玛雅中英文对照(全)
maya中英文对照表 书
Maya 中英文对照表书Maya 英文字母中文含义A 爱、美丽B 摇摆舞、舞蹈C 丛林、森林D 黎明、曙光E 大地、土地F 火焰、火G 大、巨大H 天空、蓝天I 日光、阳光J 鸟、小鸟K 蛇、蚂蚁L 水、湖泊M 山、高地N 河、溪流Maya文明是古代中美洲最为辉煌的文明之一。
在大约1700年前的兴起到900年前的衰落，它构成了古代传统以及现代印第安人文化的一部分。
Maya人使用一种独特的象形文字来记录他们的历史、宗教信仰、科学知识和其他重要内容。
这些象形文字被刻在石碑、壁画和陶器上，为后世留下了丰富的遗产。
如今，学者们努力研究这些文字，解码Maya人的文化和生活。
为了帮助人们更好地理解Maya象形文字，一本名为《Maya 中英文对照表书》应运而生。
这本书以中英文对照的方式，逐个介绍了Maya文字中的每一个字母，并列出了其对应的中文含义。
在《Maya 中英文对照表书》中，字母A代表着“爱”和“美丽”。
这反映了Maya人对于美的追求和对爱的重视。
字母B代表着“摇摆舞”和“舞蹈”，揭示了Maya人喜爱舞蹈和音乐的特点。
字母C代表着“丛林”和“森林”，展现了Maya人与大自然的紧密联系。
字母D代表着“黎明”和“曙光”，传达了Maya人对新的开始和希望的追求。
字母E代表着“大地”和“土地”，表达了Maya人对于土地的尊重和感恩之情。
字母F 代表着“火焰”和“火”，象征着Maya人对于火的崇拜和利用。
字母G代表着“大”和“巨大”，显露出Maya人对于宏伟事物的崇敬。
字母H代表着“天空”和“蓝天”，彰显了Maya人对于自由和宇宙的向往。
字母I代表着“日光”和“阳光”，展示了Maya人对于光明和温暖的向往。
字母J代表着“鸟”和“小鸟”，传达了Maya人对于自由飞翔和天空的喜爱。
字母K代表着“蛇”和“蚂蚁”，暗示Maya人对于大自然中小生物的重视和尊敬。
字母L代表着“水”和“湖泊”，表达了Maya人对水资源的依赖和珍视。
(完整版)玛雅金字塔(英文介绍中文翻译)
Mayan Pyramids in Mexico 南美丛林中的玛雅金字塔.By Murrant Rotz金今选译难度等级：mediumDeep within the jungles of Mexicoand Guatemala and extendinginto the Yucatan peninsula lie themysterious temples and Mayanpyramids. The Maya pyramidswere chosen as one of the sevenNew Wonders of the World not only for their magnificent physical presence but also for the intellectual achievements of the people.While Europe was still in the midst of the Dark Ages , these amazing people were masters of mathematics. They invented the calendars we use today. Without metal tools, beasts of burden or even the wheel they were able to construct vast cities across a huge jungle landscape with an amazing degree of architectural perfection and variety.The Maya were noted as well for elaborate and highly decorated ceremonial architecture, including temple-pyramids, palaces and observatories, all built without metal tools. The ancient Mayans built two types of pyramids, those that were meant to be climbed and those that were not. The first type was used for holding sacrificial rituals. The other type was not meant to be touched and was sacred. The steps on these structures were too steep to climb and many times they had doorways leading to nowhere. Among the most famous of the Mayan Pyramids are those at Chichen Itza .Most of these Mayan pyramids had a platform on the top on which was constructed a smaller building, dedicated to any of the Mayan deities. When the priests or kings performed their rituals, they ascended the pyramid on staircases, which symbolized rising from the earth to the heavens, since they started from the ground level right up to the temple on top. While some pyramids had two staircases, on either side, others had four, one on each side.Certain Mayan pyramid-like constructions were also built as burial places for rulers, containing burial chambers within these giant structures, which usually contained treasures like jade. According to some historians, one of the reasons the Mayan pyramids were built so high was that they served as landmarks for the Mayan people, since the tops protruded from the jungle. Also, they served to remind the populace that the gods were always present. Since they were excellent astronomers, some think that they also used their pyramid structures as observatories.Mayan pyramids, in fact, were built in a wide variety of forms to serve a wide variety of functions, apart from religious ones, according to the customs of each region as well as period.一片神秘的庙宇和玛雅金字塔群坐落在墨西哥和危地马拉丛林深处，并一直延伸到尤卡坦半岛。
产品品牌中英文明细1
英文 Samsung AOC BenQ LG Philips Great Wall Acer ViewSonic Dell KTC Asus MAG Haier Hanns.G TCL Sony Aigo Envision Hasee Hedy Mar Jinli NEC Sawink Topview Unibit
PRT(包括LBP、MFP、耗材) 英文 中文 Samsung 三星 HP 惠普 Lenovo 联想 FujiXerox 富士施乐 Brother 兄弟 Canon 佳能 Epson 爱普生 Ricoh 理光 Sharp 夏普 Xerox 施乐 Founder 方正 Dell 戴尔 KonicaMinolta 柯尼卡美能达 Lenovo 联想 Lexmark 利盟 Minolta 美能达 Print-Rite 天威 OKI OKI SANYO 三洋 Panasonic 松下 Panasonic 松下 Jolimark 映美 Tongfang 同方（清华同方） CJT 枫叶 BenQ 明基 Fujitsu 富士通 Konica 柯尼卡 Star 实达 G&G 格之格 SVA 上广电 Haier 海尔 Hasee 神舟 iRiver 艾利 Toshiba 东芝 ONDA 昂达 丰达 小精灵 智通 柏丽 复日 高杰 汉禹 佳茵 金凤凰
附件为各产品的大部份品牌中英文一览表，在做的过程中，也有可能有这些品牌之外的一些品牌，如果有请在录入数据库里
CAM 英文 中文 Samsung 三星 Canon 佳能 Sony 索尼 JVC 胜利 Panasonic 松下 Hitachi 日立 Ricoh 理光 SANYO 三洋 Aiptek 爱普泰克 Kodak 柯达 Olympus 奥林巴斯 Pentax 宾得 DEC 中恒 Sharp 夏普 Creative 创新 FinePix 富士 JWD 经纬达 JXD 金星 Hasee 神舟 Meizu 魅族 Nikon 尼康 Premier 拍得丽 BenQ 明基 Netac 朗科 Unibit 优百特 Zarva 长虹 AIPTEK 爱普泰克 文曲星
maya英汉对照
1.maya菜单中英文对照表Maya 菜单中英文对照Standard标准菜单File文件New Scene建立新场景Open Scene打开场景Save Scene存盘场景Save Scene As改名存盘Import导入Export All导出所有Export Selection导出选定物体Create Reference引入场景文件Reference Editor引入场景编辑器Project项目New建立新项目Edit Current编辑当前项目Set指定当前项目Exit退出Edit编辑Undo取消上一次操作Redo恢复上一次操作Repeat重复最后一次操作Keys关键帧Cut Keys裁剪关键帧Copy Keys拷贝关键帧Paste Keys粘贴关键帧Delete Keys删除关键帧Scale Keys缩放关键帧Bake Simulation模拟复制Delete删除Delete by Type根据类型删除History构造历史Channels通道Static Channels静帧通道Motion Paths运动路径Expressions表达式Constraints约束Rigid Bodies刚体Delete All by Type根据类型删除所有History构造历史Channels通道Static Channels静帧通道Motion Paths运动路径Expressions表达式Constraints约束Unused Transforms未用变形Joints连接IK Handles逆向运动控制柄Lattices车削Clusters族Sculpt Objects雕刻物体Wires网格Lights灯光Cameras照相机Image Planes图像板Shading Groups and Materials阴影组和材质Particles粒子Rigid Bodies刚体物体Rigid Constraints刚体约束Select All选择所有Select All by Type根据类型选择所有Joints连接IK Handles逆向运动控制柄Lattices车削Clusters族Sculpt Objects雕刻物体Wires网格Transforms变形Geometry几何体NURBS Geometry NURBS几何体Polygon Geometry多边形几何体Lights灯光Cameras照相机Image Planes图像板Particles粒子Rigid Bodies刚体物体Rigid Constraints刚体约束Quick Select Set快速选择集Layers层New Layers建立新层Rename Layer更改层名称Remove Current Layer移去当前层Layer Editor层编辑器Transfer to Layer转化为层Select All on Layer选择层上所有物体Hide Layer隐藏层Hide All Layers隐藏所有层Show Layer显示层Show All Layers显示所有层Template Layer临时层Untemplate Layer解除临时层Hide Inactive Layers隐藏非活动层Template Inactive Layers临时非活动层Duplicate复制Group成组Ungroup解成组Create Empty Group建立空成组Parent建立父物体Unparent解除父物体Modify修改Transformation Tools变形工具Move Tool移动工具Rotate Tool旋转工具Scale Tool缩放工具Show Manipulator Tool显示手动工具Default Object Manipulator默认调节器Proportional Modi Tool比例修改工具Move Limit Tool移动限制工具Rotate Limit Tool旋转限制工具Scale Limit Tool缩放限制工具Reset Transformations重新设置变形控制Freeze Transformations冻结变形控制Enable Nodes授权动画节点All所有IK solvers逆向运动连接器Constraints约束Expressions表达式Particles粒子Rigid Bodies刚体Snapshots快照Disable Node废弃动画节点Make Live激活构造物Center Pivot置中枢轴点Prefix Hierarchy Names定义前缀Add Attribute增加属性Measure测量Distance Tool距离工具Parameter Tool参数工具Arc Length Tool弧度工具Animated Snapshot动画快照Animated Sweep由动画曲线创建几何体曲面Display显示Geometry几何体Backfaces背面Lattice Points车削点Lattice Shape车削形Local Rotation Axes局部旋转轴Rotate Pivots旋转枢轴点Scale Pivots缩放枢轴点Selection Handles选定句柄NURBS Components NURBS元素CVs CV曲线Edit Points编辑点Hulls可控点Custom定制NURBS Smoothness NURBS曲面光滑处理Hull物体外壳Rough边框质量Medium中等质量Fine精细质量Custom定制Polygon Components多边形元素Custom Polygon Display定制多边形显示Fast Interaction快速交错显示Camera/Light Manipulator照相机/灯光操作器Sound声音Joint Size关节尺寸IK Handle Size IK把手尺寸Window窗口General Editors通用编辑器Set Editor系统设置编辑器Attribute Spread Sheet属性编辑器Tool Settings工具设置Filter Action Editor滤镜动作编辑器Channel Control通道控制信息Connection Editor连接编辑器Performance Settings性能设置Script Editor Script编辑器Command Shell命令窗口Plug-in Manager滤镜管理器Rendering Editors渲染编辑器Rendering Flags渲染标记Hardware Render Buffer硬件渲染缓冲区Render View渲染视图Shading Groups Editor阴影组编辑器Texture View质地视图Shading Group Attributes阴影组属性Animation Editors动画编辑器Graph Editor图形编辑器Dope SheetBlend Shape融合形Device Editor设备编辑器Dynamic Relationships动态关系Attribute Editor属性编辑器Outliner框架Hypergraph超图形Multilister多功能渲染控制Expression Editor表达式编辑器Recent Commands当前命令Playblast播放预览View Arangement视图安排Four四分3 Top Split上三分3 Left Split左三分3 Right Split右三分3 Bottom Split底部三分2 Stacked二叠分2 Side By Side二平分Single单图Previous Arrangement前次安排Next Arrangement下次安排Saved Layouts保存布局Single Perspective View单透视图Four View四分图Persp/Graph/Hyper透视/图形/超图形Persp/Multi/Render透视/多功能/渲染Persp/Multi/Outliner透视/多功能/轮廓Persp/Multi透视/多功能Persp/Outliner透视/轮廓Persp/Graph透视/图形Persp/Set Editor透视/组编辑器Edit Layouts编辑布局Frame Selected in All Views所有视图选定帧Frame All in All Views所有视图的所有帧Minimize Application最小化应用Raise Application Windows移动窗口向前Options可选项General Preferences一般设置UI Preferences用户界面设置Customize UI定制用户界面Hotkeys快捷键Colors颜色Marking Menus标记菜单Shelves书架Panels面板Save Preferences保存设置Status Line状态栏Shelf书架Feedback Line反馈栏Channel Box通道面板Time Slider时间滑动棒Range Slider范围滑动棒Command Line命令行Help Line帮助行Show Only Viewing Panes仅显示视图面板Show All Panes显示所有面板Modeling建模系统Primitives基本物体Create NURBS创建NURBS物体Sphere球体Cube立方体Cylinder圆柱体Cone圆台（锥）体Plane平面物体Circle圆Create Polygons创建多边形物体Sphere球体Cube立方体Cylinder圆柱体Cone圆台（锥）体Plane平面物体Torus面包圈Create Text创建文本Create Locator创建指示器Construction Plane构造平面Create Camera创建照相机Curves创建曲线CV Curve Tool CV曲线工具EP Curve Tool EP曲线工具Pencil Curve Tool笔曲线工具Add Points Tool加点工具Curve Editing Tool曲线编辑工具Offset Curve曲线移动Offset Curve On Surface曲线在表面移动Project Tangent曲线切线调整Fillet Curve带状曲线Rebuild Curve重建曲线Extend Curve扩展曲线Insert Knot插入节点Attach Curves连接曲线Detach Curves断开曲线Align Curves对齐曲线Open/Close Curves打开/关闭曲线Reserse Curves反转曲线Duplicate Curves复制曲线CV Hardness硬化曲线Fit B-spline适配贝塔曲线Surfaces曲面Bevel斜角Extrude凸出Loft放样Planar曲面Revolve旋转Boundary边界Birail 1 Tool二对一工具Birail 2 Tool二对二工具Birail 3+ Tool二对三工具Circular Fillet圆边斜角Freeform Fillet***形斜角Fillet Blend Tool斜角融合工具Edit Surfaces编辑曲面Intersect Surfaces曲面交叉Project Curve投影曲线Trim Tool修整曲线工具Untrim Surfaces撤消修整Rebuild Surfaces重建曲面Prepare For Stitch准备缝合Stitch Surface Points点缝合曲面Stitch Tool缝合工具NURBS to Polygons NURBS转化为多边形Insert Isoparms添加元素Attach Surfaces曲面结合Detach Surfaces曲面分离Align Surfaces曲面对齐Open/Close Surfaces打开/关闭曲面Reverse Surfaces反转曲面Polygones多边形Create Polygon Tool创建多边形工具Append to Polygon Tool追加多边形Split Polygon Tool分离多边形工具Move Component移动元素Subdivide多边形细化Collapse面转点Edges边界Soften/Harden柔化/硬化Close Border关闭边界Merge Tool合并工具Bevel斜角Delete and Clean删除和清除Facets面Keep Facets Together保留边线Extrude凸出Extract破碎Duplicate复制Triangulate三角分裂Quadrangulate四边形合并Trim Facet Tool面修整工具Normals法向Reverse倒转法向Propagate传播法向Conform统一法向Texture质地Assign Shader to Each Projection指定投影Planar Mapping平面贴图Cylindrical Mapping圆柱体贴图Spherical Mapping球体贴图Delete Mapping删除贴图Cut Texture裁剪纹理Sew Texture斜拉纹理Unite联合Separate分离Smooth光滑Selection Constraints选定限定工具Smart Command Settings改变显示属性Convert Selection转化选定Uninstall Current Settins解除当前设定Animation动画模块Keys关键帧Settings设置关键帧Auto Key自动设置关键帧Spline样条曲线式Linear直线式Clamped夹具式Stepped台阶式Flat平坦式Other其他形式Set Driven Key设置驱动关键帧Set设置Go To Previous前移Go To Next后退Set Key设置帧Hold Current Keys保留当前帧Paths路径Set Path Key设置路径关键帧Attach to Path指定路径Flow Path Object物体跟随路径Skeletons骨骼Joint Tool关节工具IK Handle Tool反向动力学句柄工具IK Spline Handle Tool反向动力学样条曲线句柄工具Insert Joint Tool添加关节工具Reroot Skeleton重新设置根关节Remove Joint去除关节Disconnect Joint解除连接关节Connect Joint连接关节Mirror Joint镜向关节Set Preferred Angle设置参考角Assume Preferred AngleEnable IK Solvers反向动力学解算器有效EIk Handle Snap反向动力学句柄捕捉有效ESelected IK Handles反向动力学句柄有效DSelected IK Handles反向动力学句柄无效Deformations变形Edit Menbership Tool编辑成员工具Prune Membership变形成员Cluster簇变形Lattice旋转变形Sculpt造型变形Wire网格化变形Lattice旋转Sculpt造型Cluster簇Point On Curve线点造型Blend Shape混合变形Blend Shape Edit混合变形编辑Add增加Remove删除Swap交换Wire Tool网格化工具Wire Edit网格编辑Add增加Remove删除Add Holder增加定位曲线Reset重置Wire Dropoff Locator网线定位器Wrinkle Tool褶绉变形工具Edit Lattice编辑旋转Reset Lattice重置旋转Remove Lattice Tweeks恢复旋转Display I-mediate Objects显示中间物体Hide Intermediate Objects隐藏中间物体Skinning皮肤Bind Skin绑定蒙皮Detach Skin断开蒙皮Preserve Skin Groups保持皮肤组Detach Skeleton分离骨骼Detach Selected Joints分离选定关节Reattach Skeleton重新连接骨骼Reattach Selected Joints重新连接关节Create Flexor创建屈肌Reassign Bone Lattice Joint再指定骨头关节Go to Bind Pose恢复骨头绑定Point关节Aim目标Orient方向Scale缩放Geometry几何体Normal法向RenderingLighting灯光Create Ambient Light创建环境光Create Directional Light创建方向灯Create Point Light创建点光源Create Spot Light创建聚光灯Relationship Panel关系面板Light Linking Tool灯光链接工具Shading 阴影Shading Group Attributes阴影组属性Create Shading Group创建阴影组Lambert朗伯材质Phong Phong材质Blinn布林材质Other其他材质Assign Shading Group指定阴影组InitialParticleSE初始粒子系统InitialShadingGroup初始阴影组Shading Group Tool阴影组工具Texture Placement Tool纹理位移工具Render渲染Render into New Window渲染至新窗口Redo Previous Render重复上次渲染Test Resolution测试分辨率Camera Panel照相机面板Render Globals一般渲染Batch Render批渲染Cancel Batch Render取消批渲染Show Batch Render显示批渲染Dynamics动力学系统Settings设置Initial State初始状态Set For Current当前设置Set For All Dynamic设置总体动力学特性Rigid Body Solver刚体解算器Dynamics Controller动力学控制器Particle Collision Events粒子爆炸Particle Caching粒子缓冲Run-up and Cache执行缓冲Cache Current Frame缓冲当前帧Set Selected Particles设置选定粒子Dynamics On动力学开Dynamics Off动力学关Set All Particles设置所有粒子Particles All On When Run执行时粒子系统开Auto Create Rigid Body自动创建刚体Particles粒子Particle Tool粒子工具Create Emitter创建发射器Add Emitter增加发射器Add Collisions增加碰撞Add Goal增加目标Fields场Create Air创建空气动力场Create Drag创建拖动场Create Gravity创建动力场Create Newton创建牛顿场Create Radial创建辐射动力场Create Turbulence创建震荡场Create Uniform创建统一场Create Vortex创建涡流场Add Air增加空气动力场Add Newton增加牛顿场Add Radial增加辐射场Add Turbulence增加震荡场Add Uniform增加统一场Add Vortex增加涡流场Connect连接Connect to Field场连接Connect to Emitter发射器连接Connect to Collision碰撞连接Bodies柔体和刚体Create Active Rigid Body创建正刚体Create Passive Rigid Body创建负刚体Create Constraint创建约束物体Create Soft Body创建柔体Create Springs创建弹簧Set Active Key设置正向正Set Passive Key设置负向正Help帮助Product Information产品信息Help帮助Maya快捷键速记表以下列出的是Maya 2.0/2.5版本中所有系统默认的快捷键及它们的使用方法和功能。
玛雅 英文介绍
The Maya civilization, also known as the Maya culture or the MayThe Maya civilization, also known as the Maya culture or the Mayan civilization, was aMesoamerican civilization that flourished in parts of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador from about 2000 BC to 1500 AD. The Maya were known for their impressive achievements in art, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, and writing, and their legacy continues to fascinate people around the world today.The origins of the Maya civilization are not entirely clear, but it is believed to have developed in the tropical lowlands of southern Mexico and Central America. The earliest known Maya settlements date back to around 1500 BC, and by 250 AD, the Maya had established a complex network of cities and trade routes that spanned much of Mesoamerica.One of the most notable features of the Maya civilization was its hieroglyphic writing system, which was used to record history, mythology, and religious beliefs. The Maya script was one of the most complex and sophisticated writing systems of the pre-Columbian era, and it remains an important source of information about the ancient Maya today.The Maya were also renowned for their architectural achievements, particularly their pyramids and temples. The most famous of these structures is probably the Great Pyramid of Tikal, which stands over 60 meters tall and is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient structures in the Americas. Other notable Maya buildings include the Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque, the Temple of the Sun at Teotihuacan, and the Caracol at Chichen Itza.In addition to their impressive architectural feats, the Maya were also skilled farmers and traders who developed sophisticated agricultural techniques to support their growing population. They cultivated crops such as maize, beans, squash, and cotton, and they also raised animals like chickens, turkeys, and dogs for food.The Maya were also skilled artisans who produced a wide range of beautiful objects using materials like jade, obsidian, shell, and feathers. They created intricate jewelry, pottery, sculptures, and textiles that are still admired for their beauty and craftsmanship today.Despite their many accomplishments, the Maya civilization ultimately declined in the 9th century AD due to a combination of factors including environmental degradation, overpopulation, warfare, and disease. Many of their great cities were abandoned or destroyed, and their once-great empire was reduced to scattered tribes and small kingdoms.Today, the legacy of the Maya civilization lives on through the many ruins and artifacts that remain from their time. These include not only the impressive buildings and monuments that they left behind but also their art, literature, music, and other cultural traditions. The Maya continue to inspire wonder and admiration among people around the world who are drawn to their rich history and enduring legacy.。
maya中英对照
Absolute Mode Transform Type-in绝对坐标方式变换输入
Absolute/Relative Snap Toggle Mode绝对/相对捕捉开关模式
ACIS Options ACIS选项
Activate活动；激活
Activate All Maps激活所有贴图
Auto Expand Modifiers自动扩展修改器
Auto Expand Selected Only自动扩展仅选择的
Auto Expand Transforms自动扩展变换
Auto Expand XYZ Components自动扩展坐标组成
Auto Key自动关键帧
Auto-Rename Merged Material自动重命名合并材质
Background Image背景图像
Background Lock Toggle背景锁定开关
Background Texture Size背景纹理尺寸；背景纹理大小
Backgrounds背景
Backside ID内表面材质号
Backup Time One Unit每单位备份时间
Back Segs后面片段数
Back View背视图
Back Width后面宽度
Backface Cull背面忽略显示；背面除去；背景拣出
Backface Cull Toggle背景拣出开关
Background背景
Background Display Toggle背景显示开关
Bone Objects骨骼物体；骨骼对象
Bone Options骨骼选项
Bone Tools骨骼工具
Maya中英文对照
Maya中英对照表(save) batch render (保存）批处理渲染1 linear1 直线段2 points to 2 points 2 点到 2 点2 side by side2视图并列2 stacked2视图上下排列2d textures2D 纹理贴图3 bottom split3视图靠底分隔3 cubic3 立方体3 left split3视图靠左分隔3 points to 3 points 3 点到 3 点3 right split3视图靠右分隔3 top split3视图靠顶部分隔3D blur visib可见度采样3D delta3D 三角3d textures3D 纹理贴图3D world三维空间内accept同意active object pivots 活性物体枢轴active view活动视图add增添add air添加空气Add Attribute添加属性add drag添加摩擦力add emitter增加发射器add goal添加目标add gravity添加重力add holder添加定位器add influence增加影响add newton添加引力add points tool加点工具add radial添加磁场add targets增加目标add to owner添加到自身add turbulence添加振荡add uniform添加统一力场add vortex添加漩涡力场advanced高级参数affected highlighting 受影响的加亮部位affects active物体影响活跃性aim目标aim vector目标向量align curves对齐曲线工具align curves tool对齐曲线工具align surfaces对齐表面工具align surfaces tool对齐表面工具all全部all components off所以成分关闭all components on所有成分打开all keyable所有关键帧all keyable attributes 所有可设置属性all manipulator handles 所有操纵器手柄all objects off所以物体关闭all objects on所有物体打开all options所有选项all plane所有平面all surface CVs所有表面CVsallow highlight select 高亮显示选择alpha gainAlpha 增进alpha offsetAlpha 偏移量ambient color环境颜色ambient light环境光ambient shade环境光渐变模式ami目标约束angle of view视角angular角度Animated Snapshot 动画快照Animated Sweep动画曲线（快照）animation动画渲染animation controls动画控制animation curves动画曲线Animation Editors动画编辑器animation options动画选项animation range动画范围animation start/end动画开始/结束帧anisotropic另类anti-aliasing quality图像保真质量append to polygon tool添加多边形工具apply color应用颜色apply current to all将当前设置应用到所有对象apply settings to last stroke应用设置在最后一笔apply settings to selected strokes 应用设置到选择的一笔arc length tool弧长度工具arc tools圆弧工具area light环境光as is保留原始状态as projection映射纹理贴图as stencil标签纹理贴图ascii file compression mode ascii 代码压缩模式aspect lock长宽比例锁定assign selected选择并分配assign shader to each projection把纹理指派给每个对象assign shading group将遮蔽群组赋值予assume preferred angle 假定首选角at all bone(s)在所有的骨头上建立at all joint(s)在所有关节上建立at bottom在底端at path为路径at profile为截面at selected bone(s)在所选的骨头上建立at selected joint(s)在所选关节上建立at selection在选择处at top在顶端attach curves连接曲线工具attach curves tool连接曲线工具attach method绑缚方法attach surfaces合并表面工具attach surfaces tool合并表面工具attach to path附着于路径attraction磁力吸引水平attribute属性attribute editor属性编辑窗Attribute Paint Tool绘制属性工具attribute spread sheet属性标签列表auto create curve自动创建曲线auto create rigid body自动建立刚性形体auto create root axis自动创建根关节轴auto fit自动适配auto joint limits自动关节限制auto joint orient自动关节方向auto key自动关键帧auto keys自动关键帧auto load selected objects 自动装载选择的物体auto parent curve自动父曲线auto simplify curve自动简化曲线auto smooth自动平滑automatic mapping自动的贴图autoparent to selection自动挑选父物体自动优先权average normals平均标准average vertices平均顶点Axes坐标轴axis definition坐标轴定位azimuth elevation tool 方位抬升工具back后面back face culling底面选择backculling背后可显backface culling背面显示选择backfaces背面Bake Simulation模拟复制bake spring animation 制造触发动画ballScale球体比例base基础base mesh display基本网状显示basic基本参数batch render批处理渲染belowbest plane texturing tool 最佳平面纹理工具between selections在选择处之间bevel导角bevel cap edge导角边bevel corners导角角点bevel depth斜角深度bevel tool导角工具bevel width斜角宽度bias修正阴影率bind method捆绑方式bind skin装订蒙皮bind to捆绑到birail横跨建面birail 1 tool一根横隔线建面工具birail 2 tool两根横隔线建面工具birail 3+ tool三根横隔线建面工具blend bias混合斜线blend colors混合颜色blend control混合控制blend option during creation 创建时的标准选项blend shape融合变形blender融合blending混合blind data editor废弃数据编辑器blinn金属类blue plane蓝色平面blur by frame按帧模糊blur length帧时间长度blur sharpness模糊锐度bodies形体bookmarks快捷设定模式booleans布尔运算border edges边框边border width边框宽度both surfaces双方曲面被选bottom side底边boundary边界boundary tool边界工具bounding box对象区域方盒显示】box filter非常柔化break light links中断光线连接break rigid body connections 中断刚体连接break tangent打破切线break tangents断开切线brush animation画笔动画bulge凸起纹理bump 2D凹凸贴图 2Dbump 3D凹凸贴图 3Dbump mapping凹凸帖图button按钮by frame间隔帧数by frame step渲染帧步数by name用名字by number用数字by time采样率（每X帧采样1次)cache current frame快速运算（存储）当前帧cached data隐藏数据camera摄影机camera aperture摄影机光圈camera attribute editor摄影机属性编辑camera attributes摄影机属性camera manipulators摄影机操纵杆camera panel摄影机控制面板camera sample摄影机样例camera scale摄影机比例camera settings摄影机设定camera tools摄影机工具camera/light manipulator摄影机/灯光操纵杆cameras摄影机cancel batch render取消批处理渲染caps顶盖cast shadows阴影投射casts shadows投放阴影center of interest中央兴趣点Center Pivot中央枢轴centimeter厘米channel box通道栏channel control通道控制channel names通道栏名Channels通道character角色character sets角色设置cheate ambient light创建环境光cheate directional light创建定向灯cheate point light创建泛光灯cheate spot light创建聚光灯check topology相同的 CV 段数checker棋盘格circle圆形circular arcs圆弧circular fillet圆形导角面工具circular fillet tool圆形导角面工具clean up reference清除参考cleanup清除clear clipboard清除剪贴板内容clear flipbook menu清除渲染菜单click drag select单步操作clip final shaded color保持渲染色值为0到1之间clipboard actions剪贴板操作clipping plane剪切面close结束closest distance最近距离closest end point靠近终点closest joint最近关节closest point最近点cloth布料cloud烟云cluster丛Clusters丛（簇）coarser粗糙coarser mesh display粗糙网状显示collapse hierarchy塌陷层级collision models碰撞模型color gain颜色增进color joint有色关节color material颜色素材color offset颜色偏移量color utilities颜色特效coloring色彩combine联合command line命令行command shell命令解释窗口common material attributes 普通材质属性complete全部complete skeleton整个骨骼component构成component display构成显示component editor结构编辑窗components组成components display filter 成分显示过滤components display level 成分显示标准composite threshold图像边缘保真数量compress cache压缩缓存compressed压缩的concave凹面cone圆锥体cone angle圆锥角connect joint连接骨骼connect to collision连接到碰撞connect to emitter连接到发射器connect to field连接到动力场connect to time连接到时间connect/add连接/添加connection editor关联编辑窗口Constrain约束constraint operation约束操作Constraints约束construction history on/off 建立历史开/关construction plane构造平面continuous连续control points控制点control vertexCV 可控点convert display反转显示convert selection转换选择convert selection to edges 转换到边选择convert selection to faces 转换到表面选择convert selection to UVs转换到 UVsconvert selection to vertices 转换到定点选择convex凸面copy current UV set拷贝当前 UV 放置copy flexor复制屈肌Copy Keys复制关键帧copy selected拷贝选择cosine power余弦coverage覆盖crease折痕create创建create active rigid body 创建主动刚体create air创建空气create ambient light创建环境光create blend shape创建融合变形create camera创建摄影机create clip建立夹子create cloth object创建布料对象create cluster创建丛create collision object 创建碰撞对象create constraint创建约束create curve flow创建曲线分子流动系统create curves for创建曲线项create directional light 创建定向光Create Display Layer创建显示层create drag创建摩擦力create emitter创建发射器Create Empty Group建立空的群组create empty UV set建立空的 UV 放置create fire创建火焰create fireworks创建烈火create flexor创建屈肌create garment创建衣服create gravity创建重力create IK handle创建 IK 手柄create lattice创建格子(晶格变形）create lightning创建照明create locator创建定位器create newton创建引力create nonlinear创建非线性变形create NURBS创建NURBS模型create panel创建控制面板Create Partition设置分隔create passive rigid body 创建被动刚体create point light创建泛光灯create polygon tool创建多边形工具Create Polygons创建多边形create pose建立姿势create property创建属性Create Quick Select Set创建快速选择设置create radial创建磁场Create Reference创建参数（参考）create rigid body solver创建刚体运算create sculpt deformer创建雕刻变形create seam创建缝合Create Set创造设置create shatter创建碎片create smoke创建烟尘create soft body创建柔体create solver创建结算器create spot light创建聚光灯create springs创建弹力create subdiv创建细分create surface flow创建表面分子流动系统create text创建文本create texture reference object 创建材质参考对象create turbulence创建振荡create uniform创建统一力场create UVs based on camera 基于摄影机创建UVscreate vortex创建漩涡力场create wrap创建缠绕createtools原始模型cube立方体cubic立方体的current manipulator handle当前操纵器手柄current rigid solver当前的刚体运算current solverIK 手柄解算器current time当前时间curve degree曲线度数curve div per span定义曲线细分数量/每一跨度curve editing tool曲线编辑工具curve fillet曲线导边工具curve fillet tool曲线导边工具curve on surface曲线在表面上curve point曲线点curve points曲线点curve range曲线范围curve type曲线类型curve utilities曲线效用curves弯曲curves on surface表面上的曲线custom extension自定义扩展名custom polygon display 自定义多边形显示customize UI定制用户界面cut curve剪切曲线工具cut curve tool剪切曲线工具Cut Keys剪切关键帧cut selected剪切选择cut texture剪切材质cut UVs剪切 UVsCV curve toolCV 样条工具CV hardnessCV 硬度工具CV hardness toolCV 硬度工具CVsCVs 可控点cycling index操纵器类型手柄cylinder圆柱体cylindrical mapping圆柱贴图decay rate衰减率decay regions衰减区域default color默认颜色default field extension (o and e) 默认场渲染扩展名(o 和 e)default file extensions默认文件扩展名default home缺省视图模式default in tangent默认值在切线中Default Object Manipulator缺省物体操纵杆default out tangent默认值在切线外defaultrenderglobals通用设置defaultrenderquality质量设置defaultresolution分辨率设置变形设置deformers变形deforming geometry几何学变形degree程度degrees of freedom自由度Delete All by Type按类型全部删除delete attribute删除属性...delete attributes删除属性Delete by Type按类型单项删除delete cache删除缓存delete current UV set删除当前 UV 放置delete edge删除边delete highlighted删除突出的delete inputs删除输入Delete Keys删除关键帧delete mapping删除贴图delete selected删除选择delete surface flow删除表面分子流动系统delete targetsdelete texture reference object 删除材质参考对象delete unused删除不使用的delete UVs删除 UVsdelete vertex删除顶点dense wireframe acceleration 添加密集网格depth of field景深场detach curves断开曲线工具detach curves tool断开曲线工具detach selected joints分离选定的关节detach skeleton分离骨架detach skin分离蒙皮detach surfaces分离表面工具detach surfaces tool分离表面工具device aspect ratio显示设备纵横比device editor运动捕获编辑devices动态捕获装置difference相减direction vector方向向量directional light定向灯disable禁止Disable Nodes废弃（动画）节点disable selected IK handles禁用选定的 IK 控制杆disable solver禁用结算器disconnect joint断开关节displacement materials位移材质displacement to polygon转换到多边形display intermediate objects显示中间物体display layer显示层display layer editor显示层编辑器display layers显示层display options显示选项display poly count显示多边形数量信息Distance Tool距离工具dithered抖动divisions段数dolly tool推拉工具dope sheet关键帧清单double sided双面drag control拖动控制杆dropoff边衰率dropoff type衰减类型Duplicate复制duplicate face复制表面duplicate input connections复制节点及关联节点duplicate NURBS patches复制 NURBS 片duplicate surface curves复制表面曲线工具duplicate surface curves tool复制表面曲线工具duplicate upstream graph加复制物于选取物的上游节点dynamic relationships动力学关联dynamic values动力学值dynamics动力学ease in淡入ease in out淡入和淡出ease out淡出edge anti aliasing边缘反锯法edge anti-aliasing物体边缘图像保真度edge snapping自由布点edges多边形边edit blend shape编辑融合变形edit bookmarks编辑书签Edit Current编辑当前工程edit curves编辑曲线edit lattice编辑格子edit layouts编辑版面布局edit membership编辑成员资格edit membership tool 编辑成员资格工具edit oversampling编辑所有取样edit pointEP 编辑点edit pointsEP 编辑点edit polygons编辑多边形edit rigid skin编辑硬性蒙皮edit smooth skin编辑平滑蒙皮edit surfaces编辑表面编辑线变形edit wrap编辑缠绕edits编辑工作effects特效emit from object从物体上发射emitters发射器enable启动enable depth maps使用深度贴图阴影enable IK handle snap启动 IK 控制杆吸附enable IK solvers启动 IK 运算Enable Nodes启用（动画）节点enable raytracing启动光线追踪enable selected IK handles 启动选定的 IK 控制杆enable solver启动结算器end frame结束帧end sweep结束范围end sweep angle结束延伸角度end time结束时间ensure planarityenv ball球形环境贴图env cube立方体环境贴图env fog环境雾env sky天空环境贴图envelope包络environment fog环境雾environment textures环境纹理贴图EP curve toolEP 样条工具erase涂抹even偶数even field偶数场渲染名even field first偶数扫描优先exit on completion完成后退出expand display region放大显示区域expand selected components 扩展选择成分Export输出Export All整体输出export as当作..输出export highlighted输出突出的Export Selection选择性输出export selection as a reference 输出所选的为参考Expression Editor表达式编辑器Expressions表达式extend延展extend curve延展曲线extend curve at扩展曲线在..处extend curve on surface延展表面上的曲线extend method扩展方法extend surfaces扩充表面工具extend surfaces tool扩充表面工具extension type扩展类型extra attributes其他属性extra transform on caps在顶盖上特别处理extract挤出extract vertices提取顶点extrapolate正切向扩展extrude挤出extrude edge挤压边缘extrude face挤压面extrude height挤压高度extrude length挤压长度extrude tool挤出工具face centers表面中部faces面facing ratio贴面比例fast interaction 快速交互作用feedback line反馈行field动力场field chart区域图表field dominance 场渲染优先权field options扫描场渲染选项fields场渲染设定file import merge 文件输入合并file name文件名file name prefix文件名前缀file type specific options 文件类型详细选项fill满屏显示fill hole补孔工具filler color大理石体颜色fillet blend tool融合导角面工具fillet tool导边带子工具film aspect ratio屏幕宽高比film gate电影取景框filpbooks观看动画filter type过滤器类型finer好finer mesh display精细网状显示finite有限first surface第一目标曲面被选fit B-spline适合 B 样条曲线工具fit B-spline tool适合 B 样条曲线工具flare扩张flat平面flat shade all简单块面显示所有对象flat shade selected items 简单块面显示被选对象flexor type屈肌类型flip triangle edge翻转三角形边缘flip UVs翻转 UVsflow path object沿着路径的对象focal length焦距focus焦点物foot英尺four4视图模式four view四视图fov视野fractional tolerance碎片公差frame all最大显示所有物体frame all in all views查看所有帧frame image显示图像frame padding帧数字位数frame rate帧频比率显示区域frame selected in all views 查看选定帧frame selectes in all views 查看选定帧frame selection最大显示被选对象frame/animation ext帧/动画语法格式freeform自由形态freeform fillet自由变形导角面工具freeform fillet tool自由变形导角面工具freeform type自由形态类型freeze mode冻结模型Freeze Transformations冻结变换from channel box单通道框框选对象front前视图模式front view前视图full完全full crease edge/vertex全部褶皱边缘/顶点fur皮毛gamma correctionRGB 色公式校正gaussian filtergeneral editors常规编辑器general preferences常规参数选择general utilities常规特效Geometry几何学geometry options几何学选项geometry type几何学类型get settings from selected stroke 从选择的一笔获取设置global世界坐标系global index通用检索global scale全球比例global stitch全局缝合工具global stitch tool全局缝合工具global values全球值glow发光发热glow intensity辉光光晕强度go to bind pose去装订状态go to next前进到下一个go to previous返回到前一个goal目标good好grab swatch to hypershade/visor 从超链接材质/外观中获取样品granite花岗岩graph editor动画曲线编辑green plane绿色平面grid plane网格平面Group群组group pivot群组枢轴group under群组在..之下groupID nodes群组 ID 节点grouping编组grow selection region扩展选择区域handle size手柄尺寸handles控制杆harden变硬hardware render buffer硬件渲染hardware render globals全球性硬件渲染hardware texturing硬件纹理显示height ratio高度比例help line帮助行hide all layers隐藏所有层hide cloth隐藏布料hide deformers隐藏变形hide geometry隐藏几何学对象hide intermediate objects 隐藏中间物体hide kinematics隐藏运动学对象hide layer隐藏层hide selection隐藏选择hide source隐藏来源hide UI elements隐藏基本用户界面hide unselected CVs隐藏未选择的CVshide unselected objects 隐藏未选择对象hierarchy层次hierarchy mode层级模式hierarchy selection层级选择high quality高品质highest quality超高品质highlight高亮边History构造历史hold current keys保持当前键horizontal水平hotbox controls热键菜单控制框hotkeys快捷键HSV color noise色彩模型噪波hue noise色调噪波hue noise freq色调噪波频率hull框架hull simplification U水平方向简化外壳的显示因素hull simplification V垂直方向简化外壳的显示因素hulls外框控制点hypergraph节点编辑窗hypershade超链接材质编辑窗hypershade/outliner/persp超链接材质编辑窗/结构编辑窗/透视图hypershade/persp超链接材质编辑窗/透视图hypershade/render/persp超链接材质编辑窗/渲染窗/透视图ignore忽视ignore film gate忽视渲染可见区域外场景ignore selection priority忽视优先权选择IK end effectorsIK 末端受动器IK handle optionsIK 手柄选项IK handle sizeIK 控制杆尺寸IK handle toolIK 控制杆工具IK HandlesIK 控制杆IK SolversIk 运算IK spline handle optionsIK 键手柄选项IK spline handle toolIK 曲线控制杆工具illuminates by default照明使用默认值image file output图像文件输出image format图像格式image name图片名称image plane图像平面Image Planes图像平面import reference输入参考in main maya windows 在主要 MAYA 窗口in separate windows在单独窗口内in-between局中的物体incandescence炽热（模拟自发光）inch英寸include texture info包含纹理信息include these inputs包含以下输入increase by增加到附近infinite无限initial state初态inputs输入insert isoparms插入元素工具insert isoparms tool插入元素工具insert joint tool插入关节工具insert knot插入节点工具insert knot tool插入节点工具insert location插入点位置insert parameter插入参数inside mode内部类型interactive shading交互式底纹interface界面interface:general interface preferences 界面：普通界面参数选择intermediate quality媒介品质interpolation颜色过渡方式intersect curves相交曲线工具intersect curves tool相交曲线工具intersect surfaces交叉表面工具intersect surfaces tool交叉表面工具intersect tool相交工具intersection交集inverse kinematics反向动力学invert reference vector反转参考向量IPR实时渲染ipr optionsIPR 交互式选项IPR render into new windowIPR 交互式渲染isolate select隔离选择的isoparms结构线joint options骨骼关节选项joint pivots关节枢轴joint size骨架关节尺寸joint tool骨骼建立工具Joints骨骼关节journal杂志keep faces together保持表面并拢keep hard edges保持硬边keep motion vectors 保持运动向量keep new faces planar 保持新建表面平面keep only a reference 保持唯一一个参考keep original保持原始的keep originals保持原样keep wire保持网格key all所有键key selected键选择key ticks关键帧标记关键帧kinematics运动学lambert漫射无高光类（布、皮等）last最后一步lattice options晶格变形控制物的三个方向的段数lattice points格子点lattice shape格子形状Lattices格子（晶格）layer attributes层属性layer bar层编辑栏layer editor层编辑窗layered shader分层渐变layers层layout UVs编排 UVslayouts页面布局leaf叶leather皮、革left side左侧面librarylight灯光light fog光雾light info灯光信息light linking光线连接到light manipulators 灯光操纵杆light-centric光源－中心lighting灯光lighting/shading灯光/阴影linear tangents线性切线list列表load on startup启动时装载load reference装载参考load selected objects 装载选择的物体local局部坐标系local center局部中心点local divisions局部段数local mode局部模式local rotation axes 局部旋转轴local values局部值locator定位器locators定位器lock device aspect ratio设备长宽比例值锁定lock selected锁定选择loft tool放样工具long长名long normals高标准look at selection观察被选对象look through barn doors谷仓门操纵器look through selected仔细查看选定loop brush animation循环画笔动画looping回放次数low quality低品质luminance亮度magnet磁力中心maintain width/height ratio 自动宽高比make brush spring制造画笔触发make collide建立碰撞make hole tool打孔工具make light links建立光线连接Make Live建立活动对象make paintable建立笔触manipulator操纵器manipulator sizes操纵器尺寸manipulators控制杆map UV border贴图 UV 边界marble attributes大理石属性markers标记marking menus标记菜单mask plane屏遮平面materials材质max 3d blur visib最大可见度采样max displacement最大位移量max shading最大明暗度max shading samples 最大阴影采样率maya basicsMAYA 基本模块帮助MAYA ClothMAYA 布料模块帮助MAYA FurMAYA 皮毛模块帮助measure tools测量工具medium normals普通标准medium quality中间品质MELMEL 脚本语言帮助memory and performance options 优化渲染设置项menu set菜单设置merge edge tool合并边界merge multiple edges合并多条边merge vertices合并顶点mesh edges网状边mesh faces网状面mesh points网状点meter米millimeter毫米minimal edge length边线最小长度minimize application最小化显示minor radius ratio次要半径比率minor sweep angle 次要延伸角度mirror geometry镜像几何学mirror joint镜像骨骼misc杂项mode雕塑类型modeling建模modify extension更改扩展名modules模块motion blur运动模糊motion blur by frame 运动模糊值/帧motion blur type运动模糊类型Motion Paths运动路径mountain山脉move移动move and sew UVs 移动和缝合 UVsmove component移动结构元素move normal tool移动法线工具Move Tool移动工具Move/Rotate/Scale Tool 三合一工具multilister材质编辑窗multipixel filtering渲染图像柔化模糊滤波器multiplicity多样性name clash options名称冲突选项new curves新的曲线new layer新层new panel新面板new surfaces新的表面next arrangement下一视窗模式next view后一视图模式nice正常no field extension无场渲染扩展名no gate无取景框no options available没有选项可用noise attributes噪波属性noise freq噪波频率noise UV。
Mayan-玛雅文明-英文ppt
啊
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
11
RELIGION
玛雅宗教
啊
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
12
religion 玛雅宗教
Religion interwinds culture life. The capital of a city-state is also the center of religions.
Mayan have great faith in religion.
They worship helios, rain god, god of deat啊h, god of grain, Mars, god of corn etc. [ 太阳神、 雨神、五谷神、死神、 战神、玉米神等]。
2021/3/10
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
16
calendar 玛雅历法
?
Primary life But Accurate math,astro啊nomy,calendar
Mystery
2021/3/10
讲解：XX
17
MYSTERY RELIC
玛雅神秘文物
2021/3/10
[新版]英语-玛雅语词汇对比表
![[新版]英语-玛雅语词汇对比表](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7812a7e6f80f76c66137ee06eff9aef8941e488d.png)
A Basic English - Yucatec Mayan Dictionary a little hun p’iit or hump'iitable to pahtalabundance ya'abache (n) k’iinamafter tu lak’inagain tu ka teem, ka teenaguardiente hiimallow chaikalready tanilialso xanalthough kexancient uchbenand tun, yetelanswer (n, v) núukant sinikanxious taakarrive k’uch’ask k’aat, kaatikbaby chaanpalbad k’asbaked pooka’anbanana ta’asbasket xu’uxbath, bathe ichkíilbe possible páahtalbeach k’a’anab, háal habeard me'exbeautiful (f) kíichpanIsn't she beautiful? Hach kíichpan, ma asima? beauty hatsutsilbecause tumen, beyho’beef wakaxbeefsteak tsabi bakbehind pa’achi, pachbeneath yaanalbig nohoch, nuukbird ch’iich’bitter k’aahbone baakbook hu’unbowl luuchboy xiipalbread waahbring táasikbroken chinga’an, kaacha’albroth k’aabmeat, broth k’aab bak’burn (v) tóok, tóokikbuy maan, maanikcarry kuuchikcat miscave aktuncelebration cha’an center chumukchat tzíikbalcheap ma’ ko’ohichild paalclothes nook’, buuk coat nook’il ke’elcook meent hanalcome (you come) ko’oten come taalcool (adj.) siiscorn field or milpa kool courage ts'íikilcut down kool, koolikdamp ch’u’uld ay k’iindifficult talamdinner o’ochdirty eek’, hach k’as do beetikdog pek’door honahdrink uk’ul, uk’ikeach sansaamaearth lu’umeast lak’in, lik'ineat hanal, hantikenough ya'abended tsoka’anenter okolenter! ookenexpect páatikexplain tzol, tzoltikfall down luubulfar naachfast, quick séeb fat polokfather taatfinish (v) ts’o’okolfirst yáax, taanilfish (noun) kayfish (verb) chuuk kayflower nic te’food haanalfoot, my foot ok, in wokfriend (mine) in laakfriendly utsgirl xchúupalgive dzaglass píichigo bin, xíikgood, very good uts, hatsutz grandfather taatich, nool grandmother chiichgreen yáaxgriddle xamachhammock k’aanhand k’abhappiness ki’imak ool, óolal hard, tough dzuuyhat p’okhatchet báathave yaan tihave not mina’an tihe leti’height ka'analhelp áantikHelp me! aantenihers or his u tialhead polheart oolhere waye'hill muulhis u tialhorse tziiminhot chokohhouse nahil (pronounced nile)how bixhow about kux túunhow much bahúuxhow many (animate obj.) hai p’eelhow many (inanimate) hai tuulhow’s that? bixih? hunger wii’husband, my husband iicham, in wiichamI teenif wáahill koha’animportant, big nohochin front of u taninside ‘ichiis yanisn’t that right? maasima’ ?joke (v, n) p'a'asjug chuuhjuice k’aabjungle k’áaxjust, only chenjust now táan tekiss (v, n) ts'u'uts'knee piixknife, machete maaskabknow someone k’ahoolknow something ohel, (often wohel)language t’aanlarge, big nohochlater, until later ka’ka’te, ta'ak tu la'akin learn kanikleave ho’okolleft (direction) dziikleg káan, okillet’s or let's go ko’oxlet’s (all) kone’exlie, untruth tuslie (tell untruth) tusiklisten (verb) ‘u’uyiklisten! ‘u’uyehlittle chanlook for kaxanlove (n) yaahlove (v) yaakun, yaakuntikmake (something) meentikman uinik, máakmany yáabmeet (someone) kaholtikmiddle chumúukmind (noun) óolmine (not yours) in tial monkey tuucha’more than maas ti’mosquito chan koxolmother na’mouth chi’much, too much ya'abmust, I must yaan, yaan inmy inname k’áabanear naats'need, I need k’abeet, k’abeet ten neither, nor mixnew tumbenno ma’noon chumuk k’iinnorth xamannose ni’okay ma’alobokay then ma'alob túunold uchbenold person nuxib (M), (x)nuuk (F) one hunorange pak’aalover there teelo’over, on top of yok’olpain yahpain (stronger) kinaampaint (v) boonpapaya puutpig keek’enpicture ‘awooche uyoochel place (n.) kahalplant (v) pak'plantain ha’aspool ch’enpoor óotzilproblem toopprepare beet meenpresident nohoch halach winikpretty kíichpanpreviously ka’chiprice toholpumpkin k’uumpurse chiim, pawo’pyramid muulrain ha’read xóokrelatives laako'obribs cha’ala’ato’obright away séebroad belrock tunichrope suumsay a’al, a’aliksee il, iliksend túuxtikshirt kootonshoe, sandal xanabshow (v) e’est, e’estik sing kaisister kiikskin (n) oot'sky káana’slowly cháam beelilso béeysoon séeb, háansoup ya’achspice yóochsquash (noun) K’úum stay p’áatalstorm chich íikstory tsikbalsun k’íinswim baabthree óoxtired ka’anantoday behla(e)tomato p’aaktomorrow sáamaltowel cho’obo ha’turtle ‘áakup k’aanaurgent seebvegetati on k’aaxwant k’áatwho máaxwhy báaxtenwrite dzíibtik。
Maya 菜单中英文对照
Maya 菜单中英文对照1.Standard标准菜单2.File文件3.New Scene建立新场景4.Open Scene打开场景5.Save Scene存盘场景6.Save Scene As改名存盘7.Import导入8.Export All导出所有9.Export Selection导出选定物体10.Create Reference引入场景文件11.Reference Editor引入场景编辑器12.Project项目13.New建立新项目14.Edit Current编辑当前项目15.Set指定当前项目16.Exit退出17.Edit编辑18.Undo取消上一次操作19.Redo恢复上一次操作20.Repeat重复最后一次操作21.Keys关键帧22.Cut Keys裁剪关键帧23.Copy Keys拷贝关键帧24.Paste Keys粘贴关键帧25.Delete Keys删除关键帧26.Scale Keys缩放关键帧27.Bake Simulation模拟复制28.Delete删除29.Delete by Type根据类型删除30.History构造历史31.Channels通道32.Static Channels静帧通道33.Motion Paths运动路径34.Expressions表达式35.Constraints约束36.Rigid Bodies刚体37.Delete All by Type根据类型删除所有38.History构造历史39.Channels通道40.Static Channels静帧通道41.Motion Paths运动路径42.Expressions表达式43.Constraints约束44.Unused Transforms未用变形45.Joints连接46.IK Handles逆向运动控制柄ttices车削48.Clusters族49.Sculpt Objects雕刻物体50.Wires网格51.Lights灯光52.Cameras照相机53.Image Planes图像板54.Shading Groups and Materials阴影组和材质55.Particles粒子56.Rigid Bodies刚体物体57.Rigid Constraints刚体约束58.Select All选择所有59.Select All by Type根据类型选择所有60.Joints连接61.IK Handles逆向运动控制柄ttices车削63.Clusters族64.Sculpt Objects雕刻物体65.Wires网格66.Transforms变形67.Geometry几何体68.NURBS Geometry NURBS几何体69.Polygon Geometry多边形几何体70.Lights灯光71.Cameras照相机72.Image Planes图像板73.Particles粒子74.Rigid Bodies刚体物体75.Rigid Constraints刚体约束76.Quick Select Set快速选择集yers层78.New Layers建立新层79.Rename Layer更改层名称80.Remove Current Layer移去当前层yer Editor层编辑器82.Transfer to Layer转化为层83.Select All on Layer选择层上所有物体84.Hide Layer隐藏层85.Hide All Layers隐藏所有层86.Show Layer显示层87.Show All Layers显示所有层88.Template Layer临时层89.Untemplate Layer解除临时层90.Hide Inactive Layers隐藏非活动层91.Template Inactive Layers临时非活动层92.Duplicate复制93.Group成组94.Ungroup解成组95.Create Empty Group建立空成组96.Parent建立父物体97.Unparent解除父物体98.Modify修改99.Transformation Tools变形工具100.Move Tool移动工具101.Rotate Tool旋转工具102.Scale Tool缩放工具103.Show Manipulator Tool显示手动工具104.Default Object Manipulator默认调节器105.Proportional Modi Tool比例修改工具106.Move Limit Tool移动限制工具107.Rotate Limit Tool旋转限制工具108.Scale Limit Tool缩放限制工具109.Reset Transformations重新设置变形控制110.Freeze Transformations冻结变形控制111.Enable Nodes授权动画节点112.All所有113.IK solvers逆向运动连接器114.Constraints约束115.Expressions表达式116.Particles粒子117.Rigid Bodies刚体118.Snapshots快照119.Disable Node废弃动画节点120.Make Live激活构造物121.Center Pivot置中枢轴点122.Prefix Hierarchy Names定义前缀123.Add Attribute增加属性124.Measure测量125.Distance Tool距离工具126.Parameter Tool参数工具127.Arc Length Tool弧度工具128.Animated Snapshot动画快照- 3 -129.Animated Sweep由动画曲线创建几何体曲面130.Display显示131.Geometry几何体132.Backfaces背面ttice Points车削点ttice Shape车削形135.Local Rotation Axes局部旋转轴136.Rotate Pivots旋转枢轴点137.Scale Pivots缩放枢轴点138.Selection Handles选定句柄139.NURBS Components NURBS元素140.CVs CV曲线141.Edit Points编辑点142.Hulls可控点143.Custom定制144.NURBS Smoothness NURBS曲面光滑处理145.Hull物体外壳146.Rough边框质量147.Medium中等质量148.Fine精细质量149.Custom定制150.Polygon Components多边形元素151.Custom Polygon Display定制多边形显示152.Fast Interaction快速交错显示153.Camera/Light Manipulator照相机/灯光操作器154.Sound声音155.Joint Size关节尺寸156.IK Handle Size IK把手尺寸157.Window窗口158.General Editors通用编辑器159.Set Editor系统设置编辑器160.Attribute Spread Sheet属性编辑器161.Tool Settings工具设置162.Filter Action Editor滤镜动作编辑器163.Channel Control通道控制信息164.Connection Editor连接编辑器165.Performance Settings性能设置166.Script Editor Script编辑器mand Shell命令窗口168.Plug-in Manager滤镜管理器169.Rendering Editors渲染编辑器170.Rendering Flags渲染标记171.Hardware Render Buffer硬件渲染缓冲区172.Render View渲染视图173.Shading Groups Editor阴影组编辑器174.Texture View质地视图175.Shading Group Attributes阴影组属性176.Animation Editors动画编辑器177.Graph Editor图形编辑器178.Dope Sheet179.Blend Shape融合形180.Device Editor设备编辑器181.Dynamic Relationships动态关系182.Attribute Editor属性编辑器183.Outliner框架184.Hypergraph超图形185.Multilister多功能渲染控制186.Expression Editor表达式编辑器187.Recent Commands当前命令188.Playblast播放预览189.View Arangement视图安排190.Four四分191.3 Top Split上三分192.3 Left Split左三分193.3 Right Split右三分194.3 Bottom Split底部三分195.2 Stacked二叠分196.2 Side By Side二平分197.Single单图198.Previous Arrangement前次安排199.Next Arrangement下次安排200.Saved Layouts保存布局201.Single Perspective View单透视图202.Four View四分图203.Persp/Graph/Hyper透视/图形/超图形204.Persp/Multi/Render透视/多功能/渲染205.Persp/Multi/Outliner透视/多功能/轮廓206.Persp/Multi透视/多功能207.Persp/Outliner透视/轮廓208.Persp/Graph透视/图形209.Persp/Set Editor透视/组编辑器210.Edit Layouts编辑布局211.Frame Selected in All Views所有视图选定帧212.Frame All in All Views所有视图的所有帧213.Minimize Application最小化应用214.Raise Application Windows移动窗口向前215.Options可选项216.General Preferences一般设置- 5 -217.UI Preferences用户界面设置218.Customize UI定制用户界面219.Hotkeys快捷键220.Colors颜色221.Marking Menus标记菜单222.Shelves书架223.Panels面板224.Save Preferences保存设置225.Status Line状态栏226.Shelf书架227.Feedback Line反馈栏228.Channel Box通道面板229.Time Slider时间滑动棒230.Range Slider范围滑动棒mand Line命令行232.Help Line帮助行233.Show Only Viewing Panes仅显示视图面板234.Show All Panes显示所有面板235.Modeling建模系统236.Primitives基本物体237.Create NURBS创建NURBS物体238.Sphere球体239.Cube立方体240.Cylinder圆柱体241.Cone圆台（锥）体242.Plane平面物体243.Circle圆244.Create Polygons创建多边形物体245.Sphere球体246.Cube立方体247.Cylinder圆柱体248.Cone圆台（锥）体249.Plane平面物体250.Torus面包圈251.Create Text创建文本252.Create Locator创建指示器253.Construction Plane构造平面254.Create Camera创建照相机255.Curves创建曲线256.CV Curve Tool CV曲线工具257.EP Curve Tool EP曲线工具258.Pencil Curve Tool笔曲线工具259.Add Points Tool加点工具260.Curve Editing Tool曲线编辑工具261.Offset Curve曲线移动262.Offset Curve On Surface曲线在表面移动263.Project Tangent曲线切线调整264.Fillet Curve带状曲线265.Rebuild Curve重建曲线266.Extend Curve扩展曲线267.Insert Knot插入节点268.Attach Curves连接曲线269.Detach Curves断开曲线270.Align Curves对齐曲线271.Open/Close Curves打开/关闭曲线272.Reserse Curves反转曲线273.Duplicate Curves复制曲线274.CV Hardness硬化曲线275.Fit B-spline适配贝塔曲线276.Surfaces曲面277.Bevel斜角278.Extrude凸出279.Loft放样280.Planar曲面281.Revolve旋转282.Boundary边界283.Birail 1 Tool二对一工具284.Birail 2 Tool二对二工具285.Birail 3+ Tool二对三工具286.Circular Fillet圆边斜角287.Freeform Fillet自由形斜角288.Fillet Blend Tool斜角融合工具289.Edit Surfaces编辑曲面290.Intersect Surfaces曲面交叉291.Project Curve投影曲线292.Trim Tool修整曲线工具293.Untrim Surfaces撤消修整294.Rebuild Surfaces重建曲面295.Prepare For Stitch准备缝合296.Stitch Surface Points点缝合曲面297.Stitch Tool缝合工具298.NURBS to Polygons NURBS转化为多边形299.Insert Isoparms添加元素300.Attach Surfaces曲面结合301.Detach Surfaces曲面分离302.Align Surfaces曲面对齐- 7 -303.Open/Close Surfaces打开/关闭曲面304.Reverse Surfaces反转曲面305.Polygones多边形306.Create Polygon Tool创建多边形工具307.Append to Polygon Tool追加多边形308.Split Polygon Tool分离多边形工具309.Move Component移动元素310.Subdivide多边形细化311.Collapse面转点312.Edges边界313.Soften/Harden柔化/硬化314.Close Border关闭边界315.Merge Tool合并工具316.Bevel斜角317.Delete and Clean删除和清除318.Facets面319.Keep Facets Together保留边线320.Extrude凸出321.Extract破碎322.Duplicate复制323.Triangulate三角分裂324.Quadrangulate四边形合并325.Trim Facet Tool面修整工具326.Normals法向327.Reverse倒转法向328.Propagate传播法向329.Conform统一法向330.Texture质地331.Assign Shader to Each Projection指定投影332.Planar Mapping平面贴图333.Cylindrical Mapping圆柱体贴图334.Spherical Mapping球体贴图335.Delete Mapping删除贴图336.Cut Texture裁剪纹理337.Sew Texture斜拉纹理338.Unite联合339.Separate分离340.Smooth光滑341.Selection Constraints选定限定工具342.Smart Command Settings改变显示属性343.Convert Selection转化选定344.Uninstall Current Settins解除当前设定345.Animation动画模块346.Keys关键帧347.Settings设置关键帧348.Auto Key自动设置关键帧349.Spline样条曲线式350.Linear直线式351.Clamped夹具式352.Stepped台阶式353.Flat平坦式354.Other其他形式355.Set Driven Key设置驱动关键帧356.Set设置357.Go To Previous前移358.Go To Next后退359.Set Key设置帧360.Hold Current Keys保留当前帧361.Paths路径362.Set Path Key设置路径关键帧363.Attach to Path指定路径364.Flow Path Object物体跟随路径365.Skeletons骨骼366.Joint Tool关节工具367.IK Handle Tool反向动力学句柄工具368.IK Spline Handle Tool反向动力学样条曲线句柄工具369.Insert Joint Tool添加关节工具370.Reroot Skeleton重新设置根关节371.Remove Joint去除关节372.Disconnect Joint解除连接关节373.Connect Joint连接关节374.Mirror Joint镜向关节375.Set Preferred Angle设置参考角376.Assume Preferred Angle377.Enable IK Solvers反向动力学解算器有效378.EIk Handle Snap反向动力学句柄捕捉有效379.ESelected IK Handles反向动力学句柄有效380.DSelected IK Handles反向动力学句柄无效381.Deformations变形382.Edit Menbership Tool编辑成员工具383.Prune Membership变形成员384.Cluster簇变形ttice旋转变形386.Sculpt造型变形387.Wire网格化变形ttice旋转389.Sculpt造型- 9 -390.Cluster簇391.Point On Curve线点造型392.Blend Shape混合变形393.Blend Shape Edit混合变形编辑394.Add增加395.Remove删除396.Swap交换397.Wire Tool网格化工具398.Wire Edit网格编辑399.Add增加400.Remove删除401.Add Holder增加定位曲线402.Reset重置403.Wire Dropoff Locator网线定位器404.Wrinkle Tool褶绉变形工具405.Edit Lattice编辑旋转406.Reset Lattice重置旋转407.Remove Lattice Tweeks恢复旋转408.Display I-mediate Objects显示中间物体409.Hide Intermediate Objects隐藏中间物体410.Skinning皮肤411.Bind Skin绑定蒙皮412.Detach Skin断开蒙皮413.Preserve Skin Groups保持皮肤组414.Detach Skeleton分离骨骼415.Detach Selected Joints分离选定关节416.Reattach Skeleton重新连接骨骼417.Reattach Selected Joints重新连接关节418.Create Flexor创建屈肌419.Reassign Bone Lattice Joint再指定骨头关节420.Go to Bind Pose恢复骨头绑定421.Point关节422.Aim目标423.Orient方向424.Scale缩放425.Geometry几何体426.Normal法向427.Rendering428.Lighting灯光429.Create Ambient Light创建环境光430.Create Directional Light创建方向灯431.Create Point Light创建点光源432.Create Spot Light创建聚光灯433.Relationship Panel关系面板434.Light Linking Tool灯光链接工具435.Shading 阴影436.Shading Group Attributes阴影组属性437.Create Shading Group创建阴影组mbert朗伯材质439.Phong Phong材质440.Blinn布林材质441.Other其他材质442.Assign Shading Group指定阴影组443.InitialParticleSE初始粒子系统444.InitialShadingGroup初始阴影组445.Shading Group Tool阴影组工具446.Texture Placement Tool纹理位移工具447.Render渲染448.Render into New Window渲染至新窗口449.Redo Previous Render重复上次渲染450.Test Resolution测试分辨率451.Camera Panel照相机面板452.Render Globals一般渲染453.Batch Render批渲染454.Cancel Batch Render取消批渲染455.Show Batch Render显示批渲染456.Dynamics动力学系统457.Settings设置458.Initial State初始状态459.Set For Current当前设置460.Set For All Dynamic设置总体动力学特性461.Rigid Body Solver刚体解算器462.Dynamics Controller动力学控制器463.Particle Collision Events粒子爆炸464.Particle Caching粒子缓冲465.Run-up and Cache执行缓冲466.Cache Current Frame缓冲当前帧467.Set Selected Particles设置选定粒子468.Dynamics On动力学开469.Dynamics Off动力学关470.Set All Particles设置所有粒子471.Particles All On When Run执行时粒子系统开472.Auto Create Rigid Body自动创建刚体473.Particles粒子- 11 -474.Particle Tool粒子工具475.Create Emitter创建发射器476.Add Emitter增加发射器477.Add Collisions增加碰撞478.Add Goal增加目标479.Fields场480.Create Air创建空气动力场481.Create Drag创建拖动场482.Create Gravity创建动力场483.Create Newton创建牛顿场484.Create Radial创建辐射动力场485.Create Turbulence创建震荡场486.Create Uniform创建统一场487.Create V ortex创建涡流场488.Add Air增加空气动力场489.Add Newton增加牛顿场490.Add Radial增加辐射场491.Add Turbulence增加震荡场492.Add Uniform增加统一场493.Add Vortex增加涡流场494.Connect连接495.Connect to Field场连接496.Connect to Emitter发射器连接497.Connect to Collision碰撞连接498.Bodies柔体和刚体499.Create Active Rigid Body创建正刚体500.Create Passive Rigid Body创建负刚体501.Create Constraint创建约束物体502.Create Soft Body创建柔体503.Create Springs创建弹簧504.Set Active Key设置正向正505.Set Passive Key设置负向正506.Help帮助507.Product Information产品信息508.Help帮助。
玛雅2020中英文切换中英文圣诞祝福语(2020)
玛雅2020中英文切换中英文圣诞祝福语(2020)中英文圣诞祝福语圣诞祝福语Wishing you a song in your heart at Christmas and blessings all year long.圣诞之际，祝你心中有首快乐的歌，新年快乐! Merry Christmas and happy New Year!圣诞快乐，恭贺新禧!Wishing you peace, joy and happiness through Christmas and the ing year.在圣诞和新年来临之际，祝福你平安、快乐、幸福!Warm greetings and best wishes for Christmas and the New Year!致以热烈的祝贺和良好的祝福，圣诞快乐，新年快乐。
Thinking of you and wishing you a beautiful Christmas season.美丽的圣诞节之际，谨致我的思念与祝福。
It seems that Christmas time is here once again, and it is time again to ping in the New Year. We wish the merriest of Christmas to you and your loved ones, and we wish you happiness and prosperity in the year ahead.圣诞节转眼又到，又该迎接新的一年了。
我们向你及你的亲人们致以最美好的圣诞祝福，愿你在新的一年里事业兴旺，幸福美满! May Christmas and the New Year be filled with happiness for you.愿你圣诞和新年幸福无尽。
A Christmas greeting and good wishes to you who is thought about all the year through. Have a beautiful Christmas and a happy New Year.始终思念你，捎来圣诞佳节最美好的祝福，祝圣诞吉祥，新年如意。
玛雅文明(英文)
The history can be divided: Pre-Classic period Classic period Post-classical period
Pre-Classic period: the formative period of Mayan, about BC.2500～AD.250. The countries came into being, as well as hieroglyph(象形文字).
According to the prediction, the scientists do enough research. In their opinion, it’s misunderstood. That day is a new “Zero Day”, representing an end of coming again and again, a new beginning, turning into a new civilization, rather than doomsday.
Post-classical period after (约1000～ 1520):infulenced by Mexico greatly. About 1523～1524,the Mayan civilization were ruined permanently by the colonists in Mexico.
Classic period (AD. 250～900) : the peak of Mayan Urban planning and constructions developed quickly. About 800～900, Mayan civilization went down suddenly.
玛雅圣书 Popol Vuh 英文版
The Book of the People:POPUL VUHTranslated into English byDelia Goetz and Sylvanus Griswold Morleyfrom Adrián Recino's translationfrom Quiché into SpanishPlantin Press, Los Angeles[1954, copyright not registered or renewed]Scanned at , October, 2003. J. B. Hare, redactor. This text is in the public domain. These files may be used for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice of attribution accompanies all copies, printed or electronic.PreambleTHIS IS THE BEGINNING of the old traditions of this place called Quiché.Here we shall write and we shall begin the old stories, the beginning and the origin of all that was done in the town of the Quiché, by the tribes of the Quiché nation.And here we shall set forth the revelation, the declaration, and the narration of all that was hidden, the revelation by Tzacol, Bitol, Alom, Qaholom, who are called Hunahpú-Vuch, Hunahpú-Utiú, Zaqui-Nimá-Tziís, Tepeu, Gucumatz, u Qux cho, u Qux Paló, Ali Raxá Lac, Ah Raxá Tzel, as they were called. And [at the same time] the declaration, the combined narration of the Grandmother and the Grandfather, whose names are Xpiyacoc, and Xmucané, helpers and protectors, twice grandmother, twice grandfather, so called in the Quiché chronicles. Then we shall tell all that they did in the light of existence, in the light of history.This we shall write now under the Law of God and Christianity; we shall bring it to light because now the Popol Vuh, as it is called, cannot be seen any more, in which was dearly seen the coming from the other side of the sea and the narration of our obscurity, and our life was clearly seen. The original book, written long ago, existed, but its sight is hidden to the searcher and to the thinker. Great were the descriptions and the account of how all the sky and earth were formed, how it was formed and divided into four parts; how it was partitioned, and how the sky was divided; and the measuring-cord was brought, and it was stretched in the sky and over the earth, on the four angles, on the four corners, as was told by the Creator and the Maker, the Mother and the Father of Life, of all created things, he who gives breath and thought, she who gives birth to the children, he who watches over the happiness of the people, the happiness of the human race, the wise man, he who meditates on the goodness of all that exists in the sky, on the earth, in the lakes and in the sea.PART I: Chapter 1THIS IS THE ACCOUNT OF HOW ALL WAS in suspense, all calm, in silence; all motionless, still, and the expanse of the sky was empty.This is the first account, the first narrative. There was neither man, nor animal, birds, fishes, crabs, trees, stones, caves, ravines, grasses, nor forests; there was only the sky.The surface of the earth had not appeared. There was only the calm sea and the great expanse of the sky.There was nothing brought together, nothing which could make a noise, nor anything which might move, or tremble, or could make noise in the sky.There was nothing standing; only the calm water, the placid sea, alone and tranquil. Nothing existed.There was only immobility and silence in the darkness, in the night. Only the creator, the Maker, Tepeu, Gucumatz, the Forefathers, were in the water surrounded with light. They were hidden under green and blue feathers, and were therefore called Gucumatz. By nature they were great sages and great thinkers. In this manner the sky existed and also the Heart of Heaven, which is the name of God and thus He is called.Then came the word. Tepeu and Gucumatz came together in the darkness, in the night, and Tepeu and Gucumatz talked together. They talked then, discussing and deliberating; they agreed, they united their words and their thoughts.Then while they meditated, it became clear to them that when dawn would break, man must appear. Then they planned the creation, and the growth of the trees and the thickets and the birth of life and the creation of man. Thus it was arranged in the darkness and in the night by the Heart of Heaven who is called Huracán.The first is called Caculhá Huracán. The second is Chipi-Caculhá. The third is Raxa-Caculhá. And these three are the Heart of Heaven.Then Tepeu and Gucumatz came together; then they conferred about life and light, what they would do so that there would be light and dawn, who it would be who would provide food and sustenance.Thus let it be done! Let the emptiness be filled! Let the water recede and make a void, let the earth appear and become solid; let it be done. Thus they spoke. Let there be light, let there be dawn in the sky and on the earth! There shall be neither glory nor grandeur in our creation and formation until the human being is made, man is formed. So they spoke.Then the earth was created by them. So it was, in truth, that they created the earth. Earth! they said, and instantly it was made.Like the mist, like a cloud, and like a cloud of dust was the creation, when the mountains appeared from the water; and instantly the mountains grew.Only by a miracle, only by magic art were the mountains and valleys formed; and instantly the groves of cypresses and pines put forth shoots together on the surface of the earth.And thus Gucumatz was filled with joy, and exclaimed: "Your coming has been fruitful, Heart of Heaven; and you, Huracán, and you, Chipi-Caculhá, Raxa-Caculhá!""Our work, our creation shall be finished," they answered.First the earth was formed, the mountains and the valleys; the currents of water were divided, the rivulets were running freely between the hills, and the water was separated when the high mountains appeared.Thus was the earth created, when it was formed by the Heart of Heaven, the Heart of Earth, as they are called who first made it fruitful, when the sky was in suspense, and the earth was submerged in the water.So it was that they made perfect the work, when they did it after thinking and meditating upon it.I. Chapter 2Then they made the small wild animals, the guardians of the woods, the spirits of the mountains, the deer, the birds, pumas, jaguars, serpents, snakes. vipers, guardians of the thickets.And the Forefathers asked: 'Shall there be only silence and calm under the trees, under the vines? It is well that hereafter there be someone to guard them."So they said when they meditated and talked. Promptly the deer and the birds were created. immediately they gave homes to the deer and the birds. "You, deer, shall sleep in the fields by the river bank and in the ravines. Here you shall be amongst the thicket, amongst the pasture; in the woods you shall multiply, you shall walk on four feet and they will support you. Thus be it done!" So it was they spoke.Then they also assigned homes to the birds big and small. "You shall live in the trees and in the vines. There you shall make your nests; there you shall multiply; there you shall increase in the branches of the trees and in the vines." Thus the deer and the birds were told; they did their duty at once, and all sought their homes and their nests.And the creation of all the four-footed animals and the birds being finished, they were told by the Creator and the Maker and the Forefathers: "Speak, cry, warble, call, speak each one according to your variety, each, according to your kind." So was it said to the deer, the birds, pumas, jaguars, and serpents."Speak, then, our names, praise us, your mother, your father. Invoke then, Huracán, Chipi-Caculhá, Raxa-Caculhá, the Heart of Heaven, the Heart of Earth, the Creator, the Maker, the Forefathers; speak, invoke us, adore us," they were told.But they could not make them speak like men; they only hissed and screamed and cackled; they were unable to make words, and each screamed in a different way.When the Creator and the Maker saw that it was impossible for them to talk to each other, they said: "It is impossible for them to say our names, the names of us, their Creators and Makers. This is not well," said the Forefathers to each other.Then they said to them: "Because it has not been possible for you to talk, you shall be changed. We have changed our minds: Your food, your pasture, your homes. and your nests you shall have; they shall be the ravines and the woods, because it has not been possible for you to adore us or invoke us. There shall be those who adore us, we shall make other [beings] who shall be obedient. Accept your destiny: your flesh shall be tom to pieces. So shall it be. This shall be your lot." So they said, when they made known their will to the large and small animals which are on the face of the earth.They wished to give them another trial; they, wished to make another attempt; they wished to make [all living things] adore them.But they could not understand each other's speech; they could succeed in nothing, and could do nothing. For this reason they were sacrificed and the animals which were on earth were condemned to be killed and eaten.For this reason another attempt had to be made to create and make men by the Creator, the Maker, and the Forefathers."Let us try again! Already dawn draws near: Let us make him who shall nourish and sustain us! What shall we do to be invoked, in order to be remembered on earth? We have already tried with our first creations, our first creatures; but we could not make them praise and venerate us. So, then, let us try to make obedient, respectful beings who will nourish and sustain us." Thus they spoke.Then was the creation and the formation. Of earth, of mud, they made [man's] flesh. But they saw that it was not good. It melted away, it was soft, did not move, had no strength, it fell down, it was limp, it could not move its head, its face fell to one side, its sight was blurred, it could not look behind. At first it spoke, but had no mind. Quickly it soaked in the water and could not stand.And the Creator and the Maker said: "Let us try again because our creatures will not be able to walk nor multiply. Let us consider this," they said.Then they broke up and destroyed their work and their creation. And they said: "What shall we do to perfect it, in order that our worshipers, our invokers, will be successful?"Thus they spoke when they conferred again: "Let us say again to Xpiyacoc, Xmucané, Hunahpú-Vuch, Hunahpú-Utiú: 'Cast your lot again. Try to create again.'" In this manner the Creator and the Maker spoke to Xpiyacoc and Xmucané.Then they spoke to those soothsayers, the Grandmother of the day, the Grandmother of the Dawn, as they were called by the Creator and the Maker, and whose names were Xpiyacoc and Xmucané.And said Huracán, Tepeu, and Gucumatz when they spoke to the soothsayer, to the Maker, who are the diviners: "You must work together and find the means so that man, whom we shall make, man, whom we are going to make, will nourish and sustain us, invoke and remember us."Enter, then, into council, grandmother, grandfather, our grandmother, our grandfather, Xpiyacoc, Xmucané, make light, make dawn. have us invoked, have us adored, have us remembered by created man, by made man, by mortal man. Thus be it done."Let your nature be known, Hunahpú-Vuch, Hunahpú-Utiú, twice-mother, twice-father, Nim-Ac, Nima-Tziís, the master of emeralds, the worker in jewels, the sculptor, the carver, the maker of beautiful plates, the maker of green gourds, the master of resin, the master Toltecat, grandmother of the sun, grandmother of dawn, as you will be called by our works and our creatures."Cast the lot with your grains of corn and tzité. Do it thus and we shall know if we are to make, or carve his mouth and eyes out of wood." Thus the diviners were told.They went down at once to make their divination, and cast their lots with the corn and the tzité. "Fate! Creature!" said an old woman and an old man. And this old man was the one who cast the lots with Tzité, the one called Xpiyacoc. And the old woman was the diviner, the maker, called Chiracán Xmucané.Beginning the divination, they said: "Get together, grasp each other! Speak, that we may hear." They said, "Say if it is well that the wood be got together and that it be carved by the Creator and the Maker, and if this [man of wood] is he who must nourish and sustain us when there is light when it is day!"Thou, corn; thou, tzité; thou, fate; thou, creature; get together, take each other," they said to the corn, to the tzité, to fate, to the creature. "Come to sacrifice here, Heart of Heaven; do not punish Tepeu and Gucumatz!"Then they talked and spoke the truth: "Your figures of wood shall come out well; they shall speak and talk on earth.""So may it be," they answered when they spoke.And instantly the figures were made of wood. They looked like men, talked like men, and populated the surface of the earth.They existed and multiplied; they had daughters, they had sons, these wooden figures; but they did not have souls, nor minds, they did not remember their Creator, their Maker; they walked on all fours, aimlessly.They no longer remembered the Heart of Heaven and therefore they fell out of favor. It was merely a trial, an attempt at man. At first they spoke, but their face was without expression; their feet and hands had no strength; they had no blood, nor substance, nor moisture, nor flesh; their cheeks were dry, their feet and hands were dry, and their flesh was yellow.Therefore, they no longer thought of their Creator nor their Maker, nor of those who made them and cared for them.These were the first men who existed in great numbers on the face of the earth.I. Chapter 3Immediately the wooden figures were annihilated, destroyed, broken up, and killed.A flood was brought about by the Heart of Heaven; a great flood was formed which fell on the heads of the wooden creatures.Of tzité the flesh of man was made, but when woman was fashioned by the Creator and the Maker, her flesh was made of rushes. These were the materials the Creator and the Maker wanted to use in making them.But those that they had made, that they had created, did not think, did not speak with their Creator, their Maker. And for this reason they were killed, they were deluged. A heavy resin fell from the sky. The one called Xecotcovach came and gouged out their eyes; Camalotz came and cut off their heads; Cotzbalam came and devoured their flesh. Tucumbalam came, too, and broke and mangled their bones and their nerves, and ground and crumbled their bones.This was to punish them because they had not thought of their mother, nor their father, the Heart of Heaven, called Huracán. And for this reason the face of the earth was darkened and a black rain began to fall, by day and by night.Then came the small animals and the large animals, and sticks and stones struck their faces. And all began to speak: their earthen jars, their griddles, their plates, their pots, their grinding stones, all rose up and struck their faces."You have done us much harm; you ate us, and now we shall kill you," said their dogs and birds of the barnyard.And the grinding stones said: "We were tormented by you; every day, every day, at night, at dawn, all the time our faces went holi, holi, huqui, huqui, because of you. This was the tribute we paid you. But now that you are no longer men, you shall feel our strength. We shall grind and tear your flesh to pieces," said their grinding stones.And then their dogs spoke and said: "Why did you give us nothing to eat? You scarcely looked at us, but you chased us and threw us out. You always had a stick ready to strike us while you were eating."Thus it was that you treated us. You did not speak to us. Perhaps we shall not kill you now; but why did you not look ahead, why did you not think about yourselves? Now we shall destroy you, now you shall feel the teeth of our mouths; we shall devour you," said the dogs, and then, they destroyed their faces.And at the same time, their griddles and pots spoke: "Pain and suffering you have caused us. Our mouths and our faces were blackened with soot; we were always put on the fire and you burned us as though we felt no pain. Now you shall feel it, we shall burn you," said their pots, and they all destroyed their [the wooden men's] faces. The stones of the hearth, which were heaped together, hurled themselves straight from the fire against their heads causing them pain.The desperate ones [the men of wood] ran as quickly as they could; they wanted to climb to the tops of the houses.And the houses fell down and threw them to the ground; they wanted to climb to the treetops, and the trees cast them far away; they wanted to enter the caverns, and the caverns repelled them.So was the ruin of the men who had been created and formed, the men made to be destroyed and annihilated; the mouths and faces of all of them were mangled.And it is said that their descendants are the monkeys which now live in the forests; these are all that remain of them because their flesh was made only of wood by the Creator and the Maker.And therefore the monkey looks like man, and is an example of a generation of men which were created and made but were only wooden figures.I. Chapter 4IT WAS CLOUDY AND TWILIGHT THEN ON the face of the earth. There was no sun yet. Nevertheless, there was a being called Vucub-Caquix, who was very proud of himself.The sky and the earth existed, but the faces of the sun and the moon were covered.And he [Vucub-Caquix] said: "Truly, they are clear examples of those people who were drowned, and their nature is that of supernatural beings."I shall now be great above all the beings created and formed. I am the sun, the light, the moon," he exclaimed. "Great is my splendor. Because of me men shall walk and conquer. For my eyes are of silver, bright, resplendent as precious stones, as emeralds; my teeth shine like perfect stones, like the face of the sky. My nose shines afar like the moon, my throne is of silver, and the face of the earth is lighted when I pass before my throne."So, then, I am the sun, I am the moon, for all mankind. So shall it be, because I can see very far."So Vucub-Caquix spoke. But he was not really the sun; he was only vainglorious of his feathers and his riches. And he could see only as far as the horizon, and he could not see over all the world.The face of the sun had not yet appeared, nor that of the moon, nor the stars, and it had not dawned. Therefore, Vucub-Caquix became as vain as though he were the sun and the moon,because the light of the sun and the moon had not yet shown itself His only ambition was to exalt himself and to dominate. And all this happened when the flood came because of the wooden-people.Now we shall tell how Vucub-Caquix was overthrown and died, and how man was made by the Creator and the Maker.I. Chapter 5THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF THE DEFEAT and the ruin of the glory of Vucub-Caquix brought about by two youths, the first of whom was called Hunahpú and the second, Xbalanqué. They were really gods. When they saw the harm which the arrogant one had done, and wished to do, in the presence of the Heart of Heaven, the youths said:"It is not good that it be so, when man does not yet live here on earth. Therefore, we shall try to shoot him with our blowgun when he is eating. We shall shoot him and make him sicken, and then that will be the end of his riches, his green stones, his precious metals, his emeralds, his jewels of which he is so proud. And this shall be the lot of all men, for they must not become vain, because of power and riches."Thus shall it be," said the youths, each one putting his blowgun to his shoulder.Well, now Vucub-Caquix had two sons: the first was called Zipacná, the second was Cabracán; and the mother of the two was called Chimalmat, the wife of Vucub-Caquix.Well, Zipacná played ball with the large mountains: with Chigag, Hunahpú, Pecul, Yaxcanul, Macamob, and Huliznab. These are the names of the mountains which existed when it dawned and which were created in a single night by Zipacná.In this way, then, Cabracán moved the mountains and made the large and small mountains tremble.And in this way the sons of Vucub-Caquix proclaimed their pride. "Listen! I am the sun!" said Vucub-Caquix. "I am he who made the earth!" said Zipacná. "I am he who shook the sky and made the earth tremble!" said Cabracán, In this way the sons of Vucub-Caquix followed the example of their father's assumed greatness. And this seemed very evil to the youths. Neither our first mother nor our first father had yet been created.Therefore, the deaths of Vucub-Caquix and his sons and their destruction was decided upon by the youths.I. Chapter 6Now we shall tell how the two youths shot their blowguns at Vucub-Caquix and how each one of those, who had become arrogant, was destroyed.Vucub-Caquix had a large nantze tree and he ate the fruit of it. Each day he went to the tree and climbed to the top. Hunahpú and Xbalanqué had seen that this fruit was his food. And they lay in ambush at the foot of the tree, hidden among the leaves. Vucub-Caquix came straight to his meal of nantzes.Instantly he was injured by a discharge from Hun-Hunahpú's blowgun which struck him squarely in the jaw, and screaming, he fell straight to earth from the treetop.Hun-Hunahpú ran quickly to overpower him, but Vucub-Caquix seized his arm and wrenching it from him, bent it back to the shoulder. In this way Vucub-Caquix tore out Hun-Hunahpú's arm. Surely the two youths did well in not letting themselves be defeated first by Vucub-Caquix.Carrying Hun-Hunahpú's arm, Vucub-Caquix went home, and arrived there nursing his jaw."What has happened to you, my lord?" said Chimalmat, his wife."What could it be, but those two demons who shot me with blowguns and dislocated my jaw? For that reason my teeth are loose and pain me very much. But I have brought it [his arm], to put it on the fire. Let it hang there over the fire, for surely these demons will come looking for it." So said Vucub-Caquix as he hung up the arm of Hun-Hunahpú.Having thought it over, Hun-Hunahpú and Xbalanqué went to talk with an old man who had snow-white hair and with an old woman, really very old and humble, both already bent, like very old people. The old man was called Zaqui-Nim-Ac and the old woman, Zaqui-Nima-Tziís. The youths said to the old woman and the old man:"Come with us to Vucub-Caquix's house to get our arm. We will follow you, and you shall tell them: 'These with us are our grandchildren; their mother and father are dead; so they follow us everywhere we are given alms, for the only thing that we know how to do is take the worm from the teeth.'"So Vucub-Caquix shall think we are boys and we shall also be there to advise you," said the two youths."Very well," answered the old man and woman.Then they started out for the place where they found Vucub-Caquix reclining on his throne. The old woman and man walked along followed by the two boys, who stayed behind them. In this way they arrived at the house of the lord who was screaming because his tooth pained him.When Vucub-Caquix saw the old man and the old woman and those who accompanied them, he asked, "Where do you come from, grandparents?""We come looking for something to eat, honorable sir," they answered."And what do you eat? Are those not your sons who are with you?""Oh, no, sir! They are our grandsons; but we are sorry for them and what is given to us, we share with them, sir," answered the old woman and the old man.Meanwhile, the lord was suffering terrible pain from his tooth, and it was only with great difficulty that he could speak."I earnestly beseech you to have pity on me. What can you do? What do you know how to cure?" the lord asked them.And the old ones answered, "Oh, sir! we only take the worm from the teeth, cure the eyes, and set bones.""Very well. Cure my teeth, which are really making me suffer day and night, and because of them and of my eyes I cannot be calm and cannot sleep. All of this is because two demons shot me with a pellet [from their blowgun] and for that reason I cannot eat. Have pity on me, then, tighten my teeth with your hands.""Very well, sir. It is a worm which makes you suffer. It will end when these teeth are pulled and others put in their place.""It is not well that you pull my teeth, because it is only with them that I am a lord and all my ornaments are my teeth and my eyes.""'We will put others of ground bone in their place." But the ground bone was nothing but grains of white corn."Very well, pull them out, come and relieve me," he replied.Then they pulled Vucub-Caquix's teeth; but in their place they put only grains of white corn, and these grains of corn shone in his mouth. Instantly his features sagged and he no longer looked like a lord. They removed the rest of his teeth which shone like pearls in his mouth. And finally they cured Vucub-Caquix's eyes, piercing the pupils of his eyes, and they took all his riches.But he felt nothing any more. He only watched, because at the advice of Hunahpú and Xbalanqué, they took from him all of the things of which he had been so proud.Then Vucub-Caquix died. Hun-Hunahpú recovered his arm. Chimalmat, the wife of Vucub-Caquix, also perished.In this way Vucub-Caquix lost his riches. The healer took all the emeralds and precious stones which had been his pride here on earth.The old woman and the old man who did this were miraculous beings; and having recovered the arm of Hun-Hunahpú, they put it in place, and it was all right again.It was only to bring about the death of Vucub-Caquix that they did this, because it seemed wicked to them that he should become so arrogant.And then the two youths went on, having in this way carried out the order of the Heart of Heaven.I. Chapter 7Here now are the deeds of Zipacná the elder son of Vucub-Caquix."I am the creator of the mountains," said Zipacná.Zipacná was bathing at the edge of a river when four hundred youths passed dragging a log to support their house. The four hundred were walking, after having cut down a large tree to make the ridge-pole of their house.Then Zipacná came up, and going toward the four hundred youths, said to them: "What are you doing, boys?""It is only this log," they answered, "which we cannot lift and carry on our shoulders.""I will carry it. Where does it have to go? What do you want it for?""For a ridge-pole for our house.""All right," he answered, and lifting it up, he put it on his shoulders and carried it to the entrance of the house of the four hundred boys."Now stay with us, boy," they said. "Have you a mother or father;""I have neither," he answered."Then we shall hire you tomorrow to prepare another log to support our house.""Good," he answered.The four hundred boys talked together then. and said:"How shall we kill this boy? Because it is not good what he has done lifting the log alone. Let us make a big hole and push him so that he will fall into it. 'Go down and take out the earth and carry it from the pit,' we shall tell him. and when he stoops down, to go down into the pit, we shall let the large log fall on him and he will die there in the pit."So said the four hundred boys, and then they dug a large, very deep pit. Then they called Zipacná."We like you very much. Go, go and dig dirt, for we cannot reach [the bottom of the pit]," they said.。
玛雅文明英文介绍
玛雅文明英文介绍文明civilizationMAYA *****ATION文明civilizationMAYA *****EOlmec Early Preclassic Maya Middle Preclassic Maya Late Preclassic Maya Early Classic Maya Late Classic Maya Post Classic Maya Colonial period Independent Mexico 1200-1000 BCE 1800-900 BCE 900-300 BCE 300 BCE - CE 250 250-600 CE 600-900 CE 900-1500 CE 1500-1800 CE 1821 to the present 文明civilizationMAYA *****HYLowlandsC CCWest borders Pacific Ocean, fertile plain Yucatan Peninsula Cenotes (excavated caverns) for water in east granite and volcanic area of Sierra Madre (Mexican Chiapas, Guatemala, Honduras) Rich land, abundant water Concentrated settlementHighlandsC C C文明civilizationMAYA *****Did not record history or daily lives, so much of what we know comes from archaeology and European (colonial) records Many holes in our knowledge, and educated guesses 文明civilizationMAYA *****Never recognized themselves as one people Related dialects C similar language City-states (Palenque, Copan, Chichen Itza) No king or emperor but nobility City-states tried to dominate each other (sound familiar?)文明civilizationMAYA *****Olmec lived in tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico Provided basis for Mesoamerican civilizations Bloodletting, glyphs similar to Maya Distinctive art (colossal heads) 文明civilizationMAYA ARTStelae C carved stone monuments Rulers in elaborate costumes Often with texts that described lineage and accomplishments Headdress, ceremonial bar文明civilizationMAYA ARTPacal death mask Love of jade Pottery popular文明civilizationMAYA *****CTUREHouses of poles and thatch (cool) Tikal (left) and Palenque (right)文明civilizationMAYA *****class society Caste (membership hereditary and movement rare) Little known about women, but evidence of city-state queensNobility Priests Warriors Craftsmen Traders Farmers Workers Slaves文明civilizationMAYA *****Corn (maize), beans, squash, chilies for flavour, domesticated turkey Loved dance, music pok-a-tuk (pok-a-tok) Maya ball game Losers (including coach) sacrificed /main.asp 文明civilizationMAYA *****Pierced ears, tattoos, body painting, straight black hair, Large headdress for importance (Pacal, leader of Palenque, to right) 文明civilizationMAYA TRADE AND *****Salt valued from Yucatan coast (preserve food, medicine, religious ceremonies) from north granite from low mountains of Belize Jade, volcanic glass, and obsidian from Chiapas highlands of western Guatemala Tikal and Copan ‘middlemen’ cit ies in trade cacao文明civilizationMAYA *****/TRADEQuetzal feathers for nobility headdress Extensive trade over 1000 miles Porters carry goods (no beasts of burden) 文明civilizationMAYA *****GY/*****IONCalendar 260 days Also tracked solar 365 calendar文明civilizationMAYA *****OGY/*****IONMath based on multiples of 20 0, 1, 2 5, 6 10, 11 15, 16文明civilizationMAYA *****Writing 800 glyphs (picture/symbol represents an object, idea, or sound Read left to right andtop to bottom Only elite could read as writing considered tobe gift from the gods Wrote many books (destroyed by Spanish) 文明civilizationMAYA *****NDriving force behind every aspect of life Public temples and household shrines Organized religion Established schedule for agriculture Polytheistic and revolved around nature (eg. Chac C Rain God)。
Mayan 玛雅文明 英文ppt
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10
character 玛雅文字
A set of syllabic glyphs, each chracter contains four syllabaries. somewhat similar in function to modern Japanese writing.
MAYAN CIVILIZATION
玛雅文明
Present by : Della Ann Blinda Susan
精选完整ppt课件
1
MAYAN CIVILIZATION
玛雅文明
Present by : Della Ann Blinda Susan
精选完整ppt课件
2
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Complex calendar system
the Tzolkin卓金历 260 days a cycle ?
太阴历 6 months a cycle the lunar calendar 阴月历 29 or 30 days a cycle the solar calendar啊太阳历 365 days a cycle
mayancivilization玛雅文明presentdellaannblindasusan玛雅文明presentdellaannblindasusanmayancivilizationorigin玛雅起源origin玛雅起源origin玛雅起源?briefintroduction?geographicalextentmath玛雅数学math玛雅数学character玛雅文字10character玛雅文字mayanglyphsfirstappearedca
They worship helios, rain god, god of deat啊h, god of grain, Mars, god of corn etc. [ 太阳神、 雨神、五谷神、死神DAR
玛雅文化(英文版)
Thank you!
刘立 Shirley 2011411057
15 400＋1 20 Nhomakorabea＋
6
6026
This is a imagination picture in spiritual civilization period .
This is a timing tool.
Macross universe rocket design(超时空宇宙火箭设计图)
Maya civilization
刘立 Shirley 2011411057
The Maya is a Mesoamerican (中美洲） civilization .
The Maya lived in the eastern one third of Mesoamerica, mainly on the Yucatan Peninsula(尤 卡坦半岛). They are a group of related Native American tribes who have the same linguistic organization.
The Mayan Civilization Time Line
a. b. c. The Pre-Classic Period : 2000 B.C.250 A.D. The Classic Period : 250 A.D.-900 A.D. The Post-Classic Period :900 A.D.1500 A.D.
The causes of the collapse(崩溃) of Maya civilization
Until now, almost the whole of the Mayan civilization is covered with a layer of mystery, just like refusing us to analysis it. Indeed, on ninth Century, the Maya death hypotheses(假 设) emerge in an endless stream(层出不穷), such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes and so on natural disasters; plague(瘟疫), collective poisoning and so on infectious diseases(传染病) . Despite all the hypothesis of public opinions are divergent , but none of the hypothesis has sufficient evidence to be believed.
小学英语 英美文化小贴士 2012世界末日与玛雅文明(中英对照)素材
2012世界末日与玛雅文明7。
Time is actually speeding up （or collapsing）. For thousands of years the Schumann Resonance or pulse (heartbeat）of Earth has been 7。
83 cycles per second，The military have used this as a very reliable reference. However，since 1980 this resonance has been slowly rising. It is now over 12 cycles per second! This mean there is the equalivant of less than 16 hours per day instead of the old 24 hours。
Another intrepetation is - we, or rather Consciousness have been down this same road seven times before over the last 16 billion years. Each of these cycles of Creation runs 20 times faster than the last one。
The same amount of Creation is paced 20 times tighter. This is why time seems to be going so fast。
It is not ”time” but Creation itself that is accelerating. （see Mayan Calendar Central)7．时间正在加速（或说塌缩)。
玛雅文——精选推荐
玛雅⽂
Mayawen
玛雅⽂
Maya script
中美洲玛雅民族的古⽂字。
玛雅是美洲⼟著民族之
⼀，居住在今墨西哥尤卡坦半岛和⼴⼤的四周地区。
他们创造了美洲最古和最⾼的⽂化。
玛雅⼈⽤⽑发制笔,⽤树⽪制纸。
玛雅⽂约有270个
符号,常⽤的170来个。
其中有表⽰整个词义的“意符”,但
是⼤多数符号是不表意义、只表声⾳的“⾳符”。
⾳符
分为：①元⾳的⾳素符号（V型）,②元⾳和辅⾳的⾳节
符号(VC型)，③辅⾳加元⾳或只表辅⾳的⾳节⾳素符号(CV或C型),④辅⾳加元⾳加辅⾳的⾳节符号(CVC型)。
此外,还有少数只有规定的辨别功能的“定符”。
玛雅符号的外形很像⼩⼩的图画，实际上象形作⽤
早已丧失。
玛雅⽂是⼀种语词 -⾳节⽂字，有⼈把它列
为⾳节⽂字，因为⾳节符号处于主要地位。
⼤致形成于公元前最后⼏个世纪。
遗留的铭⽂最早的相当于公元328 年，⼀直应⽤到16世纪，长达1500年以上，由于西班⽛的⼊侵⽽毁灭遗忘。
现存的写本只有3种,以存储地点命
名为：①马德⾥写本,②巴黎写本,③德累斯顿写本。
此
外有不少⽯柱碑铭和古器物铭⽂。
第⼆次世界⼤战后，释读玛雅⽂成功，使美洲⾃创
的古⽂字重新在⽂化史上放出光明。
西班⽛占领以后,⽤西班⽛字母(所谓“传统”字母)记录玛雅语的传说, 有
《先知集》等书留传下来。
(见彩图玛雅⽂⽯碑、玛雅
⽂抄本)
（周有光）。
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Expressions表达式Constraints约束Unused Transforms未用变形Joints连接IK Handles逆向运动控制柄Lattices车削Clusters族Sculpt Objects雕刻物体Wires网格Lights灯光Cameras照相机Image Planes图像板Shading Groups and Materials阴影组和材质Particles粒子Rigid Bodies刚体物体Rigid Constraints刚体约束Select All选择所有Select All by Type根据类型选择所有Joints连接IK Handles逆向运动控制柄Lattices车削Clusters族Sculpt Objects雕刻物体Wires网格Transforms变形Geometry几何体NURBS Geometry NURBS几何体Polygon Geometry多边形几何体Lights灯光Cameras照相机Image Planes图像板Particles粒子Rigid Bodies刚体物体Rigid Constraints刚体约束Quick Select Set快速选择集Layers层New Layers建立新层Rename Layer更改层名称Remove Current Layer移去当前层Layer Editor层编辑器Transfer to Layer转化为层Select All on Layer选择层上所有物体Hide Layer隐藏层Hide All Layers隐藏所有层Show Layer显示层Show All Layers显示所有层Template Layer临时层Untemplate Layer解除临时层Hide Inactive Layers隐藏非活动层Template Inactive Layers临时非活动层Duplicate复制Group成组Ungroup解成组Create Empty Group建立空成组Parent建立父物体Unparent解除父物体Modify修改Transformation Tools变形工具Move Tool移动工具Rotate Tool旋转工具Scale Tool缩放工具Show Manipulator Tool显示手动工具Default Object Manipulator默认调节器Proportional Modi Tool比例修改工具Move Limit Tool移动限制工具Rotate Limit Tool旋转限制工具Scale Limit Tool缩放限制工具Reset Transformations重新设置变形控制Freeze Transformations冻结变形控制Enable Nodes授权动画节点All所有IK solvers逆向运动连接器Constraints约束Expressions表达式Particles粒子Rigid Bodies刚体Snapshots快照Disable Node废弃动画节点Make Live激活构造物Center Pivot置中枢轴点Prefix Hierarchy Names定义前缀Add Attribute增加属性Measure测量Distance Tool距离工具Parameter Tool参数工具Arc Length Tool弧度工具Animated Snapshot动画快照Animated Sweep由动画曲线创建几何体曲面Display显示Geometry几何体Backfaces背面Lattice Points车削点Lattice Shape车削形Local Rotation Axes局部旋转轴Rotate Pivots旋转枢轴点Scale Pivots缩放枢轴点Selection Handles选定句柄NURBS Components NURBS元素CVs CV曲线Edit Points编辑点Hulls可控点Custom定制NURBS Smoothness NURBS曲面光滑处理Hull物体外壳Rough边框质量Medium中等质量Fine精细质量Custom定制Polygon Components多边形元素Custom Polygon Display定制多边形显示Fast Interaction快速交错显示Camera/Light Manipulator照相机/灯光操作器Sound声音Joint Size关节尺寸IK Handle Size IK把手尺寸Window窗口General Editors通用编辑器Set Editor系统设置编辑器Attribute Spread Sheet属性编辑器Tool Settings工具设置Filter Action Editor滤镜动作编辑器Channel Control通道控制信息Connection Editor连接编辑器Performance Settings性能设置Script Editor Script编辑器Command Shell命令窗口Plug-in Manager滤镜管理器Rendering Editors渲染编辑器Rendering Flags渲染标记Hardware Render Buffer硬件渲染缓冲区Render View渲染视图Shading Groups Editor阴影组编辑器Texture View质地视图Shading Group Attributes阴影组属性Animation Editors动画编辑器Graph Editor图形编辑器Dope SheetBlend Shape融合形Device Editor设备编辑器Dynamic Relationships动态关系Attribute Editor属性编辑器Outliner框架Hypergraph超图形Multilister多功能渲染控制Expression Editor表达式编辑器Recent Commands当前命令Playblast播放预览View Arangement视图安排Four四分3 Top Split上三分3 Left Split左三分3 Right Split右三分3 Bottom Split底部三分2 Stacked二叠分2 Side By Side二平分Single单图Previous Arrangement前次安排Next Arrangement下次安排Saved Layouts保存布局Single Perspective View单透视图Four View四分图Persp/Graph/Hyper透视/图形/超图形Persp/Multi/Render透视/多功能/渲染Persp/Multi/Outliner透视/多功能/轮廓Persp/Multi透视/多功能Persp/Outliner透视/轮廓Persp/Graph透视/图形Persp/Set Editor透视/组编辑器Edit Layouts编辑布局Frame Selected in All Views所有视图选定帧Frame All in All Views所有视图的所有帧Minimize Application最小化应用Raise Application Windows移动窗口向前Options可选项General Preferences一般设置UI Preferences用户界面设置Customize UI定制用户界面Hotkeys快捷键Colors颜色Marking Menus标记菜单Shelves书架Panels面板Save Preferences保存设置Status Line状态栏Shelf书架Feedback Line反馈栏Channel Box通道面板Time Slider时间滑动棒Range Slider范围滑动棒Command Line命令行Help Line帮助行Show Only Viewing Panes仅显示视图面板Show All Panes显示所有面板Modeling建模系统Primitives基本物体Create NURBS创建NURBS物体Sphere球体Cube立方体Cylinder圆柱体Cone圆台（锥）体Plane平面物体Circle圆Create Polygons创建多边形物体Sphere球体Cube立方体Cylinder圆柱体Cone圆台（锥）体Plane平面物体Torus面包圈Create Text创建文本Create Locator创建指示器Construction Plane构造平面Create Camera创建照相机Curves创建曲线CV Curve Tool CV曲线工具EP Curve Tool EP曲线工具Pencil Curve Tool笔曲线工具Add Points Tool加点工具Curve Editing Tool曲线编辑工具Offset Curve曲线移动Offset Curve On Surface曲线在表面移动Project Tangent曲线切线调整Fillet Curve带状曲线Rebuild Curve重建曲线Extend Curve扩展曲线Insert Knot插入节点Attach Curves连接曲线Detach Curves断开曲线Align Curves对齐曲线Open/Close Curves打开/关闭曲线Reserse Curves反转曲线Duplicate Curves复制曲线CV Hardness硬化曲线Fit B-spline适配贝塔曲线Surfaces曲面Bevel斜角Extrude凸出Loft放样Planar曲面Revolve旋转Boundary边界Birail 1 Tool二对一工具Birail 2 Tool二对二工具Birail 3+ Tool二对三工具Circular Fillet圆边斜角Freeform Fillet自由形斜角Fillet Blend Tool斜角融合工具Edit Surfaces编辑曲面Intersect Surfaces曲面交叉Project Curve投影曲线Trim Tool修整曲线工具Untrim Surfaces撤消修整Rebuild Surfaces重建曲面Prepare For Stitch准备缝合Stitch Surface Points点缝合曲面Stitch Tool缝合工具NURBS to Polygons NURBS转化为多边形Insert Isoparms添加元素Attach Surfaces曲面结合Detach Surfaces曲面分离Align Surfaces曲面对齐Open/Close Surfaces打开/关闭曲面Reverse Surfaces反转曲面Polygones多边形Create Polygon Tool创建多边形工具Append to Polygon Tool追加多边形Split Polygon Tool分离多边形工具Move Component移动元素Subdivide多边形细化Collapse面转点Edges边界Soften/Harden柔化/硬化Close Border关闭边界Merge Tool合并工具Bevel斜角Delete and Clean删除和清除Facets面Keep Facets Together保留边线Extrude凸出Extract破碎Duplicate复制Triangulate三角分裂Quadrangulate四边形合并Trim Facet Tool面修整工具Normals法向Reverse倒转法向Propagate传播法向Conform统一法向Texture质地Assign Shader to Each Projection指定投影Planar Mapping平面贴图Cylindrical Mapping圆柱体贴图Spherical Mapping球体贴图Delete Mapping删除贴图Cut Texture裁剪纹理Sew Texture斜拉纹理Unite联合Separate分离Smooth光滑Selection Constraints选定限定工具Smart Command Settings改变显示属性Convert Selection转化选定Uninstall Current Settins解除当前设定Animation动画模块Keys关键帧Settings设置关键帧Auto Key自动设置关键帧Spline样条曲线式Linear直线式Clamped夹具式Stepped台阶式Flat平坦式Other其他形式Set Driven Key设置驱动关键帧Set设置Go To Previous前移Go To Next后退Set Key设置帧Hold Current Keys保留当前帧Paths路径Set Path Key设置路径关键帧Attach to Path指定路径Flow Path Object物体跟随路径Skeletons骨骼Joint Tool关节工具IK Handle Tool反向动力学句柄工具IK Spline Handle Tool反向动力学样条曲线句柄工具Insert Joint Tool添加关节工具Reroot Skeleton重新设置根关节Remove Joint去除关节Disconnect Joint解除连接关节Connect Joint连接关节Mirror Joint镜向关节Set Preferred Angle设置参考角Assume Preferred AngleEnable IK Solvers反向动力学解算器有效EIk Handle Snap反向动力学句柄捕捉有效ESelected IK Handles反向动力学句柄有效DSelected IK Handles反向动力学句柄无效Deformations变形Edit Menbership Tool编辑成员工具Prune Membership变形成员Cluster簇变形Lattice旋转变形Sculpt造型变形Wire网格化变形Lattice旋转Sculpt造型Cluster簇Point On Curve线点造型Blend Shape混合变形Blend Shape Edit混合变形编辑Add增加Remove删除Swap交换Wire Tool网格化工具Wire Edit网格编辑Add增加Remove删除Add Holder增加定位曲线Reset重置Wire Dropoff Locator网线定位器Wrinkle Tool褶绉变形工具Edit Lattice编辑旋转Reset Lattice重置旋转Remove Lattice Tweeks恢复旋转Display I-mediate Objects显示中间物体Hide Intermediate Objects隐藏中间物体Skinning皮肤Bind Skin绑定蒙皮Detach Skin断开蒙皮Preserve Skin Groups保持皮肤组Detach Skeleton分离骨骼Detach Selected Joints分离选定关节Reattach Skeleton重新连接骨骼Reattach Selected Joints重新连接关节Create Flexor创建屈肌Reassign Bone Lattice Joint再指定骨头关节Go to Bind Pose恢复骨头绑定Point关节Aim目标Orient方向Scale缩放Geometry几何体Normal法向RenderingLighting灯光Create Ambient Light创建环境光Create Directional Light创建方向灯Create Point Light创建点光源Create Spot Light创建聚光灯Relationship Panel关系面板Light Linking Tool灯光链接工具Shading 阴影Shading Group Attributes阴影组属性Create Shading Group创建阴影组Lambert朗伯材质Phong Phong材质Blinn布林材质Other其他材质Assign Shading Group指定阴影组InitialParticleSE初始粒子系统InitialShadingGroup初始阴影组Shading Group Tool阴影组工具Texture Placement Tool纹理位移工具Render渲染Render into New Window渲染至新窗口Redo Previous Render重复上次渲染Test Resolution测试分辨率Camera Panel照相机面板Render Globals一般渲染Batch Render批渲染Cancel Batch Render取消批渲染Show Batch Render显示批渲染Dynamics动力学系统Settings设置Initial State初始状态Set For Current当前设置Set For All Dynamic设置总体动力学特性Rigid Body Solver刚体解算器Dynamics Controller动力学控制器Particle Collision Events粒子爆炸Particle Caching粒子缓冲Run-up and Cache执行缓冲Cache Current Frame缓冲当前帧Set Selected Particles设置选定粒子Dynamics On动力学开Dynamics Off动力学关Set All Particles设置所有粒子。