期末词汇学

一根据定义写属于名称10*1

1.The morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning, not divisible or analyzable into any smaller forms.

2.A free morpheme 自由词素(form) is a morpheme which can occur as a separate word. They can be used independently. They are more like roots of words.

3.A bound morpheme 黏着词素(form) cannot stand by itself as a word, or it can not be used independently; it must appear with at least one other morphemes, free or bound.

4.Affixes are considered bound morphemes that can be used when added to another morpheme.

5.Affixes that indicate grammatical or functional changes are called inflectional changes. 曲折词缀

6.The process by which noninflectional affixes are added to roots to form words :derivation 派生法

7.a morpheme to which affixes can be added ：root

8.a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem):affix

9.an affix attached to the end of a base :suffix 后缀

10.an affix attached to the beginning of a base:prefix

11.Conversion 转换法is a main type of word-formation process in which a word of certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without an addition of

an affix.

12.Onomatopoeia拟声法is the oldest device of word-formation which is used to form a word from sound.

13.（逆生法）Back-formation is an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from an already existing longer word in the vocabulary.

pounding 复合法is a main type of word-formation, adding one base to another to form a new unit. Words formed in this way are called compounds.

15 Blending拼缀法 is a process of word-formation, in which

a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form, or both of which are not in their full forms.

16，Clipping截短法 or shortening is a method of shortening a word without changing its meaning. For example, gas was clipped from gasoline

17.Initialism(首字母缩略词) is a type of shortening, using the first letter of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase; an initialism is pronounced letter by letter. For example, BBC (for British Broadcasting corporation) is pronounced /bi: bi: si:/

18Acronyms （首字母拼音词）are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term. Acronyms are pronounced as a word rather than as sequence of letters:把用首字母组成的缩略拼组成一个词，就是首字母拼音词。

laser/leizэ/ ←lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 激光

二，单选10*1 （了解最基础的概念，期中考试卷子上，ppt上）三，选择下列单词的构词方法 10*1

A derivation

B conversion

C compounding

D back- formation 四，单词的构词方法10*1

A Clipping words

B initialism

C acronym

D Blend

五，汉译英10*2

不交费的toll-free

免税的tax-free (duty-free) 不含脂肪的fat-free

无须维修的maintenance-free，无息的interest-free

无忧无虑的care-free，无核武器的nuclear-weapon free

无尘的dust-free,没有皱纹的wrinkle-free

sea-sick晕船的，晕机的air-sick

晕车的car-sick, 想家的home-sick

noun+ proof 防止…，耐的…，抗…的)