精选最新大学英语四级语法精要：动名词的形式

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动名词的构成形式

动作尚未发生1rememberforgetregretdo动作尚未发生doing动作已经发生do设法努力去做尽力doing试试去做看有何结果do打算做主语一般是人doing意味着主语一般是物4regretdo对将要做的事抱歉doing对已经发生的事感到后悔do动作尚未发生doing动作已经发生do设法努力去做尽力doing试试去做看有何结果do打算做主语一般是人doing意味着主语一般是物4regretdo对将要做的事抱歉doing对已经发生的事感到后悔do停下去做另外一件事doing停止做手头的事情yourtaskwindows
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
动名词的几个注意事项
１）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构 Would you mind _____（我开窗户吗）？ Would you mind my / me opening the window? my/ me 称为动名词的逻辑主语． I can’t understand Jack /Jack’s leaving his wife. I can’t understand his/him leaving his wife. Jack’s/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable. 动名词的逻辑主语＋动名词＝动名词的复合结构
to do 动作尚未发生 1．remember/forget/ regret
doing 动作已经发生
to do 设法、努力去做，尽力 2. try
doing 试试去做（看有何结果）
to do 打算做（主语一般是人） 3. mean

动名词用法详细讲解解析

Grammar
动词-ing形式
一. 含义
动词的-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，不能单独充当谓语。
二. 构成
1.构成: 动词原形+-ing 2.规则: ①一般情况，直接+ing; ②以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing;
③以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing;
④以ie结尾，变ie为y，+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying.
1.It’s a waste of time thinking hard about the past.
2.The book is worth reading. 3.There is no harm in doing so.
2.以下动词须用doing 做宾语
Consider考虑 admit承认 practice实践 enjoy享受 mind介意 permit承诺
成分主语
宾语
表语
定语
形式
动名词
√√
√√
现在分词 × × √
√
状语
宾补
×× √√
1.Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. ( _主_ 语)
2.She likes playing the piano . ( _宾_ 语)
3.As far as I know , his hobby is collecting stamps. ( _表_ 语)
考虑完成不耽搁 consider, finish, delay
喜欢设想不介意 fancy, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, mind
面对坚持不放弃 face, insist on, give up

动名词的用法详解

动名词的用法详解今日给大家带来动名词的用法详解，我们一起来学习吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

英语语法：动名词的用法详解动名词因同时拥有动词和名词两者的特点而拥有及其丰富的用法，娴熟的把握这些用法不仅可以使口语表达更地道生动，也能在写作中增分添彩。

动名词主要有四种用法，做主语，作宾语，作表语，作定语，每种用法下又分小类别，是一个特别简单浩大的系统，学习者们往往会理不清脉络，今日我就为大家带来动名词的用法讲解。

一.作主语1.直接位于句首eg.Swimming is a good sport in summer.2.用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

eg.It is no use telling him not to worry..mportant，essential，necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。

3.用于“There be”结构中eg.There is no saying when hell come.4.动名词的复合结构作主语: 当动名词有自己的规律主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的全部格，构成动名词的复合结构,动名词疑问句通常使用这种结构做主语eg.Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Does your saying that mean anything to him?二.作宾语1.作动词的宾语某些动词后消失非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。

不定式通常指某种特定的动作，但动名词表示泛指，常见的此类动词有：admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,f inish,give up,cannot help,imagine,include,keep,understand,keepon,mind,report,risk,miss,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,feel like,be used to,get used to,devote…to…，look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,escape and so on.eg.They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们连续走，说个不停。

语法动名词分词解析

第二节动名词动名词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，其构成法与现在分词一样。

动名词既有动词性质又有名词性质。

动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语等。

一、动名词的形式动名词的形式如下表：二、动名词的功用1.动名词作主语动名词可位于句首，用作主语，表示一般概念，强调习惯性动作。

例1：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。

Saving is having. 节约就是收入。

1：Finding a job in such a big company has always been his wildest dreams.A)under B)over C)above D)beyondbeyond意为“超出，出乎，为…所不能及”。

全句意思是：在这样一个大公司找到工作一直是他不敢想象的。

D注：在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语，将用作真实主语的动名词放在句末。

it is后可接no use，no good，fun等名词，也可接useless，nice，good，interesting等形容词。

例1：It's great fun sailing a boat. 扬帆驾舟是十分有趣的。

例2：It's good hearing English spoken. 听到人讲英语，我很高兴。

1：There is no use over spilt milk.A)of being crying B)cryingC)to cry D)if you will cryIt is no use或There is no use结构中都应用动名词。

全句意思是：木已成舟，后悔无益。

B It's no use me not to worry.A)you tell B)your telling C)for you to have told D)having toldIt's no use(good) doing something 是口语常用的一种句型。

英语中的动名词解释

英语中的动名词解释动名词是英语中的一种特殊形式，它兼具动词和名词的特点。

在语法上，动名词可以作为主语、宾语、补语、介词宾语等，具有多种用途和作用。

本文将从动名词的形式、用法以及与其他词性的区别等方面进行解释，帮助读者更好地理解和运用动名词。

一、动名词的形式动名词的形式一般与动词的现在分词相同，即动词的-ing形式。

例如，动词"run"的动名词形式为"running"，而动词"play"的动名词形式为"playing"。

动名词和动词的现在分词形式相同，但在用法上有明显区别。

二、动名词的用法1. 作主语动名词可以作为句子的主语，表达一种抽象的行为或状态。

例如，"Reading books is my favorite hobby"（阅读书籍是我最喜欢的爱好）中的"reading books"就是动名词作为主语。

2. 作宾语动名词可以作及物动词的宾语，表示一种行为或动作。

例如，"I enjoy playing soccer with my friends"（我喜欢和朋友们一起踢足球）中的"playing soccer"就是动名词作为宾语。

3. 作补语动名词可以作某些动词后面的补语，进一步说明或补充该动词的含义。

例如，"I find swimming in the sea very relaxing"（我发现在海里游泳非常放松）中的"swimming in the sea"就是动名词作为补语。

4. 作介词宾语有些介词后面需要使用动名词作为宾语。

例如，"I am interested in learning new languages"（我对学习新语言感兴趣）中的"learning new languages"就是动名词作为介词"in"的宾语。

英语四级常考的语法讲义知识点

英语四级常考的语法讲义知识点2009-06-30 15:23【加入收藏夹】四级语法讲义一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。

谓语动词的时态见下表：1．主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /完成had donehave/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doing have/has been doing / /2．被动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / /完成had been given have/has been given will/shall have been givenshould/would have been given完成进行/ / /CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。

v 时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

英语专业四级考试必考语法6-动名词

Gerund动名词非谓语动词•英语中，不作句子的谓语，而是用于担任其它语法功能的v ，叫非谓语动词，它不受主语人称、数等因素的限定，又被称作非限定动词。

•三大非谓语动词：动名词，分词和不定式。

动名词的语法功能•作主语•Seeing is believing.•Listening to music is one of my hobbies.•Studying abroad has many advantages.•Getting to know the world is what the future society requires of us.习惯用法• A. I t i s n o u s e/g o o d/h a r m+V i n g.It is no use quarreling with her.It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.• B. T h e r e i s n o+V i n g.There is no denying (the fact) that women are playing an important role in the world today.There is no joking about this matter. 这事开不得玩笑。

作表语•作表语•My favorite pastime is collecting stamps.•Her hobby is swimming and cycling.•One of the good virtues of a young person is being punctual.•My job is teaching.•One of the most difficult tasks you may encounter is learning a foreign language.作动词宾语•作动词宾语•She enjoys listening to rock music.•We appreciate your offering to help.•We must avoid making such mistakes again.•People who like travelling have their reasons.跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase•常见的能跟动名词作宾语的v.及v. phrase:•admit, appreciate, avoid, confess to, consider, delay, deny, endure(忍耐), enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy(想象), finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, risk, can't help, feel like, give up, keep out, object to (反对), oppose, put off(推迟).•注意：动名词作宾语后面带有补语，一般不用形式宾语it。

动名词用法详解

❖ What can prevent us (from) getting married? ❖ 有什么能阻止我们结婚？
2）动名词可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语, 在句中作状语。
❖ He left ahead of time without saying a word. ❖ 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。 ❖ Besides cooking and sewing, she had to take care of four
二.以不发音的e 结尾的去e + -ing e – coming 来 2.dance - dancing 跳舞 3.close - closing 关 4.make – making 制造 5.ride – riding 骑 6.write - writing 写 7.take - taking 拿走 8.phone - phoning 打电话 9.dance-dancing跳舞 9.move – moving 移动搬 10.have – having 有 11.leave-leaving 12.wake-waking
❖（拒绝, 否认） consi（de考r 虑）等。。
❖ Msuamnympeer.op夏le季e，nj很oy多_人__s喜_u_n欢_b_在a_th_沙(ins滩ugn日b光at浴he。) on the beach in
❖ I suggest _____ (do) it in a different way. ❖ 我建议用另d一oi种ng方法做这件事。
动名词特点:
❖ 1、动：它是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征 ------能带自己的宾语、状语等，这时叫动名词短语；

动名词的三种形式

动名词的三种形式动名词是英语语法中一种十分重要的形式，它可以用来表示动作的进行，同时也可以作为名词使用。

动名词的形式有三种，分别是基本形式、完成式和被动式，下面将对这三种形式进行详细介绍。

第一种形式为基本形式，这种形式在语法中也称为现在分词，它的构成是在动词后面加上 -ing，比如说 run 变成了 running。

在使用时，基本形式可以表示正在进行的动作，比如 The children are playing in the garden.（孩子们正在花园里玩耍。

）除此之外，基本形式还可以作为名词使用，例如 Swimming is good for your health.（游泳对健康有好处。

）第二种形式为完成式，这种形式在语法中也称为过去分词，它的构成是将动词的过去式加上了 -ed，比如说 work 变成了 worked。

在使用时，完成式可以表示已经完成的动作，比如 I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了我的作业。

）此外，完成式还可以作为形容词使用，例如 The teacher is pleased with the students' finished projects.（老师对学生完成的项目感到满意。

）第三种形式为被动式，这种形式在语法中也称为被动语态，它的构成是将 be 动词加上动词的过去分词，比如说 be cleaned。

在使用时，被动式强调的是动作的承受者，而不是执行者，比如 The window was broken by the wind.（窗户被风弄坏了。

）被动式也可以用来表示一种主动的意义，例如 The company is doing research on new products.（这个公司正在研究新产品。

）总之，动名词在英语语法中是一种十分灵活的形式，它可以用来表示进行中的动作，已经完成的动作，或者强调动作的承受者。

在实际使用中，我们需要根据语境和需要灵活掌握这三种形式，从而达到更好的表达效果。

英语专业四级分词与动名词等简要用法浓缩版

分词、动名词、独立主格结构等简要用法1、分词用法如下分词作状语，一般直接出现在开头，后面加句子。

a)主动结构做状语，前面状语隐含主语与后面句子主语一致。

(Not)Being a student/sick/in the room,加句子(Being sick, he feels sad.)(Not)Having been a student/sick/in the room, 加句子( Having been sick, he stays at home.)(Not)Doing, 加句子(Smiling, he came into the room.) (Not)Having done,加句子(Having finished his homework, he returned home.)He came in, smiling.(本句子中的状语smiling放在后面而不是前面)b)被动结构做状语，前面状语隐含主语与后面句子主语一致。

(Not)Done,加句子(Written, the letter was put on the table.)(Not)Being done,加句子(Being written, the letter hasn’t been finished yet.)(Not)Having been done,加句子(Having been written, the letter is put on the table.)He came in, excited(本句子中的状语excited放在后面而不是前面).c)分词作定语The letter (which was )written yesterday is on the table The letter (which is) being written now is on the table. The letter (which is )to be written tomorrow is on the table.The man who has survived(having survived ) the earthquake is my friend.The man (who is )dancing here now is my friend.2. 独立主格结构a)主动形式的独立主格结构名词/代词+being a student/sick/in the room,加句子(He/Mary being sick, he feels sad.)名词/代词+having been a student/sick/in the room, 加句子( He/Mary having been sick, he stays at home.)名词/代词+doing, 加句子(He/Mary Smiling, Peter came into the room.)名词/代词+having done,加句子(He/Mary having finished his homework, he returned home.)b)被动形式的独立主格结构名词/代词+done,加句子(He/Mary punished, he feels sad.)名词/代词+being done,加句子(He/Mary being punished, he feels sad.)名词/代词+having been done,加句子(He/Mary having been punished, he feels sad.)3. 动名词，顾名思义，具有名词属性，做主语或宾语，做宾语时要么做动词宾语，要么做介词宾语。

英语动名词专题知识

英语动名词专题知识英语动名词专题知识动名词即具有动作特征的名词。

今天我们一起来学习与之相关的一些知识。

一）动名词的种类：1）是名词，例：Seeing is believing.2）具有动词性特征可以带宾语，例：Starving troops is necessary.二）动名词的形式：一般形式：I don't like you smoking.完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式：This question is far from being settled.三）动名词常考的点：1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数2）在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词3）动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的`宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例：I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling （Key：C；换成your calling也对）4）有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...5）另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...6）有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意义截然不容。

大学英语四级语法

I’ve heard tell of him.
（听说、听到）
d) 在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式. Can I help (to) lift this heavy box
e) 在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to. There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining. Smith will do anything but work on a farm. There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
/
过去将来 should/would do
/
should/would have done 用于虚
拟语气 /
过去
现在
将来
过去将来
一般
was/were given am/is/are given
will/shall be given
should/would be given
进行
was/were being am/is/are being given
动名词
具有动作性特征的名词 1)是名词 seeing is believing 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语
一)动名词的形式:
一般形式：I don't like you smoking. 完成形式：I regret not having taken your
advice. 被动形式：This question is far from being
c) 在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式. John let fly a torrent of abuse at me. （一顿咒骂）

英语四级语法总结(全)

英语四级语法总结（全）一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。

谓语动词的时态见下表：1．主动形式2．被动形式❖CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。

❖时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）❖感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。

英语4级备考资料

一、大学英语四级常考语法点（虚拟语气和倒装）1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法条件从句中的谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反V.-ed(be→ were)Would/should/could/might +v.与过去事实相反Had doneWould/should/could/might + have done与将来事实相反v.-ed (be → were)/Should + v./were to +v.Would/should/could/might +v.2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句1）Conditional Sentences of Mixed Time （错综时间条件句）：If you had taken her advice, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.（if从句说的是与过去事实相反，主句说的是与现在事实相反）If it hadn’t been for the doctors’ care, I wouldn’t be speaking to you now.注：如果if 从句中的谓语动词是had, should, were,可以省掉if, 分别把这三个词提前，其余成分保持不变。

如：上述第二句had it not been for the…2) Sentences of Implied Condition （含蓄条件句）：(由but, otherwise等一些词引导)But for my money that woman would have persecuted him.I would have written before but I have been ill.In the old days she would have argued.Given more time and money, he would have done better than what it is.Electronic computers must be made very small. Otherwise it would be impossible for them to be put in a satellite.3. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用1）在宾语从句中的运用A. wish后的宾语从句：（往前面推一个时态）用过去式表示现在情况：I wish I knew what was going to happen.I wish I could help you.用过去完成时表示过去的情况：My father wishes that he had gone to university. （不看wish这个单词本身的时态，看整个句子暗示的发生时间，再往前面推一个时态）注：间或用would构成谓语：I wish you wouldn’t be so noisy.B. would rather/sooner; had better; suppose后的宾语从句（that引导，that可以省掉）I would rather you told me the truth.I’d sooner you didn’t ask me that question.I had better you did it.Suppose her father turned her out of doors!C.用在某些动词后的宾语从句：suggest,（建议用虚拟，暗示不用） demand, insist,（坚持要求用虚拟，坚持认为不用） ask, propose, urge, vote, request, command, desire, move, order, recommend, require,decree, intend, petition, decide, direct + that + (should) + v.He suggested that a petition (should) be drawn up.His pale face suggested that he was ill.He insisted that he (should) be sent because he insisted that he was innocent.2)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用Advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper和一些表示感情色彩的形容词unfair, dreadful, strange, surprising, natural, unthinkable, unbelievable. （should加动词原形，should可以省掉）It is essential that all the facts be examined first.It is necessary that he come back without delay.3)用在表语从句和同位语从句中：（就是上面的一些形容词、动词转化为名词）Sophia’s idea was that they (should) lock up the house.The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.4)用在状语从句中：A. As if/as though（往前面推一个时态）表示现在的情况用过去式：I remember it vividly as though it were tonight.He behaves as if he owned the place.表示过去的情况用过去完成时：He talked about Rome as though he had been there himself.B.目的状语从句Lest, in order that, so that, for fear that, in caseHe hurried on, lest she should meet him again.5）用在It’s (high) time后的定语从句中（可以用should加动词原形）It’s high time we went.It’s time we ordered dinner.Inversion状语前置常引起倒装1.Full Inversion: 整个谓语位于主语之前a. 当句首状语为方位词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动态动词时。

英语四级语法动名词

动名词1.1 动名词的基本形式：1.2 动名词作宾语例：Would you mind waiting for me? (动词宾语)We are very busy in making preparation for the exam.（介词宾语）在一些动词后必须接动名词: avoid, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, mind, miss, postpone, resist, risk, suggest, finish, keep, can’t help, give up, insist on, be used to等练习:1. That young man still denies __ the firebehind the store.A) start B) having startedC) to start D) to have started2. Daniel suggested __________ to the cinema.A) go B) going C) to go D) that goB B1.3 固定结构中动名词的用法object to doing, have objection to doing, look forward to doing, be worth doing, be busy doing, can’t help doing, have difficulty/trouble in doing, spend +money/time (in), prevent sb from doing, it is no good(no use) doing, there is no point in doing .例：He has no trouble in writing English letter. 练习1. It is no use__ me not to worry.A) you tellB) your tellingC) for you to have toldD) having told2. You can’t help _________ commercials. Every few minutes the programme is interrupted ______ you one advertising sth or other.A) to hear B) to be heard, given C) with hearing, giving D) hearing, to give B D动名词的复合结构“物主代词或名词所有格+动名词”构成动名词的复合结构。

(word完整版)英语四级考试重点语法精选汇总,推荐文档

大学英语四级语法精要一、动词(时态，语态，用法，省略，一致性等)（一）时态1、主动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /完成had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气完成进行had been doing have/has been doing / /2、被动形式过去现在将来过去将来一般was/were given am/is/are given Will / shall begiven should/would be given进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / /完成was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成进行/ / / /· CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。

·时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成3(have/has + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.· I’ve been writing letters for an hour. I’ve bee n sitting in the garden.4、过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作· We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.5、将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.· By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.6、将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.· I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.（二）语态1、可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:· He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.·能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”，“相信”等意义的动词，常见的有：assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。

《动名词》讲义

《动名词》讲义一、什么是动名词动名词，顾名思义，是一种具有动词特征和名词性质的词汇形式。

从动词的角度看，它保留了动词的动作意味；从名词的角度讲，它又能在句子中充当名词所能充当的成分。

简单来说，动名词就是由动词原形加 ing 构成的一种非谓语形式。

例如，“swim”（游泳）这个动词，变成动名词就是“swimming”。

二、动名词的形式动名词有一般形式和完成形式之分。

一般形式就是我们常见的“动词原形＋ing”，如“reading”（阅读）、“writing”（写作）。

完成形式则是“having ＋过去分词”，比如“having studied”（已经学习）。

此外，动名词还有被动形式，即“being ＋过去分词”，像“being criticized”（正在被批评）。

三、动名词的句法功能动名词在句子中能充当多种成分，这是它的重要特点之一。

1、作主语动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：“Swimming is my favorite sport”（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

）2、作宾语常见的动词如“enjoy”（喜欢）、“finish”（完成）、“practise”（练习）等后接动名词作宾语。

比如：“I enjoy reading novels”（我喜欢读小说。

）3、作表语动名词作表语，用来表示主语的内容。

例如：“His hobby is collecting stamps”（他的爱好是集邮。

）4、作定语动名词作定语时，表示所修饰名词的用途。

比如：“a swimming pool”（游泳池）、“a reading room”（阅览室）。

四、动名词与现在分词的区别这是很多学习者容易混淆的地方。

虽然它们的形式相同，但在用法上有明显的不同。

现在分词主要表示主动和进行的动作，在句中作定语、状语、宾语补足语等。

而动名词主要表示功能、用途、性质等。

例如：“The running man is my brother”（正在跑的那个人是我兄弟。

动名词的构成与在句子中的位置

动名词的构成与在句子中的位置动名词（Gerund）是一种特殊的动词形式，它以-ing结尾并且具有名词的功能。

动名词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语，或作为短语动词的一部分。

本文将详细介绍动名词的构成方式以及它在句子中的不同位置。

一、动名词的构成方式动名词的构成非常简单，只需要在动词的原形后面加上-ing即可。

例如：eat（吃）→ eating（吃东西）、swim（游泳）→ swimming（游泳）。

动名词可以与不定式有很多相似之处，但也有一些区别。

动名词通常表示正在进行的动作或一种习惯性的动作，而不定式则更具有一般性。

例如：- 动名词：I enjoy swimming in the ocean.（我喜欢在海里游泳。

）- 不定式：I want to swim in the ocean.（我想在海里游泳。

）动名词也可以带有副词，形容词或冠词等修饰。

例如：She loves her morning jogging routine.（她喜欢早晨慢跑的习惯。

）二、动名词作为主语动名词可以作为句子的主语，常常出现在句首。

例如：- Dancing is my favorite hobby.（跳舞是我最喜欢的爱好。

）- Running every day keeps me healthy.（每天跑步让我保持健康。

）动名词作为主语可以表达一种习惯性的动作、一种爱好或一种经常发生的事情。

三、动名词作为宾语动名词也可以作为句子的宾语，接在一个动词后面。

例如：- I enjoy reading books in my free time.（我喜欢在闲暇时间读书。

）- He hates doing the housework.（他讨厌做家务。

）动名词作为宾语可以表示一种习惯性的动作或一种个人喜好。

四、动名词作为介词宾语动名词还可以作为介词的宾语。

常用的介词有：for、with、about、before、after、on、at等。

英语四级考试语法---词性,虚拟语气,句型结构

英语四级考试语法精讲时态 1．主动形式 2．被动形式CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。

时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的过去现在将来过去将来一般did do will/shall do should/would do 进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/wouldhave done 用于虚拟语气完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing //过去现在将来过去将来一般was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/wouldhave been given完成进行 // /3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

大学英语四级语法精要：动名词的形式

大学英语四级语法精要：动名词的形式v+ing形式(现在分词及动名词)形式完成式: 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生, 通常用动名词的完成形式.he didn’t mention having met me.i regret not having taken her advice.在某些动词后(或成语中), 常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式, 尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.excuse me for coming late.i don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere.现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中, 表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.另外, 独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.the guests having left, they resumed their discussion.the children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.被动式: 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时, 动名词一般要用被动形式.his being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.he couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等动词后, 尽管表示的是被动的意思, 却用动名词的主动形式.my pen needs filling.the point deserves mentioning.this problem requires studying with great care.在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.her method is worth trying.现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语, 宾语补足语, 状语及用于独立结构中.this is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.you’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.these are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers.完成被动式: 如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生, 有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.i don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式, 而用一般被动形式代替, 以免句子显得累赘.现在分词的完成被动式一般用来作状语或用于独立结构中.having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?the decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.。