英语中8种从句介绍 锐
英语八大从句类型总结 用法有哪些
英语八大从句类型总结用法有哪些
从句是复句中具有分属地位的分句,它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。
在现代汉语的语法中,“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。
1 英语从句可以分哪几类从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,是一个特殊句子,就像一个句子一样。
所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。
根据从句语法功能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6 类。
前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;
定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;
而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。
主语从句(Subject Clause)
用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
表语从句(Predicative Clause)
用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词很多都一样。
宾语从句(Object Clause)。
英语从句类型总结
英语从句类型总结英语从句类型总结想要学好从句,第一步先要知道从句是什么?本文的内容为大家准备的是英语从句类型总结,请看看,希望对你有所帮助。
英语从句类型总结一.主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。
例如:It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is +名词+从句It is a fact that … 事实是…It is an honor that …非常荣幸It is common knowledge that …是常识(2) it is +形容词+从句It is natural that… 很自然…It is strange that… 奇怪的是…(3) it is +不及物动词+从句It seems that… 似乎…It happened that… 碰巧…(4) it +过去分词+从句It is reported that… 据报道…It has been proved that… 已证实…3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
英语八大从句类型总结
英语⼋⼤从句类型总结英语⼋⼤从句类型总结 总结就是对⼀个时期的学习、⼯作或其完成情况进⾏⼀次全⾯系统的回顾和分析的书⾯材料,它可以促使我们思考,为此我们要做好回顾,写好总结。
总结你想好怎么写了吗?下⾯是⼩编收集整理的英语⼋⼤从句类型总结,欢迎阅读与收藏。
英语⼋⼤从句类型总结1 1.时间状语从句 (1)When---当……时候,通常指某⼀特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发⽣。
(2)When---正在……的时候,突然…。
通常主句是进⾏时或be about to时,在翻译的时候,when可以译成没想到或突然。
(3)When当从句是进⾏时,主句是⼀般时,往往表⽰不满。
(4)When=after (5)While---在……期间,往往指⼀段时间。
(6)While---表⽰⼀种不满情绪,意思是这边在⼲某种重要的事,⽽另⼀边在享受等。
(7)As---⼀边……⼀边,随着 (8)The moment---⼀……就……=as soon as,immediately, 2.条件状语从句 引导状语从句的连接词有:If如果,unless除⾮,as long as只要,As(so)far as---据……所知,incase万⼀,provided that假如,on condition that若是,以…为条件。
3.地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where,wherever。
4.原因状语从句 because,as,since,now that,和considering that,seeing that这六个连词都⽤于表⽰表⽰原因,但在语⽓上⼀个⽐⼀个弱。
5.结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有:that,so that,so…that… 6.⽬的状语从句 引导⽬的状语从句的主要连词有:that,so that,in order that,for fear that,lest. 7. 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although,though,as,even if,even though,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether。
英语八大从句类型例句
英语八大从句类型例句含翻译1. 名词性从句(Noun Clause):- Example 1: What she said surprised everyone.Translation: 她说的话让每个人都感到惊讶。
- Example 2: Whether they will come is uncertain.Translation: 他们是否会来是不确定的。
2. 形容词性从句(Adjective Clause):- Example 1: The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.Translation: 那个坐在我旁边的女孩是我妹妹。
- Example 2: I like the book that you recommended.Translation: 我喜欢你推荐的那本书。
3. 副词性从句(Adverbial Clause):- Example 1: I will go to the party if I finish my work.Translation: 如果我完成工作,我将去参加聚会。
- Example 2: She sings well when she is happy.Translation: 她在开心时唱得很好。
4. 定语从句(Relative Clause):- Example 1: The person who called you is waiting outside.Translation: 给你打电话的人正在外面等着。
- Example 2: The house that we visited yesterday is beautiful.Translation: 我们昨天参观的房子很漂亮。
5. 时间状语从句(Time Adverbial Clause):- Example 1: We will start as soon as the rain stops.Translation: 一旦雨停,我们就会开始。
英语从句的类型总结
英语从句的类型总结英语从句是英语中最常见的语法结构之一,它可以用来表示各种不同的语义关系和表达方式。
有许多种类型的英语从句,每种类型都有其特定的语法结构和用法。
本文将对常见的英语从句类型进行总结,包括名词性从句、定语从句、副词从句和条件从句等。
名词性从句(Noun Clauses)是用来作为名词的成分的从句。
它可以在句子中扮演主语、宾语、表语或宾补的角色。
名词性从句的引导词通常有“that”、“if”、“whether”、“who”、“whom”、“whose”、“which”、“what”等。
例如:1. 主语从句(Subject Clauses):- What you said is true.(你说的是真的。
)- Whether he will come tomorrow remains to be seen.(他明天是否会来还不确定。
)2. 宾语从句(Object Clauses):- She said that she would arrive late.(她说她会迟到。
)- I don't know what the answer is.(我不知道答案是什么。
)3. 表语从句(Predicate Clauses):- The important thing is that we try our best.(重要的是我们尽力去做。
)- His dream is to be a famous writer.(他的梦想是成为一名著名的作家。
)4. 宾补从句(Complement Clauses):- I made a promise that I would help him.(我承诺会帮助他。
) - They declared him to be the winner.(他们宣布他是胜利者。
)定语从句(Adjective Clauses)是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它通常位于被修饰的名词或代词之后,并用来限定或描述该名词或代词。
从句的类型及用法总结
从句的类型及用法总结从句是语言中的一种基本成分,它可以扩展句子的信息量,并使句子更加具体和明确。
从句分为几种类型,包括名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
本文将对这些从句的类型及其用法进行总结,并举例说明。
一、名词性从句名词性从句可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
名词性从句通常由连接词“从属连词”引导,包括“that、whether/if、who、whom、whose、which、what”等。
1. 主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语,常以“that、whether/if、wh-”为引导词。
例如:- That he has refused to help surprises me. (他拒绝帮助我,让我感到惊讶)- Whether she will come or not is still uncertain. (她是否会来还不确定) - What he said is true. (他说的是真的)2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当直接宾语或间接宾语,常以“that、whether/if、wh-”为引导词。
例如:- He knows that you are coming. (他知道你要来了)- I wonder if he can finish the task. (我想知道他是否能完成这个任务) - I don't know what he is talking about. (我不知道他在说什么)3. 表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语,常以“that、whether/if、wh-”为引导词。
例如:- My wish is that you succeed. (我希望你成功)- The fact that he lied shocked everyone. (他撒谎的事实让每个人都感到震惊)4. 宾补从句宾补从句通常跟在某些动词(如“think、believe、find、consider”等)或介词(如“for、on、about”等)后面,充当宾语的补足语,常以“that、whether/if、wh-”为引导词。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结 有哪些从句
英语八大从句类型与用法总结有哪些从句英语有六种从句类型,分别是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结有哪些从句1英语从句类型主语从句用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
表语从句用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词很多都一样。
宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系就是同位关系,即主表关系。
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句。
2英语从句用法1.主语从句1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。
常见的句型有:2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
2.宾语从句1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。
连词that常可省略。
介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。
in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that 引导的宾语从句。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结
英语八大从句类型与用法总结
英语八大从句类型与用法总结
从句,是复句中具有分属地位的分句,它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。
在现代汉语的语法中,“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。
1 英语从句分类介绍从句体系包括:
从句体系(从句系统)图示
从句体系(从句系统)图示
第一,名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句)
第二,定语从句
第三,状语从句
分类
从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,是一个特殊句子,就像一个句子一样。
所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词引导。
根据从句语法功能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6 类。
前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;
定语从句功能相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句;
而状语从句功能相当于副词,称为副词性从句。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句和时间状语从句。
主语从句(Subject Clause)。
从句的种类及使用方法
从句的种类及使用方法从句是句子中的一种独立成分,它可以包含主语、谓语和宾语,可以在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词。
从句分为三种基本类型:名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句。
下面是每种从句的详细说明及使用方法:1. 名词从句(Noun Clauses):名词从句用来在句子中充当名词的角色,作主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语。
一般由关系代词(如that, whom, who, which)或连接词(如whether, if)引导。
例如:-主语从句:Why he did that remains a mystery.(为什么他那样做仍然是个谜。
)-宾语从句:I don't know where he went.(我不知道他去了哪里。
)-表语从句:The important thing is that you try your best.(重要的是你尽力而为。
)-介词宾语从句:I'm not sure about whether I should go or not.(我不确定我是否应该去。
)2. 形容词从句(Adjective Clauses):形容词从句用来描述或修饰名词,通常由关系代词(如that, who, whom, which, whose)引导。
例如:- The book that I bought is on the table.(我买的书在桌子上。
)- He is the man who saved my life.(他是救了我命的人。
)3. 副词从句(Adverb Clauses):副词从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,并回答疑问词(如when, where, why, how, etc.)引导的问题。
例如:- When he arrived, everyone was already there.(当他到达时,所有人已经在那里了。
)- She speaks English better than I do.(她的英语说得比我好。
宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,表语从句的详细讲解及例句
当我们学习语法时,我们常常会遇到几种从句,包括宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句和表语从句。
下面逐个进行详细讲解,并给出相应的例句。
1. 宾语从句(Object Clause):宾语从句用来做主句中的宾语。
它通常由连接词引导,如that, if, whether, what, where, who, whom, whose等。
例句:- I don't know what he wants.(我不知道他想要什么。
)- She asked if he could come to the party.(她问他是否能来参加派对。
)- They wonder where we are going.(他们想知道我们要去哪里。
)2. 状语从句(Adverbial Clause):状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词,表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。
它通常由连接词引导,如when, while, because, if, although, since等。
例句:- We will go hiking if the weather is good.(如果天气好,我们将去远足。
)- He studied hard until he passed the exam.(他学习努力直到通过考试。
)- Although it was raining, they still went out.(虽然下雨了,他们仍然出去了。
)3. 定语从句(Relative Clause):定语从句用来修饰主句中的名词或代词,对其进行限定或说明。
它通常由关系代词引导,如that, which, who, whom, whose等。
例句:- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
)- The person who is talking to Mary is my brother.(正在和玛丽说话的那个人是我哥哥。
英语中8种从句介绍 锐
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等).主语从句用作主语,如::That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的.宾语从句用作宾语.如:Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往.同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如:The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的.(that从句用于解释说明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如:The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.(时间状语)If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句).要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来.主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如:I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语.He likes playing football very mucy.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语.英语中8种从句介绍1定语从句2时间状语从句3地点状语从句4条件状语从句5同位语从句6表语从句7宾语从句8主语从句名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses).名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词:when,where,how,why不可省略的连词:1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思.但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语. It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句.That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义.名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气. 宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他.同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴.2)That- 从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事一、什么是英语从句?要回答这个问题,先要弄清楚两个小问题:1、什么叫英语的句子一般情况下,英语句子中必定有一个主语和谓语,或者说,有主语和谓语组成的句子就是句子.例如:Mr. Wang teaches English in a middle school.Many trees were planted last spring.2、英语句子的成份英语的句子中,不仅只有主语和谓语,还有其它的句子成份,其中最主要的成份有:主语、谓语、宾语、状语、定语等.这几种成份在句子的位置大致是:(状语) + (定语)主语(定语) + (状语)谓语(状语) + (定语)宾语(宾语补足语) + (状语)也就是,定语一般位于主语和宾语的前后;状语一般位于谓语的前后;及物动词后一般接宾语和宾语补足语.有一点请注意:英语句子中状语的位置非常灵活,它在句首、句中、句末都可以.3、什么是英语的从句在明白了英语句子的成份之后,再来讨论英语从句就比较简单了.因为,什么叫从句呢?就是英语句中的某一成份不是一个单词或词组,而是一个句子,那么这个担任成份的句子就叫从句.如果定语是一个句子,它就叫定语从句;如果宾语是一个句子,它就是宾语从句.依此类推.例如:The boy and the dog [that are in the picture ]are very lovely. (括号中that开始的句子就是定语从句)We revisited the village [where we had worked before.] (括号中where引导的句子也是定语从句)He learned [that this was a hard work (which must be finished in a week.)] (这句里有两个从句,方括号由that引导的是宾语从句;在这个宾语从句中又包含了一个由which引导的定语从句.)因此,对于一个比较复杂的较长的英语句子来说,它就可能存在几个句子,即主句和担任各种成份的从句.从这个角度看,也可以说从句是句子中的句子.二、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等.关系副词有:when, where, why等. 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which 互换), 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that 在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.1)when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?2)that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出.)(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.(对)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.内容提要定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种.状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句.名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型.一、限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处.I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反.We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了.3. 有时as也可用作关系代词4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物先行词:是在定语从句中,被定语从句所修饰的名词.例如:He is a teacher who teach our English.在这里定词从句who teach our English是来修饰前面的名词teacher.所以teacher就是一个先行词.再说下它的用法:1、先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that;当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略.a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.b 句可改为:The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或whicha.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in whicha.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in whichThis is the house where/in which we lived last year.或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如:a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成:This is the house the windoues of which were broken.6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如:The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.二、物殊情况:尽管有以上基本原则,但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况;Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词,如anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all,these ,those等时,用who而不用thatThose who break the rule are pulished.Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake. Ⅱ.以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人,引导词只用That,如:a.Who is the person that is standing at the gate ?b.Which of you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word?Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况:1、先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,This is the best composition that has been written in English.2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代词时There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her.3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时I’ve read all the books that you gave me.4、先行词被the only/very等修饰时This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday. 5、有两个以上先行词,分别表示人或物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.6、先行词为基数时Yesterday I caught two fish,Now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water.Ⅳ.time为先行词时,前边如有序数词修饰时,定语从句引导词用that或什么也不用,如没序数词修饰时,用when或that均可a.This is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that;当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略.a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.b 句可改为:The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或whicha.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in whicha.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in whichThis is the house where/in which we lived last year.或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如:a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成:This is the house the windoues of which were broken.6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如:The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.。
初三英语语法串讲从句的分类与用法
初三英语语法串讲从句的分类与用法在初三英语的学习中,从句是一个重要且复杂的语法知识点。
掌握从句的分类与用法对于提高英语语言能力和应对考试都具有关键作用。
接下来,让我们一起深入了解一下从句的世界。
从句,简单来说,就是一个句子在另一个句子中充当某个成分。
根据其在主句中所充当的成分,从句可以分为三大类:名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)。
一、名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1、主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语,通常放在句首。
例如:“What he saidis true”(他说的是真的。
)在这个句子中,“What he said”就是主语从句。
需要注意的是,为了避免句子头重脚轻,有时会用 it 作形式主语,而把真正的主语从句放在后面。
比如:“It is clear that he is wrong”(很明显他错了。
)2、宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当宾语,常跟在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后面。
例如:“I believe that he is honest”(我相信他是诚实的。
)“We are interested in what you said”(我们对你所说的感兴趣。
)宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语+其他”。
同时,要注意宾语从句的时态,要根据主句的时态来变化。
3、表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语,位于系动词之后。
例如:“The problem is whether we can finish the work on time”(问题是我们能否按时完成工作。
)4、同位语从句同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词的具体内容。
常见的名词有:fact, news, idea, thought, hope 等。
例如:“The news that he will come is true”(他要来的消息是真的。
)二、形容词性从句(定语从句)定语从句在句中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词。
从句语法知识
总结:从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类.前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,所以通称名词性从句;后两类定语从句和状语从句功用相当于形容词,称为形容词性从句.状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句.1.主语从句〔Subject Clause〕:用作主语的从句叫主语从句.引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等.2.表语从句〔Predicative Clause〕:用作表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样.3.宾语从句〔Object Clause〕:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.一、宾语从句(object clauses)1、概述用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词和非谓语动词〔动词不定式、动名词、分词〕和某些形容词的宾语。
宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if,关系代词what,who,whose,which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
He said he wanted to go to town.他说他想去城里。
I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。
I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会,我很高兴。
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。
完整版英语从句用法总结
It was a great achievement to complete a 24-story building in 10 months.
固定用法和译法: (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that… 事实是…… It is good news that … ……是好消息 It is a question that … ……是个问题 It is common knowledge that … ……是常识 类似的名词还有:a pity,a wonder,surprise,no wonder等.
2.由连接代词who,that引导;
What we lack is experience. Who will go to the energy conference is not important.
3.由连接副词when,how,where,why引导;
How he manages to finish the job is of interest to us. Why he failed the english exam wasn't clear.
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
结构:主语 + 连系动词(be,seem,look) + 句子作表语 (1) 从属连词that,whether, as, as if 等;
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
英语八大从句类型总结
英语八大从句类型总结主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。
句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。
今天我们就一起来看看英语八大从句类型总结吧!英语八大从句类型总结从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句 (即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子。
在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
主语从句用作主语,如::That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。
宾语从句用作宾语。
如:Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。
如:The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。
(that从句用于解释说明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。
(时间状语)If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他。
(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。
从句的类型及引导词总结
从句的类型及引导词总结从句是一种在句子中起到特定功能的句子成分。
它可以作为主句的主语、宾语、定语或状语,起到丰富句子意义和提供更多信息的作用。
从句根据功能和结构可以分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句,而引导从句的词语则根据从句的类型来确定。
下面将对这些从句类型及其引导词进行总结。
一、名词性从句名词性从句在句子中扮演名词的角色,可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句:从句作为整个句子的主语,通常以从属连词"that"引导。
例如:- What he said is true.(他说的是真的。
)- That he is late is unacceptable.(他迟到是不可接受的。
)2. 宾语从句:从句作为句子中的宾语,可以由多个引导词引导,如"that"、"if"、"whether"、"who"、"what"等。
例如:- I don't know if he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。
)- She asked me what my favorite color is.(她问我最喜欢的颜色是什么。
)3. 表语从句:从句作为句子中的表语,通常以从属连词"that"引导。
例如:- The fact is that he lied to us.(事实是他对我们撒了谎。
)- My dream is that I can travel around the world.(我的梦想是能环游世界。
)4. 同位语从句:从句作为另一个名词或代词的同位语,通常以从属连词"that"或连接代词/连接副词引导。
例如:- The news that she won the first prize was exciting.(她赢得一等奖的消息令人激动。
从句归纳 区分定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句
从句小结从句总述:从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词,故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。
1.主语从句(Subject Clause):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2.表语从句(Predicative Clause):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
3.宾语从句(Object Clause):在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clause):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
其关联词多为that。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。
宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:时态、语序、连接词。
一:时态和语序1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时。
语序:宾语从句只能用陈述句语序,坚决不能用疑问句语序。
二:连接词①从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例句:He told that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.②连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.例句:Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?③连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.三:动词的宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记例句:Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.四:可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例句:I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.例句:I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.五:介词的宾语从句用wh-类的介词宾语从句例句:We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.六:形容词的宾语从句一般来说形容词不能带宾语,更不能带宾语从句。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结
英语八大从句类型与用法总结从句是句子中的一种结构,可以用来增强句子的表达能力。
英语中常见的八大从句类型包括:1. 名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)名词性从句用来作为名词的替代,可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语等。
常见的名词性从句有:主语从句(作主语),宾语从句(作宾语),表语从句(作表语),同位语从句(作同位语)。
2. 定语从句 (Adjective Clauses)定语从句用来对一些名词或代词进行修饰和限定,一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
常见的引导词有:that, which, who, whom, whose 等。
3. 状语从句 (Adverbial Clauses)状语从句用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。
常见的引导词有:when, while, before, after, since, because, if, unless, so that等。
4. 并列从句 (Coordination Clauses)并列从句是由连词and, but, or等连接在一起的两个或多个独立的主句。
并列从句可以使用逗号或分号分隔。
5. 让步从句 (Concessive Clauses)让步从句用来表示与主句相对抗的情况,常用的引导词有:although, though, even though, while等。
6. 条件从句 (Conditional Clauses)条件从句用来表示其中一种条件,通过条件从句的实现与结果从句的实现之间的关系。
常见的引导词有:if, unless, as long as, provided that等。
7. 结果从句 (Result Clauses)结果从句用来表示主句发生的结果,常见的引导词有:so that, such that, so...that等。
8. 目的从句 (Purpose Clauses)目的从句用来表示主句的目的或意图,常见的引导词有:so that, in order that等。
英语八大从句类型总结
英语八大从句类型总结总结:从句是构成复合句的一部分,也是英语语法中非常重要的部分。
根据从句的用途和功能,可以将从句分为八大类型,分别是名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句、定语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
每种从句都具有自己的特点和用法,下面将逐一介绍。
1. 名词性从句(Noun Clauses):名词性从句可作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等。
其引导词有that, whether, if, what, who, whom, which, whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever等。
名词性从句在句子中起到名词的作用,可代替一个名词短语或单个名词。
例句:- I don't know what he is doing.(主语从句)- Can you tell me where the library is?(宾语从句)- His question is whether we can finish the project on time.(表语从句)2. 形容词性从句(Adjective Clauses):形容词性从句用来修饰名词或代词,通常位于其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
其引导词有that, who, whom, which等。
例句:- The book that you lent me is very interesting.(修饰名词book)- I know a girl who can play the piano very well.(修饰名词girl)3. 副词性从句(Adverb Clauses):副词性从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,通常位于句子中的谓语动词之后。
根据从句的用途和功能,副词性从句可以分为条件状语从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句等。
例句:- If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the park.(条件状语从句)- He has lived in New York since he moved there ten years ago.(时间状语从句)- She looked for her keys everywhere she could think of.(地点状语从句)4. 定语从句(Relative Clauses):定语从句用来修饰名词或代词,通常位于其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
英语从句(最简单通俗易懂)
英语从句(最简单通俗易懂)从句名词性从句:就是这个些从句的作用,相当于一个名词,按作用分类分成:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
一、主语从句(名词性从句):引导词:1、that:万能词2、whether:是否,能否(表示怀疑)3、what:什么,……的东西4、whatever:无论……5、who:谁,(指人)6、whoever:无论谁,任何人7、which:那一个,指代前提提到的东西8、wichever:无论哪一个9、whose:谁的(所有格)10、whom:谁(who的宾格)11、whomever:无论谁,任何人(whoever的宾格)12、how:怎样,用什么方式13、why:为什么14、when:当……时候(表示时间)15、where:在……地点(表示地点)学习心得:从句在复合句中做主语,翻译的时候把一句话,就当一个名词来翻译二、宾语从句(名词性从句):引导词:1、that:万能词(无意思,只是符号,有的时候会省略)2、who:谁,(指人)3、why:为什么4、when:当……时候(表示时间)5、which:那一个,指代前提提到的东西6、what:什么,……的东西7、how:怎样,用什么方式8、whether:是否,能否(表示怀疑)9、if:如果(表示假设)注:放在非谓语动词(动名词)后面的句子也叫做宾语从句。
如:knowing that………………………………三、表语从句(名词性从句):引导词:1、that:万能词2、whether:是否,能否(表示怀疑)3、what:什么,……的东西4、whatever:无论……5、who:谁,(指人)6、whoever:无论谁,任何人7、which:那一个,指代前提提到的东西8、wichever:无论哪一个9、whose:谁的(所有格)10、whom:谁(who的宾格)11、whomever:无论谁,任何人(whoever的宾格)12、how:怎样,(表示方式)13、why:为什么(表示原因)14、when:当……时候(表示时间)15、where:在……地点(表示地点)16、as if:好像,似乎(表示可能)17、as though:好像,仿佛(表示可能)学习心得:用句子表示名词,在句中做表语,引导词跟主语从句一样。
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从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等).主语从句用作主语,如::That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的.宾语从句用作宾语.如:Do you know where he lives表语从句用作表语,如:My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往.同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如:The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的.(that从句用于解释说明the fact)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如:[The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词,如:When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.(时间状语)If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句).要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来.主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如:I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语.He likes playing football very mucy.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语.英语中8种从句介绍1定语从句2时间状语从句~3地点状语从句4条件状语从句5同位语从句6表语从句7宾语从句8主语从句名词性从句:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses).名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)》连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词:when,where,how,why不可省略的连词:1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思.但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:引导主语从句并在句首【2.引导表语从句从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"or not"Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语. It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句.That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义.名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气.宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.—表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他.同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴.2)That- 从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事一、什么是英语从句要回答这个问题,先要弄清楚两个小问题:}1、什么叫英语的句子一般情况下,英语句子中必定有一个主语和谓语,或者说,有主语和谓语组成的句子就是句子.例如:Mr. Wang teaches English in a middle school.Many trees were planted last spring.2、英语句子的成份英语的句子中,不仅只有主语和谓语,还有其它的句子成份,其中最主要的成份有:主语、谓语、宾语、状语、定语等.这几种成份在句子的位置大致是:(状语) + (定语)主语(定语) + (状语)谓语(状语) + (定语)宾语(宾语补足语) + (状语)也就是,定语一般位于主语和宾语的前后;状语一般位于谓语的前后;及物动词后一般接宾语和宾语补足语.有一点请注意:英语句子中状语的位置非常灵活,它在句首、句中、句末都可以.}3、什么是英语的从句在明白了英语句子的成份之后,再来讨论英语从句就比较简单了.因为,什么叫从句呢就是英语句中的某一成份不是一个单词或词组,而是一个句子,那么这个担任成份的句子就叫从句.如果定语是一个句子,它就叫定语从句;如果宾语是一个句子,它就是宾语从句.依此类推.例如:The boy and the dog [that are in the picture ] are very lovely. (括号中that开始的句子就是定语从句)We revisited the village [where we had worked before.] (括号中where 引导的句子也是定语从句)He learned [that this was a hard work (which must be finished in a week.)] (这句里有两个从句,方括号由that引导的是宾语从句;在这个宾语从句中又包含了一个由which引导的定语从句.)因此,对于一个比较复杂的较长的英语句子来说,它就可能存在几个句子,即主句和担任各种成份的从句.从这个角度看,也可以说从句是句子中的句子.二、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出.关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等.关系副词有:when, where, why等. 关系代词引导的定语从句(关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you他就是你想见的人吗(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which 互换), 例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.…3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.1)when, where, why关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗:2)that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出.)(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.—(对)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.(对)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.内容提要定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种.状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句.名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型.一、限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which 的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语)5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处.I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反.We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了.3. 有时as也可用作关系代词4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物先行词:是在定语从句中,被定语从句所修饰的名词.例如:He is a teacher who teach our English.在这里定词从句who teach our English是来修饰前面的名词teacher.所以teacher就是一个先行词. 再说下它的用法:1、先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that;当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略.a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.b 句可改为:The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或whichplanted the trees which didn’t need much water.b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in whichstill remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.'ll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in whichThis is the house where/in which we lived last year.或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如: is the boy whose mother died a month ago.is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成:This is the house the windoues of which were broken.6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如:The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.二、物殊情况:尽管有以上基本原则,但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况;Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词,如anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all, these ,those等时,用who而不用thatThose who break the rule are pulished.Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake.Ⅱ.以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人,引导词只用That,如:is the person that is standing at the gateof you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况:1、先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,This is the best composition that has been written in English.2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much 等不定代词时There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her.3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时I’ve read all the books that you gave me.4、先行词被the only/very等修饰时This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday.5、有两个以上先行词,分别表示人或物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited. 6、先行词为基数时Yesterday I caught two fish,Now you can see the two that are still alive in a basin of water.Ⅳ.time为先行词时,前边如有序数词修饰时,定语从句引导词用that 或什么也不用,如没序数词修饰时,用when或that均可is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that;当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略.a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.b 句可改为:The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或whichplanted the trees which didn’t need much water.b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in whichstill remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.'ll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in whichThis is the house where/in which we lived last year.或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如: is the boy whose mother died a month ago.is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成:This is the house the windoues of which were broken.6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如:The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.。