，在人才济济的校园里待四年，你会接触到各式各样的人物，通过和他们一起上课、写作业、运动、聊天、旅行、谈恋爱，你将一直被他们的正能量气场笼罩，不知不觉汲取他们的优点，逐渐使自己变得更好。
耶鲁四年，让我倍感荣幸的一大收获，就是与一群“超级厉害”的人成为师徒、同窗和校友。
这些人有才华方面很“厉害”的：满分学霸，音乐诗人，发明天才。
有阅历方面很“厉害”的：十年级的暑假一路卖艺游遍南美，写出一本畅销游记；18岁和22岁时代表美国连续参加两届奥运会击剑比赛并获得奖牌；幼时幸免于卢旺达大屠杀，十年后与家人在美国重聚，长大后代表非洲难民在联合国演讲……每个耶鲁学生都在释放着积极上进的能量，在友好和谐的气氛里你追我赶。
和这样一群人在一起，你压根不敢偷懒，更不可能颓废。
大学四年里，我有幸跟诺贝尔经济学奖获得者罗伯特·施勒教授学习“金融市场理论”，同摩根士丹利亚太区前首席经济学家史蒂芬·罗奇教授讨论中国经济未来的趋势，向著名的耶鲁大学投资办公室首席投资官大卫·斯文森教授讨教投资的秘诀。
备战2019年高考语文第三周(含解析)
第三周总分：60分时间：45分钟一、古诗文阅读阅读下面诗词，完成后面各题。
（3分）唐多令·惜别吴文英①何处合成愁？离人心上秋。
纵芭蕉不雨也飕飕。
都道晚凉天气好；有明月，怕登楼。
年事梦中休，花空烟水流。
燕辞归、客尚淹留。
垂柳不萦裙带住，漫②长是、系行舟。
【注】①吴文英，号梦窗，唐代诗人。
一生未第，游幕终身，晚年困踬以死。
②漫：空，徒劳。
1.阅读这首词，请在四个选项中选出错误的一个选项（ )A．词的开篇两句，一问一答，横空而出，看似突兀，实则独具匠心，因为作者接着以“纵芭蕉不雨也飕飕”来写明“愁”正是由此处雨打芭蕉而惹起。
B．过片叹息年光过尽，往事如梦。
“花空烟水流”既是比喻青春岁月的流逝，又在描写秋景，兼抒情、写景之妙。
C．“燕辞归、客尚淹留”，运用对比的手法，以秋深燕归与自身仍在外飘泊作对比，表达了客居他乡不得归的无奈、伤感之情。
D．末三句写客中孤寂的感叹。
“裙带”二字暗示对方的身份和彼此之间的关系。
羁身异乡，又成孤零，本就有双重悲愁，何况离自己而去者又是一位情侣呢。
【答案】A【解析】成愁？离人心上秋”，两句一问一答，开篇即出以唱叹，而且凿空道来，实可称倒折之笔。
下句“纵芭蕉不雨也飕飕”是说，虽然没有下雨，但芭蕉也会因飕飕秋风，发出凄凉的声响。
这分明想告诉读者，先时有过雨来。
而起首愁生何处的问题，正由此处蕉雨惹起。
所以前二句即由此倒折出来，平添千回百折之感。
【考点定位】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧，能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
阅读下面诗词，完成后面各题。
（3分）临江仙·暮春赵长卿过尽征鸿来尽燕，故园消息茫然。
一春憔悴有谁怜？怀家寒食夜，中酒落花天。
见说江头春浪渺，殷勤欲送归船。
别来此处最萦牵。
短篷南浦雨，疏柳断桥烟。
2.阅读这首宋词，请在四个选项中选出错误的一个选项（ )A．起首二句比兴，以征鸿比喻飘泊异乡的旅客。
以归燕兴起思家的情感。
鸿雁秋去春来，离乡后犹能回到塞北，而词人却永远远离故土。
高三语文周考 小题训练 学生版
高三语文周考小题训练1．【2019年高考新课标全国Ⅰ卷】阅读下面的文字，完成小题。
中国传统音乐包括民间音乐、宗教音乐、文人音乐、宫廷音乐等类别，其中文人音乐的代表主要就是古琴艺术。
但随着传统文人阶层在中国的消失，古琴艺术逐渐，甚至被社会遗忘。
直到2003年，中国的古琴艺术被联合国教科文组织列入“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作名录”，这种过去对文化有着深刻影响的艺术形式，才重新了生机。
（），但我认为这恰恰是它的一个特点。
正因为古琴音量小，使得它是直接和你的心进行交流的乐器，是最个人化的乐器。
我国古代就有“琴者，心也”“琴者，禁也”的说法。
“琴者，心也”即弹琴是为了和自己的心灵对话，与大自然交流，与三五“知音”互相欣赏；“琴者，禁也”即弹琴是为了自己，也说明在古人心目中，琴不仅是一件乐器，也是的工具。
依次填入文中横线上的词语，全都恰当的一项是（）A．边缘化获得制约放松身心B．私人化获得制约修身养性C．私人化焕发约束放松身心D．边缘化焕发约束修身养性2．【2019年高考江苏卷】在下面一段话的空缺处依次填入词语，最恰当的一组是（）提到桃花源，许多人会联想到瓦尔登湖。
真实的瓦尔登湖，早已成为▲的观光胜地，梭罗的小木屋前也经常聚集着▲的游客，不复有隐居之地的气息。
然而虚构的桃花源一直就在我们的心中，哪怕▲在人潮汹涌的现代城市，也可以获得心灵的宁静。
A．名闻遐迩闻风而至杂居B．名噪一时闻风而至栖居C．名噪一时纷至沓来杂居D．名闻遐迩纷至沓来栖居3．【2019年高考天津卷】阅读下面一段文字，依次填入文中横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）在寒冷的极区，人们举目瞭．望，常常看到五光十色、千姿百态的极光。
天暮．上，群星闪烁，静静地俯瞰．着黑魆．魆的地面。
突然，在大熊星座中________出一缕彩虹般的神奇光带，如烟似雾，摇曳．不定，最后化成一个硕大无比的光环，萦．绕在北斗星的周围，宛如皓．月当空，向大地倾泄．下一片光华。
极光形状各异，世界上简直找不出两个一模．一样的极光形体。
备战2019年高考语文 必刷题(刷测试周周参省)第五周(含解析)不分版本
备战2019年高考语文必刷题（刷测试周周参省）第五周（含解析）不分版本第三周总分：60分时间：45分钟一、古诗文阅读阅读下面这首唐诗，完成以下小题。
旅中送迁客吴融天南不可去,君去吊灵均。
落日青山路,秋风白发人。
言危无继者,道在有明神。
满目尽胡越,平生何处陈。
1．以下对本诗的理解，不正确的一项为哪一项A．首联中，灵均是屈原的字。
外表写朋友要去凭吊屈原，实际暗示朋友被贬的遭际。
B．颔联点明送别的时间，对仗工整，注重色彩，用冷色调渲染了离别的心情。
C．本诗与王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》均为送别友人之作，情感真挚，风格相同。
D．本诗熔叙事、写景、抒怀于一炉，描写简备精当，感情深沉含蓄。
【答案】C【解析】【考点定位】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧，能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
阅读下面这首唐诗，完成小题。
九日齐山登高杜牧江涵秋影雁初飞，与客携壶上翠微。
尘世难连开口笑，菊花须插满头归。
但将酩酊酬佳节，不用登临恨落晖。
古往今来只如此，牛山何必独沾衣①。
〔注释〕①春秋时，齐景公游于牛山，见落日而北望国都临淄，想到难于永享据有国土之乐，流泪说：“假设何滂滂去此而死乎！〞2．以下对这首诗的赏析，不正确的一项为哪一项A．李清照的《醉花阴》与本诗都反映出古人重阳赏菊、饮洒的风俗，但诗人心境不同，本诗没有前者包含的相思之愁。
B．颔联写诗人理想中尽兴地过重阳的方式——应该将菊花插个满头再归去，旨在表现他对菊花的独特喜爱和内心的旷达。
C．颈联用了比照，将大醉无忧与怨恨忧愁相比照。
“但将酩酊酬佳节〞，诗人像是劝客，又像是劝自己。
D．尾联用典，诗人由眼前登临的齐山，联想到齐景公的牛山坠泪，他与齐景公有同感，却宽慰自己不必单独伤感流泪。
【答案】D【解析】【考点定位】鉴赏文学作品的形象、语言和表达技巧，能力层级为鉴赏评价D。
阅读下面这首宋诗，完成下面小题。
风雨中诵潘邠老诗韩淲①满城风雨近重阳②，独上吴山看大江。
老眼昏花忘远近，壮心轩豁任行藏。
备战2019年高考语文必刷题第一周第3组(含解析)
第一周第3组一、阅读下面的文字，完成小题①幸福观是人们对幸福的根本看法，中国人的幸福观源远流长，，早在先秦时期，《尚书》就提出了“寿”“富”“康宁”“攸好德” “考终命”的所谓“五福”幸福观。
后来，古老的“五福”发展成寓意吉祥的新“五福”（福、禄、寿、喜、财）。
这反映了中华民族对美好生活的企盼。
当前，我国社会正在发生深刻变革，多元复杂的社会生活带来了传统幸福观的历史性嬗变。
赋予幸福观以新的时代内涵，构建当代中国人的幸福观，是一个极为重要的课题。
②当代中国人越来越认同将个人的幸福与高尚的人格、美好的家庭、和谐的社会以及优美的自然环境紧密联系起来。
过上好的生活是幸福的核心，但好的生活不再被仅仅理解为传统社会的“五福”，也不再被仅仅理解为更多资源的占有和物质欲望的满足，而是被理解为人的自由全面发展。
高尚的人格是幸福的主观条件，它不只是传统意义上的仁义道德，而是优良品格、丰富知识、卓越能力等要素构成的有机整体。
美好的家庭、和谐的社会、优美的自然环境是幸福的客观条件，它们也都被赋予了现代意蕴。
今天，过上幸福生活不仅需要国家富强、民族振兴，还需要构建共建共享、合作共赢的人类命运共同体。
这些新内涵勾勒了当代中国人幸福观的轮廓，但要构建系统完整的幸福观，还需要在理论研究上多下功夫。
③构建当代中国人的幸福观，要以使人民过上幸福生活为根本旨归。
人民幸福离不开国家富强和民族振兴，因为这是人民幸福的物质基础。
如果国家贫弱、民族衰微，人民幸福就无从谈起。
让人民过上幸福生活，就要满足人民长期性、普遍性的要求。
当代中国人的幸福观就是以人民为中心、以践行社会主义核心价值观为价值追求、以国家富强和民族振兴为保障的幸福观。
④中国传统幸福观是构建当代中国人幸福观的深厚文化基础，如国泰民安、家和邻睦、敬祖畏天等对幸福生活的认知，对于我们今天认识什么是幸福无疑具有重要作用，对于治疗及时行乐、贪得无厌、无所敬畏等现代社会“流行病”也是一剂良药。
押新课标全国卷第13题-备战2019年高考语文临考题号押题(解析版)
押新课标全国卷第13题高考频度：★★★★★难易程度：★★★☆☆【2017年高考北京卷】阅读下面的文言文，完成文后题目。
秦废封建秦初并天下，丞相绾等言：“燕、齐、荆地远，不置王无以镇之，请立诸子。
”始皇下其议，群臣皆以为便。
廷尉斯曰：“周文、武所封子弟同姓甚众，然后属疏远，相攻击如仇雠，诸侯更相诛伐，天子不能禁止。
今海内赖陛下神灵一统，皆为郡县。
诸子功臣以公赋税重赏赐之，甚易制。
天下无异意，则安宁之术也。
置诸侯不便。
”始皇曰：“天下共苦战斗不休，以有侯王。
赖宗庙天下初定，又复立国，是树兵也，求其宁息，岂不难哉！廷尉议是。
”分天下为三十六郡，郡置守、尉、监。
苏子曰：圣人不能为时，亦不失时。
时非圣人之所能为也，能不失时而已。
三代之兴，诸侯无罪不可夺削，因而君之虽欲罢侯置守，可得乎？此所谓不能为时者也。
周衰，诸侯相并，齐、晋、秦、楚皆千馀里，其势足以建侯树屏。
至于七国皆称王，行天子之事，然终不封诸侯。
久矣，世之畏诸侯之祸也，非独李斯、始皇知之。
始皇既并天下，分郡邑，置守宰，理固当然，如冬裘夏葛，时之所宜，非人之私智独见也，所谓不失时者，而学士大夫多非之。
汉高帝欲立六国后，张子房以为不可，李斯之论与子房无异。
高帝闻子房之言，知诸侯之不可复，明矣。
然卒王韩信、彭越、英布、卢绾，岂独高帝所为，子房亦与焉。
故柳宗元曰：“封建非圣人意也，势也。
”昔之论封建者甚众，宗元之论出，而诸子之论废矣，虽圣人复起，不能易也。
故吾取其说而附益之，曰：凡有血气必争，争必以利，利莫大于封建。
封建者，争之端而乱之始也。
自书契【1】以来，臣弑其君，子弑其父，父子兄弟相贼杀，有不出于袭封而争位者乎？自三代圣人以礼乐教化天下，至刑措不用，然终不能已篡弑之祸。
至汉以来，君臣父子相贼虐者，皆诸侯王子孙，其馀卿大夫不世袭者，盖未尝有也。
近世无复封建，则此祸几绝。
仁人君子，忍复开之欤？故吾以为李斯、始皇之言，柳宗元之论，当为万世法也。
（取材于宋·苏轼《东坡志林》）注释：【1】书契：指有文字记载。
2019高三语文第6次周考试卷
樟树三中2018—2019学年高三（下）第六次周考语文试卷2019.4考试时间：150分钟分值：150分第Ⅰ卷阅读题（共70分）一、现代文阅读(36分)（一）论述类文本阅读(9分，毎小题 3分)王羲之创作的《兰亭集序》被盛赞为“天下第一行书”，不仅因为整幅作品精美绝伦，更因这篇手书序文中，字字独具风采，同字异写更是变化无穷，其中二十个“之”字无一雷同，竟有谚语“之字最多无一似”流传。
分布在原帖中的二十个“之”字，因语境、句式和书写布局呈现出的不同笔法、空间结构和内在韵味，究竟是书法家对艺术创作原则的主动遵循，还是临场发挥随机的、自然的结果，历来众说纷纭。
我们姑且将此争论放在一旁，单从结果上看，《兰亭集序》中二十个形态各异的“之”字，客观上贡献了书法创作上从形式到内容层出不穷的新意。
王羲之对书法变革的贡献，是书法家“内生”（创新是“生产过程中内生的、革命性的变化”）变革的典范。
他十二岁经父亲传授笔法，“语有大纲，即有所悟”，先师从卫铄（卫夫人）学习书法，之后博采众家之长，正书师法钟繇，草书师法张芝，最终做到了“真书胜钟，草故减张”“增损古法，裁成今体”，开辟了书法艺术的新天地。
这种艺术革新，首先是跳出了当时的窠臼，引领了书法体式上的“革命性”发展。
王羲之将行楷二体向前推进，开辟了草楷相结合的书法发展道路，使其便捷易识，在继承钟繇楷书古朴精简、张芝草书数意兼包的基础上大胆变化，完美兼顾书法的实用性和艺术性，以一种全新的文字书写体式形成隋唐以来书法发展的主流，在书法史上起了承前启后的作用。
笔法观念上，王羲之、王献之父子二人更是对传统程式进行大胆变革，以不断变化的手法和笔态，避免千篇一律，做到随类赋形，因势生形，字字相生，而面对同样的一个字，则照顾其所处环境、位置，保持该字独立个性的同时，做到与周围和谐统一。
《兰亭集序》中二十个神态各异的“之”字，就是这种笔法的代表性应用。
人们谈及创新，往往更多着眼于“发展”（即质变）的结果，而忽略“增长”（即量变）的前提，王羲之的书法创新则是量变基础上水到渠成的结果。
河南省某知名中学2019届高三语文第十三次考试试题(含解析)_2
南阳一中2019年高三第十三次考试语文试题一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
若想要叙述整个世界的历史，不偏不倚地讲述整个人类的故事，便不能仅仅依靠文字。
因为世界上只有部分地区拥有文字，大多数地区在历史上的大部分时期都没有发展出文字。
书写是人类在发展后期才取得的成就，直至近代，即使一些文化程度较高的社会，在记录自己的忧虑与渴望时，使用的载体依然不仅有文字，也包括物品。
一部理想的历史记录应该把文字和物品结合起来，但在很多情况下这是无法完成的。
最能清楚地表现文字历史与非文字历史不对称的例子也许是库克船长的探险队与澳大利亚土著在植物学湾的第一次相遇。
在英国方面，我们对这一特殊的日子有科学记载及船长日志为证，而在澳大利亚方面，他们仅有一面木制盾牌。
如果我们想要重构那一天的真实情境，就需要像对待那些文字记录一样，深入而严谨地对这面盾牌进行研究和解读。
除了双向误解之外，还有由胜利带来的有意或无意的扭曲。
历史通常是由胜利者书写的，尤其在只有胜利者知道如何书写的时候。
至于失败者，那些被征服或毁灭的社会，通常只能通过物品来讲述事件。
当我们研究有文字的社会与无文字的社会之间的接触时，需要参考的则不仅是文字，也应包括物品。
这些全部知易行难。
通过文献解读历史是人们熟知的程式，数百年来我们已经学会该如何判断文字材料的坦白、失真与诡计。
而对于物品来说，当然也有考古学、科学和人类学的专业知识结构来帮助我们提出关键性的问题，但我们还必须加上一定程度的想象，才能构建出这些物品的前世今生。
我们需要借助尽可能丰富和诗意的想象，才能真正理解它们所传达的深刻内涵。
这是我们了解许多文化的唯一途径。
这是一个复杂而又充满不确定因素的过程，这些历经层层文化转译的物品需要再次被严格审视，重新想象。
这些充满想象力的解读和欣赏是“通过文物看历史”的关键，对过往文化的重建是理解人类共性的基石。
启蒙时代的收藏家与学者们在完成这一任务的过程中，既仰赖对史实的科学排序，也发挥了诗意地进行重建的罕见能力。
2019高考备考周阅读十六
2019高考备考周阅读十六一、成语积累从容不迫神情庄不慌不忙举止稳辨析：这两个成语都有沉着镇定的意思。
它们的区别在于从容不迫偏重在神情态度的沉着镇定庄重；不慌不忙偏重在言语举止的镇定沉稳。
粗茶淡饭是俭朴家常便饭很平常辨析：这两个成语都有饭菜简单平常的意思。
它们的区别在于粗茶淡饭偏重在简单，不讲究，多形容生活俭朴；家常便饭偏重在平常一般，形容经常发生，很寻常。
粗枝大叶不周全粗心大意不细心辨析：这两个成语都有不仔细，马虎的意思。
它们的区别在于粗枝大叶多比喻简略，不详细；粗心大意形容不细心，失去警惕的意思。
摧枯拉朽去腐朽势如破竹气势盛辨析：这两个成语都有轻而易举摧毁的意思。
它们的区别在于摧枯拉朽偏重在轻而易举，毫不费力摧毁腐朽势力；势如破竹偏重在势不可挡，气势旺盛。
寸步难行处境难步履维艰发展难辨析：这两个成语都有行动艰难的意思。
它们的区别在于寸步难行指行走困难，处境艰难，用于各种人；步履维艰多形容老人病人行走困难，也比喻做事情想进一步发展非常困难。
处心积虑蓄谋久挖空心思干坏事惨淡经营成大事辨析：这两个成语都有用心去做某事的意思。
它们的区别在于处心积虑指费尽心机做坏事，强调蓄谋已久；挖空心思则强调花尽心思干坏事；惨淡经营多形容苦费心思去谋划、经营管理某事，相当于苦心孤诣。
春意阑珊春将去七月流火天转凉辨析：这两个成语的区别在于春意阑珊指春天就要过去了；七月流火是说在农历七月天气转凉的时节，天刚擦黑的时候，可以看见大火星从西方落下去。
然而“七月流火”多年来却常被误用来形容暑热，至今仍不绝于各种媒体，所以此古语的本来含义已被通俗而异化。
春风化雨颂师长如坐春风受教育辨析：这两个成语的区别在于如坐春风指如同坐在和煦的春风里，比喻受到良师的教育；春风化雨像用和暖的春风吹拂人，似及时的雨水滋润大地一样，比喻良好教育的普遍深入，也用来称颂师长的教诲。
蹉跎岁月虚度日峥嵘岁月不平凡辨析：这两个成语的区别在于蹉跎岁月中蹉跎指时间白白地消耗掉，虚度光阴，蹉跎岁月指白白地度过年月，人生虚度年华，也作“日月蹉跎”、“岁月蹉跎”；峥嵘岁月中峥嵘指山势高峻的样子，引申为不平常，特别，峥嵘岁月多形容不平凡的岁月。
备战2019年高考语文必刷题第三周第2组(含解析)
第三周第2组一、阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
寂寞梁实秋寂寞是一种清福。
我在小小的书斋里，焚起一炉香，袅袅的一缕烟线笔直地上升，一直戳到顶棚，好像屋里的空气是绝对的静止，我的呼吸都没有搅动出一点波澜似的。
我独自暗暗地望着那条烟线发怔。
屋外庭院中的紫丁香还带着不少嫣红焦黄的叶子，枯叶乱枝的声响可以很清晰地听到，先是一小声清脆的折断声，然后是撞击着枝干的磕碰声，最后是落到空阶上的拍打声。
这时节，我感到了寂寞。
在这寂寞中我意识到了我自己的存在，片刻的孤立的存在。
这种境界并不太易得，与环境有关，更与心境有关。
寂寞不一定要到深山大泽里去寻求，只要内心清净，随便在市廛里，陋巷里，都可以感觉到一种空灵悠逸的境界，所谓“心远地自偏”是也。
在这种境界中，我们可以在想象中翱翔，跳出尘世的渣滓，与古人同游。
所以我说，寂寞是一种清福。
在礼拜堂里我也有过同样的经验。
在伟大庄严的教堂里，从彩色玻璃窗透进一股不很明亮的光线，沉重的琴声好像是把人的心都洗淘了一番似的，我感到了我自己的渺小。
这渺小的感觉便是我意识到我自己存在的明证。
因为平常连这一点点渺小之感都不会有的！我的朋友肖丽先生卜居在广济寺里，据他告诉我，在最近一个夜晚，月光皎洁，天空如洗，他独自踱出僧房，立在大雄宝殿的石阶上，翘首四望，月色是那样的晶明，蓊郁的树是那样的静止，寺院是那样的肃穆，他忽然顿有所悟，悟到永恒，悟到自我的渺小，悟到四大皆空的境界。
我相信一个人常有这样的经验，他的胸襟自然豁达寥廓。
但是寂寞的清福是不容易长久享受的。
它只是一瞬间的存在。
世界有太多的东西不时的提醒我们，提醒我们一件煞风景的事实：我们的两只脚是踏在地上的呀！一只苍蝇撞在玻璃窗上挣扎不出去，一声“老爷太太可怜可怜我这个瞎子吧”，都可以使我们从寂寞中间一头栽出去，栽到苦恼烦躁的漩涡里去。
至于“催租吏”一类的东西打上门来，或是“石壕吏”之类的东西半夜捉人，其足以使人败兴生气，就更不待言了。
这还是外界的感触，如果自己的内心先六根不净，随时都意马心猿，则虽处在最寂寞的境地里，他也是慌成一片，忙成一团，六神无主，暴跳如雷，他永远不得享受寂寞的清福。
江苏省新高考2019届高三模拟试卷(十三)语文
江苏省新高考2019届高三模拟试卷（十三）语文本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。
★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1、考试范围：高考范围。
2、答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
3、选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4、非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
5．保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损，不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。
6、考试结束后，请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并上交。
一、语言文字运用1.在下面一段话的空缺处依次填入词语，最恰当的一组是（）人人都希望自己____________，却很少有人能沉静下来用心对待生活。
其实生活很_________，你是不是诚心待它，它一眼就能分辨出来。
你越____________，越想得到，距离目标就越远；你努力振作，默默耕耘，惊喜往往就会悄然而至。
A. 与众不同机敏焦躁B. 与众不同敏锐浮躁C. 标新立异机敏浮躁D. 标新立异敏锐焦躁【答案】B【解析】试题分析：本题考查词语的运用。
“与众不同”和“标新立异”的区别在于：前者重在表示不同，重在客观存在；后者重在表示标榜“新”和“异”，重在表示主观行为。
此处宜用前者。
“机敏”和“敏锐”的区别在于：它们虽都强调“敏”，但前者重在表示“机”，即“灵活”之意；后者重在表示“锐”，含“深刻”之意。
此处宜用后者。
“焦躁”和“浮躁”的区别在于：前者重在焦急，后者重在浮浅。
此处宜用后者。
【考点定位】正确使用词语（包括熟语）。
能力层级为表达运用E【技巧点拨】对于词语题，第一要辨析词义，包括词语的语义侧重点、词语的词义轻重、词义范围的大小等。
2019届高三语文上学期第二次双周考试题(含解析)(新版)新目标版
2019高三第二次双周考语文试题卷一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。
中国自古以农业立国，对水旱灾害相当敏感，加上中国东部主要农业区受季风气候影响，大小灾害频繁，成为统治者和民众经常性的威胁。
现实的需要使中国古代对天文、气象、物候的记载和研究相当重视，并注意考察人类活动与自然变化的关系，形成了一些独特的观念，其中之一即是“天人感应”或“天人合一”。
时下流行的看法都将“天人合一”解释为人类与自然和谐相处，这更多的是反映了时人的愿望，是对传统观念积极的但也是实用主义的解释。
尽管原始的“天人合一”观念的确包含了这样的内容，但这并不是它的主体。
所谓“天人合一”，是指天意决定人事，而天意是通过天象或灾异来显示的。
君主是天子，由天意确定，也代表天命。
所以君主如有失德，或治理不当，或人事有悖于天意，必定会受到天象的警告或灾异的惩罚。
正因为如此，从最古老的史书开始，天象或灾异都是不可或缺的记载。
《二十四史》中大多有《五行志》《天文志》《灾异志》，所记内容无不与朝代兴衰、天下治乱、君主贤愚、大臣忠奸相一致。
凡国之将兴，天子圣明，大臣贤能，则风调雨顺，紫气东来，吉星高照；反之则灾异频仍，天象错乱。
在这种观念的主导下，一旦出现罕见的天象或异常的气候，如日食、太阳黑子、流星、陨石、星宿异位、地震、山崩、水旱灾害等，皇帝就要换上素色服装，不吃荤腥辛辣，不近女色，迁居偏僻清净的场所，反省自己的过失，征求臣民的意见，有的皇帝还会下“罪己诏”，公开承认错误，宣布改变政策。
有的虽没有具体措施，却会请求上天千万不要与天下百姓为难，一切罪责由自己担当。
为了通达上天，感动诸神，往往还要在正常的祭祀典礼以外，按需要举办各类额外的祭祀或祈求仪式。
这样做一般不会错，因为皇帝总有失德之处，政府的举措不会十全十美，臣民们平时不敢说的话、不便提的意见也可趁机上达天听。
即使是昏君暴君，在上天的警告面前也不得不有所收敛。
在专制极权体制下，只有这样的机会才能给最高统治者一点警诫。
备战2019年高考语文必刷题第五周第3组(含解析)
第五周第3组阅读下面文字，完成下列小题。
中华文明缘何生命力如此旺盛？主要原因在于中华文化文明的核心精神之一：“礼”。
中华文明实际是在黄河、长江和西辽河流域等地理范围内展开并结成的一个巨大丛体，而凝聚这一丛体的正是“礼”。
“礼”推动中国最终成为文明之邦。
云南元谋县、陕西蓝田县等地的猿人化石可证明从那时起有了中华民族的先祖。
文明的孕育经历了漫长的岁月，新石器时代的考古发现7000多处文化遗址，表明当时已经出现了地方性的多种文化区。
到新时期时代中晚期，中华文明诞生了。
从物质层面表现而言，一是建立在农业和手工业有相当发展的基础之上；二是出现明显的社会阶层分化；三是出现了作为政治、经济、文化中心的城市；四是在这些城市，特别是中心性城市出现大型建筑。
从精神层面表现而言，“礼”贯穿始终。
有学者认为，从红山时代的大巫师到上古时代的尧舜禹汤、文武周公，实际上都是集神权和王权于一身的大巫。
伴随着神权走向王权，巫的祭祀演变为王的仪礼，祭祀礼仪演化出政治典章，原始歌舞演化出文学艺术。
中华文明由此依靠由“礼”衍化出的一整套的政治制度和法律制度等传承至今，并不断袪魅，走向实用理性，成就今天的礼仪之邦。
中华文明在早期生成的过程中，形成于黄河上中下游的三个文化区、形成于长江中下游的两个文化区和燕辽文化区等的接触中，“礼”被延伸，从部落到国家，从家族到民族，因而铸就了中华文明强大的基因。
基因生成后，中华文明至少经历了三次基因大调节，有效发挥了阻遏作用、激活作用。
第一次是秦灭六国之后，由百家争鸣走向文化大一统，自汉武帝起，奠定了实用主义倾向的儒家思想统治模式。
第二次是自西汉末年，佛教传入，与中国儒家、道家融合，至隋唐，儒释道文化奠定了中华文明的基本形态。
第三次是近代以来，西方思想和马克思主义传入，由中国共产党主导，形成了方克立总结的“马魂、中体、西用”的综合创新。
中华文明早期发展过程是从多元到一体，既有中华大地不同文明之间的兼收并蓄，也有对外界文明的兼收并蓄。
每周一测 2019年高考语文一轮复习Word版含解析
1．阅读下面的文字，完成后面的题目。
位置尹全生胡集镇最棒的摄影师早把照相的家伙架好了，镇机关全体人员也都各就各位摆开阵势了，就等市、县领导到位，合影照就可以开拍了。
电话约定的时间是上午九点，这时间已经到了呀。
负责组织照合影的镇文化站站长心里着急，便拨打手机询问。
市文联主席回话说，距胡集镇10公里的地方公路塌方，正在疏通。
消息一传开，本已各就各位的人便“放羊”了。
站长放开嗓子吆喝：“大家都不要远离，要招之即来呀！”他特地嘱咐王夏有：“市、县领导说不准啥时候到，你半步也不要离开这里！”王夏有是这次合影的主角。
他本是国企的下岗工人，托人帮忙才到镇螺丝钉厂打工，电工兼搬运工。
就是这么个小人物，竟然神不知鬼不觉地写了部中篇小说，被国内某权威文学刊物刊发，且该刊物准备推荐其作品参评“鲁迅文学奖”！王夏有用不起手机。
该刊物编辑部急需了解其个人情况，站长说刊物编辑部是乱点鸳鸯谱：胡集镇就这么个屁股大的地方，哪个人能写出较顺溜的广播稿，哪个人曾在市、县报刊上发表过打油诗，站长心里还是有数的；别说胡集镇了，就是县文联的笔杆子们、市里的专业作家们，也没有参评“鲁迅文学奖”的能耐呀！可是一了解，王夏有确有其人；再找到其本人询问，王夏有在某刊物发表中篇小说确有其事！小镇突然冒出了个打工的“文曲星”，这一来动静就闹大了：市、县文联主席及分管领导，一起前来召开座谈会，会前安排了个合影的活动。
过了半点钟了。
又过了半点钟了。
市、县领导还没有来！站长心急火燎的。
他不但要安排照相，又要安排座谈会，还要安排中午会餐、领导午休……因此便交代王夏有继续原地等候，自己则见缝插针，离开照相现场忙活别的事去了。
站长忙完宾馆忙会场，到酒店后为件小事与老板争吵起来。
正吵得天昏地暗时，他的手机响了。
文联主席说市、县领导的车队已经通过塌方地点，马上就到！站长看表已经十一点了，撇下老板冲出酒店，脚跟打屁股奔向照相现场。
站长满头大汗找到市文联主席请示问安，却遭到了一通责怪：“你起初不是说没有王夏有这么个人吗？”站长解释说自己办公室座机有毛病，接听时噪声最少有100分贝，把王夏有误听成“王家牛”了：王夏有是我们文化站多年培养起来的，哪能……这边还没解释完呢，镇长又过来催促，说是座谈会改到下午，现在十一点多了，上级领导该进餐了，马上安排照相吧！站长就扯起嗓子喊：“各就各位啦——”位置座次早上八点就排好了，领导还有王夏有的位置都预留在前排。
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2019高考备考周阅读十三一、成语积累本末倒置颠主次舍本逐末主要丢辨析：这两个成语都有不分主次的意思。
它们的区别在于本末倒置形容把主要的和次要的，重要的和不重要的，本质的和非本质的弄颠倒了。
舍本逐末多比喻办事处理问题抓次要的，不抓主要的。
八面玲珑手腕高面面俱到做周全辨析：这两个成语都有各方面应付得很周到的意思，它们的区别在于八面玲珑多含贬义，偏重于处事手腕圆滑；面面俱到是中性成语，偏重于应付得十分周全。
俾昼作夜为享乐宵衣肝食勤政务辨析：这两个成语的区别在于俾昼作夜指把白天当夜晚，形容日夜颠倒，生活不正常，侧重无限制地享乐；宵衣肝食指天不亮就穿衣服起来，天黑了才吃饭，形容勤于政务，侧重指为国事辛苦。
不足挂齿事情小微不足道意义小微乎其微数量少辨析：这三个成语都可以形容渺小，它们的区别在于不足挂齿多形容事情小，不值得一提，常用作谦辞；微不足道多形容人的力量贡献或事物的价值意义等非常小，不值一提；微乎其微多事容人或事物的数量非常少。
不足挂齿莫再提微不足道贡献小微乎其微数量少辨析：这三个成语都有非常小的意思。
它们的区别在于不足挂齿多用来形容事情小，不值一提，是自谦说法，微不足道多用来形容人的力量、贡献或事物的数量、价值、意义等非常小，不值一提，微乎其微多用来形容人、事物的数量非常少。
沧海桑田世事变白云苍狗人生异辨析：这两个成语都有世事变化巨大的意思。
它们的区别在于沧海桑田多用于形容世事变化巨大；而白云苍狗可以指世事变化巨大，也可以指人生变化无常。
沧海一粟人物小九牛一毛数量微辨析：这两个成语都有非常渺小的意思。
它们的区别在于沧海一粟多比喻极为渺小的人与物，可作谦辞；而九牛一毛多指数与量的渺小，微不足道。
侧目而视心畏惧怒目而视因愤怒刮目相看是景仰辨析：侧目而视和怒目而视都有因愤怒而不满地看人的意思。
但侧目而视有内心畏惧不敢正视的意思；怒目而视是因愤怒而瞪着眼睛看的意思；刮目相看是因为赞叹。
差强人意还可以尽如人意全符合屡试不爽无差错辨析：这三个成语都有使人满意的意思。
但差强人意多用于肯定句，表示比较使人满意；尽如人意多用于否定句，表示完全使人满意；屡试不爽用于肯定句，指多次试验都没有差错。
察言观色听言语察颜观色看表情辨析：这两个成语都有观察对方，揣摩对方心意的意思。
它们的区别在于察言观色是通过观察对方的言语来揣摩其心意，而察颜观色是通过观察对方的神色来揣摩其心意。
二、文言短篇阅读寇准虚心请教初，张咏在成都，闻准入相，谓其僚属曰：“寇公奇材，惜学术不足尔。
”及准出陕，咏适自成都罢还，准严供帐，大为具待。
咏将去，准送之郊，问曰：“何以教准？”咏徐曰：“《霍光传》不可不读也。
”准莫喻其意，归，取其传读之，至“不学无术”，笑曰：“此张公谓我矣。
”——选自《宋史寇准传》）【注释】 1.入相：当了宰相。
2.僚属：下属的官。
3.罢还：免去官职归来；罢：被免官、停职。
4.严：这里作尊敬解。
寇准很恭敬地为张咏供设帷帐 5.大为具待：盛情款待；具待：准备接待；具：备办；待：接待。
6.徐：慢慢地。
7.霍光：西汉大臣，是西汉名将霍去病的异母之弟。
《霍光传》出自《汉书》。
8.莫谕：不明白。
谕：了解、明白常见字解析：属属本义:连接，，亦特指种类。
如：忠之属也,可以一战（《左传·庄公十年》）；土地平旷,屋舍俨然,有良田美池桑竹之属（晋·陶渊明《桃花源记》）。
引申为：1、侪辈。
指同一类人。
如：若属皆且为所虏（《史记·项羽本纪》）。
2、官属;部属。
如：六卿分职各率其属（《书·周官》）；又如:属名(南北朝时,壮丁为了逃避繁苛的赋役,多投身于豪门势族为附隶,称为属名);属别(下属的类别);属官(属下的官吏);属佐(指下属佐助人员);属役(仆役,佣人);属部(部下,部属) 。
3、归属;隶属。
如：十三学得琵琶成,名属教坊第一部（唐·白居易《琵琶行(并序)》）；又如:属邦(附属国);属心(诚心归附);属车(随从的车辆。
也称副车);属城(隶属的县城);属妇(指妾);属僚(属下,部下) 。
4、继续;连接。
如：亡国破家相随属（《史记·屈原贾生列传》）；冠盖相属（《史记·魏公子列传》）；常有高猿长啸,属引凄异（《水经注·江水》）；又如:属引(连续不断); 2016年高考上海卷：博学能属文，美须眉，善谈论 (连缀字句为文章)。
5、缀辑;撰写。
如：屈平属草稿未定（《史记·屈原贾生列传》）；又如:属辞(撰写诗文。
属咏);属书(著作);属对(诗文对仗);属缀(著作);属稿(起草文稿);属诗(作诗) 6、通“嘱”。
托付;委托。
如：属予作文以记之（宋·范仲淹《岳阳楼记》）；又如: 时方行方田②令，即以其事属之（2014年高考福建卷）。
7、叮嘱;告诫。
后作“嘱”。
如：属儿善藏之,勿遣俗子见（陆游《北窗试笔》）。
8、跟随。
如：项王渡淮,骑能属者百余人耳（《史记·项羽本纪》）。
成语助记属人耳目：集中在一点。
指引人注意。
龙兴云属：《易·干》：“云从龙，风从虎。
”后遂以“龙兴云属”喻王者兴起则必遇贤臣良将。
貂狗相属：指真伪或优劣混杂在一起。
波骇云属：犹波属云委。
比喻连续不断，层见迭出。
属毛离里zhǔ máo lí lǐ：比喻子女与父母关系的密切。
属垣有耳：有人靠着墙偷听。
属辞比事：原指连缀文辞，排比事实，记载历史。
后泛称作文纪事。
三、诗歌赏读晚次乐乡县唐代：陈子昂故乡杳无际，日暮且孤征。
川原迷旧国，道路入边城。
野戍荒烟断，深山古木平。
如何此时恨，噭噭夜猿鸣。
“野戍荒烟断，深山古木平”这一联为我们展现了一幅典型的孤征日暮图。
夜色降临，诗人放眼四围：入城前见到过的野外戍楼上的缕缕荒烟，这时已在视野中消失；深山上参差不齐的林木，看上去也模糊一片。
以“烟断”、“木平”写夜色的浓重，极为逼真。
烟非自断，而是被夜色遮断；木非真平，而是被夜色荡平。
尤其是一个“平”字，用得出神入化。
颈联这两句的精彩处还在于，在写景的同时，又将诗人的乡愁剥进了一层。
“野戍荒烟”与“深山古木”，原是孤征道路上的一点可怜的安慰，这时就要全部被夜色所吞没，不用说，随着夜的降临，诗人的乡情也愈来愈浓重了。
四、聚焦时代美食是一种“世界语言”来源：人民日报作者：李强用酱油炒面，盖一块金黄的炸肉排，再浇上酸甜汁……在奥地利维也纳街头的不少中式快餐店，这种奇特的组合成为当地人追捧的“中国美食”。
“专门给外国人吃的，完全不是正宗的中餐”，当地华人如此评价。
这样的判断不无道理。
炸肉排是维也纳的传统菜肴，面条则来自意大利，如此迎合当地口味的“创新”，在一些人看来可能会影响中餐在海外的形象，不利于传播中国文化。
然而，许多看似“非正宗”中餐，早已在全球落地生根。
当部分人还在感叹本国饮食文化“养在深闺人未识”，“非正宗”中餐却能广为流传、备受好评，其间的反差，值得思量。
“墙‘外’开花墙外香”的现象，并非中餐所独有。
墨西哥人同样会觉得，风行世界的美式墨西哥卷饼乏味无趣；土耳其人则会吐槽，走红欧亚的土耳其烤肉很不像样；意大利人甚至还成立了一个“正宗那不勒斯披萨委员会”，对世界各地的改良披萨颇有微词。
但倘若如上述委员会宣称的那样，用意大利面粉、圣马萨诺番茄和坎帕尼亚水牛淡奶酪做出来的披萨，才算正宗，那披萨恐怕也无法走遍世界，成为世人皆知的意大利美食了。
这或许可以说明，味蕾和肠胃的满足感，会随着风土的变化而调整；漂洋过海的传统美食，不得不面临转化和发展的考题——我们认为好的东西，在对方看来可能未必；要让人接受，菜品自然要根据当地的情况加以改良。
所以，当我们尝试将饮食作为文化名片推向全球时，除了基于个人体验的推荐，或许更需要考虑，如何使其成为一种“世界语言”。
由此不难理解“非正宗”美食的演变，内里暗含了文化交流、文化融合的密码。
上世纪70年代，加拿大的日本厨师用牛油果代替当地人不习惯的生鲜鱼，并用反卷的方式，把“卖相不佳”的海苔隐藏起来，发明了加州寿司卷。
这起初并不被日本本土认同，没想到却在北美大受欢迎，很多西方人因此开始尝试更多所谓正宗的日本料理。
可见，不管是哪个国家的美食，既然走出了国门，那么关于美味的定义，就会随着地域、口味的变化而改变。
这不是对传统的偏离，相反，正是在与当地文化逐渐融合的过程中，传统美食得以超越地理局限，焕发新的光彩。
2016年，美国纽约举办了一场名为“酸甜苦辣：中餐旅美记”的特展。
记得有份半个世纪前的中餐馆菜单，第一页居然写的是牛排、汉堡和三明治。
如今，很多海外中餐馆不再需要供应牛排、汉堡；而新一代的华裔厨师，正从中国文化中不断寻求灵感，创新出一大批中西融合菜，这当然是一种进步。
诚如策展人所言，中式小吃店一直是华人在新家园建立新生活的基石，“它承载的不仅仅是几道菜肴，而是华人在美国落脚、扎根、开枝散叶的历程。
”只有读懂了美食背后的故事，我们才能更具体地理解“酸甜苦辣”不同配比的深层含义。
这里面有味觉的调整平衡，有人生的千滋百味，更有文明的交流互鉴。
五、美文品读巡山艾克拜尔·米吉提他看到了那顶毡房穹顶般硕大的犄角，在那里纹丝不动。
居然是在那并不险峻的山脊上。
他极目望去，竟是一头岩羊卧在一块大圆石上。
按说，那不该是岩羊歇脚之处。
以它天生机敏，此时它应该有所动作才对。
但是，不知怎的，貌似全然无知，一动不动。
这引起了他足够的好奇。
自从持枪证和猎枪一同被收缴，他再没有触及过岩羊的皮毛。
岩羊已列入国家二级保护动物，猎获它是要犯罪的。
当然，在这天山深处，所有的野兽和动物都有保护等级。
这一点，他心里了如指掌。
这些年来，他只保留了一个习惯，每到初秋，都要到这山上走走，哪怕是看一眼那些野物。
他自己将此称为巡山。
现在山上的野物越来越多了。
有时候成群的野猪会趁着夜色跑到牧人营盘附近，将草地翻拱一番兴冲冲地离去，压根不理会牧羊犬凶猛的吠声。
肥嘟嘟的旱獭也会在光天化日之下昂然走过车路饮水上山。
有一回走在山林里，不经意间一抬头，在树杈上见到了狸猫，那家伙没有丝毫的怯意，两眼直视着自己，闪着幽幽的光。
狼和狐狸他也常见。
有一次，一只狼叼着一只黑花羊从公路旁高高的铁丝网上纵身腾跃而去，全然不顾飞驰的汽车，横切公路越过另一道铁丝网，在公路另一侧的草原上，朝着那条山梁奔去，估计它的窝就在那边，小狼崽们或许正在耐心等待它满载而归。
他终于从山坳登上了山脊。
那只岩羊还在，几乎在那个大圆石上一动不动。
他有些迟疑。
这是他此生见到的最不可思议的情景。
一只岩羊，居然还会等着他登上山脊。
按说以岩羊的机警，早就应该逃之夭夭。
他下了马，将坐骑用马绊子绊好，向着大圆石走去。
岩羊依然没动。
他的心有点缩紧——太奇怪了！真是匪夷所思！那只岩羊丝毫没有逃跑的意思。
山脊的风很强劲，呼啦啦地吹着，秋黄的草被风撩起一阵阵草浪簌簌作响。